(1736,2,'2022-04-18 15:20:42','2022-04-18 15:20:42','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Demand Response and Peak Load Management\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Demand Response and Peak Load Management? </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand response refers to strategies employed by utilities that use time-based financial incentives to modify consumer electricity consumption during periods of peak demand, power scarcity, grid congestion or an anticipated grid outage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> The cost of electricity from the consumer’s perspective usually reflects the average cost to generate electricity throughout the day or year. Reducing peak demand reduces the cost of electricity by reducing the need for additional generation capacity and avoiding the construction and maintenance costs associated with “peakers” or standby energy plants. Utility companies often charge flat rates for energy consumption. These flat rates do not factor in the different costs of supplying energy during different times or usage levels. Energy usage peaks from air conditioner use on hot days and when people come home from work between the hours of 2 pm and 7 pm. Figure 1 illustrates the results of shifting energy use away from peak hours.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_269\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1198\"]<img class=\"wp-image-269 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Demand-Response-and-Peak-Load-Management-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Shifting Demand (Source: MIT).\" width=\"1198\" height=\"760\" /> Figure 1 – Shifting Demand (Source: MIT).[/caption]<p>Increased peak demand strains the electric system, increases emissions, and adds to energy costs. In a demand response program, building operators manage the amount and timing of energy consumption to maximize energy efficiency and reduce energy costs by shedding loads or shifting activities to off-peak hours, which often coincide with lower energy prices or incentive payments. Demand response may include interrupting demand for a short period or adjusting demand levels by shedding or shifting loads or storing energy. For example, building operators can manually adjust or automatically set HVAC systems to cycle off during periods of peak demand and to cycle back on during off-peak hours, potentially lowering energy use and electricity bills. Advances in smart grid infrastructure including smart metering technologies has expanded the range of available demand response programs and dynamic price offerings.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></sup> Demand response programs often utilize dynamic pricing models such as time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, variable peak pricing, critical peak pricing, critical time rebates or peak time rebates.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Smart metering and energy management systems provide detailed consumption and cost information, allowing building managers to make informed decisions concerning overall energy usage and energy use patterns at various time intervals. Demand response enabled devices such as smart thermostats and smart water heaters can signal consumers to adjust electricity consumption manually or allow utilities or aggregators to automatically turn off air-conditioning units or water heaters to avoid peak load issues (see <em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls, and Smart Meters</i></em>). Demand response programs can also signal buildings with on-site distributed energy generation, such as Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems and islandable photovoltaics, and energy storage capabilities to use, store, or sell renewable energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand (see <em><i>Alternative Transportation, Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation, Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready Solar PV, and Thermal Energy Storage</i></em>). Additionally, utilities can notify demand response participants of a potential grid failure, and incentivize participants to reduce energy use, switch to on-site generation, backup power or a combination of these load management strategies.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Incorporate a Demand Response Program or Peak Load Management? </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Check with your local utility or regional transmission organization such as PJM, to find out about available demand response programs, eligibility requirements, and offerings in your building’s service area. For example, PJM offers a list of Curtailment Service Providers (CSPs) that can assess available demand response offerings and customer eligibility. Smart energy management systems and smart metering technologies provide the data and two-way communication necessary for participation in many demand response programs (see <em><i>Smart Metering</i></em>). Other demand response enable devices may include lighting controls, thermostats, motors, pumps, and HVAC systems (see <em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<p>Peak load management strategies may include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Activating, or turning on equipment sequentially, rather than all at once.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><strong><sup><b>[5]</b></sup></strong></a></li>\n<li>“Coasting” the last hours of operation – turning down or off systems (such as temperature control, ventilation) while maintaining adequate levels of comfort.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><strong><sup><b>[6]</b></sup></strong></a></li>\n<li>Load shedding or switching non-critical loads such as HVAC systems, non-sensitive machines, and some lighting off during periods of maximum peak demands.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></sup></li>\n<li>Load shifting or moving consumption to off-peak periods, such as pre-cooling refrigerators or temperature set-points to a lower temperature and then allowing the temperature to rise naturally during a load reduction.</li>\n<li>Load-displacement or offsetting peak demand with on-site generation such as renewable sources and energy storage (see <em><i>Battery Storage and Backup Power, and</i></em> <em><i>Thermal Energy Storage</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Demand flexibility or communication and control technologies that allow significant loads to continuously respond to changing renewable supply levels, particularly wind and solar, and other market signals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.libertygreenguide.com/\">Liberty Property Trust – Demand Response</a></p>\n<p>Liberty Property Trust implemented smart grid technology including smart metering into their existing building portfolio to optimize energy efficiency and enable participation in demand response programs. A study conducted by the Rutgers Center for Green Building found that tenants do not notice or are not negatively affected by load shedding associated with participation in a demand response event.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.pjm.com/\">The PJM Interconnection (PJM)</a></p>\n<p>The PJM Interconnection (PJM), a regional transmission organization (RTO), offers two programs to New Jersey customers, the Economic Load Response Program and Emergency Capacity Program. In both programs, participants provide load reductions either through curtailing electricity use or operating on-site generation in exchange for wholesale electricity prices.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand Response programs supported by smart grid and smart metering infrastructure provide multiple benefits to utilities, energy consumers, and the grid. By accounting for the real-time cost, availability, and source of electricity, and reducing peak consumption, demand response programs:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encourage energy conservation and reduce overall energy consumption eliminating the need for building new or maintaining older, less-efficient standby energy plants, passing savings onto ratepayers in the form of reduced electrical bills or incentive payments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduce strain on the grid and increases grid reliability by reducing grid congestion, better balancing of supply and demand, and decreasing supply interruptions and losses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Facilitate the use and integration of cleaner energy sources by adjusting demand to match intermittent wind and solar supplies.</li>\n<li>Promote energy storage technologies, such as Vehicle-to-Grid (see <em><i>Battery Storage and Backup Power Generation and Thermal Energy Storage</i></em>) that can shift load consumption to optimal times or provide backup power to the grid like a generator and support distributed renewables generation.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Establishing a demand response program and offering dynamic pricing to reduce peak demand may be cheaper and faster for a utility than building a peaker plant to meet increased demand. Demand response programs can encourage customers to modify their consumption behavior and reduce electric bills. Smart building and demand response enabling technologies, including smart energy management systems and smart metering are becoming more user-friendly, cost-competitive and widespread in the marketplace. As distributed energy resource capacity, including battery storage, grows so does the ability to shift loads and take advantage of potential cost savings and incentives offered by demand response and dynamic pricing programs.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand response reduces stress on the electricity grid during times of prolonged disaster or shifts in weather. Demand response programs enable utility programs to reduce electricity demand, especially at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by avoiding system outages. Demand response programs also increase resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Connected Devices Alliance. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://cda.iea-4e.org\">https://cda.iea-4e.org</a> (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Applied Energy Journal  “Demand Side Management in a Day-Ahead Wholesale Market: A Comparison of Industrial &amp; Social Welfare Approaches” (MIT) <a href=\"https://amfarid.scripts.mit.edu/wpblog/tag/graph-theory/Flex\">https://amfarid.scripts.mit.edu/wpblog/tag/graph-theory/Flex</a> (accessed  April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Smart grids are electricity supply networks that use digital communications technology to detect and react to changes in energy supply and demand and manage the transport of electricity from generation sources to end users.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Smart Electric Power Alliance. 2017. “2017 Utility Demand Response Market Snapshot.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://sepapower.org/resource/2017-utility-demand-response-market-snapshot/thank-you/\">https://sepapower.org/resource/2017-utility-demand-response-market-snapshot/thank-you/</a> (accessed September 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> BOMA International. “30 Ways to Save Energy – for little or no cost.” <a href=\"http://www.boma.org/research/Documents/Find%20a%20Resource/BEEPChecklist_final.pdf\">http://www.boma.org/research/Documents/Find%20a%20Resource/BEEPChecklist_final.pdf</a> (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Energy Exchange. Peak Shaving. <a href=\"https://www.eex.gov.au/opportunity/peak-shaving\">https://www.eex.gov.au/opportunity/peak-shaving</a> (accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI). “Demand Flexibility: The Key to Enabling a Low-Cost, Low-Carbon Grid.” Insight Brief. Feb 2018. <a href=\"https://www.rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Insight_Brief_Demand_Flexibility_2018.pdf\">https://www.rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Insight_Brief_Demand_Flexibility_2018.pdf</a> (accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Handi Chandra Putra, Clinton J. Andrews, Jennifer A. Senick (2017). An agent-based model of building occupant behavior during load shedding. Building Simulation. An International Journal. DOI 10.1007/s12273-017-0384-x</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> ACEEE. “Demand response programs can reduce utilities’ peak demand an average of 10%, complementing savings from energy efficiency programs” <a href=\"http://aceee.org/blog/2017/02/demand-response-programs-can-reduce\">http://aceee.org/blog/2017/02/demand-response-programs-can-reduce</a>  (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> US DOE. “Benefits of Demand Response in Electricity Markets and Recommendations for Achieving Them.” <a href=\"https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/report-lbnl-1252d.pdf\">https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/report-lbnl-1252d.pdf</a>  (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ieadsm.org\">The IEA Demand-Side Management Programme</a><em><i> - An international collaboration of 20 countries working together to develop and promote opportunities for demand-side management (DSM)</i></em></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://drrc.lbl.gov/tools/demand-response-quick-assessment-tool-drqat\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – Demand Response Quick Assessment Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/bpu/commercial/demandresponse.html\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities – Commercial Demand Response Filings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://rmi.org/insights/reports/economics-demand-flexibility/\">Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) – Economics of Demand Flexibility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sepapower.org/about/\">Smart Electric Power Alliance (SEPA)</a><em><i> - The trade association for companies that provide products and services in the areas of demand response, smart meters and smart grid technologies</i></em></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/oe/services/electricity-policy-coordination-and-implementation/state-and-regional-policy-assistanc-4\">US DOE Demand Response</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>PJM</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/demand-response.aspx\">Demand Response – Data and Reports</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://learn.pjm.com/three-priorities/buying-and-selling-energy/markets-faqs/what-is-demand-response.aspx\">Demand Response FAQs</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>NJ Utility Demand Response Information</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.pseg.com/home/save/manage_costs/cycling_events.jsp\">PSEG</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/csp.html\">JCPL</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://energywiserewards.atlanticcityelectric.com/\">ACE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en/save-money/rebates-incentives-credits/rebates-incentives-tax-credits-for-commercial-and-industrial-customers/choose-smart-usage-rewards\">RECO</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1732-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:20:42','2022-04-18 15:20:42','',1732,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1736',0,'revision','',0),(1737,2,'2022-04-18 15:20:46','2022-04-18 15:20:46','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Demand Response and Peak Load Management\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Demand Response and Peak Load Management? </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand response refers to strategies employed by utilities that use time-based financial incentives to modify consumer electricity consumption during periods of peak demand, power scarcity, grid congestion or an anticipated grid outage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> The cost of electricity from the consumer’s perspective usually reflects the average cost to generate electricity throughout the day or year. Reducing peak demand reduces the cost of electricity by reducing the need for additional generation capacity and avoiding the construction and maintenance costs associated with “peakers” or standby energy plants. Utility companies often charge flat rates for energy consumption. These flat rates do not factor in the different costs of supplying energy during different times or usage levels. Energy usage peaks from air conditioner use on hot days and when people come home from work between the hours of 2 pm and 7 pm. Figure 1 illustrates the results of shifting energy use away from peak hours.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_269\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1198\"]<img class=\"wp-image-269 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Demand-Response-and-Peak-Load-Management-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Shifting Demand (Source: MIT).\" width=\"1198\" height=\"760\" /> Figure 1 – Shifting Demand (Source: MIT).[/caption]<p>Increased peak demand strains the electric system, increases emissions, and adds to energy costs. In a demand response program, building operators manage the amount and timing of energy consumption to maximize energy efficiency and reduce energy costs by shedding loads or shifting activities to off-peak hours, which often coincide with lower energy prices or incentive payments. Demand response may include interrupting demand for a short period or adjusting demand levels by shedding or shifting loads or storing energy. For example, building operators can manually adjust or automatically set HVAC systems to cycle off during periods of peak demand and to cycle back on during off-peak hours, potentially lowering energy use and electricity bills. Advances in smart grid infrastructure including smart metering technologies has expanded the range of available demand response programs and dynamic price offerings.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></sup> Demand response programs often utilize dynamic pricing models such as time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, variable peak pricing, critical peak pricing, critical time rebates or peak time rebates.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Smart metering and energy management systems provide detailed consumption and cost information, allowing building managers to make informed decisions concerning overall energy usage and energy use patterns at various time intervals. Demand response enabled devices such as smart thermostats and smart water heaters can signal consumers to adjust electricity consumption manually or allow utilities or aggregators to automatically turn off air-conditioning units or water heaters to avoid peak load issues (see <em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls, and Smart Meters</i></em>). Demand response programs can also signal buildings with on-site distributed energy generation, such as Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems and islandable photovoltaics, and energy storage capabilities to use, store, or sell renewable energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand (see <em><i>Alternative Transportation, Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation, Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready Solar PV, and Thermal Energy Storage</i></em>). Additionally, utilities can notify demand response participants of a potential grid failure, and incentivize participants to reduce energy use, switch to on-site generation, backup power or a combination of these load management strategies.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Incorporate a Demand Response Program or Peak Load Management? </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Check with your local utility or regional transmission organization such as PJM, to find out about available demand response programs, eligibility requirements, and offerings in your building’s service area. For example, PJM offers a list of Curtailment Service Providers (CSPs) that can assess available demand response offerings and customer eligibility. Smart energy management systems and smart metering technologies provide the data and two-way communication necessary for participation in many demand response programs (see <em><i>Smart Metering</i></em>). Other demand response enable devices may include lighting controls, thermostats, motors, pumps, and HVAC systems (see <em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<p>Peak load management strategies may include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Activating, or turning on equipment sequentially, rather than all at once.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><strong><sup><b>[5]</b></sup></strong></a></li>\n<li>“Coasting” the last hours of operation – turning down or off systems (such as temperature control, ventilation) while maintaining adequate levels of comfort.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><strong><sup><b>[6]</b></sup></strong></a></li>\n<li>Load shedding or switching non-critical loads such as HVAC systems, non-sensitive machines, and some lighting off during periods of maximum peak demands.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></sup></li>\n<li>Load shifting or moving consumption to off-peak periods, such as pre-cooling refrigerators or temperature set-points to a lower temperature and then allowing the temperature to rise naturally during a load reduction.</li>\n<li>Load-displacement or offsetting peak demand with on-site generation such as renewable sources and energy storage (see <em><i>Battery Storage and Backup Power, and</i></em> <em><i>Thermal Energy Storage</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Demand flexibility or communication and control technologies that allow significant loads to continuously respond to changing renewable supply levels, particularly wind and solar, and other market signals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.libertygreenguide.com/\">Liberty Property Trust – Demand Response</a></p>\n<p>Liberty Property Trust implemented smart grid technology including smart metering into their existing building portfolio to optimize energy efficiency and enable participation in demand response programs. A study conducted by the Rutgers Center for Green Building found that tenants do not notice or are not negatively affected by load shedding associated with participation in a demand response event.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.pjm.com/\">The PJM Interconnection (PJM)</a></p>\n<p>The PJM Interconnection (PJM), a regional transmission organization (RTO), offers two programs to New Jersey customers, the Economic Load Response Program and Emergency Capacity Program. In both programs, participants provide load reductions either through curtailing electricity use or operating on-site generation in exchange for wholesale electricity prices.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand Response programs supported by smart grid and smart metering infrastructure provide multiple benefits to utilities, energy consumers, and the grid. By accounting for the real-time cost, availability, and source of electricity, and reducing peak consumption, demand response programs:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encourage energy conservation and reduce overall energy consumption eliminating the need for building new or maintaining older, less-efficient standby energy plants, passing savings onto ratepayers in the form of reduced electrical bills or incentive payments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduce strain on the grid and increases grid reliability by reducing grid congestion, better balancing of supply and demand, and decreasing supply interruptions and losses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Facilitate the use and integration of cleaner energy sources by adjusting demand to match intermittent wind and solar supplies.</li>\n<li>Promote energy storage technologies, such as Vehicle-to-Grid (see <em><i>Battery Storage and Backup Power Generation and Thermal Energy Storage</i></em>) that can shift load consumption to optimal times or provide backup power to the grid like a generator and support distributed renewables generation.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Establishing a demand response program and offering dynamic pricing to reduce peak demand may be cheaper and faster for a utility than building a peaker plant to meet increased demand. Demand response programs can encourage customers to modify their consumption behavior and reduce electric bills. Smart building and demand response enabling technologies, including smart energy management systems and smart metering are becoming more user-friendly, cost-competitive and widespread in the marketplace. As distributed energy resource capacity, including battery storage, grows so does the ability to shift loads and take advantage of potential cost savings and incentives offered by demand response and dynamic pricing programs.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand response reduces stress on the electricity grid during times of prolonged disaster or shifts in weather. Demand response programs enable utility programs to reduce electricity demand, especially at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by avoiding system outages. Demand response programs also increase resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Connected Devices Alliance. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://cda.iea-4e.org\">https://cda.iea-4e.org</a> (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Applied Energy Journal  “Demand Side Management in a Day-Ahead Wholesale Market: A Comparison of Industrial &amp; Social Welfare Approaches” (MIT) <a href=\"https://amfarid.scripts.mit.edu/wpblog/tag/graph-theory/Flex\">https://amfarid.scripts.mit.edu/wpblog/tag/graph-theory/Flex</a> (accessed  April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Smart grids are electricity supply networks that use digital communications technology to detect and react to changes in energy supply and demand and manage the transport of electricity from generation sources to end users.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Smart Electric Power Alliance. 2017. “2017 Utility Demand Response Market Snapshot.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://sepapower.org/resource/2017-utility-demand-response-market-snapshot/thank-you/\">https://sepapower.org/resource/2017-utility-demand-response-market-snapshot/thank-you/</a> (accessed September 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> BOMA International. “30 Ways to Save Energy – for little or no cost.” <a href=\"http://www.boma.org/research/Documents/Find%20a%20Resource/BEEPChecklist_final.pdf\">http://www.boma.org/research/Documents/Find%20a%20Resource/BEEPChecklist_final.pdf</a> (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Energy Exchange. Peak Shaving. <a href=\"https://www.eex.gov.au/opportunity/peak-shaving\">https://www.eex.gov.au/opportunity/peak-shaving</a> (accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI). “Demand Flexibility: The Key to Enabling a Low-Cost, Low-Carbon Grid.” Insight Brief. Feb 2018. <a href=\"https://www.rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Insight_Brief_Demand_Flexibility_2018.pdf\">https://www.rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Insight_Brief_Demand_Flexibility_2018.pdf</a> (accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Handi Chandra Putra, Clinton J. Andrews, Jennifer A. Senick (2017). An agent-based model of building occupant behavior during load shedding. Building Simulation. An International Journal. DOI 10.1007/s12273-017-0384-x</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> ACEEE. “Demand response programs can reduce utilities’ peak demand an average of 10%, complementing savings from energy efficiency programs” <a href=\"http://aceee.org/blog/2017/02/demand-response-programs-can-reduce\">http://aceee.org/blog/2017/02/demand-response-programs-can-reduce</a>  (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> US DOE. “Benefits of Demand Response in Electricity Markets and Recommendations for Achieving Them.” <a href=\"https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/report-lbnl-1252d.pdf\">https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/report-lbnl-1252d.pdf</a>  (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ieadsm.org\">The IEA Demand-Side Management Programme</a><em><i> - An international collaboration of 20 countries working together to develop and promote opportunities for demand-side management (DSM)</i></em></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://drrc.lbl.gov/tools/demand-response-quick-assessment-tool-drqat\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – Demand Response Quick Assessment Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/bpu/commercial/demandresponse.html\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities – Commercial Demand Response Filings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://rmi.org/insights/reports/economics-demand-flexibility/\">Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) – Economics of Demand Flexibility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sepapower.org/about/\">Smart Electric Power Alliance (SEPA)</a><em><i> - The trade association for companies that provide products and services in the areas of demand response, smart meters and smart grid technologies</i></em></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/oe/services/electricity-policy-coordination-and-implementation/state-and-regional-policy-assistanc-4\">US DOE Demand Response</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>PJM</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/demand-response.aspx\">Demand Response – Data and Reports</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://learn.pjm.com/three-priorities/buying-and-selling-energy/markets-faqs/what-is-demand-response.aspx\">Demand Response FAQs</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>NJ Utility Demand Response Information</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.pseg.com/home/save/manage_costs/cycling_events.jsp\">PSEG</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/csp.html\">JCPL</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://energywiserewards.atlanticcityelectric.com/\">ACE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en/save-money/rebates-incentives-credits/rebates-incentives-tax-credits-for-commercial-and-industrial-customers/choose-smart-usage-rewards\">RECO</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Demand Response and Peak Load Management','','inherit','closed','closed','','1732-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:20:46','2022-04-18 15:20:46','',1732,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1737',0,'revision','',0),(1738,2,'2022-04-18 15:28:19','2022-04-18 15:28:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads?</strong></h2>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-527 alignright size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"494\" height=\"496\" />ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), labels energy-efficient products and practices using third-party certified testing to guarantee quality and performance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>On average, computers and electronics account for 7% of energy use in commercial buildings, and other uses or miscellaneous electronic loads (MELs) or plug load accounting for 38%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Plug load refers to any device plugged into the building’s electrical system including computers and monitors, task lighting, televisions, vending machines, kitchen equipment, and cell phone chargers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Replacing conventional appliances and office equipment and other electronic devices at the end of their useful life with ENERGY STAR labeled products and managing plug loads can save money through reduced energy consumption and associated cost savings. ENERGY STAR products are 10-25% more efficient than required by the federal standard.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Labeled products include commercial electronics such as computers as well as several types of appliances, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment, and water heaters.</p>\n<p>Most appliance and electronic stores carry ENERGY STAR certified equipment. For a complete list, see <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">ENERGY STAR certified products</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads </strong></h2>\n<p>Require ENERGY STAR appliances and equipment as part of your procurement and purchasing policy and educate staff on the benefits of labeled equipment and energy-saving behaviors.</p>\n<ol>\n<li><u>Step 1 </u>– Create an inventory list of necessary equipment.</li>\n<li><u>Step 2</u> – Purchase the most energy-efficient devices for the job. Estimate potential energy and cost savings using <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/save-energy/purchase-energy-saving-products\">ENERGY STAR calculators</a>.</li>\n<li><u>Step 3</u> – Check for available incentives and rebates:<br /><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/rebate-finder\">Energy Star Rebate Finder</a><br /><a href=\"http://www.dsireusa.org/\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)</a><br /><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/tools-and-resources/equipment-incentives/equi\">NJ Clean Energy Program Commercial Building Incentives</a></li>\n<li><u>Step 4</u>  – Follow the manufacturer’s instructions or hire a professional installer as poor installation can affect the performance of equipment.</li>\n<li><u>Step 5</u> – Manage plug loads. Eliminate or unplug unnecessary devices. Turn off or power down devices when not in use and use power management settings, timers, and advanced power plugs. Engage staff and make sure they understand why, when, and how to power down.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/save-energy/purchase-energy-saving-products/purchasing-case-studies\">ENERGY STAR Purchasing and Procurement Case Studies</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/published-findings/energy-management/advanced-power-strips-for-plug-load-control\">GSA Green Proving Ground (GPG): Advanced Power Strips for Plug Load Control</a></p>\n<p>A study conducted by the GSA Green Proving Ground Program found that advanced power strips (APS) that use pre-programmed timers to turn off equipment can reduce energy consumption by an average of 26% at workstations and by 50% in printer rooms and kitchens.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>By avoiding the need to generate electricity in the first place, energy-efficiency reduces emissions and air pollution related to producing energy including greenhouse gases, acidifying substances, ozone precursors, and particulate matter or precursors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The installation of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment and properly managing plug loads can reduce energy usage and lower energy and utility bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends product life and decreases maintenance</li>\n<li>Increase leasing and resale value of an energy-efficient building</li>\n<li>Lower operating costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>ENERGY STAR cost savings calculators provided the following data which shows expected energy savings by switching from a conventional product to an ENERGY STAR product. The example includes common appliances and office equipment found in existing municipal buildings. Assumptions based on ENERGY STAR value assumptions for the various products listed.</p>\n<p><u>Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></u></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_416\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1620\"]<img class=\"wp-image-416 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building\" width=\"1620\" height=\"512\" /> Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Use of ENERGY STAR certified products and managing plug loads reduces energy usage, increasing grid reliability and reducing utility costs.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ENERGY STAR. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. Page 24. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> New Buildings Institute. 2012. “Plug Load Best Practices Guide: Managing Your Office Equipment Plug Load.” <a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf\">https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> ENERGY STAR. “Lighting, Appliances, Office Equipment.” <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_reps_res_retail.pt_reps_res_retail\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_reps_res_retail.pt_reps_res_retail</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/building_recognition/building_certification/reasons_get_certified\">https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/building_recognition/building_certification/reasons_get_certified</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Table 1 – Expected energy savings by switching from a conventional product to an ENERGY STAR product. Annual Electric Savings (MWh) calculated per unit. All estimates based on the following per unit costs also used in New Jersey state energy plans and studies:14 $0.1316/kWh, $0.85/therm. Average Paybacks calculated with the following equation for each appliance:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>[average incremental cost] – [annual cost savings]*[years] = 0  Or: [average payback in years] = [average incremental cost] / [annual cost savings]</li>\n</ol>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cee1.org\">Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_find_es_products\">ENERGY STAR Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://greenelectronicscouncil.org/epeat/epeat-overview/\">Green Electronics Counci</a>l</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/tools-and-resources/equipment-incentives/equi\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program Commercial Equipment Incentives</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads','','','2022-06-22 19:59:09','2022-06-22 19:59:09','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1738',0,'post','',0),(1739,2,'2022-04-18 15:22:37','2022-04-18 15:22:37','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1738-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:22:37','2022-04-18 15:22:37','',1738,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1739',0,'revision','',0),(1741,2,'2022-04-18 15:28:19','2022-04-18 15:28:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads?</strong></h2>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-527 alignright size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"494\" height=\"496\" />ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), labels energy-efficient products and practices using third-party certified testing to guarantee quality and performance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>On average, computers and electronics account for 7% of energy use in commercial buildings, and other uses or miscellaneous electronic loads (MELs) or plug load accounting for 38%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Plug load refers to any device plugged into the building’s electrical system including computers and monitors, task lighting, televisions, vending machines, kitchen equipment, and cell phone chargers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Replacing conventional appliances and office equipment and other electronic devices at the end of their useful life with ENERGY STAR labeled products and managing plug loads can save money through reduced energy consumption and associated cost savings. ENERGY STAR products are 10-25% more efficient than required by the federal standard.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Labeled products include commercial electronics such as computers as well as several types of appliances, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment, and water heaters.</p>\n<p>Most appliance and electronic stores carry ENERGY STAR certified equipment. For a complete list, see <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">ENERGY STAR certified products</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads </strong></h2>\n<p>Require ENERGY STAR appliances and equipment as part of your procurement and purchasing policy and educate staff on the benefits of labeled equipment and energy-saving behaviors.</p>\n<ol>\n<li><u>Step 1 </u>– Create an inventory list of necessary equipment.</li>\n<li><u>Step 2</u> – Purchase the most energy-efficient devices for the job. Estimate potential energy and cost savings using <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/save-energy/purchase-energy-saving-products\">ENERGY STAR calculators</a>.</li>\n<li><u>Step 3</u> – Check for available incentives and rebates:<br /><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/rebate-finder\">Energy Star Rebate Finder</a><br /><a href=\"http://www.dsireusa.org/\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)</a><br /><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/tools-and-resources/equipment-incentives/equi\">NJ Clean Energy Program Commercial Building Incentives</a></li>\n<li><u>Step 4</u>  – Follow the manufacturer’s instructions or hire a professional installer as poor installation can affect the performance of equipment.</li>\n<li><u>Step 5</u> – Manage plug loads. Eliminate or unplug unnecessary devices. Turn off or power down devices when not in use and use power management settings, timers, and advanced power plugs. Engage staff and make sure they understand why, when, and how to power down.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/save-energy/purchase-energy-saving-products/purchasing-case-studies\">ENERGY STAR Purchasing and Procurement Case Studies</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/published-findings/energy-management/advanced-power-strips-for-plug-load-control\">GSA Green Proving Ground (GPG): Advanced Power Strips for Plug Load Control</a></p>\n<p>A study conducted by the GSA Green Proving Ground Program found that advanced power strips (APS) that use pre-programmed timers to turn off equipment can reduce energy consumption by an average of 26% at workstations and by 50% in printer rooms and kitchens.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>By avoiding the need to generate electricity in the first place, energy-efficiency reduces emissions and air pollution related to producing energy including greenhouse gases, acidifying substances, ozone precursors, and particulate matter or precursors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The installation of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment and properly managing plug loads can reduce energy usage and lower energy and utility bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends product life and decreases maintenance</li>\n<li>Increase leasing and resale value of an energy-efficient building</li>\n<li>Lower operating costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>ENERGY STAR cost savings calculators provided the following data which shows expected energy savings by switching from a conventional product to an ENERGY STAR product. The example includes common appliances and office equipment found in existing municipal buildings. Assumptions based on ENERGY STAR value assumptions for the various products listed.</p>\n<p><u>Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></u></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_416\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1620\"]<img class=\"wp-image-416 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building\" width=\"1620\" height=\"512\" /> Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Use of ENERGY STAR certified products and managing plug loads reduces energy usage, increasing grid reliability and reducing utility costs.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ENERGY STAR. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. Page 24. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> New Buildings Institute. 2012. “Plug Load Best Practices Guide: Managing Your Office Equipment Plug Load.” <a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf\">https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> ENERGY STAR. “Lighting, Appliances, Office Equipment.” <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_reps_res_retail.pt_reps_res_retail\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_reps_res_retail.pt_reps_res_retail</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification\">https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Table 1 – Expected energy savings by switching from a conventional product to an ENERGY STAR product. Annual Electric Savings (MWh) calculated per unit. All estimates based on the following per unit costs also used in New Jersey state energy plans and studies:14 $0.1316/kWh, $0.85/therm. Average Paybacks calculated with the following equation for each appliance:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>[average incremental cost] – [annual cost savings]*[years] = 0  Or: [average payback in years] = [average incremental cost] / [annual cost savings]</li>\n</ol>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cee1.org\">Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_find_es_products\">ENERGY STAR Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://greenelectronicscouncil.org/epeat/epeat-overview/\">Green Electronics Counci</a>l</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/tools-and-resources/equipment-incentives/equi\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program Commercial Equipment Incentives</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads','','inherit','closed','closed','','1738-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:28:19','2022-04-18 15:28:19','',1738,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1741',0,'revision','',0),(1742,2,'2022-04-18 15:28:19','2022-04-18 15:28:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads?</strong></h2>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-527 alignright size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"494\" height=\"496\" />ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), labels energy-efficient products and practices using third-party certified testing to guarantee quality and performance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>On average, computers and electronics account for 7% of energy use in commercial buildings, and other uses or miscellaneous electronic loads (MELs) or plug load accounting for 38%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Plug load refers to any device plugged into the building’s electrical system including computers and monitors, task lighting, televisions, vending machines, kitchen equipment, and cell phone chargers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Replacing conventional appliances and office equipment and other electronic devices at the end of their useful life with ENERGY STAR labeled products and managing plug loads can save money through reduced energy consumption and associated cost savings. ENERGY STAR products are 10-25% more efficient than required by the federal standard.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Labeled products include commercial electronics such as computers as well as several types of appliances, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment, and water heaters.</p>\n<p>Most appliance and electronic stores carry ENERGY STAR certified equipment. For a complete list, see <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">ENERGY STAR certified products</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads </strong></h2>\n<p>Require ENERGY STAR appliances and equipment as part of your procurement and purchasing policy and educate staff on the benefits of labeled equipment and energy-saving behaviors.</p>\n<ol>\n<li><u>Step 1 </u>– Create an inventory list of necessary equipment.</li>\n<li><u>Step 2</u> – Purchase the most energy-efficient devices for the job. Estimate potential energy and cost savings using <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/save-energy/purchase-energy-saving-products\">ENERGY STAR calculators</a>.</li>\n<li><u>Step 3</u> – Check for available incentives and rebates:<br /><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/rebate-finder\">Energy Star Rebate Finder</a><br /><a href=\"http://www.dsireusa.org/\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)</a><br /><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/tools-and-resources/equipment-incentives/equi\">NJ Clean Energy Program Commercial Building Incentives</a></li>\n<li><u>Step 4</u>  – Follow the manufacturer’s instructions or hire a professional installer as poor installation can affect the performance of equipment.</li>\n<li><u>Step 5</u> – Manage plug loads. Eliminate or unplug unnecessary devices. Turn off or power down devices when not in use and use power management settings, timers, and advanced power plugs. Engage staff and make sure they understand why, when, and how to power down.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/save-energy/purchase-energy-saving-products/purchasing-case-studies\">ENERGY STAR Purchasing and Procurement Case Studies</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/published-findings/energy-management/advanced-power-strips-for-plug-load-control\">GSA Green Proving Ground (GPG): Advanced Power Strips for Plug Load Control</a></p>\n<p>A study conducted by the GSA Green Proving Ground Program found that advanced power strips (APS) that use pre-programmed timers to turn off equipment can reduce energy consumption by an average of 26% at workstations and by 50% in printer rooms and kitchens.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>By avoiding the need to generate electricity in the first place, energy-efficiency reduces emissions and air pollution related to producing energy including greenhouse gases, acidifying substances, ozone precursors, and particulate matter or precursors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The installation of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment and properly managing plug loads can reduce energy usage and lower energy and utility bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends product life and decreases maintenance</li>\n<li>Increase leasing and resale value of an energy-efficient building</li>\n<li>Lower operating costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>ENERGY STAR cost savings calculators provided the following data which shows expected energy savings by switching from a conventional product to an ENERGY STAR product. The example includes common appliances and office equipment found in existing municipal buildings. Assumptions based on ENERGY STAR value assumptions for the various products listed.</p>\n<p><u>Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></u></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_416\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1620\"]<img class=\"wp-image-416 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building\" width=\"1620\" height=\"512\" /> Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Use of ENERGY STAR certified products and managing plug loads reduces energy usage, increasing grid reliability and reducing utility costs.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ENERGY STAR. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. Page 24. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> New Buildings Institute. 2012. “Plug Load Best Practices Guide: Managing Your Office Equipment Plug Load.” <a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf\">https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> ENERGY STAR. “Lighting, Appliances, Office Equipment.” <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_reps_res_retail.pt_reps_res_retail\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_reps_res_retail.pt_reps_res_retail</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification\">https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Table 1 – Expected energy savings by switching from a conventional product to an ENERGY STAR product. Annual Electric Savings (MWh) calculated per unit. All estimates based on the following per unit costs also used in New Jersey state energy plans and studies:14 $0.1316/kWh, $0.85/therm. Average Paybacks calculated with the following equation for each appliance:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>[average incremental cost] – [annual cost savings]*[years] = 0  Or: [average payback in years] = [average incremental cost] / [annual cost savings]</li>\n</ol>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cee1.org\">Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_find_es_products\">ENERGY STAR Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://greenelectronicscouncil.org/epeat/epeat-overview/\">Green Electronics Counci</a>l</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/tools-and-resources/equipment-incentives/equi\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program Commercial Equipment Incentives</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1738-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:28:19','2022-04-18 15:28:19','',1738,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1742',0,'revision','',0),(1743,2,'2022-04-18 15:28:23','2022-04-18 15:28:23','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads?</strong></h2>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-527 alignright size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"494\" height=\"496\" />ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), labels energy-efficient products and practices using third-party certified testing to guarantee quality and performance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>On average, computers and electronics account for 7% of energy use in commercial buildings, and other uses or miscellaneous electronic loads (MELs) or plug load accounting for 38%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Plug load refers to any device plugged into the building’s electrical system including computers and monitors, task lighting, televisions, vending machines, kitchen equipment, and cell phone chargers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Replacing conventional appliances and office equipment and other electronic devices at the end of their useful life with ENERGY STAR labeled products and managing plug loads can save money through reduced energy consumption and associated cost savings. ENERGY STAR products are 10-25% more efficient than required by the federal standard.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Labeled products include commercial electronics such as computers as well as several types of appliances, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment, and water heaters.</p>\n<p>Most appliance and electronic stores carry ENERGY STAR certified equipment. For a complete list, see <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">ENERGY STAR certified products</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads </strong></h2>\n<p>Require ENERGY STAR appliances and equipment as part of your procurement and purchasing policy and educate staff on the benefits of labeled equipment and energy-saving behaviors.</p>\n<ol>\n<li><u>Step 1 </u>– Create an inventory list of necessary equipment.</li>\n<li><u>Step 2</u> – Purchase the most energy-efficient devices for the job. Estimate potential energy and cost savings using <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/save-energy/purchase-energy-saving-products\">ENERGY STAR calculators</a>.</li>\n<li><u>Step 3</u> – Check for available incentives and rebates:<br /><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/rebate-finder\">Energy Star Rebate Finder</a><br /><a href=\"http://www.dsireusa.org/\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)</a><br /><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/tools-and-resources/equipment-incentives/equi\">NJ Clean Energy Program Commercial Building Incentives</a></li>\n<li><u>Step 4</u>  – Follow the manufacturer’s instructions or hire a professional installer as poor installation can affect the performance of equipment.</li>\n<li><u>Step 5</u> – Manage plug loads. Eliminate or unplug unnecessary devices. Turn off or power down devices when not in use and use power management settings, timers, and advanced power plugs. Engage staff and make sure they understand why, when, and how to power down.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/save-energy/purchase-energy-saving-products/purchasing-case-studies\">ENERGY STAR Purchasing and Procurement Case Studies</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/published-findings/energy-management/advanced-power-strips-for-plug-load-control\">GSA Green Proving Ground (GPG): Advanced Power Strips for Plug Load Control</a></p>\n<p>A study conducted by the GSA Green Proving Ground Program found that advanced power strips (APS) that use pre-programmed timers to turn off equipment can reduce energy consumption by an average of 26% at workstations and by 50% in printer rooms and kitchens.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>By avoiding the need to generate electricity in the first place, energy-efficiency reduces emissions and air pollution related to producing energy including greenhouse gases, acidifying substances, ozone precursors, and particulate matter or precursors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The installation of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment and properly managing plug loads can reduce energy usage and lower energy and utility bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends product life and decreases maintenance</li>\n<li>Increase leasing and resale value of an energy-efficient building</li>\n<li>Lower operating costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>ENERGY STAR cost savings calculators provided the following data which shows expected energy savings by switching from a conventional product to an ENERGY STAR product. The example includes common appliances and office equipment found in existing municipal buildings. Assumptions based on ENERGY STAR value assumptions for the various products listed.</p>\n<p><u>Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></u></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_416\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1620\"]<img class=\"wp-image-416 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building\" width=\"1620\" height=\"512\" /> Table 1 – Scenario based on a 20,000 sq. ft. building[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Use of ENERGY STAR certified products and managing plug loads reduces energy usage, increasing grid reliability and reducing utility costs.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ENERGY STAR. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. Page 24. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> New Buildings Institute. 2012. “Plug Load Best Practices Guide: Managing Your Office Equipment Plug Load.” <a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf\">https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> ENERGY STAR. “Lighting, Appliances, Office Equipment.” <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_reps_res_retail.pt_reps_res_retail\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_reps_res_retail.pt_reps_res_retail</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification\">https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Table 1 – Expected energy savings by switching from a conventional product to an ENERGY STAR product. Annual Electric Savings (MWh) calculated per unit. All estimates based on the following per unit costs also used in New Jersey state energy plans and studies:14 $0.1316/kWh, $0.85/therm. Average Paybacks calculated with the following equation for each appliance:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>[average incremental cost] – [annual cost savings]*[years] = 0  Or: [average payback in years] = [average incremental cost] / [annual cost savings]</li>\n</ol>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cee1.org\">Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_find_es_products\">ENERGY STAR Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://greenelectronicscouncil.org/epeat/epeat-overview/\">Green Electronics Counci</a>l</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/tools-and-resources/equipment-incentives/equi\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program Commercial Equipment Incentives</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Loads','','inherit','closed','closed','','1738-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:28:23','2022-04-18 15:28:23','',1738,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1743',0,'revision','',0),(1744,2,'2022-04-18 15:29:48','2022-04-18 15:29:48','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Cleaning\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Cleaning? </strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning refers to using cleaning products and procedures that minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Cleaning with green or natural products can lower airborne particulate matter concentration and improve indoor air quality. Comprehensive green cleaning programs prioritize environmental and health issues as well as the appearance of the facility.</p>\n<p>The commercial cleaning industry uses an estimated 8 billion pounds of chemicals and nearly 4.5 billion pounds of paper products annually, and a shift to greener cleaning has the potential for a significant impact on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Some cleaning products can have human health impacts such as burns or respiratory or skin, eye, nose, throat problems on skin contact or through inhalation exposure, while others may contribute to long-term health problems such as cancer or disruption to the endocrine system. Chlorine bleach or ammonia, which are found in many toilet and drain cleaners, can be corrosive. These chemicals can cause immediate health problems upon skin and inhalation exposure as well as damage to the environment when they go down the drain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> </sup>When harsh chemical use is necessary, use appropriate gloves to avoid or minimize skin exposure. It is also essential to have good air circulation in the room while cleaning and never mix two different types of cleaners, particularly if the products contain chlorine (bleach) and ammonia.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_249\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-249 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Green-Cleaning-Fig-1-300x198.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" /> Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption]<p>Green cleaning programs prioritize non-toxic cleaning products and low-impact cleaning equipment and reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Green cleaning is not just about products but also about cleaning procedures such as using the appropriate quantity of the right product for a specific job or reducing the frequency of labor-intensive tasks by using less intensive cleaning and maintenance activities more often. Simple changes such as limiting food consumption to specific areas can reduce cleaning needs and can also be part of an integrated pest management plan, reducing the need for toxic pest management chemicals in the building (see <em>Integrated Pest Management</em>). Green cleaning requires a holistic approach that includes the careful selection and use of products and equipment, a reevaluation of cleaning procedures, comprehensive custodial training, and orientation to green cleaning policies and procedures for all building occupants.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Green Cleaning </strong></h2>\n<p>As part of a building’s Operations &amp; Maintenance plan, develop a green cleaning program that prioritizes green or natural products, green cleaning services, and training staff in green cleaning practices <em>(</em>see <em>Operator and Occupant Training</em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_469\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-469 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Green-Cleaning-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"878\" height=\"214\" /> Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]<p>The Healthy Children and Family Study, conducted by Rutgers University, found that the use of a mop with a microfiber cloth and the use of vinegar and baking soda as cleaners lowered airborne particulate matter concentration. Vacuuming with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters help remove particulate matter and volatile organic compounds from the air.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) refers to products or services that have less impact on human health and the environment than competing products or services that serve the same purpose.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Choose environmentally preferable products that are rated green by independent, third-party organizations such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">Greenguard</a>, <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, or <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/learn-about-safer-choice-label\">US EPA’s Safer Choice program</a>. It is also important to check product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).  Custodial equipment, such as vacuums, and green cleaning services can also earn third-party certification through programs like the <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/seal-of-approval-program/vacuums/\">Carpet and Rug Institute Seal of Approval Program</a> and <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/products-services/\">Green Seal</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a green cleaning program offers the following benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect the health and safety of building occupants and cleaning professionals.</li>\n<li>Reduce toxic chemicals in the indoor and outdoor environment and reduce the amount of hazardous waste requiring disposal.</li>\n<li>Improve indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Promote better inventory management of chemicals and equipment.</li>\n<li>Reduce liability through safety training.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Over the long-term, green cleaning can reduce the total cost of cleaning through reducing or eliminating hazardous cleaning chemicals. Because there are fewer toxic chemicals that employees must work with, liability exposure also is reduced. Similarly, with fewer toxic chemicals to store, track, maintain and dispose of, the cost of complying with regulatory requirements is reduced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> The University of Georgia’s facilities cleaning program, implemented by the Physical Plant’s building services’ department, earned recognition for a focus on cost-saving and workplace safety. The program covers 9.7 million square feet and includes a Building Services Academy that trains all department employees in green cleaning policies and procedures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The University of Georgia’s program documented benefits such as a decrease in employee respiratory complaints associated with cleaning chemicals, a decrease in the number of severe employee injuries from slips/falls, and significant cost savings from transitioning from traditional cleaners to green cleaners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many green cleaning products are cost-competitive with traditional products, and green cleaning programs offer the added benefit of protecting human health and the environment. Also, when combined with daily cleaning, green cleaning can reduce a building’s energy usage by not requiring additional energy usage during off hours.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning reduces the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals and products that can pose health hazards to the public and damage to natural resources. Reducing the need to store toxic chemicals and products helps reduce the risk, and danger of toxic substances spills or releases into the environment during an extreme event such as flooding or other disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Minimizing the risk of toxic material spills and leaks help protect the public as well as those engaged in clean up and remediation activities, making it easier to recover after an unexpected event.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program. <a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program--8382\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program–8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> American Lung Association. Cleaning Supplies and Household Chemicals. <a href=\"https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html\">https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Cleveland Clinic. Household Chemical Products and Their Health Risks. <a href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk\">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk</a> (accessed March 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Andrews, C.J., Mainelis, G., Wener, R., Sorensen Allacci, M., Plotnik, D., Senick, J., Feygina, I., Autote, O., Ramkumar, S., Pryce, T., Marathe, R. and Ding, J. “Expanding the Definition of Green: Impacts of Green and Active Living Design on Health in Low Income Housing: Added Value of Behavioral Interventions as part of an Integrated Service Delivery Model”. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building &amp; Associates for U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2013. At http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HUD-Expanding-the-Definition-of-Green-Healthy-Families-Study-2013_FINAL_revised.pdf (accessed March 21, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program.  <a href=\"https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382\">https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> UGA Today. Building excellence: green cleaning program earns two national honors. <a href=\"https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/\">https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> American School &amp; University Magazine. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. <a href=\"https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia\">https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Sciencecorps. Chemical Hazards in Flood and Disasters. <a href=\"http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/\">http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/new-commercial/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ewg.org/guides/cleaners/content/methodology\">EWG’s Guide to Healthy Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">US EPA Greening Your Purchase of Cleaning Products: A Guide for Federal Purchasers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice\">US EPA Safer Choice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts\">US EPA Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Green Cleaning','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-green-cleaning','','','2022-06-23 18:47:55','2022-06-23 18:47:55','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1744',0,'post','',0),(1745,2,'2022-04-18 15:29:18','2022-04-18 15:29:18','','NC Green Cleaning','','inherit','closed','closed','','1744-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:29:18','2022-04-18 15:29:18','',1744,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1745',0,'revision','',0),(1747,2,'2022-04-18 15:29:48','2022-04-18 15:29:48','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Cleaning\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>What is Active Living?</h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption]\n<h2>How to Implement Active Living</h2>\n<p>Design strategies that contribute to active living should be considered early in project development and an integrated design process will optimize opportunities and help minimize costs.  Equitable planning is key as “healthy” communities are often limited to those who can afford them. Communities of color and immigrant populations are increasingly occupying suburbs that often have limited safe and accessible walking and biking options.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States face health disparities including higher rates of chronic disease.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>  The NJ Department of Health’s State Health Assessment Data (<a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/health/shad\">NJSHAD</a>) provides searchable data about the health of the population in NJ that can help inform decision-making. Key recommended measures for implementing active living in developing a site include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Develop mixed land use in neighborhoods and maintain existing mixed conditions.</li>\n<li>Incorporate pedestrian-friendly design including traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Create continuous bike networks and incorporate bicycle infrastructure including indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>Ensure a pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists by including, pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Provide easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Design public spaces to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Improve access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Improve the access and availability of healthy food by providing easy access to local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>De-emphasize motor vehicle parking, avoid expansive parking lots, and locate necessary parking in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into building design. Steps that architects can take to promote physical activity within their structures incorporate some of the following:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encouraging stair use by placing the main stairway in a convenient location for everyday use as well as signage encouraging the use of stairs over elevators. Stairs should also be designed to be visually pleasing and inviting with ample daylight or electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Incorporating exercise facilities in easily visible locations as well as providing locker rooms, showers, drinking fountains, and bicycle storage.</li>\n<li>Designing the building exterior and envelope to contribute to a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere and including a variety of entries and canopies.</li>\n<li>Improving the access and availability of healthy food by providing on-site gardens on rooftops, in courtyards or on patio spaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden to address community health with an action plan that includes adopting a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a key factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are important sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences.  <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Aces Connection. Resilient Communities are Healthy Communities. <a href=\"https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities\">https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity.  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program <a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a> (accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity <a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a> (accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Leadership for Healthy Communities. <a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living. <a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a> (accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.” <a href=\"http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a> (accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Waters, Hugh and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight. <a href=\"https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities. <a href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Work Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.activelivingresearch.org/\">Active Living Research</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/Vid_ActiveLiving.html\">American Society of Landscape Architects – Designing for Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org\">Center for Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://chnj.njpn.org/focus-areas/active-living-and-healthy-eating/\">Coalition for a Healthy New Jersey – Active Living &amp; Healthy Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://46u0j30o449zq8181dfurbcj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/FitCity10_Report_101615_SinglePg_Final_299.pdf\">FitCity10 – Promoting Physical Activity through Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://healthyplacesbydesign.org\">Healthy Places by Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bikewalk.org/pdfs/2010/IPA_full.pdf\">Increasing Physical Activity Through Community Design: A Guide for Public Health Practitioners and Livable Community Advocates</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.asla.org/contentdetail.aspx?id=23888\">Livable Communities Resource Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njbikeped.org/complete-streets-2/\">NJ Bicycle and Pedestrian Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.njhcn.org\">NJ Healthy Community Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/active-design.page&lt;/a\">New York City Department of Design and Construction – Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/hnj2020/\">State of NJ Department of Health – Healthy New Jersey 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=37&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=7e527b7b529d8e87b7cae5ad2c9a5b74\">Sustainable Jersey – Building Healthier Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">US Department of Health and Human Services – Active Living</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Green Cleaning','','inherit','closed','closed','','1744-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:29:48','2022-04-18 15:29:48','',1744,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1747',0,'revision','',0),(1749,2,'2022-04-18 15:32:25','2022-04-18 15:32:25','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Cleaning\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Cleaning? </strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning refers to using cleaning products and procedures that minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Cleaning with green or natural products can lower airborne particulate matter concentration and improve indoor air quality. Comprehensive green cleaning programs prioritize environmental and health issues as well as the appearance of the facility.</p>\n<p>The commercial cleaning industry uses an estimated 8 billion pounds of chemicals and nearly 4.5 billion pounds of paper products annually, and a shift to greener cleaning has the potential for a significant impact on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Some cleaning products can have human health impacts such as burns or respiratory or skin, eye, nose, throat problems on skin contact or through inhalation exposure, while others may contribute to long-term health problems such as cancer or disruption to the endocrine system. Chlorine bleach or ammonia, which are found in many toilet and drain cleaners, can be corrosive. These chemicals can cause immediate health problems upon skin and inhalation exposure as well as damage to the environment when they go down the drain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> </sup>When harsh chemical use is necessary, use appropriate gloves to avoid or minimize skin exposure. It is also essential to have good air circulation in the room while cleaning and never mix two different types of cleaners, particularly if the products contain chlorine (bleach) and ammonia.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_249\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-249 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Green-Cleaning-Fig-1-300x198.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" /> Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption]<p>Green cleaning programs prioritize non-toxic cleaning products and low-impact cleaning equipment and reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Green cleaning is not just about products but also about cleaning procedures such as using the appropriate quantity of the right product for a specific job or reducing the frequency of labor-intensive tasks by using less intensive cleaning and maintenance activities more often. Simple changes such as limiting food consumption to specific areas can reduce cleaning needs and can also be part of an integrated pest management plan, reducing the need for toxic pest management chemicals in the building (see <em>Integrated Pest Management</em>). Green cleaning requires a holistic approach that includes the careful selection and use of products and equipment, a reevaluation of cleaning procedures, comprehensive custodial training, and orientation to green cleaning policies and procedures for all building occupants.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Green Cleaning </strong></h2>\n<p>As part of a building’s Operations &amp; Maintenance plan, develop a green cleaning program that prioritizes green or natural products, green cleaning services, and training staff in green cleaning practices <em>(</em>see <em>Operator and Occupant Training</em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_469\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-469 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Green-Cleaning-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"878\" height=\"214\" /> Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]<p>The Healthy Children and Family Study, conducted by Rutgers University, found that the use of a mop with a microfiber cloth and the use of vinegar and baking soda as cleaners lowered airborne particulate matter concentration. Vacuuming with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters help remove particulate matter and volatile organic compounds from the air.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) refers to products or services that have less impact on human health and the environment than competing products or services that serve the same purpose.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Choose environmentally preferable products that are rated green by independent, third-party organizations such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">Greenguard</a>, <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, or <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/learn-about-safer-choice-label\">US EPA’s Safer Choice program</a>. It is also important to check product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).  Custodial equipment, such as vacuums, and green cleaning services can also earn third-party certification through programs like the <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/seal-of-approval-program/vacuums/\">Carpet and Rug Institute Seal of Approval Program</a> and <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/products-services/\">Green Seal</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a green cleaning program offers the following benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect the health and safety of building occupants and cleaning professionals.</li>\n<li>Reduce toxic chemicals in the indoor and outdoor environment and reduce the amount of hazardous waste requiring disposal.</li>\n<li>Improve indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Promote better inventory management of chemicals and equipment.</li>\n<li>Reduce liability through safety training.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Over the long-term, green cleaning can reduce the total cost of cleaning through reducing or eliminating hazardous cleaning chemicals. Because there are fewer toxic chemicals that employees must work with, liability exposure also is reduced. Similarly, with fewer toxic chemicals to store, track, maintain and dispose of, the cost of complying with regulatory requirements is reduced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> The University of Georgia’s facilities cleaning program, implemented by the Physical Plant’s building services’ department, earned recognition for a focus on cost-saving and workplace safety. The program covers 9.7 million square feet and includes a Building Services Academy that trains all department employees in green cleaning policies and procedures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The University of Georgia’s program documented benefits such as a decrease in employee respiratory complaints associated with cleaning chemicals, a decrease in the number of severe employee injuries from slips/falls, and significant cost savings from transitioning from traditional cleaners to green cleaners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many green cleaning products are cost-competitive with traditional products, and green cleaning programs offer the added benefit of protecting human health and the environment. Also, when combined with daily cleaning, green cleaning can reduce a building’s energy usage by not requiring additional energy usage during off hours.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning reduces the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals and products that can pose health hazards to the public and damage to natural resources. Reducing the need to store toxic chemicals and products helps reduce the risk, and danger of toxic substances spills or releases into the environment during an extreme event such as flooding or other disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Minimizing the risk of toxic material spills and leaks help protect the public as well as those engaged in clean up and remediation activities, making it easier to recover after an unexpected event.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program. <a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program--8382\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program–8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> American Lung Association. Cleaning Supplies and Household Chemicals. <a href=\"https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html\">https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Cleveland Clinic. Household Chemical Products and Their Health Risks. <a href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk\">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk</a> (accessed March 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Andrews, C.J., Mainelis, G., Wener, R., Sorensen Allacci, M., Plotnik, D., Senick, J., Feygina, I., Autote, O., Ramkumar, S., Pryce, T., Marathe, R. and Ding, J. “Expanding the Definition of Green: Impacts of Green and Active Living Design on Health in Low Income Housing: Added Value of Behavioral Interventions as part of an Integrated Service Delivery Model”. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building &amp; Associates for U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2013. At http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HUD-Expanding-the-Definition-of-Green-Healthy-Families-Study-2013_FINAL_revised.pdf (accessed March 21, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program.  <a href=\"https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382\">https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> UGA Today. Building excellence: green cleaning program earns two national honors. <a href=\"https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/\">https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> American School &amp; University Magazine. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. <a href=\"https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia\">https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Sciencecorps. Chemical Hazards in Flood and Disasters. <a href=\"http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/\">http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/new-commercial/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ewg.org/guides/cleaners/content/methodology\">EWG’s Guide to Healthy Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">US EPA Greening Your Purchase of Cleaning Products: A Guide for Federal Purchasers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice\">US EPA Safer Choice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts\">US EPA Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Green Cleaning','','inherit','closed','closed','','1744-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:32:25','2022-04-18 15:32:25','',1744,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1749',0,'revision','',0),(1750,2,'2022-04-18 15:43:32','2022-04-18 15:43:32','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Power\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Power?</strong></h2>\n<p>Green power refers to renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit including electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, some forms of biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources (i.e., do not impact land use and fisheries).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Buildings get their power from a mix of energy sources with varying levels of environmental impacts and benefits (see Figure 1). Electricity generated from coal, nuclear, oil, natural gas, wind, and solar all goes to the same grid (see Figure 2). Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) represent 1 MWh of renewable electricity generation and provide proof of the electricity generated by green power.</p>\n<p>Energy-efficient commercial buildings that are not ideally suited for on-site renewable energy generation can choose to switch to green energy or purchase RECs to help offset their environmental and carbon footprints on a voluntary basis or to meet corporate sustainability goals or other mandates.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_252\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1390\"]<img class=\"wp-image-252 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).\" width=\"1390\" height=\"848\" /> Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_207\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1388\"]<img class=\"wp-image-207 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).\" width=\"1388\" height=\"634\" /> Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Purchase Green Energy</strong></h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act (EDECA) of 1999 (N.J.S.A. 48:3-49) separated the supply portion of the electric rate from the delivery portion, providing the consumer the opportunity to select among third-party electricity suppliers licensed by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU). Consumers can make decisions on a variety of factors including cost or energy efficiency and sources of electricity generation (e.g., nuclear, natural gas, oil, solar).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Through the purchase of green power, a building does not necessarily receive renewable energy directly, but instead, the purchase of renewable energy increases the percentage that renewable sources (e.g., solar and wind) that contribute to power production within the region. Table 1 lists various ways to purchase green energy.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_430\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1174\"]<img class=\"wp-image-430 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).\" width=\"1174\" height=\"962\" /> Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).[/caption]<p>Commercial electricity consumers may choose to purchase RECs, contract with a green energy supplier or participate in a utility-sponsored green energy program. Green power products and programs often require customers to pay a premium over the standard electric price in return for green power (i.e., electricity bundled with RECs) but the utility continues to provide the electric transmission and distribution in the same way as a regular electric customer.</p>\n<p>Note that green power supply options depend on available renewable energy resources and projects, and state and utility policies and programs. Check with your utility provider for available programs and current incentives. Other options include Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) that directly support specific renewable energy projects.</p>\n<p>The decision to purchase green power involves identifying and comparing green power options among verified, third-party certified green power providers that meet nationally-accepted standards for product quality. At this time, the <a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a> is the only organization that certifies and independently verifies green power products in the United States.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Conventional electricity relies on fossil fuels and produces significant air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Green power provides the following environmental and sustainable marketing benefits:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supports renewable energy resource and technology development either directly through PPAs and bundled green power products or indirectly through RECs.</li>\n<li>Reduces a business’s carbon footprint associated with electricity consumption.</li>\n<li>Serves as a marketing tool to demonstrate a business’s commitment to sustainability goals.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.communityenergyinc.com/projects/new-jersey-solar\">Jacobstown Solar Farm, Burlington County, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Jacobstown Solar project, by Community Energy, Inc., provides green power to the Jersey Central Power &amp; Light (JCP&amp;L) regional electric grid and helps farmland preservation in the area by providing a source of local revenue. Landscaping on the site matches the rural surroundings and plantings of low mow turf grass reduce stormwater runoff and improve soil conditions for future agricultural uses. When NJ businesses choose to purchase green power, they support solar companies like Community Energy, Inc. and projects like the Jacobstown Solar Farm, that provide local sources of renewable energy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>While a switch to green power does not require any upfront capital costs, currently there exists a cost premium for green power of about 2 to 4 cents per kWh.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Prices for green power vary also depending on a variety of factors, including:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supply and demand variability</li>\n<li>Product type (e.g., RECs, PPAs, utility or competitive green power products)</li>\n<li>Purchase volume (e.g., total kilowatt-hours)</li>\n<li>Contract length (e.g., short- or long-term)</li>\n<li>Resource and technology type (e.g., solar, wind)</li>\n<li>Geography (e.g., local versus national)</li>\n<li>Certification and verification status</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A switch to green power provides resiliency benefits by helping to diversify and strengthen the electric power grid through the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar and by supporting local renewable energy generators and distributed renewable energy (DER) projects.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Green Power Partnership. “What is Green Power?” <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210915162855/https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> State of New Jersey. NJ Power Switch. Know Your Rights. <a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/\">https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Green Power Partnership. Green Power Benefits. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210915162901/https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Commercial Electric Rates for NJ based on 12-month contract for buildings with utility bills ranging from less than $1,000 to over $5000. <a href=\"https://www.electricrate.com\">https://www.electricrate.com</a> (accessed April 9, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/\">Biomass Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-geothermal-energy-systems/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-wind-energy-systems/\">On-site Wind Generation Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-pv-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.bpu.state.nj.us/bpu/index.shtml\">NJ Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/\">NJ Power Switch</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210914170320/https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/switch-green-power\">US EPA – Switch to Green Power</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Jersey Energy Delivery Companies (EDCs)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Atlantic City Electric Company</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/content/customer/jersey_central_power_light.html\">JCP&amp;L</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en\">Rockland Electric</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.pseg.com/\">PSE&amp;G</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Green Power','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-green-power','','','2022-06-23 18:04:18','2022-06-23 18:04:18','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1750',0,'post','',0),(1751,2,'2022-04-18 15:36:34','2022-04-18 15:36:34','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1750-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:36:34','2022-04-18 15:36:34','',1750,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1751',0,'revision','',0),(1753,2,'2022-04-18 15:43:32','2022-04-18 15:43:32','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Power\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Power?</strong></h2>\n<p>Green power refers to renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit including electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, some forms of biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources (i.e., do not impact land use and fisheries).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Buildings get their power from a mix of energy sources with varying levels of environmental impacts and benefits (see Figure 1). Electricity generated from coal, nuclear, oil, natural gas, wind, and solar all goes to the same grid (see Figure 2). Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) represent 1 MWh of renewable electricity generation and provide proof of the electricity generated by green power.</p>\n<p>Energy-efficient commercial buildings that are not ideally suited for on-site renewable energy generation can choose to switch to green energy or purchase RECs to help offset their environmental and carbon footprints on a voluntary basis or to meet corporate sustainability goals or other mandates.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_252\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1390\"]<img class=\"wp-image-252 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).\" width=\"1390\" height=\"848\" /> Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_207\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1388\"]<img class=\"wp-image-207 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).\" width=\"1388\" height=\"634\" /> Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Purchase Green Energy</strong></h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act (EDECA) of 1999 (N.J.S.A. 48:3-49) separated the supply portion of the electric rate from the delivery portion, providing the consumer the opportunity to select among third-party electricity suppliers licensed by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU). Consumers can make decisions on a variety of factors including cost or energy efficiency and sources of electricity generation (e.g., nuclear, natural gas, oil, solar).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Through the purchase of green power, a building does not necessarily receive renewable energy directly, but instead, the purchase of renewable energy increases the percentage that renewable sources (e.g., solar and wind) that contribute to power production within the region. Table 1 lists various ways to purchase green energy.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_430\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1174\"]<img class=\"wp-image-430 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).\" width=\"1174\" height=\"962\" /> Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).[/caption]<p>Commercial electricity consumers may choose to purchase RECs, contract with a green energy supplier or participate in a utility-sponsored green energy program. Green power products and programs often require customers to pay a premium over the standard electric price in return for green power (i.e., electricity bundled with RECs) but the utility continues to provide the electric transmission and distribution in the same way as a regular electric customer.</p>\n<p>Note that green power supply options depend on available renewable energy resources and projects, and state and utility policies and programs. Check with your utility provider for available programs and current incentives. Other options include Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) that directly support specific renewable energy projects.</p>\n<p>The decision to purchase green power involves identifying and comparing green power options among verified, third-party certified green power providers that meet nationally-accepted standards for product quality. At this time, the <a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a> is the only organization that certifies and independently verifies green power products in the United States.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Conventional electricity relies on fossil fuels and produces significant air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Green power provides the following environmental and sustainable marketing benefits:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supports renewable energy resource and technology development either directly through PPAs and bundled green power products or indirectly through RECs.</li>\n<li>Reduces a business’s carbon footprint associated with electricity consumption.</li>\n<li>Serves as a marketing tool to demonstrate a business’s commitment to sustainability goals.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.communityenergyinc.com/projects/new-jersey-solar\">Jacobstown Solar Farm, Burlington County, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Jacobstown Solar project, by Community Energy, Inc., provides green power to the Jersey Central Power &amp; Light (JCP&amp;L) regional electric grid and helps farmland preservation in the area by providing a source of local revenue. Landscaping on the site matches the rural surroundings and plantings of low mow turf grass reduce stormwater runoff and improve soil conditions for future agricultural uses. When NJ businesses choose to purchase green power, they support solar companies like Community Energy, Inc. and projects like the Jacobstown Solar Farm, that provide local sources of renewable energy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>While a switch to green power does not require any upfront capital costs, currently there exists a cost premium for green power of about 2 to 4 cents per kWh.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Prices for green power vary also depending on a variety of factors, including:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supply and demand variability</li>\n<li>Product type (e.g., RECs, PPAs, utility or competitive green power products)</li>\n<li>Purchase volume (e.g., total kilowatt-hours)</li>\n<li>Contract length (e.g., short- or long-term)</li>\n<li>Resource and technology type (e.g., solar, wind)</li>\n<li>Geography (e.g., local versus national)</li>\n<li>Certification and verification status</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A switch to green power provides resiliency benefits by helping to diversify and strengthen the electric power grid through the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar and by supporting local renewable energy generators and distributed renewable energy (DER) projects.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Green Power Partnership. “What is Green Power?” <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> State of New Jersey. NJ Power Switch. Know Your Rights. <a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/\">https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Green Power Partnership. Green Power Benefits. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Commercial Electric Rates for NJ based on 12-month contract for buildings with utility bills ranging from less than $1,000 to over $5000. <a href=\"https://www.electricrate.com\">https://www.electricrate.com</a> (accessed April 9, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/\">Biomass Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-geothermal-energy-systems/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-wind-energy-systems/\">On-site Wind Generation Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-pv-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.bpu.state.nj.us/bpu/index.shtml\">NJ Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/\">NJ Power Switch</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/switch-green-power\">US EPA – Switch to Green Power</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Jersey Energy Delivery Companies (EDCs)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Atlantic City Electric Company</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/content/customer/jersey_central_power_light.html\">JCP&amp;L</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en\">Rockland Electric</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.pseg.com/\">PSE&amp;G</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Green Power','','inherit','closed','closed','','1750-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:43:32','2022-04-18 15:43:32','',1750,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1753',0,'revision','',0),(1754,2,'2022-04-18 15:43:32','2022-04-18 15:43:32','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Power\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Power?</strong></h2>\n<p>Green power refers to renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit including electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, some forms of biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources (i.e., do not impact land use and fisheries).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Buildings get their power from a mix of energy sources with varying levels of environmental impacts and benefits (see Figure 1). Electricity generated from coal, nuclear, oil, natural gas, wind, and solar all goes to the same grid (see Figure 2). Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) represent 1 MWh of renewable electricity generation and provide proof of the electricity generated by green power.</p>\n<p>Energy-efficient commercial buildings that are not ideally suited for on-site renewable energy generation can choose to switch to green energy or purchase RECs to help offset their environmental and carbon footprints on a voluntary basis or to meet corporate sustainability goals or other mandates.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_252\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1390\"]<img class=\"wp-image-252 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).\" width=\"1390\" height=\"848\" /> Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_207\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1388\"]<img class=\"wp-image-207 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).\" width=\"1388\" height=\"634\" /> Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Purchase Green Energy</strong></h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act (EDECA) of 1999 (N.J.S.A. 48:3-49) separated the supply portion of the electric rate from the delivery portion, providing the consumer the opportunity to select among third-party electricity suppliers licensed by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU). Consumers can make decisions on a variety of factors including cost or energy efficiency and sources of electricity generation (e.g., nuclear, natural gas, oil, solar).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Through the purchase of green power, a building does not necessarily receive renewable energy directly, but instead, the purchase of renewable energy increases the percentage that renewable sources (e.g., solar and wind) that contribute to power production within the region. Table 1 lists various ways to purchase green energy.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_430\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1174\"]<img class=\"wp-image-430 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).\" width=\"1174\" height=\"962\" /> Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).[/caption]<p>Commercial electricity consumers may choose to purchase RECs, contract with a green energy supplier or participate in a utility-sponsored green energy program. Green power products and programs often require customers to pay a premium over the standard electric price in return for green power (i.e., electricity bundled with RECs) but the utility continues to provide the electric transmission and distribution in the same way as a regular electric customer.</p>\n<p>Note that green power supply options depend on available renewable energy resources and projects, and state and utility policies and programs. Check with your utility provider for available programs and current incentives. Other options include Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) that directly support specific renewable energy projects.</p>\n<p>The decision to purchase green power involves identifying and comparing green power options among verified, third-party certified green power providers that meet nationally-accepted standards for product quality. At this time, the <a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a> is the only organization that certifies and independently verifies green power products in the United States.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Conventional electricity relies on fossil fuels and produces significant air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Green power provides the following environmental and sustainable marketing benefits:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supports renewable energy resource and technology development either directly through PPAs and bundled green power products or indirectly through RECs.</li>\n<li>Reduces a business’s carbon footprint associated with electricity consumption.</li>\n<li>Serves as a marketing tool to demonstrate a business’s commitment to sustainability goals.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.communityenergyinc.com/projects/new-jersey-solar\">Jacobstown Solar Farm, Burlington County, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Jacobstown Solar project, by Community Energy, Inc., provides green power to the Jersey Central Power &amp; Light (JCP&amp;L) regional electric grid and helps farmland preservation in the area by providing a source of local revenue. Landscaping on the site matches the rural surroundings and plantings of low mow turf grass reduce stormwater runoff and improve soil conditions for future agricultural uses. When NJ businesses choose to purchase green power, they support solar companies like Community Energy, Inc. and projects like the Jacobstown Solar Farm, that provide local sources of renewable energy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>While a switch to green power does not require any upfront capital costs, currently there exists a cost premium for green power of about 2 to 4 cents per kWh.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Prices for green power vary also depending on a variety of factors, including:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supply and demand variability</li>\n<li>Product type (e.g., RECs, PPAs, utility or competitive green power products)</li>\n<li>Purchase volume (e.g., total kilowatt-hours)</li>\n<li>Contract length (e.g., short- or long-term)</li>\n<li>Resource and technology type (e.g., solar, wind)</li>\n<li>Geography (e.g., local versus national)</li>\n<li>Certification and verification status</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A switch to green power provides resiliency benefits by helping to diversify and strengthen the electric power grid through the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar and by supporting local renewable energy generators and distributed renewable energy (DER) projects.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Green Power Partnership. “What is Green Power?” <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> State of New Jersey. NJ Power Switch. Know Your Rights. <a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/\">https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Green Power Partnership. Green Power Benefits. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Commercial Electric Rates for NJ based on 12-month contract for buildings with utility bills ranging from less than $1,000 to over $5000. <a href=\"https://www.electricrate.com\">https://www.electricrate.com</a> (accessed April 9, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/\">Biomass Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-geothermal-energy-systems/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-wind-energy-systems/\">On-site Wind Generation Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-pv-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.bpu.state.nj.us/bpu/index.shtml\">NJ Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/\">NJ Power Switch</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/switch-green-power\">US EPA – Switch to Green Power</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Jersey Energy Delivery Companies (EDCs)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Atlantic City Electric Company</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/content/customer/jersey_central_power_light.html\">JCP&amp;L</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en\">Rockland Electric</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.pseg.com/\">PSE&amp;G</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1750-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:43:32','2022-04-18 15:43:32','',1750,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1754',0,'revision','',0),(1756,2,'2022-04-18 15:43:35','2022-04-18 15:43:35','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Power\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Power?</strong></h2>\n<p>Green power refers to renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit including electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, some forms of biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources (i.e., do not impact land use and fisheries).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Buildings get their power from a mix of energy sources with varying levels of environmental impacts and benefits (see Figure 1). Electricity generated from coal, nuclear, oil, natural gas, wind, and solar all goes to the same grid (see Figure 2). Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) represent 1 MWh of renewable electricity generation and provide proof of the electricity generated by green power.</p>\n<p>Energy-efficient commercial buildings that are not ideally suited for on-site renewable energy generation can choose to switch to green energy or purchase RECs to help offset their environmental and carbon footprints on a voluntary basis or to meet corporate sustainability goals or other mandates.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_252\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1390\"]<img class=\"wp-image-252 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).\" width=\"1390\" height=\"848\" /> Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_207\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1388\"]<img class=\"wp-image-207 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).\" width=\"1388\" height=\"634\" /> Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Purchase Green Energy</strong></h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act (EDECA) of 1999 (N.J.S.A. 48:3-49) separated the supply portion of the electric rate from the delivery portion, providing the consumer the opportunity to select among third-party electricity suppliers licensed by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU). Consumers can make decisions on a variety of factors including cost or energy efficiency and sources of electricity generation (e.g., nuclear, natural gas, oil, solar).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Through the purchase of green power, a building does not necessarily receive renewable energy directly, but instead, the purchase of renewable energy increases the percentage that renewable sources (e.g., solar and wind) that contribute to power production within the region. Table 1 lists various ways to purchase green energy.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_430\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1174\"]<img class=\"wp-image-430 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).\" width=\"1174\" height=\"962\" /> Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).[/caption]<p>Commercial electricity consumers may choose to purchase RECs, contract with a green energy supplier or participate in a utility-sponsored green energy program. Green power products and programs often require customers to pay a premium over the standard electric price in return for green power (i.e., electricity bundled with RECs) but the utility continues to provide the electric transmission and distribution in the same way as a regular electric customer.</p>\n<p>Note that green power supply options depend on available renewable energy resources and projects, and state and utility policies and programs. Check with your utility provider for available programs and current incentives. Other options include Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) that directly support specific renewable energy projects.</p>\n<p>The decision to purchase green power involves identifying and comparing green power options among verified, third-party certified green power providers that meet nationally-accepted standards for product quality. At this time, the <a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a> is the only organization that certifies and independently verifies green power products in the United States.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Conventional electricity relies on fossil fuels and produces significant air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Green power provides the following environmental and sustainable marketing benefits:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supports renewable energy resource and technology development either directly through PPAs and bundled green power products or indirectly through RECs.</li>\n<li>Reduces a business’s carbon footprint associated with electricity consumption.</li>\n<li>Serves as a marketing tool to demonstrate a business’s commitment to sustainability goals.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.communityenergyinc.com/projects/new-jersey-solar\">Jacobstown Solar Farm, Burlington County, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Jacobstown Solar project, by Community Energy, Inc., provides green power to the Jersey Central Power &amp; Light (JCP&amp;L) regional electric grid and helps farmland preservation in the area by providing a source of local revenue. Landscaping on the site matches the rural surroundings and plantings of low mow turf grass reduce stormwater runoff and improve soil conditions for future agricultural uses. When NJ businesses choose to purchase green power, they support solar companies like Community Energy, Inc. and projects like the Jacobstown Solar Farm, that provide local sources of renewable energy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>While a switch to green power does not require any upfront capital costs, currently there exists a cost premium for green power of about 2 to 4 cents per kWh.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Prices for green power vary also depending on a variety of factors, including:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supply and demand variability</li>\n<li>Product type (e.g., RECs, PPAs, utility or competitive green power products)</li>\n<li>Purchase volume (e.g., total kilowatt-hours)</li>\n<li>Contract length (e.g., short- or long-term)</li>\n<li>Resource and technology type (e.g., solar, wind)</li>\n<li>Geography (e.g., local versus national)</li>\n<li>Certification and verification status</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A switch to green power provides resiliency benefits by helping to diversify and strengthen the electric power grid through the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar and by supporting local renewable energy generators and distributed renewable energy (DER) projects.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Green Power Partnership. “What is Green Power?” <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> State of New Jersey. NJ Power Switch. Know Your Rights. <a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/\">https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Green Power Partnership. Green Power Benefits. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power</a> (accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Commercial Electric Rates for NJ based on 12-month contract for buildings with utility bills ranging from less than $1,000 to over $5000. <a href=\"https://www.electricrate.com\">https://www.electricrate.com</a> (accessed April 9, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/\">Biomass Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-geothermal-energy-systems/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-wind-energy-systems/\">On-site Wind Generation Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-pv-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.bpu.state.nj.us/bpu/index.shtml\">NJ Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/\">NJ Power Switch</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/switch-green-power\">US EPA – Switch to Green Power</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Jersey Energy Delivery Companies (EDCs)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Atlantic City Electric Company</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/content/customer/jersey_central_power_light.html\">JCP&amp;L</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en\">Rockland Electric</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.pseg.com/\">PSE&amp;G</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Green Power','','inherit','closed','closed','','1750-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:43:35','2022-04-18 15:43:35','',1750,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1756',0,'revision','',0),(1757,2,'2022-04-18 15:48:03','2022-04-18 15:48:03','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Pest Management\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Integrated Pest Management? </strong></h2>\n<p>Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a practical and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that applies to both interiors and exteriors of buildings. It is a decision-making process with a goal of solving pest problems with the least toxic method.  IPM programs use comprehensive information on the life cycles of pests and their interaction with the environment. This information, in combination with available pest control methods, is used to manage pest damage by the most economical means, and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Pesticides can contribute to indoor air quality problems, and other hazards include acute, immediate toxicity to humans and other non-target organisms; chronic or long-term toxicity such as cancer; and potential to contaminate air, or ground and surface water.  Some pests develop a resistance to specific pesticides, and in turn, require stronger chemicals for pest control.  Pesticide labels, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and resources such as <a href=\"http://www.pesticideinfo.org\">Pesticide Action Network Pesticide Database</a> provide information on many of these potential hazards for specific pesticides.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> MSDS are documents prepared by a product’s manufacturer to provide information on the safe use and potential hazards of a product.</p>\n<p>In structural pest control (pest control in and around buildings), IPM focuses mainly on eliminating or reducing sources of food, water, and hiding spots that are available to pests, and limiting pest access into and throughout buildings. Control measures such as sanitation and building maintenance are essential aspects of a structural IPM program. Success requires the collaborative efforts of everyone involved in the management and maintenance of a building including service contractors, tenants, custodians, and other employees. Education and cooperation are necessary parts of any IPM program.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_472\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"580\"]<img class=\"wp-image-472 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-IPM-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – A typical household cockroach (Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnas/3481624912/)\" width=\"580\" height=\"390\" /> Figure 1 – A typical household cockroach (Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnas/3481624912/)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Integrated Pest Management</strong></h2>\n<p>Each IPM program is designed around individual pest prevention goals and eradication needs, considered in the context of the environment or setting. Although tailored for each setting, most successful IPM programs use the same four-tiered approach that includes 1) <strong>Setting action thresholds</strong> or defining the level for controlling a pest. 2) <strong>Monitoring and identifying</strong> pests. This step helps identify if and what pest problems exist and helps reduce the unnecessary use of pesticides. 3) <strong>Prevention</strong>, which includes proactive methods to prevent pests from becoming a threat such as repairing structural damage in a building and good garbage management. 4) <strong>Control</strong>. If necessary, implement strategic control methods such as mechanical control (trapping), or highly targeted chemicals. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>IPM recommendations developed Rutgers University identifies regular monitoring, repairing structural damage, proper sanitation and a combination of non-chemical/low-impact pesticides as critical components of a typical structural IPM program (see Figure 2).</p>\n<p>Hiring a vendor who uses IPM practices help ensure the safe and effective management of pests in and around the building. It is likely that vendors recommend cleaning up areas and making repairs. Simple changes may include cleaning up break rooms and not overwatering plants. More complex and expensive changes may involve patching holes and crevices, repairing leaks, sealing floor drains and vents, sealing cracks and other access areas for pests, and installing door sweeps. Some vendors may provide training sessions for office and maintenance staff. Designate a knowledgeable, trained staff member to work with the pest control operator and building-maintenance personnel to implement  IPM recommendations are followed. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_261\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"760\"]<img class=\"wp-image-261 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-IPM-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"(Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building and Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Cooperative Extension. A Guide to Integrated Pest Management. 2012.)\" width=\"760\" height=\"574\" /> (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building and Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Cooperative Extension. A Guide to Integrated Pest Management. 2012.)[/caption]\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf\">NJ School District Overcomes Pest Control Challenges</a></p>\n<p>Paterson Public School District, NJ’s third-largest district, began the implementation of a comprehensive IPM program in 2009.  In the years since the district has experienced reduced pests, improved health of staff and students and a better understanding of the role of IPM and indoor air quality plays creating a healthy and safe environment for education.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Integrated Pest Management:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Promotes sound structures and healthy plants</li>\n<li>Improves pest control</li>\n<li>Promotes sustainable bio-based pest management alternatives</li>\n<li>Reduces the environmental risk associated with pest management by encouraging the adoption of more ecologically benign control tactics</li>\n<li>Reduces or eliminates issues related to pesticide residue</li>\n<li>Decreases workers, tenants and public exposure to pesticides</li>\n<li>Reduces concern of the public about pests &amp; pesticide-related practices</li>\n<li>Maintains or increases the cost-effectiveness of pest management programs<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n<li>Prevents the contamination of indoor air, buildings, soil, and water and keeps hazardous chemicals out of the food chain</li>\n<li>Protects people (especially children and other vulnerable populations), animals and beneficial plants and insects from toxic exposures</li>\n<li>Demonstrates responsible stewardship of environmental and community resources<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>IPM can reduce long-term pest management costs. Often IPM programs cost the same or less than traditional pest management programs. Costs may rise during the transition period as new equipment is acquired or after building upgrades. IPM can reduce costs by eliminating regular pesticide spraying, but those savings may be redirected toward preventive practices, such as training employees, inspecting for pests, and investing in building and landscaping improvements. Over time these budget shifts balance out, and improved maintenance, better sanitation and making repairs help make the building more attractive to everyone except pests.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Minimizing the use of hazardous pesticides reduces the risk of spills and contamination during an emergency event.  Less risk of pesticide exposure or dangerous chemical combinations makes clean up and recovery less dangerous and more efficient. Managing pests through an effective and environmentally sensitive program helps create a healthier indoor environment that can help protect occupant health.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> The IPM Institute of North America. <a href=\"http://www.ipminstitute.org/faq.htm#Whatarepesticiderisks\">http://www.ipminstitute.org/faq.htm#Whatarepesticiderisks</a>? (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Nyc.gov Integrated Pest Management Toolkit. <a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/pesticide/ipm-toolkit.pdf\">https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/pesticide/ipm-toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Anderson, Marcia. US EPA. PESPWire Fall 2017. NJ School District Overcomes Pest Control Challenges (4-5). <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed March 26, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> City of Newton. IPM Policy. <a href=\"https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Newton,_MA_Integrated_Pest_Management_Policy\">https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Newton,_MA_Integrated_Pest_Management_Policy</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed March 26, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">Integrated Pest Management Kit for Building Managers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ipminstitute.org/what-is-integrated-pest-management/\">IPM Institute of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/enforcement/pcp/ipm-pilot.htm\">NJ School Integrated Pest Management Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://northeastipm.org/index.cfm\">Northeastern IPM Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.pestmanagement.rutgers.edu/IPM/index.htm\">Rutgers Cooperative Extension Pest Management – IPM Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=80&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=fdfbb1a30ba416e3001381ee48764cb7\">Sustainable Jersey – Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">US EPA Integrated Pest Management Principles</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pesp\">US EPA Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Integrated Pest Management','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-integrated-pest-management','','','2022-04-18 15:48:06','2022-04-18 15:48:06','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1757',0,'post','',0),(1758,2,'2022-04-18 15:43:58','2022-04-18 15:43:58','','NC Integrated Pest Management','','inherit','closed','closed','','1757-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:43:58','2022-04-18 15:43:58','',1757,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1758',0,'revision','',0),(1760,2,'2022-04-18 15:48:03','2022-04-18 15:48:03','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Pest Management\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Integrated Pest Management? </strong></h2>\n<p>Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a practical and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that applies to both interiors and exteriors of buildings. It is a decision-making process with a goal of solving pest problems with the least toxic method.  IPM programs use comprehensive information on the life cycles of pests and their interaction with the environment. This information, in combination with available pest control methods, is used to manage pest damage by the most economical means, and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Pesticides can contribute to indoor air quality problems, and other hazards include acute, immediate toxicity to humans and other non-target organisms; chronic or long-term toxicity such as cancer; and potential to contaminate air, or ground and surface water.  Some pests develop a resistance to specific pesticides, and in turn, require stronger chemicals for pest control.  Pesticide labels, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and resources such as <a href=\"http://www.pesticideinfo.org\">Pesticide Action Network Pesticide Database</a> provide information on many of these potential hazards for specific pesticides.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> MSDS are documents prepared by a product’s manufacturer to provide information on the safe use and potential hazards of a product.</p>\n<p>In structural pest control (pest control in and around buildings), IPM focuses mainly on eliminating or reducing sources of food, water, and hiding spots that are available to pests, and limiting pest access into and throughout buildings. Control measures such as sanitation and building maintenance are essential aspects of a structural IPM program. Success requires the collaborative efforts of everyone involved in the management and maintenance of a building including service contractors, tenants, custodians, and other employees. Education and cooperation are necessary parts of any IPM program.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_472\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"580\"]<img class=\"wp-image-472 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-IPM-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – A typical household cockroach (Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnas/3481624912/)\" width=\"580\" height=\"390\" /> Figure 1 – A typical household cockroach (Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnas/3481624912/)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Integrated Pest Management</strong></h2>\n<p>Each IPM program is designed around individual pest prevention goals and eradication needs, considered in the context of the environment or setting. Although tailored for each setting, most successful IPM programs use the same four-tiered approach that includes 1) <strong>Setting action thresholds</strong> or defining the level for controlling a pest. 2) <strong>Monitoring and identifying</strong> pests. This step helps identify if and what pest problems exist and helps reduce the unnecessary use of pesticides. 3) <strong>Prevention</strong>, which includes proactive methods to prevent pests from becoming a threat such as repairing structural damage in a building and good garbage management. 4) <strong>Control</strong>. If necessary, implement strategic control methods such as mechanical control (trapping), or highly targeted chemicals. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>IPM recommendations developed Rutgers University identifies regular monitoring, repairing structural damage, proper sanitation and a combination of non-chemical/low-impact pesticides as critical components of a typical structural IPM program (see Figure 2).</p>\n<p>Hiring a vendor who uses IPM practices help ensure the safe and effective management of pests in and around the building. It is likely that vendors recommend cleaning up areas and making repairs. Simple changes may include cleaning up break rooms and not overwatering plants. More complex and expensive changes may involve patching holes and crevices, repairing leaks, sealing floor drains and vents, sealing cracks and other access areas for pests, and installing door sweeps. Some vendors may provide training sessions for office and maintenance staff. Designate a knowledgeable, trained staff member to work with the pest control operator and building-maintenance personnel to implement  IPM recommendations are followed. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_261\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"760\"]<img class=\"wp-image-261 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-IPM-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"(Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building and Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Cooperative Extension. A Guide to Integrated Pest Management. 2012.)\" width=\"760\" height=\"574\" /> (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building and Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Cooperative Extension. A Guide to Integrated Pest Management. 2012.)[/caption]\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf\">NJ School District Overcomes Pest Control Challenges</a></p>\n<p>Paterson Public School District, NJ’s third-largest district, began the implementation of a comprehensive IPM program in 2009.  In the years since the district has experienced reduced pests, improved health of staff and students and a better understanding of the role of IPM and indoor air quality plays creating a healthy and safe environment for education.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Integrated Pest Management:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Promotes sound structures and healthy plants</li>\n<li>Improves pest control</li>\n<li>Promotes sustainable bio-based pest management alternatives</li>\n<li>Reduces the environmental risk associated with pest management by encouraging the adoption of more ecologically benign control tactics</li>\n<li>Reduces or eliminates issues related to pesticide residue</li>\n<li>Decreases workers, tenants and public exposure to pesticides</li>\n<li>Reduces concern of the public about pests &amp; pesticide-related practices</li>\n<li>Maintains or increases the cost-effectiveness of pest management programs<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n<li>Prevents the contamination of indoor air, buildings, soil, and water and keeps hazardous chemicals out of the food chain</li>\n<li>Protects people (especially children and other vulnerable populations), animals and beneficial plants and insects from toxic exposures</li>\n<li>Demonstrates responsible stewardship of environmental and community resources<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>IPM can reduce long-term pest management costs. Often IPM programs cost the same or less than traditional pest management programs. Costs may rise during the transition period as new equipment is acquired or after building upgrades. IPM can reduce costs by eliminating regular pesticide spraying, but those savings may be redirected toward preventive practices, such as training employees, inspecting for pests, and investing in building and landscaping improvements. Over time these budget shifts balance out, and improved maintenance, better sanitation and making repairs help make the building more attractive to everyone except pests.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Minimizing the use of hazardous pesticides reduces the risk of spills and contamination during an emergency event.  Less risk of pesticide exposure or dangerous chemical combinations makes clean up and recovery less dangerous and more efficient. Managing pests through an effective and environmentally sensitive program helps create a healthier indoor environment that can help protect occupant health.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> The IPM Institute of North America. <a href=\"http://www.ipminstitute.org/faq.htm#Whatarepesticiderisks\">http://www.ipminstitute.org/faq.htm#Whatarepesticiderisks</a>? (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Nyc.gov Integrated Pest Management Toolkit. <a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/pesticide/ipm-toolkit.pdf\">https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/pesticide/ipm-toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Anderson, Marcia. US EPA. PESPWire Fall 2017. NJ School District Overcomes Pest Control Challenges (4-5). <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed March 26, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> City of Newton. IPM Policy. <a href=\"https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Newton,_MA_Integrated_Pest_Management_Policy\">https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Newton,_MA_Integrated_Pest_Management_Policy</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed March 26, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">Integrated Pest Management Kit for Building Managers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ipminstitute.org/what-is-integrated-pest-management/\">IPM Institute of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/enforcement/pcp/ipm-pilot.htm\">NJ School Integrated Pest Management Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://northeastipm.org/index.cfm\">Northeastern IPM Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.pestmanagement.rutgers.edu/IPM/index.htm\">Rutgers Cooperative Extension Pest Management – IPM Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=80&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=fdfbb1a30ba416e3001381ee48764cb7\">Sustainable Jersey – Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">US EPA Integrated Pest Management Principles</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pesp\">US EPA Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Integrated Pest Management','','inherit','closed','closed','','1757-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:48:03','2022-04-18 15:48:03','',1757,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1760',0,'revision','',0),(1762,2,'2022-04-18 15:50:25','2022-04-18 15:50:25','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Operator and Occupant Training\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Operator and Occupant Training?</strong></h2>\n<p>Operator and occupant training provides those who occupy and maintain a building with the tools and strategies to optimize the efficiency of the building’s systems and protect the health and comfort for the building’s occupants. Green buildings require an ongoing commitment by the building owner, facilities operators and building occupants to implement the intended sustainable performance goals. Effective, sustainable operations and maintenance (O&amp;M) strategies are the key to achieving long-term goals of economy, energy efficiency, resource conservation, and pollution prevention while meeting the comfort, health, and safety requirements of a facility.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Operator and Occupant Training </strong></h2>\n<p>Effective O&amp;M strategies for high-performance buildings: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Integrate indoor environmental quality, energy efficiency, waste management, and water conservation into standard policies, procedures, and practices of the building’s property management and its contracts with maintenance companies and vendors</li>\n<li>Provide regular professional development and training for O&amp;M staff as often as necessary to account for personnel turnover</li>\n<li>Establish a facility-wide “green team” to evaluate and improve on O&amp;M practices and get feedback from O&amp;M staff and building occupants on their experiences with using green products and adjust products or practices as necessary</li>\n<li>Include the preparation and upkeep of procedures, manuals, charts, and checklists</li>\n<li>Ensure that occupants understand policy and procedures, including trash and recycling guidelines, and provide opportunities for communication about maintenance needs, repairs, and indoor air quality issues</li>\n</ul>\n<p>It is also important to have personnel trained in understanding product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for information on product safety and toxicity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example </strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://sustain.princeton.edu/about/ambassadors\">Princeton Office of Sustainability – Staff Ambassadors, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Princeton Sustainability Ambassadors program works with staff from a variety of campus departments, who participate in a one-year training program and as serve as sustainability ambassadors engaging their co-workers, offices, and groups in informational campaigns and activities that support campus sustainability goals as well as sustainability practices at work and at home.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Training for building operators and occupants and implementing sound O&amp;M practices helps to meet sustainable performance targets over the life of the building such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Scheduling of preventative service and maintenance that extend the life of equipment and building materials and reduce costs</li>\n<li>Conserving energy and water by optimizing the performance of building systems</li>\n<li>Reducing the use of toxics and minimizing solid and hazardous waste generation</li>\n<li>Providing a high-quality indoor environment</li>\n<li>Reducing absenteeism and worker’s compensation claims</li>\n<li>Reducing occupant complaints</li>\n<li>Maintaining landscaping and grounds with minimum use of water and chemicals (see <em>Native and Adapted Plants and Integrated Pest Management</em>)</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing training for building operators and occupants helps reduce costs through extending the life of equipment and materials, optimizing the performance of systems, and maximizing the use of local resources. The costs associated with training for building operators and occupants vary according to the type of training and type of facility. Coursework for Building Operator Certification, for example, costs between $500 and $1,500 for multi-day programs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Check training resources, such as the visit <a href=\"https://www.theboc.info/find-training/mid-atlantic/\">National Sustainable Structures Center (NSSC) at Pennsylvania College of Technology</a> or the <a href=\"https://www.njcelc.com/#home\">New Jersey Clean Energy Learning Center </a>to learn more about training in your area.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Operator and occupant training contributes to a building’s resiliency by ensuring that a building performs optimally during both normal operations and emergencies. Conducting emergency drills and training building staff and occupants for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts (<em>see Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</em>). Prepared individuals and businesses can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a>Whole Building Design Guide. Sustainable Operations and Maintenance. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> MSDS Solutions Center.  <a href=\"http://www.msds.com/\">http://www.msds.com/</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> National Safety Compliance.  ANSI Material Safety Data Sheets.  <a href=\"http://www.osha-safety-training.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=11:osha-training-videos&amp;id=96:ansi-material-safety-data-sheet-training-video\">http://www.osha-safety-training.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=11:osha-training-videos&amp;id=96:ansi-material-safety-data-sheet-training-video</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Building Operator Certification, National Sustainable Structures Center (NSSC) at the Pennsylvania College of Technology. Current Course Offerings and Pricing. <a href=\"https://www.pct.edu/business/national-sustainable-structures-center/building-operator-certification\">https://www.pct.edu/business/national-sustainable-structures-center/building-operator-certification</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/new-commercial/nc-preventative-maintenance/\">Preventative Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Meters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.theboc.info\">Building Operator Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.boma.org\">Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpi.org\">Building Performance Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers\">ENERGY STAR – Owners and Managers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://green.harvard.edu/programs/green-offices/green-office-resources\">Harvard Sustainability – Green Office Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://isles.org/services/green-jobs/about#.XKHiGy2ZPjA\">Isles – Center for Energy and Environmental Training (CEET)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.osha-safety-training.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=11:osha-training-videos&amp;id=96:ansi-material-safety-data-sheet-training-video\">National Safety Compliance.  ANSI Material Safety Data Sheets</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.njcelc.com\">NJ Clean Energy Learning Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sustain.princeton.edu\">Princeton Office of Sustainability</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com\">Sustainable Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejerseyschools.com\">Sustainable Jersey for Schools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/leed-v41#om\">USGBC LEED v4.1 O&amp;M Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Sustainable O &amp; M practices</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Operator and Occupant Training','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-operator-and-occupant-training','','','2022-04-18 15:50:29','2022-04-18 15:50:29','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1762',0,'post','',0),(1763,2,'2022-04-18 15:48:33','2022-04-18 15:48:33','','NC Operator and Occupant Training','','inherit','closed','closed','','1762-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:48:33','2022-04-18 15:48:33','',1762,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1763',0,'revision','',0),(1765,2,'2022-04-18 15:50:25','2022-04-18 15:50:25','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Operator and Occupant Training\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Operator and Occupant Training?</strong></h2>\n<p>Operator and occupant training provides those who occupy and maintain a building with the tools and strategies to optimize the efficiency of the building’s systems and protect the health and comfort for the building’s occupants. Green buildings require an ongoing commitment by the building owner, facilities operators and building occupants to implement the intended sustainable performance goals. Effective, sustainable operations and maintenance (O&amp;M) strategies are the key to achieving long-term goals of economy, energy efficiency, resource conservation, and pollution prevention while meeting the comfort, health, and safety requirements of a facility.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Operator and Occupant Training </strong></h2>\n<p>Effective O&amp;M strategies for high-performance buildings: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Integrate indoor environmental quality, energy efficiency, waste management, and water conservation into standard policies, procedures, and practices of the building’s property management and its contracts with maintenance companies and vendors</li>\n<li>Provide regular professional development and training for O&amp;M staff as often as necessary to account for personnel turnover</li>\n<li>Establish a facility-wide “green team” to evaluate and improve on O&amp;M practices and get feedback from O&amp;M staff and building occupants on their experiences with using green products and adjust products or practices as necessary</li>\n<li>Include the preparation and upkeep of procedures, manuals, charts, and checklists</li>\n<li>Ensure that occupants understand policy and procedures, including trash and recycling guidelines, and provide opportunities for communication about maintenance needs, repairs, and indoor air quality issues</li>\n</ul>\n<p>It is also important to have personnel trained in understanding product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for information on product safety and toxicity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example </strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://sustain.princeton.edu/about/ambassadors\">Princeton Office of Sustainability – Staff Ambassadors, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Princeton Sustainability Ambassadors program works with staff from a variety of campus departments, who participate in a one-year training program and as serve as sustainability ambassadors engaging their co-workers, offices, and groups in informational campaigns and activities that support campus sustainability goals as well as sustainability practices at work and at home.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Training for building operators and occupants and implementing sound O&amp;M practices helps to meet sustainable performance targets over the life of the building such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Scheduling of preventative service and maintenance that extend the life of equipment and building materials and reduce costs</li>\n<li>Conserving energy and water by optimizing the performance of building systems</li>\n<li>Reducing the use of toxics and minimizing solid and hazardous waste generation</li>\n<li>Providing a high-quality indoor environment</li>\n<li>Reducing absenteeism and worker’s compensation claims</li>\n<li>Reducing occupant complaints</li>\n<li>Maintaining landscaping and grounds with minimum use of water and chemicals (see <em>Native and Adapted Plants and Integrated Pest Management</em>)</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing training for building operators and occupants helps reduce costs through extending the life of equipment and materials, optimizing the performance of systems, and maximizing the use of local resources. The costs associated with training for building operators and occupants vary according to the type of training and type of facility. Coursework for Building Operator Certification, for example, costs between $500 and $1,500 for multi-day programs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Check training resources, such as the visit <a href=\"https://www.theboc.info/find-training/mid-atlantic/\">National Sustainable Structures Center (NSSC) at Pennsylvania College of Technology</a> or the <a href=\"https://www.njcelc.com/#home\">New Jersey Clean Energy Learning Center </a>to learn more about training in your area.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Operator and occupant training contributes to a building’s resiliency by ensuring that a building performs optimally during both normal operations and emergencies. Conducting emergency drills and training building staff and occupants for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts (<em>see Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</em>). Prepared individuals and businesses can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a>Whole Building Design Guide. Sustainable Operations and Maintenance. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> MSDS Solutions Center.  <a href=\"http://www.msds.com/\">http://www.msds.com/</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> National Safety Compliance.  ANSI Material Safety Data Sheets.  <a href=\"http://www.osha-safety-training.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=11:osha-training-videos&amp;id=96:ansi-material-safety-data-sheet-training-video\">http://www.osha-safety-training.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=11:osha-training-videos&amp;id=96:ansi-material-safety-data-sheet-training-video</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Building Operator Certification, National Sustainable Structures Center (NSSC) at the Pennsylvania College of Technology. Current Course Offerings and Pricing. <a href=\"https://www.pct.edu/business/national-sustainable-structures-center/building-operator-certification\">https://www.pct.edu/business/national-sustainable-structures-center/building-operator-certification</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/new-commercial/nc-preventative-maintenance/\">Preventative Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Meters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.theboc.info\">Building Operator Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.boma.org\">Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpi.org\">Building Performance Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers\">ENERGY STAR – Owners and Managers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://green.harvard.edu/programs/green-offices/green-office-resources\">Harvard Sustainability – Green Office Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://isles.org/services/green-jobs/about#.XKHiGy2ZPjA\">Isles – Center for Energy and Environmental Training (CEET)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.osha-safety-training.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=11:osha-training-videos&amp;id=96:ansi-material-safety-data-sheet-training-video\">National Safety Compliance.  ANSI Material Safety Data Sheets</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.njcelc.com\">NJ Clean Energy Learning Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sustain.princeton.edu\">Princeton Office of Sustainability</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com\">Sustainable Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejerseyschools.com\">Sustainable Jersey for Schools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/leed-v41#om\">USGBC LEED v4.1 O&amp;M Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Sustainable O &amp; M practices</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Operator and Occupant Training','','inherit','closed','closed','','1762-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:50:25','2022-04-18 15:50:25','',1762,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1765',0,'revision','',0),(1767,2,'2022-04-18 15:55:08','2022-04-18 15:55:08','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Preventative Maintenance\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Preventative Maintenance?</strong></h2>\n<p>Preventative maintenance, as opposed to reactive maintenance, refers to actions taken to prevent building systems, equipment or components from failing and extend their useful life by performing regularly scheduled repairs and improvements before apparent problems occur. More specifically, preventative maintenance serves as an essential element of a Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) program that encompasses several types of maintenance applications including reactive, preventative, and predictive (see Table 1).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_412\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1808\"]<img class=\"wp-image-412 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Preventative-Maintenance-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Reliability Centered Maintenance Element Applications\" width=\"1808\" height=\"456\" /> Table 1 – Reliability Centered Maintenance Element Applications. (Source: FEMA’s O&amp;M Best Practices Guide: Chapter 5 – Types of Maintenance Programs)[/caption]<p><em>Reactive maintenance</em> (i.e., breakdown or run-to-failure maintenance) occurs after a building component fails. <em>Preventative maintenance</em> (i.e., time-based) performs repairs on a time-based or predetermined schedule. <em>Predictive maintenance</em> initiates repairs and upgrades only when necessary and as determined by periodically monitoring building components for damage or degradation. RCM programs integrate a mix of maintenance strategies and take advantage of their respective strengths to maximize reliability and safety while minimizing life-cycle costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Preventative Maintenance</strong></h2>\n<p>The following list provides basic steps for implementing RCM that incorporates preventative maintenance principles.</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Develop a list of equipment in your building.</li>\n<li>Prioritize the list based on importance to building operation (i.e., cost of system downtime, safety concerns).</li>\n<li>Group similar components together.</li>\n<li>Determine schedule and required maintenance tasks for each component using manufacturers technical manuals, historical maintenance records, failure analysis, and engineering expertise.</li>\n<li>Assess maintenance staff and identify appropriate tasks based on skill sets.</li>\n<li>Analyze equipment failure modes and impacts on components and systems.</li>\n<li>Develop maintenance guidelines with input from all stakeholders (e.g., government-legislated requirements, requirements of accreditation bodies, health and safety regulations; fire and building codes, recommendations of equipment manufacturers, quality standards and experiences of facilities personnel).</li>\n</ol>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Scheduling of preventative service and maintenance extends the life of the equipment and building materials, reduces costs, and provides other potential benefits such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving energy and water by optimizing the performance of building systems</li>\n<li>Improving equipment reliability and reduces costly equipment failure and system downtime</li>\n<li>Providing a high-quality indoor environment that improves occupant comfort and reduces occupant complaints</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>A preventative maintenance program reorganizes and reallocates existing resources and does not significantly impact operating costs. Implementing a best-practice O&amp;M program can reduce facility energy use by 5–20% without significant capital investment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Preventative maintenance helps reduce costs through extending the life of equipment and materials, optimizing the performance of systems, and maximizing the use of local resources.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency </strong></h2>\n<p>Preventative maintenance strengthens building performance and bolsters resiliency by regularly identifying and fixing vulnerable building systems and features, such as a leaking roof or windows, and helping to prevent additional damage and loss during extreme weather events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> The Federal Energy Management Program’s Operations and Maintenance (O&amp;M) Best Practices Guide: Chapter 5 – Types of Maintenance Programs <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/downloads/operations-and-maintenance-best-practices-guide\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/downloads/operations-and-maintenance-best-practices-guide</a> (accessed April 17, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> PECI. “The 15 Best Operation and Maintenance Practices for Energy-Efficient Buildings.”</p>\n<p>Prepared with funding from the U.S. EPA and U.S. DOE, updated September 2016. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/Fifteen%20O%26M%20Best%20Practices.pdf\">https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/Fifteen%20O%26M%20Best%20Practices.pdf</a>  (accessed April 17, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-evaluation/\">Building Evaluation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-commissioning/\">Commissioning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Meters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.boma.org\">Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/save-energy/comprehensive-approach/operations-and\">Energy Star O&amp;M Reports</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/downloads/operations-and-maintenance-best-practices-guide\">The Federal Energy Management Program’s Operations and Maintenance (O&amp;M) Best Practices Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/plan/268/building-operations-maintenance-services\">GSA – Sustainable Facilities Toolkit – Maintenance and Operations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/ibhs-business-protection/commercial-maintenance/\">Insurance Institute for Business &amp; Home Safety Commercial Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/leed-v41#om\">USGBC LEED v4.1 O&amp;M Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Sustainable O &amp; M practices</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Preventative Maintenance','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-preventative-maintenance','','','2022-04-18 15:55:11','2022-04-18 15:55:11','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1767',0,'post','',0),(1768,2,'2022-04-18 15:51:37','2022-04-18 15:51:37','','NC Preventative Maintenance','','inherit','closed','closed','','1767-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:51:37','2022-04-18 15:51:37','',1767,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1768',0,'revision','',0),(1770,2,'2022-04-18 15:55:08','2022-04-18 15:55:08','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Preventative Maintenance\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Preventative Maintenance?</strong></h2>\n<p>Preventative maintenance, as opposed to reactive maintenance, refers to actions taken to prevent building systems, equipment or components from failing and extend their useful life by performing regularly scheduled repairs and improvements before apparent problems occur. More specifically, preventative maintenance serves as an essential element of a Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) program that encompasses several types of maintenance applications including reactive, preventative, and predictive (see Table 1).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_412\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1808\"]<img class=\"wp-image-412 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Preventative-Maintenance-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Reliability Centered Maintenance Element Applications\" width=\"1808\" height=\"456\" /> Table 1 – Reliability Centered Maintenance Element Applications. (Source: FEMA’s O&amp;M Best Practices Guide: Chapter 5 – Types of Maintenance Programs)[/caption]<p><em>Reactive maintenance</em> (i.e., breakdown or run-to-failure maintenance) occurs after a building component fails. <em>Preventative maintenance</em> (i.e., time-based) performs repairs on a time-based or predetermined schedule. <em>Predictive maintenance</em> initiates repairs and upgrades only when necessary and as determined by periodically monitoring building components for damage or degradation. RCM programs integrate a mix of maintenance strategies and take advantage of their respective strengths to maximize reliability and safety while minimizing life-cycle costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Preventative Maintenance</strong></h2>\n<p>The following list provides basic steps for implementing RCM that incorporates preventative maintenance principles.</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Develop a list of equipment in your building.</li>\n<li>Prioritize the list based on importance to building operation (i.e., cost of system downtime, safety concerns).</li>\n<li>Group similar components together.</li>\n<li>Determine schedule and required maintenance tasks for each component using manufacturers technical manuals, historical maintenance records, failure analysis, and engineering expertise.</li>\n<li>Assess maintenance staff and identify appropriate tasks based on skill sets.</li>\n<li>Analyze equipment failure modes and impacts on components and systems.</li>\n<li>Develop maintenance guidelines with input from all stakeholders (e.g., government-legislated requirements, requirements of accreditation bodies, health and safety regulations; fire and building codes, recommendations of equipment manufacturers, quality standards and experiences of facilities personnel).</li>\n</ol>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Scheduling of preventative service and maintenance extends the life of the equipment and building materials, reduces costs, and provides other potential benefits such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving energy and water by optimizing the performance of building systems</li>\n<li>Improving equipment reliability and reduces costly equipment failure and system downtime</li>\n<li>Providing a high-quality indoor environment that improves occupant comfort and reduces occupant complaints</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>A preventative maintenance program reorganizes and reallocates existing resources and does not significantly impact operating costs. Implementing a best-practice O&amp;M program can reduce facility energy use by 5–20% without significant capital investment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Preventative maintenance helps reduce costs through extending the life of equipment and materials, optimizing the performance of systems, and maximizing the use of local resources.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency </strong></h2>\n<p>Preventative maintenance strengthens building performance and bolsters resiliency by regularly identifying and fixing vulnerable building systems and features, such as a leaking roof or windows, and helping to prevent additional damage and loss during extreme weather events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> The Federal Energy Management Program’s Operations and Maintenance (O&amp;M) Best Practices Guide: Chapter 5 – Types of Maintenance Programs <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/downloads/operations-and-maintenance-best-practices-guide\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/downloads/operations-and-maintenance-best-practices-guide</a> (accessed April 17, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php</a> (accessed April 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> PECI. “The 15 Best Operation and Maintenance Practices for Energy-Efficient Buildings.”</p>\n<p>Prepared with funding from the U.S. EPA and U.S. DOE, updated September 2016. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/Fifteen%20O%26M%20Best%20Practices.pdf\">https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/Fifteen%20O%26M%20Best%20Practices.pdf</a>  (accessed April 17, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-evaluation/\">Building Evaluation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-commissioning/\">Commissioning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Meters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.boma.org\">Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/save-energy/comprehensive-approach/operations-and\">Energy Star O&amp;M Reports</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/downloads/operations-and-maintenance-best-practices-guide\">The Federal Energy Management Program’s Operations and Maintenance (O&amp;M) Best Practices Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/plan/268/building-operations-maintenance-services\">GSA – Sustainable Facilities Toolkit – Maintenance and Operations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/ibhs-business-protection/commercial-maintenance/\">Insurance Institute for Business &amp; Home Safety Commercial Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/leed-v41#om\">USGBC LEED v4.1 O&amp;M Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sustainableom.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Sustainable O &amp; M practices</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Preventative Maintenance','','inherit','closed','closed','','1767-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:55:08','2022-04-18 15:55:08','',1767,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1770',0,'revision','',0),(1772,2,'2022-04-18 15:59:08','2022-04-18 15:59:08','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Recycling Centers\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What are Recycling Centers?</strong></h2>\n<p>Recycling Centers are designated areas in a building designed to facilitate recycling. Recycling converts materials that would otherwise become waste into valuable resources and generates financial, environmental, and social returns both locally and globally.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Recycling not only saves resources and but also reduces the need for landfills and resource recovery facilities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Having a dedicated and organized recycling center in a building makes recycling easy and increases the likelihood that occupants adequately sort recyclables and trash.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_192\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"472\"]<img class=\"wp-image-192 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/EC-Recycling-Centers-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Separate trash and recycling bins (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"472\" height=\"362\" /> Figure 1 – Separate trash and recycling bins (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]<p>Recycling certain materials in New Jersey is mandatory. For more information about solid waste and recycling in NJ, visit the <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/\">NJ DEP Solid Hazardous Waste Management program website</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Recycling Centers</strong></h2>\n<p>Design recycling programs to comply with local laws and regulations and to make recycling convenient for building occupants and facilities staff. Give careful consideration to the type of recycling containers, space allocations for containers and storage, and the movement of recyclables throughout the facility from inside to outside. At a minimum, recycling programs should provide for the collection of paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, and metals. Designing and allocating space for the storage and collection of recyclables is required in LEED v4.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>When designing a recycling program, important considerations include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Allocate sufficient interior and exterior space.</li>\n<li>Plan for how to transport the materials to the outside collection area.</li>\n<li>Consider where materials are generated within the building and locate convenient central collection containers.</li>\n<li>Give special consideration to spaces such as copy centers, kitchens, break rooms, receiving and shipping areas and loading docks.</li>\n<li>Place desktop or desk-side bins by employees’ desk for collection of office paper.</li>\n<li>Place collection containers for other recyclables such as newspapers and magazines in central locations.</li>\n<li>Label collection containers clearly to ensure proper sorting.</li>\n<li>Consider space needs and access and collection by vehicles for outdoor storage areas.</li>\n<li>Implement recycling policies and procedures.</li>\n<li>Conduct periodic training for building occupants and facilities staff.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for a well-designed and well-run recycling program can lead to more efficient waste management and benefits for the facility occupants and the environment. There are many benefits related to recycling over disposal but taking steps towards source reduction and material reuse first, and then implementing recycling efforts provides the environmental benefit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>Some benefits noted by the Natural Resources Defense Council include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves natural resources, such as timber, water, and mineral ores, from domestic and imported sources.</li>\n<li>Prevents pollution caused by manufacturing from virgin resources.</li>\n<li>Saves energy in the production of products from virgin materials that need to be harvested and manufactured.</li>\n<li>Reduces the need for landfills and incineration while also helping to reduce the pollution produced by these processes.</li>\n<li>Helps protect and expand manufacturing jobs in America.</li>\n<li>Engenders a sense of community involvement and responsibility in protecting the environment.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>For a list of economic and environmental benefits of recycling in New Jersey, go to <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep//dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Recycling costs vary, but a well-designed recycling program can improve a facility’s waste management practices and cost less than garbage disposal for an equivalent amount of material. Recycling can reduce the waste stream and may be able to reduce the frequency of trash pick-ups or the size of disposal containers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Recycling bins for recycling center and spaces throughout the facility can vary in price depending on style and material but are widely available from a variety of manufacturers.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Proactive strategies for waste-related issues associated with disasters is an integral part of resilience planning.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm</a> (accessed May 9, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> NJ DEP. Recycling in New Jersey. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep//dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm</a> (accessed May 9, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> USGBC. LEED BD+C New Construction v4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-commercial-interiors-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-healthcare-h-0?view=language\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-commercial-interiors-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-healthcare-h-0?view=language</a>  (accessed May 9, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> NJ DEP. Recycling in New Jersey. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep//dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm</a> (accessed May 9, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. Too Good to Throw Away. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/cities/recycling/recyc/recyint.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/cities/recycling/recyc/recyint.asp</a> (accessed May 9, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US EPA. Resource Conservation – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm</a> (accessed May 9, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. Waste Management Planning to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/homeland-security-waste/waste-management-planning-mitigate-impact-climate-change\">https://www.epa.gov/homeland-security-waste/waste-management-planning-mitigate-impact-climate-change</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep//dshw/recycling/index.html\">NJ DEP – Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/recycling\">Natural Resources Defense Council – Recycling: Beyond the Bin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm\">US EPA – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Recycling Centers','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-recycling-centers','','','2022-04-18 15:59:11','2022-04-18 15:59:11','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1772',0,'post','',0),(1773,2,'2022-04-18 15:55:34','2022-04-18 15:55:34','','NC Recycling Centers','','inherit','closed','closed','','1772-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:55:34','2022-04-18 15:55:34','',1772,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1773',0,'revision','',0),(1775,2,'2022-04-18 15:59:08','2022-04-18 15:59:08','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Recycling Centers\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What are Recycling Centers?</strong></h2>\n<p>Recycling Centers are designated areas in a building designed to facilitate recycling. Recycling converts materials that would otherwise become waste into valuable resources and generates financial, environmental, and social returns both locally and globally.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Recycling not only saves resources and but also reduces the need for landfills and resource recovery facilities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Having a dedicated and organized recycling center in a building makes recycling easy and increases the likelihood that occupants adequately sort recyclables and trash.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_192\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"472\"]<img class=\"wp-image-192 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/EC-Recycling-Centers-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Separate trash and recycling bins (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"472\" height=\"362\" /> Figure 1 – Separate trash and recycling bins (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]<p>Recycling certain materials in New Jersey is mandatory. For more information about solid waste and recycling in NJ, visit the <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/\">NJ DEP Solid Hazardous Waste Management program website</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Recycling Centers</strong></h2>\n<p>Design recycling programs to comply with local laws and regulations and to make recycling convenient for building occupants and facilities staff. Give careful consideration to the type of recycling containers, space allocations for containers and storage, and the movement of recyclables throughout the facility from inside to outside. At a minimum, recycling programs should provide for the collection of paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, and metals. Designing and allocating space for the storage and collection of recyclables is required in LEED v4.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>When designing a recycling program, important considerations include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Allocate sufficient interior and exterior space.</li>\n<li>Plan for how to transport the materials to the outside collection area.</li>\n<li>Consider where materials are generated within the building and locate convenient central collection containers.</li>\n<li>Give special consideration to spaces such as copy centers, kitchens, break rooms, receiving and shipping areas and loading docks.</li>\n<li>Place desktop or desk-side bins by employees’ desk for collection of office paper.</li>\n<li>Place collection containers for other recyclables such as newspapers and magazines in central locations.</li>\n<li>Label collection containers clearly to ensure proper sorting.</li>\n<li>Consider space needs and access and collection by vehicles for outdoor storage areas.</li>\n<li>Implement recycling policies and procedures.</li>\n<li>Conduct periodic training for building occupants and facilities staff.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for a well-designed and well-run recycling program can lead to more efficient waste management and benefits for the facility occupants and the environment. There are many benefits related to recycling over disposal but taking steps towards source reduction and material reuse first, and then implementing recycling efforts provides the environmental benefit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>Some benefits noted by the Natural Resources Defense Council include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves natural resources, such as timber, water, and mineral ores, from domestic and imported sources.</li>\n<li>Prevents pollution caused by manufacturing from virgin resources.</li>\n<li>Saves energy in the production of products from virgin materials that need to be harvested and manufactured.</li>\n<li>Reduces the need for landfills and incineration while also helping to reduce the pollution produced by these processes.</li>\n<li>Helps protect and expand manufacturing jobs in America.</li>\n<li>Engenders a sense of community involvement and responsibility in protecting the environment.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>For a list of economic and environmental benefits of recycling in New Jersey, go to <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep//dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Recycling costs vary, but a well-designed recycling program can improve a facility’s waste management practices and cost less than garbage disposal for an equivalent amount of material. Recycling can reduce the waste stream and may be able to reduce the frequency of trash pick-ups or the size of disposal containers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Recycling bins for recycling center and spaces throughout the facility can vary in price depending on style and material but are widely available from a variety of manufacturers.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Proactive strategies for waste-related issues associated with disasters is an integral part of resilience planning.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm</a> (accessed May 9, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> NJ DEP. Recycling in New Jersey. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep//dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm</a> (accessed May 9, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> USGBC. LEED BD+C New Construction v4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-commercial-interiors-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-healthcare-h-0?view=language\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-commercial-interiors-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-healthcare-h-0?view=language</a>  (accessed May 9, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> NJ DEP. Recycling in New Jersey. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep//dshw/recycling/env_benefits.htm</a> (accessed May 9, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. Too Good to Throw Away. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/cities/recycling/recyc/recyint.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/cities/recycling/recyc/recyint.asp</a> (accessed May 9, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US EPA. Resource Conservation – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm</a> (accessed May 9, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. Waste Management Planning to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/homeland-security-waste/waste-management-planning-mitigate-impact-climate-change\">https://www.epa.gov/homeland-security-waste/waste-management-planning-mitigate-impact-climate-change</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep//dshw/recycling/index.html\">NJ DEP – Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/recycling\">Natural Resources Defense Council – Recycling: Beyond the Bin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm\">US EPA – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Recycling Centers','','inherit','closed','closed','','1772-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:59:08','2022-04-18 15:59:08','',1772,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1775',0,'revision','',0),(1777,2,'2022-04-18 16:02:24','2022-04-18 16:02:24','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Source Reduction and Recycling\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Source Reduction and Recycling?</h2>\n<p>Source reduction refers to reducing the amount (by weight or volume) or toxicity of waste that enters the solid waste stream. Recycling turns materials that would otherwise become waste into new resources.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Additionally, source reduction is the first tier in the waste management process. Source reduction decreases the amount of waste that enters the solid waste stream as well as decreases the disposal of toxic materials by sourcing fewer products out of toxic materials. Making products more durable and longer lasting are also activities synonymous with source reduction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>According to the US EPA, “Commercial wastes from business and industry make up between 35 and 45 percent of the U.S. municipal solid waste stream.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Source reduction activities not only conserve natural resources but also conserve the fuel used to make the products. From a business perspective, source reduction can save money in disposal and replacement costs. Source reduction aims to reuse materials (i.e., packaging materials, office furnishings) and not produce or minimize waste whenever possible. Everything put into the trash represents money spent on materials as well as money spent on removing those materials.</p>\n<h2>How to Implement Source Reduction and Recycling</h2>\n<p>Before starting a source reduction and recycling program, it is helpful to conduct a waste audit of the building. A waste audit determines what type, how much, and the toxicity content of waste produced by the building. The waste audit also details the sources of waste and the reasons for waste production. This information can inform better purchasing practices and environmental protection. A waste audit outlines a series of steps one should take to achieve waste and cost reduction goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>To start a source reduction and recycling program in a commercial building, a written plan that details the proposed program should be created by the building owner or business owner. This plan should be made readily available and accessible to all current and future tenants or occupants of the building. A plan should include the types of materials to be collected and recycled, as well as the types of source reduction strategies to be implemented. Implement source separation of three recyclable materials (i.e., paper, glass, plastic) should be implemented and the collection method and target recycling goals should be displayed. The program should be periodically reviewed and updated.  Along with the detailed plan, develop an educational program to inform all occupants of the new strategies. This educational program should explain how building occupants can contribute to the recycling and source reduction program and why it is essential to take part in those activities. Deliver the educational program via email, social media, permanent signs (marking locations of recycling bins) or meetings. Make notifications to occupants in a timely fashion of any changes to the program. Lastly, have facility managers conduct regular checks to guarantee that the source reduction and recycling program follows protocol.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Source reduction intersects with all aspects of operations from purchasing practices to office practices to shipping and receiving procedures to the lunchroom.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> While there are many areas to focus on source reduction and recycling programs, computer paper is one of the most significant contributors to the solid waste stream from the workplace. Computer paper costs money to buy, store, and print, while wasting paper leads to profit losses and negative environmental impacts. Though it is essential to recycle computer paper when possible, it is more environmentally and fiscally responsible for reducing the amount of paper purchased. Print two-sided documents if printing is necessary but aims to post notices electronically and send documents for review via email. Communicate with occupants about the importance of conserving paper and that simple actions such as reusing materials can contribute to saving money on office supplies. Locate paper-recycling bins next to printers and trash cans and to encourage paper recycling.  (See <em>Recycling Centers</em> strategy).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h3>Example</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/how-and-why-waste-audits-usgbc\">USGBC Waste Audits and Waste Diversion Efforts</a></p>\n<p>Each quarter, the USGBC facilities team and janitorial crew works with a waste consultant to implement waste audits at the USGBC headquarters, allows the team to analyze the facility’s waste stream and work towards improvements in the facility’s waste diversion rate. As an organization, USGBC also works to minimize waste off-site and meetings and conferences.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_225\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"528\"]<img class=\"wp-image-225 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Source-Redcution-Recycling-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Volunteers help attendees at Greenbuild International Conference and Expo learn about waste diversion practices at the conference (Source: usgbc.org)\" width=\"528\" height=\"354\" /> Figure 1 – Volunteers help attendees at Greenbuild International Conference and Expo learn about waste diversion practices at the conference (Source: usgbc.org)[/caption]\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Source reduction and recycling can save money and reduce the amount of material entering the solid waste stream. Recycling reduces the amount of strain put on landfills and incinerators, which decreases air and water contamination as well as preserving open space. Additionally, recycling conserves resources and reduces the need for new resources to be extracted from forests, oil wells, and mines, among others.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Recycling also has many indirect benefits. Recycling can lead to the creation of jobs and tax revenues that can make communities stronger and more prone to start environmentally responsible initiatives. Also, recycling can reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG’s) because the production, transport, and disposing of solid waste produces GHG’s.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>EPA’s WasteWise partners have documented that source reduction can lead to cost savings, particularly in shipping and receiving, office operations, and manufacturing.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Recycling can help reduce disposal costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> While the individual cost of purchasing reusable items may be more than disposable products, realizing the long-term benefits of reusable items and life-cycle cost comparisons can balance the initial costs. The life cycle costs include not only the purchase price but also its use by employees, distribution, sterilization of reusable products, and the cost for waste disposal. Consider factors such as its effects on the health of employees and the impacts on the environment. Some source reduction and recycling practices require a change in habits rather than a change in cost.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Source reduction can decrease the quantity of waste generated when a natural or human-caused disaster occurs. Proactive strategies for waste-related issues associated with disasters is an integral part of resilience planning.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> Reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> The State of New Jersey. “Recycling in NJ: Source Reduction (Waste Reduction).” <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/source_red.htm%20\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/source_red.htm</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. “Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the United States.” <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/snapshot.pdf%20\">http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/snapshot.pdf</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> USGBC. The How and Why of Waste Audits at USGBC. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/how-and-why-waste-audits-usgbc\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/how-and-why-waste-audits-usgbc</a>  (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> NYC DEC. Practical Source Reduction Tips for Business. <a href=\"http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8822.html\">http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8822.html</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/reducewaste/business\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/reducewaste/business</a>  (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> NERC. “New Jersey Environmental Benefits Fact Sheet on Recycling.” <a href=\"http://www.nerc.org/documents/fsheets/nj-factsht.html%20\">http://www.nerc.org/documents/fsheets/nj-factsht.html</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Stopwaste.org. Recycling and Climate Protection. <a href=\"http://www.stopwaste.org/recycling/business/recycling-and-climate-protection\">http://www.stopwaste.org/recycling/business/recycling-and-climate-protection</a>  (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> US EPA. Wastes – WasteWise Program.  <a href=\"https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/smm/wastewise/web/html/cost.html\">https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/smm/wastewise/web/html/cost.html</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> US EPA. Managing and Reducing Wastes: A Guide for Commercial Buildings. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/managing-and-reducing-wastes-guide-commercial-buildings\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/managing-and-reducing-wastes-guide-commercial-buildings</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Life Cycle Approach. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/plan/399/life-cycle-approach\">https://sftool.gov/plan/399/life-cycle-approach</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> US EPA. Waste Management Planning to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/homeland-security-waste/waste-management-planning-mitigate-impact-climate-change\">https://www.epa.gov/homeland-security-waste/waste-management-planning-mitigate-impact-climate-change</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/plan/399/life-cycle-approach\">GSA – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Life Cycle Approach</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/\">NJ DEP – Bureau of Recycling and Planning</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/source_red.htm\">NJ DEP – Source Reduction (Waste Reduction)</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://des.nh.gov/organization/commissioner/pip/factsheets/hw/documents/hw-8.pdf\">Reducing Hazardous Wastes in Your Business </a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8822.html\">Source Reduction Tips for Businesses</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/managing-and-reducing-wastes-guide-commercial-buildings\">US EPA – Managing and Reducing Wastes: A Guide for Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/recycle/reducing-and-reusing-basics\">US EPA – Reducing and Reusing Basics</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/recycle\">US EPA – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Source Reduction and Recycling','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-source-reduction-and-recycling','','','2022-04-18 16:02:27','2022-04-18 16:02:27','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1777',0,'post','',0),(1778,2,'2022-04-18 15:59:33','2022-04-18 15:59:33','','NC Source Reduction and Recycling','','inherit','closed','closed','','1777-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 15:59:33','2022-04-18 15:59:33','',1777,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1778',0,'revision','',0),(1780,2,'2022-04-18 16:02:24','2022-04-18 16:02:24','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Source Reduction and Recycling\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Source Reduction and Recycling?</h2>\n<p>Source reduction refers to reducing the amount (by weight or volume) or toxicity of waste that enters the solid waste stream. Recycling turns materials that would otherwise become waste into new resources.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Additionally, source reduction is the first tier in the waste management process. Source reduction decreases the amount of waste that enters the solid waste stream as well as decreases the disposal of toxic materials by sourcing fewer products out of toxic materials. Making products more durable and longer lasting are also activities synonymous with source reduction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>According to the US EPA, “Commercial wastes from business and industry make up between 35 and 45 percent of the U.S. municipal solid waste stream.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Source reduction activities not only conserve natural resources but also conserve the fuel used to make the products. From a business perspective, source reduction can save money in disposal and replacement costs. Source reduction aims to reuse materials (i.e., packaging materials, office furnishings) and not produce or minimize waste whenever possible. Everything put into the trash represents money spent on materials as well as money spent on removing those materials.</p>\n<h2>How to Implement Source Reduction and Recycling</h2>\n<p>Before starting a source reduction and recycling program, it is helpful to conduct a waste audit of the building. A waste audit determines what type, how much, and the toxicity content of waste produced by the building. The waste audit also details the sources of waste and the reasons for waste production. This information can inform better purchasing practices and environmental protection. A waste audit outlines a series of steps one should take to achieve waste and cost reduction goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>To start a source reduction and recycling program in a commercial building, a written plan that details the proposed program should be created by the building owner or business owner. This plan should be made readily available and accessible to all current and future tenants or occupants of the building. A plan should include the types of materials to be collected and recycled, as well as the types of source reduction strategies to be implemented. Implement source separation of three recyclable materials (i.e., paper, glass, plastic) should be implemented and the collection method and target recycling goals should be displayed. The program should be periodically reviewed and updated.  Along with the detailed plan, develop an educational program to inform all occupants of the new strategies. This educational program should explain how building occupants can contribute to the recycling and source reduction program and why it is essential to take part in those activities. Deliver the educational program via email, social media, permanent signs (marking locations of recycling bins) or meetings. Make notifications to occupants in a timely fashion of any changes to the program. Lastly, have facility managers conduct regular checks to guarantee that the source reduction and recycling program follows protocol.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Source reduction intersects with all aspects of operations from purchasing practices to office practices to shipping and receiving procedures to the lunchroom.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> While there are many areas to focus on source reduction and recycling programs, computer paper is one of the most significant contributors to the solid waste stream from the workplace. Computer paper costs money to buy, store, and print, while wasting paper leads to profit losses and negative environmental impacts. Though it is essential to recycle computer paper when possible, it is more environmentally and fiscally responsible for reducing the amount of paper purchased. Print two-sided documents if printing is necessary but aims to post notices electronically and send documents for review via email. Communicate with occupants about the importance of conserving paper and that simple actions such as reusing materials can contribute to saving money on office supplies. Locate paper-recycling bins next to printers and trash cans and to encourage paper recycling.  (See <em>Recycling Centers</em> strategy).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h3>Example</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/how-and-why-waste-audits-usgbc\">USGBC Waste Audits and Waste Diversion Efforts</a></p>\n<p>Each quarter, the USGBC facilities team and janitorial crew works with a waste consultant to implement waste audits at the USGBC headquarters, allows the team to analyze the facility’s waste stream and work towards improvements in the facility’s waste diversion rate. As an organization, USGBC also works to minimize waste off-site and meetings and conferences.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_225\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"528\"]<img class=\"wp-image-225 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Source-Redcution-Recycling-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Volunteers help attendees at Greenbuild International Conference and Expo learn about waste diversion practices at the conference (Source: usgbc.org)\" width=\"528\" height=\"354\" /> Figure 1 – Volunteers help attendees at Greenbuild International Conference and Expo learn about waste diversion practices at the conference (Source: usgbc.org)[/caption]\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Source reduction and recycling can save money and reduce the amount of material entering the solid waste stream. Recycling reduces the amount of strain put on landfills and incinerators, which decreases air and water contamination as well as preserving open space. Additionally, recycling conserves resources and reduces the need for new resources to be extracted from forests, oil wells, and mines, among others.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Recycling also has many indirect benefits. Recycling can lead to the creation of jobs and tax revenues that can make communities stronger and more prone to start environmentally responsible initiatives. Also, recycling can reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG’s) because the production, transport, and disposing of solid waste produces GHG’s.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>EPA’s WasteWise partners have documented that source reduction can lead to cost savings, particularly in shipping and receiving, office operations, and manufacturing.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Recycling can help reduce disposal costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> While the individual cost of purchasing reusable items may be more than disposable products, realizing the long-term benefits of reusable items and life-cycle cost comparisons can balance the initial costs. The life cycle costs include not only the purchase price but also its use by employees, distribution, sterilization of reusable products, and the cost for waste disposal. Consider factors such as its effects on the health of employees and the impacts on the environment. Some source reduction and recycling practices require a change in habits rather than a change in cost.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Source reduction can decrease the quantity of waste generated when a natural or human-caused disaster occurs. Proactive strategies for waste-related issues associated with disasters is an integral part of resilience planning.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> Reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> The State of New Jersey. “Recycling in NJ: Source Reduction (Waste Reduction).” <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/source_red.htm%20\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/source_red.htm</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. “Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the United States.” <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/snapshot.pdf%20\">http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/snapshot.pdf</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> USGBC. The How and Why of Waste Audits at USGBC. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/how-and-why-waste-audits-usgbc\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/how-and-why-waste-audits-usgbc</a>  (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> NYC DEC. Practical Source Reduction Tips for Business. <a href=\"http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8822.html\">http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8822.html</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/reducewaste/business\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/reducewaste/business</a>  (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> NERC. “New Jersey Environmental Benefits Fact Sheet on Recycling.” <a href=\"http://www.nerc.org/documents/fsheets/nj-factsht.html%20\">http://www.nerc.org/documents/fsheets/nj-factsht.html</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Stopwaste.org. Recycling and Climate Protection. <a href=\"http://www.stopwaste.org/recycling/business/recycling-and-climate-protection\">http://www.stopwaste.org/recycling/business/recycling-and-climate-protection</a>  (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> US EPA. Wastes – WasteWise Program.  <a href=\"https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/smm/wastewise/web/html/cost.html\">https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/smm/wastewise/web/html/cost.html</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> US EPA. Managing and Reducing Wastes: A Guide for Commercial Buildings. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/managing-and-reducing-wastes-guide-commercial-buildings\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/managing-and-reducing-wastes-guide-commercial-buildings</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Life Cycle Approach. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/plan/399/life-cycle-approach\">https://sftool.gov/plan/399/life-cycle-approach</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> US EPA. Waste Management Planning to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/homeland-security-waste/waste-management-planning-mitigate-impact-climate-change\">https://www.epa.gov/homeland-security-waste/waste-management-planning-mitigate-impact-climate-change</a> (accessed March 24, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/plan/399/life-cycle-approach\">GSA – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Life Cycle Approach</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/\">NJ DEP – Bureau of Recycling and Planning</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/source_red.htm\">NJ DEP – Source Reduction (Waste Reduction)</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://des.nh.gov/organization/commissioner/pip/factsheets/hw/documents/hw-8.pdf\">Reducing Hazardous Wastes in Your Business </a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8822.html\">Source Reduction Tips for Businesses</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/managing-and-reducing-wastes-guide-commercial-buildings\">US EPA – Managing and Reducing Wastes: A Guide for Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/recycle/reducing-and-reusing-basics\">US EPA – Reducing and Reusing Basics</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/recycle\">US EPA – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Source Reduction and Recycling','','inherit','closed','closed','','1777-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 16:02:24','2022-04-18 16:02:24','',1777,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1780',0,'revision','',0),(1783,2,'2022-04-18 16:02:52','2022-04-18 16:02:52','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"New Commercial Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green commercial buildings with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing commercial buildings. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>Best practice strategies include all aspects of green building and design with an added focus on those that jointly promote energy efficiency and resiliency in keeping with the State of New Jersey policy objectives. The Manual organizes best practice strategies according to an operational framework based on a design-build-operate-evaluate process. Each strategy includes a short explanation or definition, implementation recommendations, New Jersey specific examples (when available), and sections on strategy benefits, costs, resiliency (if applicable), and additional resources.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/building-information-modeling-bim/\">Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-cost-analysis/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-brownfield-and-infill-sites/\">Brownfield and Infill Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-site-protection/\">Site Protection Plan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><strong>Envelope</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Massing</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Mechanicals and Equipment</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-part-load-efficiency/\">Part-Load Efficiency</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Energy Supply</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/\">Biomass Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-geothermal-energy-systems/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Wind Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-pv-systems/\">Photovoltaic Systems (PV)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-thermal-systems/\">Solar Thermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Re-use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-construction-indoor-air-quality-iaq-management-plan/\">Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Workspaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-Toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-reflectance-hardscape-materials/\">High Reflectance Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-light-pollution-reduction/\">Light Pollution Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-pervious-hardscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><strong>Envelope</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-cool-roofs/\">Cool Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Mechanicals and Equipment</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-chilled-beams/\">Chilled Beams</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-control-ventilation/\">Demand Control Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-recovery-systems/\">Energy Recovery Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/n/\">Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/\">Acoustic Comfort</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/\">Entryway Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-composting/\">Composting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-power/\">Green Power</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management (IPM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-preventative-maintenance/\">Preventative Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-recycling-centers/\">Recycling Centers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"3\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','New Commercial','','inherit','closed','closed','','659-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 16:02:52','2022-04-18 16:02:52','',659,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1783',0,'revision','',0),(1785,2,'2022-04-18 16:07:44','2022-04-18 16:07:44','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB)\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What are Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings? </strong></h2>\n<p>A Grid-interactive Efficient Building (GEB) refers to an energy efficient building with smart technologies (e.g., smart meters, appliances, sensors and controls) designed to utilize multiple distributed energy resources (DERs) including solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, combined heat and power (CHP), energy storage, demand response (DR), electric vehicles (EVs), microgrids, and energy efficiency in an integrated way to optimize energy use for grid services (i.e., generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity from utility to consumer) and building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Figure 1 shows several key features of GEBs. They are <em>energy-efficient</em> with high-performance features designed to reduce both net energy consumption and peak demand. Second, they are <em>connected</em>, with two-way communication capabilities that allow for response to grid conditions. Next, they are also <em>smart</em> with sensors and controls to optimize energy use for occupant patterns and preferences, utility price signals, weather forecasts, and available on-site generation and storage. Finally, they are <em>flexible </em>with the ability to reduce, shed, shift, modulate or generate electricity.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_51\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"830\"]<img class=\"wp-image-51 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Grid-Interactive-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Grid-interactive Efficient Building Key Characteristics (Source: U.S. DOE Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings 2019).\" width=\"830\" height=\"394\" /> Figure 1 – Grid-interactive Efficient Building Key Characteristics (Source: U.S. DOE Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings 2019).[/caption]<p>Traditional buildings do not interact with the grid or exchange energy data information. Smart buildings with advanced sensors and controls, and connected devices can utilize a variety of distribute energy resources (DERs) but often manage them separately. For example, smart metered buildings employ advanced meters that record and communicate electricity consumption in short-time intervals back to the utility, providing two-way communication, support for advanced monitoring and payment systems, and remote disablement and enablement of supply (see <em>Smart Meters</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Smart metered buildings with on-site renewable energy generation (see <em>Photovoltaic Systems and On-Site Wind Energy Generation Systems</em>) and energy storage (see<em> Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</em>) can signal consumers to use renewable electricity when available, store excess when not needed or sell excess electricity to the grid. Electric vehicles can provide energy storage for energy generated on-site or from the grid when electricity demand is low (see <em>Alternative Transportation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Demand response ready devices and appliances can be automatically controlled by energy providers or incentivized through demand response programs to motivate consumers to reduce or shift energy use to off-peak hours.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB) move beyond the siloed smart building approach to integrate across DERs, managing interactions and benefiting from synergies. Table 1 illustrates the integrated approach of GEBs. In this example, GEB is the sum (i.e., integrated DER approach) of the energy-efficiency and demand response columns (i.e., single DER approaches) and the additional capabilities of the GEB column.</p>\n<p><strong>Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach</strong></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_334\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"826\"]<img class=\"wp-image-334 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NC-Grid-Interactive-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach\" width=\"826\" height=\"826\" /> Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach Source: US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: GEB Overview. 11 Note: GEB is meant to be additive of EE and DR columns- GEB is the sum of efficiency, demand response, and the additional capabilities listed in the GEB column.[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Implementing a Grid-interactive Efficient Building (GEB)</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a Grid-interactive Efficient Building starts with optimizing energy efficiency, assessing DER opportunities and utilizing smart building technologies, which typically include installation of metering devices, communication networks, and data gathering and processing systems, as well as associated management and installation requirements.</p>\n<p>The decision to install smart sensors and controls and the type of technologies selected depends on the size of the building and the building’s intended use. Smart system set-up and installation requires expert assistance. Look for devices with interoperability between smart building technologies and with demand response functionality to allow for changes and updates over time as new products, services and incentive programs become available.</p>\n<p>While sensors and controls may require cabling and cable pathways, an increasing number of applications now offer wireless capabilities. While sensors that do not depend on external power are available and recommended, sensors and controls that do rely on the grid and network connections require backup options for electric power and network connection in case of a power or network failure.</p>\n<p>Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current incentives and programs that support smart building technologies that increase energy-efficiency.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.smartneighbor.com/pages/reynolds-landing\">Connected Neighborhoods Project</a></p>\n<p>The Connected Neighborhoods Project recognizes the opportunities for maximizing building-to-grid interaction across a set of buildings. The first Smart Neighborhood, located in Birmingham, Alabama, is a joint project between Alabama Power, Signature Homes, and researchers at Southern Company, U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge Laboratory and the Electric Power Research Institute. This project integrates 62 high-performance homes with energy efficient systems and smart technologies, and a community-scale microgrid with PV panels, battery storage, and a backup natural gas generator to optimize grid services, cost savings, and resiliency.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>GEBs provide benefits to the grid by shifting energy loads to off-peak times with more efficient generation from renewable sources thus reducing the need for additional generation from expensive standby power plants, and resulting air pollution, and preventing supply interruptions, grid congestion, and line losses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> GEBs also help to balance new loads such as electric vehicles (EVs) and to support the electrification of transportation by hosting two-way EV charging locations. Also, GEBs can provide utilities with information for conducting load forecasting, tracking renewable energy generation and storage, providing better monitoring of service quality, improving management of service outages, and initiating demand response programs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>GEBs add value to building owners by transforming traditional but flexible building energy demands like lighting and HVAC, along with DERs into energy assets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> GEBs equipped with smart technologies can respond to electric grid conditions, which helps avert system stress, enhancing the reliability of the entire grid. For building owners and operators, the benefits include cost-savings and efficiency gains from a better understanding of energy consumption patterns, advanced load and asset control mechanisms, and increased demand response and DER opportunities.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The initial cost, energy savings, and payback of GEB varies depending on the building’s technological features, size, layout, and existing building capabilities. In general, whole building applications benefit from economies of scale and cost less to install per square foot in larger buildings than in smaller ones. Advances in wireless technologies have also lowered installation and commissioning costs compared to wired devices. Savings from the reduced utility demand charges often help cover the costs of building automatic systems and smart sensors and controls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency </strong></h2>\n<p>GEBs increase resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging into the electric grid. During storms or power outages, GEBs help accelerate service restoration by identifying problem areas and efficiently dispatching work crews, thereby reducing repair costs and total outage times, limiting business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. April 2019. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings: Overview <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf</a>  (accessed April 29, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Connected Devices Alliance (CDA). 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes\">https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes</a> (accessed August 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Smart Home. Home Automation Buying Guide. <a href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/\">https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/</a>  (accessed May 3, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> 2006 FERC Report, 18 <a href=\"http://www.ferc.gov/legal/staff-reports/demand-response.pdf\">http://www.ferc.gov/legal/staff-reports/demand-response.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. April 2019. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings: Overview <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf</a>  (accessed April 29, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> EPRI. “Estimating the Cost and Benefits of the Smart Grid.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf</a> (accessed May 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170513121841/https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-recovery-systems/\">Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak-Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/resource/gridoptimal/\">New Buildings Institute (NBI) GridOptimal Buildings Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/transportation/project-ev-grid-integration.html\">NREL Electric Vehicle Grid Integration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/grid-interactive-efficient-buildings\">US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings GEB','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-grid-interactive-efficient-buildings-geb','','','2022-06-23 17:43:21','2022-06-23 17:43:21','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1785',0,'post','',0),(1786,2,'2022-04-18 16:03:53','2022-04-18 16:03:53','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1785-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 16:03:53','2022-04-18 16:03:53','',1785,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1786',0,'revision','',0),(1789,2,'2022-04-18 16:07:44','2022-04-18 16:07:44','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB)\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What are Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings? </strong></h2>\n<p>A Grid-interactive Efficient Building (GEB) refers to an energy efficient building with smart technologies (e.g., smart meters, appliances, sensors and controls) designed to utilize multiple distributed energy resources (DERs) including solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, combined heat and power (CHP), energy storage, demand response (DR), electric vehicles (EVs), microgrids, and energy efficiency in an integrated way to optimize energy use for grid services (i.e., generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity from utility to consumer) and building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Figure 1 shows several key features of GEBs. They are <em>energy-efficient</em> with high-performance features designed to reduce both net energy consumption and peak demand. Second, they are <em>connected</em>, with two-way communication capabilities that allow for response to grid conditions. Next, they are also <em>smart</em> with sensors and controls to optimize energy use for occupant patterns and preferences, utility price signals, weather forecasts, and available on-site generation and storage. Finally, they are <em>flexible </em>with the ability to reduce, shed, shift, modulate or generate electricity.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_51\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"830\"]<img class=\"wp-image-51 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Grid-Interactive-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Grid-interactive Efficient Building Key Characteristics (Source: U.S. DOE Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings 2019).\" width=\"830\" height=\"394\" /> Figure 1 – Grid-interactive Efficient Building Key Characteristics (Source: U.S. DOE Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings 2019).[/caption]<p>Traditional buildings do not interact with the grid or exchange energy data information. Smart buildings with advanced sensors and controls, and connected devices can utilize a variety of distribute energy resources (DERs) but often manage them separately. For example, smart metered buildings employ advanced meters that record and communicate electricity consumption in short-time intervals back to the utility, providing two-way communication, support for advanced monitoring and payment systems, and remote disablement and enablement of supply (see <em>Smart Meters</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Smart metered buildings with on-site renewable energy generation (see <em>Photovoltaic Systems and On-Site Wind Energy Generation Systems</em>) and energy storage (see<em> Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</em>) can signal consumers to use renewable electricity when available, store excess when not needed or sell excess electricity to the grid. Electric vehicles can provide energy storage for energy generated on-site or from the grid when electricity demand is low (see <em>Alternative Transportation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Demand response ready devices and appliances can be automatically controlled by energy providers or incentivized through demand response programs to motivate consumers to reduce or shift energy use to off-peak hours.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB) move beyond the siloed smart building approach to integrate across DERs, managing interactions and benefiting from synergies. Table 1 illustrates the integrated approach of GEBs. In this example, GEB is the sum (i.e., integrated DER approach) of the energy-efficiency and demand response columns (i.e., single DER approaches) and the additional capabilities of the GEB column.</p>\n<p><strong>Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach</strong></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_334\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"826\"]<img class=\"wp-image-334 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NC-Grid-Interactive-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach\" width=\"826\" height=\"826\" /> Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach Source: US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: GEB Overview. 11 Note: GEB is meant to be additive of EE and DR columns- GEB is the sum of efficiency, demand response, and the additional capabilities listed in the GEB column.[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Implementing a Grid-interactive Efficient Building (GEB)</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a Grid-interactive Efficient Building starts with optimizing energy efficiency, assessing DER opportunities and utilizing smart building technologies, which typically include installation of metering devices, communication networks, and data gathering and processing systems, as well as associated management and installation requirements.</p>\n<p>The decision to install smart sensors and controls and the type of technologies selected depends on the size of the building and the building’s intended use. Smart system set-up and installation requires expert assistance. Look for devices with interoperability between smart building technologies and with demand response functionality to allow for changes and updates over time as new products, services and incentive programs become available.</p>\n<p>While sensors and controls may require cabling and cable pathways, an increasing number of applications now offer wireless capabilities. While sensors that do not depend on external power are available and recommended, sensors and controls that do rely on the grid and network connections require backup options for electric power and network connection in case of a power or network failure.</p>\n<p>Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current incentives and programs that support smart building technologies that increase energy-efficiency.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.smartneighbor.com/pages/reynolds-landing\">Connected Neighborhoods Project</a></p>\n<p>The Connected Neighborhoods Project recognizes the opportunities for maximizing building-to-grid interaction across a set of buildings. The first Smart Neighborhood, located in Birmingham, Alabama, is a joint project between Alabama Power, Signature Homes, and researchers at Southern Company, U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge Laboratory and the Electric Power Research Institute. This project integrates 62 high-performance homes with energy efficient systems and smart technologies, and a community-scale microgrid with PV panels, battery storage, and a backup natural gas generator to optimize grid services, cost savings, and resiliency.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>GEBs provide benefits to the grid by shifting energy loads to off-peak times with more efficient generation from renewable sources thus reducing the need for additional generation from expensive standby power plants, and resulting air pollution, and preventing supply interruptions, grid congestion, and line losses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> GEBs also help to balance new loads such as electric vehicles (EVs) and to support the electrification of transportation by hosting two-way EV charging locations. Also, GEBs can provide utilities with information for conducting load forecasting, tracking renewable energy generation and storage, providing better monitoring of service quality, improving management of service outages, and initiating demand response programs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>GEBs add value to building owners by transforming traditional but flexible building energy demands like lighting and HVAC, along with DERs into energy assets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> GEBs equipped with smart technologies can respond to electric grid conditions, which helps avert system stress, enhancing the reliability of the entire grid. For building owners and operators, the benefits include cost-savings and efficiency gains from a better understanding of energy consumption patterns, advanced load and asset control mechanisms, and increased demand response and DER opportunities.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The initial cost, energy savings, and payback of GEB varies depending on the building’s technological features, size, layout, and existing building capabilities. In general, whole building applications benefit from economies of scale and cost less to install per square foot in larger buildings than in smaller ones. Advances in wireless technologies have also lowered installation and commissioning costs compared to wired devices. Savings from the reduced utility demand charges often help cover the costs of building automatic systems and smart sensors and controls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency </strong></h2>\n<p>GEBs increase resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging into the electric grid. During storms or power outages, GEBs help accelerate service restoration by identifying problem areas and efficiently dispatching work crews, thereby reducing repair costs and total outage times, limiting business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. April 2019. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings: Overview <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf</a>  (accessed April 29, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Connected Devices Alliance (CDA). 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes\">https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes</a> (accessed August 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Smart Home. Home Automation Buying Guide. <a href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/\">https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/</a>  (accessed May 3, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> 2006 FERC Report, 18 <a href=\"http://www.ferc.gov/legal/staff-reports/demand-response.pdf\">http://www.ferc.gov/legal/staff-reports/demand-response.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. April 2019. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings: Overview <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf</a>  (accessed April 29, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> EPRI. “Estimating the Cost and Benefits of the Smart Grid.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf</a> (accessed May 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-recovery-systems/\">Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak-Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/resource/gridoptimal/\">New Buildings Institute (NBI) GridOptimal Buildings Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/transportation/project-ev-grid-integration.html\">NREL Electric Vehicle Grid Integration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/grid-interactive-efficient-buildings\">US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings GEB','','inherit','closed','closed','','1785-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 16:07:44','2022-04-18 16:07:44','',1785,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1789',0,'revision','',0),(1790,2,'2022-04-18 16:07:44','2022-04-18 16:07:44','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB)\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What are Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings? </strong></h2>\n<p>A Grid-interactive Efficient Building (GEB) refers to an energy efficient building with smart technologies (e.g., smart meters, appliances, sensors and controls) designed to utilize multiple distributed energy resources (DERs) including solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, combined heat and power (CHP), energy storage, demand response (DR), electric vehicles (EVs), microgrids, and energy efficiency in an integrated way to optimize energy use for grid services (i.e., generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity from utility to consumer) and building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Figure 1 shows several key features of GEBs. They are <em>energy-efficient</em> with high-performance features designed to reduce both net energy consumption and peak demand. Second, they are <em>connected</em>, with two-way communication capabilities that allow for response to grid conditions. Next, they are also <em>smart</em> with sensors and controls to optimize energy use for occupant patterns and preferences, utility price signals, weather forecasts, and available on-site generation and storage. Finally, they are <em>flexible </em>with the ability to reduce, shed, shift, modulate or generate electricity.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_51\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"830\"]<img class=\"wp-image-51 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Grid-Interactive-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Grid-interactive Efficient Building Key Characteristics (Source: U.S. DOE Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings 2019).\" width=\"830\" height=\"394\" /> Figure 1 – Grid-interactive Efficient Building Key Characteristics (Source: U.S. DOE Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings 2019).[/caption]<p>Traditional buildings do not interact with the grid or exchange energy data information. Smart buildings with advanced sensors and controls, and connected devices can utilize a variety of distribute energy resources (DERs) but often manage them separately. For example, smart metered buildings employ advanced meters that record and communicate electricity consumption in short-time intervals back to the utility, providing two-way communication, support for advanced monitoring and payment systems, and remote disablement and enablement of supply (see <em>Smart Meters</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Smart metered buildings with on-site renewable energy generation (see <em>Photovoltaic Systems and On-Site Wind Energy Generation Systems</em>) and energy storage (see<em> Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</em>) can signal consumers to use renewable electricity when available, store excess when not needed or sell excess electricity to the grid. Electric vehicles can provide energy storage for energy generated on-site or from the grid when electricity demand is low (see <em>Alternative Transportation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Demand response ready devices and appliances can be automatically controlled by energy providers or incentivized through demand response programs to motivate consumers to reduce or shift energy use to off-peak hours.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB) move beyond the siloed smart building approach to integrate across DERs, managing interactions and benefiting from synergies. Table 1 illustrates the integrated approach of GEBs. In this example, GEB is the sum (i.e., integrated DER approach) of the energy-efficiency and demand response columns (i.e., single DER approaches) and the additional capabilities of the GEB column.</p>\n<p><strong>Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach</strong></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_334\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"826\"]<img class=\"wp-image-334 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NC-Grid-Interactive-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach\" width=\"826\" height=\"826\" /> Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach Source: US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: GEB Overview. 11 Note: GEB is meant to be additive of EE and DR columns- GEB is the sum of efficiency, demand response, and the additional capabilities listed in the GEB column.[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Implementing a Grid-interactive Efficient Building (GEB)</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a Grid-interactive Efficient Building starts with optimizing energy efficiency, assessing DER opportunities and utilizing smart building technologies, which typically include installation of metering devices, communication networks, and data gathering and processing systems, as well as associated management and installation requirements.</p>\n<p>The decision to install smart sensors and controls and the type of technologies selected depends on the size of the building and the building’s intended use. Smart system set-up and installation requires expert assistance. Look for devices with interoperability between smart building technologies and with demand response functionality to allow for changes and updates over time as new products, services and incentive programs become available.</p>\n<p>While sensors and controls may require cabling and cable pathways, an increasing number of applications now offer wireless capabilities. While sensors that do not depend on external power are available and recommended, sensors and controls that do rely on the grid and network connections require backup options for electric power and network connection in case of a power or network failure.</p>\n<p>Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current incentives and programs that support smart building technologies that increase energy-efficiency.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.smartneighbor.com/pages/reynolds-landing\">Connected Neighborhoods Project</a></p>\n<p>The Connected Neighborhoods Project recognizes the opportunities for maximizing building-to-grid interaction across a set of buildings. The first Smart Neighborhood, located in Birmingham, Alabama, is a joint project between Alabama Power, Signature Homes, and researchers at Southern Company, U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge Laboratory and the Electric Power Research Institute. This project integrates 62 high-performance homes with energy efficient systems and smart technologies, and a community-scale microgrid with PV panels, battery storage, and a backup natural gas generator to optimize grid services, cost savings, and resiliency.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>GEBs provide benefits to the grid by shifting energy loads to off-peak times with more efficient generation from renewable sources thus reducing the need for additional generation from expensive standby power plants, and resulting air pollution, and preventing supply interruptions, grid congestion, and line losses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> GEBs also help to balance new loads such as electric vehicles (EVs) and to support the electrification of transportation by hosting two-way EV charging locations. Also, GEBs can provide utilities with information for conducting load forecasting, tracking renewable energy generation and storage, providing better monitoring of service quality, improving management of service outages, and initiating demand response programs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>GEBs add value to building owners by transforming traditional but flexible building energy demands like lighting and HVAC, along with DERs into energy assets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> GEBs equipped with smart technologies can respond to electric grid conditions, which helps avert system stress, enhancing the reliability of the entire grid. For building owners and operators, the benefits include cost-savings and efficiency gains from a better understanding of energy consumption patterns, advanced load and asset control mechanisms, and increased demand response and DER opportunities.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The initial cost, energy savings, and payback of GEB varies depending on the building’s technological features, size, layout, and existing building capabilities. In general, whole building applications benefit from economies of scale and cost less to install per square foot in larger buildings than in smaller ones. Advances in wireless technologies have also lowered installation and commissioning costs compared to wired devices. Savings from the reduced utility demand charges often help cover the costs of building automatic systems and smart sensors and controls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency </strong></h2>\n<p>GEBs increase resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging into the electric grid. During storms or power outages, GEBs help accelerate service restoration by identifying problem areas and efficiently dispatching work crews, thereby reducing repair costs and total outage times, limiting business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. April 2019. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings: Overview <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf</a>  (accessed April 29, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Connected Devices Alliance (CDA). 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes\">https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes</a> (accessed August 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Smart Home. Home Automation Buying Guide. <a href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/\">https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/</a>  (accessed May 3, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> 2006 FERC Report, 18 <a href=\"http://www.ferc.gov/legal/staff-reports/demand-response.pdf\">http://www.ferc.gov/legal/staff-reports/demand-response.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. April 2019. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings: Overview <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf</a>  (accessed April 29, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> EPRI. “Estimating the Cost and Benefits of the Smart Grid.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf</a> (accessed May 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-recovery-systems/\">Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak-Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/resource/gridoptimal/\">New Buildings Institute (NBI) GridOptimal Buildings Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/transportation/project-ev-grid-integration.html\">NREL Electric Vehicle Grid Integration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/grid-interactive-efficient-buildings\">US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1785-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 16:07:44','2022-04-18 16:07:44','',1785,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1790',0,'revision','',0),(1792,2,'2022-04-18 16:07:47','2022-04-18 16:07:47','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB)\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What are Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings? </strong></h2>\n<p>A Grid-interactive Efficient Building (GEB) refers to an energy efficient building with smart technologies (e.g., smart meters, appliances, sensors and controls) designed to utilize multiple distributed energy resources (DERs) including solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, combined heat and power (CHP), energy storage, demand response (DR), electric vehicles (EVs), microgrids, and energy efficiency in an integrated way to optimize energy use for grid services (i.e., generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity from utility to consumer) and building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Figure 1 shows several key features of GEBs. They are <em>energy-efficient</em> with high-performance features designed to reduce both net energy consumption and peak demand. Second, they are <em>connected</em>, with two-way communication capabilities that allow for response to grid conditions. Next, they are also <em>smart</em> with sensors and controls to optimize energy use for occupant patterns and preferences, utility price signals, weather forecasts, and available on-site generation and storage. Finally, they are <em>flexible </em>with the ability to reduce, shed, shift, modulate or generate electricity.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_51\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"830\"]<img class=\"wp-image-51 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Grid-Interactive-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Grid-interactive Efficient Building Key Characteristics (Source: U.S. DOE Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings 2019).\" width=\"830\" height=\"394\" /> Figure 1 – Grid-interactive Efficient Building Key Characteristics (Source: U.S. DOE Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings 2019).[/caption]<p>Traditional buildings do not interact with the grid or exchange energy data information. Smart buildings with advanced sensors and controls, and connected devices can utilize a variety of distribute energy resources (DERs) but often manage them separately. For example, smart metered buildings employ advanced meters that record and communicate electricity consumption in short-time intervals back to the utility, providing two-way communication, support for advanced monitoring and payment systems, and remote disablement and enablement of supply (see <em>Smart Meters</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Smart metered buildings with on-site renewable energy generation (see <em>Photovoltaic Systems and On-Site Wind Energy Generation Systems</em>) and energy storage (see<em> Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</em>) can signal consumers to use renewable electricity when available, store excess when not needed or sell excess electricity to the grid. Electric vehicles can provide energy storage for energy generated on-site or from the grid when electricity demand is low (see <em>Alternative Transportation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Demand response ready devices and appliances can be automatically controlled by energy providers or incentivized through demand response programs to motivate consumers to reduce or shift energy use to off-peak hours.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB) move beyond the siloed smart building approach to integrate across DERs, managing interactions and benefiting from synergies. Table 1 illustrates the integrated approach of GEBs. In this example, GEB is the sum (i.e., integrated DER approach) of the energy-efficiency and demand response columns (i.e., single DER approaches) and the additional capabilities of the GEB column.</p>\n<p><strong>Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach</strong></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_334\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"826\"]<img class=\"wp-image-334 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NC-Grid-Interactive-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach\" width=\"826\" height=\"826\" /> Table 1 – Single vs. Integrated Distribute Energy Resources (DER) Approach Source: US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: GEB Overview. 11 Note: GEB is meant to be additive of EE and DR columns- GEB is the sum of efficiency, demand response, and the additional capabilities listed in the GEB column.[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Implementing a Grid-interactive Efficient Building (GEB)</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a Grid-interactive Efficient Building starts with optimizing energy efficiency, assessing DER opportunities and utilizing smart building technologies, which typically include installation of metering devices, communication networks, and data gathering and processing systems, as well as associated management and installation requirements.</p>\n<p>The decision to install smart sensors and controls and the type of technologies selected depends on the size of the building and the building’s intended use. Smart system set-up and installation requires expert assistance. Look for devices with interoperability between smart building technologies and with demand response functionality to allow for changes and updates over time as new products, services and incentive programs become available.</p>\n<p>While sensors and controls may require cabling and cable pathways, an increasing number of applications now offer wireless capabilities. While sensors that do not depend on external power are available and recommended, sensors and controls that do rely on the grid and network connections require backup options for electric power and network connection in case of a power or network failure.</p>\n<p>Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current incentives and programs that support smart building technologies that increase energy-efficiency.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.smartneighbor.com/pages/reynolds-landing\">Connected Neighborhoods Project</a></p>\n<p>The Connected Neighborhoods Project recognizes the opportunities for maximizing building-to-grid interaction across a set of buildings. The first Smart Neighborhood, located in Birmingham, Alabama, is a joint project between Alabama Power, Signature Homes, and researchers at Southern Company, U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge Laboratory and the Electric Power Research Institute. This project integrates 62 high-performance homes with energy efficient systems and smart technologies, and a community-scale microgrid with PV panels, battery storage, and a backup natural gas generator to optimize grid services, cost savings, and resiliency.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>GEBs provide benefits to the grid by shifting energy loads to off-peak times with more efficient generation from renewable sources thus reducing the need for additional generation from expensive standby power plants, and resulting air pollution, and preventing supply interruptions, grid congestion, and line losses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> GEBs also help to balance new loads such as electric vehicles (EVs) and to support the electrification of transportation by hosting two-way EV charging locations. Also, GEBs can provide utilities with information for conducting load forecasting, tracking renewable energy generation and storage, providing better monitoring of service quality, improving management of service outages, and initiating demand response programs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>GEBs add value to building owners by transforming traditional but flexible building energy demands like lighting and HVAC, along with DERs into energy assets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> GEBs equipped with smart technologies can respond to electric grid conditions, which helps avert system stress, enhancing the reliability of the entire grid. For building owners and operators, the benefits include cost-savings and efficiency gains from a better understanding of energy consumption patterns, advanced load and asset control mechanisms, and increased demand response and DER opportunities.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The initial cost, energy savings, and payback of GEB varies depending on the building’s technological features, size, layout, and existing building capabilities. In general, whole building applications benefit from economies of scale and cost less to install per square foot in larger buildings than in smaller ones. Advances in wireless technologies have also lowered installation and commissioning costs compared to wired devices. Savings from the reduced utility demand charges often help cover the costs of building automatic systems and smart sensors and controls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency </strong></h2>\n<p>GEBs increase resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging into the electric grid. During storms or power outages, GEBs help accelerate service restoration by identifying problem areas and efficiently dispatching work crews, thereby reducing repair costs and total outage times, limiting business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. April 2019. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings: Overview <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf</a>  (accessed April 29, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Connected Devices Alliance (CDA). 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes\">https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes</a> (accessed August 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Smart Home. Home Automation Buying Guide. <a href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/\">https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/</a>  (accessed May 3, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> 2006 FERC Report, 18 <a href=\"http://www.ferc.gov/legal/staff-reports/demand-response.pdf\">http://www.ferc.gov/legal/staff-reports/demand-response.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. April 2019. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings: Overview <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/04/f61/bto-geb_overview-4.15.19.pdf</a>  (accessed April 29, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> EPRI. “Estimating the Cost and Benefits of the Smart Grid.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf</a> (accessed May 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-recovery-systems/\">Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak-Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/resource/gridoptimal/\">New Buildings Institute (NBI) GridOptimal Buildings Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/transportation/project-ev-grid-integration.html\">NREL Electric Vehicle Grid Integration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/grid-interactive-efficient-buildings\">US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings GEB','','inherit','closed','closed','','1785-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 16:07:47','2022-04-18 16:07:47','',1785,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1792',0,'revision','',0),(1793,2,'2022-04-18 16:13:34','2022-04-18 16:13:34','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"High-Efficiency Lighting System and NLCs\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are High-Efficiency Lighting System and NLCs?</h2>\n<p>A high-efficiency lighting system integrates daylighting and energy efficient electrical lighting with networked lighting controls (NLCs), to provide a comfortable environment for occupants while reducing energy usage and costs (see <em>Daylighting, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Lighting accounts for 17% of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings and contributes to a building’s cooling load by emitting waste heat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> More stringent building codes, a phasing out of traditional lighting technologies (e.g., incandescents), utility incentives and rebates, and more energy efficient federal standards for lighting applications (e.g., screw-in light bulbs) have helped to drive the market for energy-efficient lighting technologies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>For example, fluorescent and high emitting diodes (HIDs) replaced incandescents, regarding energy efficiency and performance in the same way that LEDs (light emitting diodes) promise to command the commercial building sector, as LED technology and performance advance beyond screw-based fixtures to linear fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Fig 1 shows an OLED (organic light emitting diode), an emerging lighting technology, which utilizes carbon-based materials and can be molded into a variety of thin-profile configurations such as tiles and window-like materials to provide diffuse light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> OLEDs hold the potential to outperform LEDs as the technology commercializes and costs decline. Advances in materials, optics, electronic design, and smart sensors and controls, including lighting technologies paired with networked lighting controls, promise to offer additional performance and efficiency gains and an enhanced occupant experience through daylight harvesting, vacancy sensing, and task tuning. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> By providing a foundation for future applications of the IoT (Internet of Things), networked lighting controls may also hold the potential to create new benefits and functions beyond supplying basic illumination, such as enhanced security, indoor environmental quality monitoring, and remote maintenance and service (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_589\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"616\"]<img class=\"wp-image-589 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficienct-Lighting-Systems-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)\" width=\"616\" height=\"318\" /> Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate a High-Efficiency Lighting System and NCLs?</strong></h2>\n<p>Electrical lighting design involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts (see <em>Energy-Efficient Windows, Glare, and Heat Gain Reduction, and Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).</p>\n<p>Lighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting and lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>The following provides general best practice guidance on how to optimize daylighting and electrical lighting in new commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide primary or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n<li>Specify lighting products from the <a href=\"https://www.designlights.org/\">DesignLights Consortium</a> or <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">ENERGY STAR</a> qualified product lists.</li>\n<li>Use vacancy sensors (manual on, automatic off) as opposed to occupancy sensors (automatic on, automatic off) to save energy by requiring occupants to flip a switch if they require additional light.</li>\n<li>Provide adjustable task lighting at individual workspaces to save energy by directing appropriate lighting to specific tasks.</li>\n<li>Incorporate exterior motion sensors to save energy and enhance security and safety.</li>\n<li>Consider photo-luminescent egress signage subject to local fire code.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<p>GSA Proving Ground – Advanced Lighting Controls and LED</p>\n<p>This case study conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) investigated LED lighting and Advanced Lighting Controls (ALCs), including light-level tuning, occupancy sensing, and daylight harvesting in open-plan office buildings. The results showed 43% energy savings for buildings that utilized LED and ALCs compared to buildings that only implemented LED lighting. The study also found a significant increase in occupant satisfaction in buildings that utilized light-level tuning. The study concluded that LED and ALCs increase in cost-effectiveness in buildings with high utility rates, generous incentives, and open floor plans.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Supplementing natural daylight with high-efficiency lighting systems and NLCs provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through energy efficiency gains and reduced maintenance and replacement costs through longer-lasting bulbs and fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced number of toxic chemicals released into the waste stream and reduced light pollution.</li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>High-efficiency lighting design and NLCs should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<p>The table below shows costs for Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaries<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_295\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1212\"]<img class=\"wp-image-295 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficiency-Networked-Lighting-Controls-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries\" width=\"1212\" height=\"482\" /> Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries[/caption]<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives. At the time of this writing, incentives for lighting controls range from $20-$45 per fixture. The incentives for performance lighting are $1.00 per watt below the allowable wattage as determined by ASHRAE 90.1-2013 baseline and $30 per eligible fixture. Prescriptive lighting incentives range from $5 to $150 per fixture.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing high-efficiency lighting and NCLs provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Daylit-optimized buildings paired with high-efficiency lighting systems and built-in backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. (WBDG). Energy Efficient Lighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php</a> (accessed May 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. CBECS 2012 – Trends in Lighting in Commercial Buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) requires general service lighting products sold as of January 1, 2020, to have an efficacy of at least 45 lumens per watt.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US DOE. 2017. OLED Basics. Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Iain Campbell et al. 2017. “A New Way to Think About Office Lighting.” Harvard Business Review. Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) Buildings Program. <a href=\"https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting\">https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119123555/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers. “Purchasing Energy-Efficient Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaires.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires</a> (accessed May 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> The Best Available Model category is calculated based on the most efficient model in the database collected from manufacturers as of February 2017.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> The Required Model category is calculated based on new FEMP designated efficiency requirements. Federal agencies must purchase products that meet or exceed FEMP designated efficiency requirements.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> The Less Efficient Model category is calculated based on the previous FEMP requirement for this product type.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?fromSir=0&amp;state=NJ\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.designlights.org\">DesignLights Consortium</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org\">Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iald.org\">International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://lightingpatternsforhealthybuildings.org\">Lighting Research Center, Lighting Patterns for Healthy Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nglia.org\">Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>General Service Administration (GSA)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/about-gsa%E2%80%99s-proving-ground-gpg\">Proving Ground</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov\">Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ’s Clean Energy Program</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">Commercial and Industrial Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">Lighting Incentives</a> (See Performance Lighting and Prescriptive Lighting)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/savings/search?keyword=lighting&amp;f%5B0%5D=im_field_rebate_state%3A860091\">Tax Credits, Rebates, and Savings (Lighting, New Jersey)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/solid-state-lighting\">US DOE – The Building Technologies Office’s Solid-State Lighting Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php?r=minimize_consumption\">Energy Efficient Lighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/electric-lighting-controls\">Electric Lighting Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC High-Efficiency Lighting System and NLCs','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls','','','2022-06-23 17:58:15','2022-06-23 17:58:15','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1793',0,'post','',0),(1794,2,'2022-04-18 16:08:59','2022-04-18 16:08:59','','NC High-Efficiency Lighting System and NLCs','','inherit','closed','closed','','1793-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 16:08:59','2022-04-18 16:08:59','',1793,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1794',0,'revision','',0),(1796,2,'2022-04-18 16:13:34','2022-04-18 16:13:34','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"High-Efficiency Lighting System and NLCs\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are High-Efficiency Lighting System and NLCs?</h2>\n<p>A high-efficiency lighting system integrates daylighting and energy efficient electrical lighting with networked lighting controls (NLCs), to provide a comfortable environment for occupants while reducing energy usage and costs (see <em>Daylighting, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Lighting accounts for 17% of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings and contributes to a building’s cooling load by emitting waste heat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> More stringent building codes, a phasing out of traditional lighting technologies (e.g., incandescents), utility incentives and rebates, and more energy efficient federal standards for lighting applications (e.g., screw-in light bulbs) have helped to drive the market for energy-efficient lighting technologies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>For example, fluorescent and high emitting diodes (HIDs) replaced incandescents, regarding energy efficiency and performance in the same way that LEDs (light emitting diodes) promise to command the commercial building sector, as LED technology and performance advance beyond screw-based fixtures to linear fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Fig 1 shows an OLED (organic light emitting diode), an emerging lighting technology, which utilizes carbon-based materials and can be molded into a variety of thin-profile configurations such as tiles and window-like materials to provide diffuse light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> OLEDs hold the potential to outperform LEDs as the technology commercializes and costs decline. Advances in materials, optics, electronic design, and smart sensors and controls, including lighting technologies paired with networked lighting controls, promise to offer additional performance and efficiency gains and an enhanced occupant experience through daylight harvesting, vacancy sensing, and task tuning. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> By providing a foundation for future applications of the IoT (Internet of Things), networked lighting controls may also hold the potential to create new benefits and functions beyond supplying basic illumination, such as enhanced security, indoor environmental quality monitoring, and remote maintenance and service (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_589\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"616\"]<img class=\"wp-image-589 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficienct-Lighting-Systems-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)\" width=\"616\" height=\"318\" /> Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate a High-Efficiency Lighting System and NCLs?</strong></h2>\n<p>Electrical lighting design involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts (see <em>Energy-Efficient Windows, Glare, and Heat Gain Reduction, and Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).</p>\n<p>Lighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting and lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>The following provides general best practice guidance on how to optimize daylighting and electrical lighting in new commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide primary or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n<li>Specify lighting products from the <a href=\"https://www.designlights.org/\">DesignLights Consortium</a> or <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">ENERGY STAR</a> qualified product lists.</li>\n<li>Use vacancy sensors (manual on, automatic off) as opposed to occupancy sensors (automatic on, automatic off) to save energy by requiring occupants to flip a switch if they require additional light.</li>\n<li>Provide adjustable task lighting at individual workspaces to save energy by directing appropriate lighting to specific tasks.</li>\n<li>Incorporate exterior motion sensors to save energy and enhance security and safety.</li>\n<li>Consider photo-luminescent egress signage subject to local fire code.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<p>GSA Proving Ground – Advanced Lighting Controls and LED</p>\n<p>This case study conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) investigated LED lighting and Advanced Lighting Controls (ALCs), including light-level tuning, occupancy sensing, and daylight harvesting in open-plan office buildings. The results showed 43% energy savings for buildings that utilized LED and ALCs compared to buildings that only implemented LED lighting. The study also found a significant increase in occupant satisfaction in buildings that utilized light-level tuning. The study concluded that LED and ALCs increase in cost-effectiveness in buildings with high utility rates, generous incentives, and open floor plans.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Supplementing natural daylight with high-efficiency lighting systems and NLCs provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through energy efficiency gains and reduced maintenance and replacement costs through longer-lasting bulbs and fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced number of toxic chemicals released into the waste stream and reduced light pollution.</li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>High-efficiency lighting design and NLCs should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<p>The table below shows costs for Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaries<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_295\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1212\"]<img class=\"wp-image-295 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficiency-Networked-Lighting-Controls-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries\" width=\"1212\" height=\"482\" /> Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries[/caption]<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives. At the time of this writing, incentives for lighting controls range from $20-$45 per fixture. The incentives for performance lighting are $1.00 per watt below the allowable wattage as determined by ASHRAE 90.1-2013 baseline and $30 per eligible fixture. Prescriptive lighting incentives range from $5 to $150 per fixture.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing high-efficiency lighting and NCLs provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Daylit-optimized buildings paired with high-efficiency lighting systems and built-in backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. (WBDG). Energy Efficient Lighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php</a> (accessed May 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. CBECS 2012 – Trends in Lighting in Commercial Buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) requires general service lighting products sold as of January 1, 2020, to have an efficacy of at least 45 lumens per watt.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US DOE. 2017. OLED Basics. Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Iain Campbell et al. 2017. “A New Way to Think About Office Lighting.” Harvard Business Review. Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) Buildings Program. <a href=\"https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting\">https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers. “Purchasing Energy-Efficient Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaires.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires</a> (accessed May 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> The Best Available Model category is calculated based on the most efficient model in the database collected from manufacturers as of February 2017.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> The Required Model category is calculated based on new FEMP designated efficiency requirements. Federal agencies must purchase products that meet or exceed FEMP designated efficiency requirements.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> The Less Efficient Model category is calculated based on the previous FEMP requirement for this product type.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?fromSir=0&amp;state=NJ\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.designlights.org\">DesignLights Consortium</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org\">Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iald.org\">International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://lightingpatternsforhealthybuildings.org\">Lighting Research Center, Lighting Patterns for Healthy Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nglia.org\">Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>General Service Administration (GSA)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/about-gsa%E2%80%99s-proving-ground-gpg\">Proving Ground</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov\">Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ’s Clean Energy Program</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">Commercial and Industrial Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">Lighting Incentives</a> (See Performance Lighting and Prescriptive Lighting)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/savings/search?keyword=lighting&amp;f%5B0%5D=im_field_rebate_state%3A860091\">Tax Credits, Rebates, and Savings (Lighting, New Jersey)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/solid-state-lighting\">US DOE – The Building Technologies Office’s Solid-State Lighting Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php?r=minimize_consumption\">Energy Efficient Lighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/electric-lighting-controls\">Electric Lighting Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC High-Efficiency Lighting System and NLCs','','inherit','closed','closed','','1793-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 16:13:34','2022-04-18 16:13:34','',1793,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1796',0,'revision','',0),(1798,2,'2022-04-18 16:16:41','2022-04-18 16:16:41','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\" Smart Sensors and Controls\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What are Smart Sensors and Controls? </strong></h2>\n<p>Smart sensors are devices that monitor conditions of the physical environment and building equipment such as temperature, air flow, moisture, humidity, lighting and daylighting levels, offer smoke and CO detection, and collect data about real-time building occupancy, and energy and water use (see <em>Daylighting</em>). Electronic actuators process these measurements, and smart controls utilize the data to adjust building conditions and optimize building performance in areas such as lighting and shading, HVAC systems, security, fire suppression, equipment plug loads, and landscape irrigation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Controls utilize software with standardized communication protocols on networked computing devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, PCs or through dedicated hardware interfaces such as wall-mounted controls. Smart buildings consist of an integrated network of advanced sensors and controls and use Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to connect building systems and enable automated building operations and control.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_239\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"658\"]<img class=\"wp-image-239 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Smart-Sensors-and-Controls-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Weather-Based Irrigation Control System (Source: Flickr user slworking2)\" width=\"658\" height=\"502\" /> Figure 1 – Weather-Based Irrigation Control System (Source: Flickr user slworking2)[/caption]<p>For example, smart thermostats coupled with smart HVAC systems use multiple sensors and controls to monitor and ensure proper humidity levels and temperature settings, control energy consumption in unoccupied areas, and detect and diagnose issues. Smart appliances such as refrigerators and freezers use sensors and controls to remotely track and manage variables such as temperature, humidity, and energy use. Demand response enabled devices, including smart thermostats and certain appliances, can be controlled remotely by an energy provider to reduce peak power demand (see <em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Smart lighting consists of networked LED and linear fluorescent luminaires with advanced sensors that can detect lighting failure and advanced controls that utilize dual-technology infrared plus ultrasonic occupancy and vacancy sensing, daylight harvesting, dimming controls and task tuning (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Smart solar window films adjust window tints based on incoming daylight, and window shading systems use auto-controlled devices that open and close at specific times of the day to manage light levels and solar heat gain (see <em>Energy-Efficient Windows</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Smart plug load controls, including smart outlets and advanced power strips, use scheduling, motion sensing, or load detection to turn off equipment when not in use (see <em>ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</em>). Smoke detectors enable automated sprinkler systems to function correctly, and CO sensors trigger alarms to protect building occupants before exposure to dangerous CO levels. Smart security systems automatically unlock doors for building employees using different types of sensors such as facial recognition or mobile phone GPS. Smart water metering and irrigation systems use sensors to monitor water use, detect leaks, and prevent irrigation systems from running when it is raining or when unnecessary.</p>\n<p>Smart building technologies can connect users to a smart grid (see <em>Smart Metering</em>). Smart metered buildings utilize advanced meters that record and communicate electricity consumption in short-time intervals back to the utility, providing two-way communication, support for advanced monitoring and payment systems, and remote disablement and enablement of supply.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Smart metered buildings with on-site renewable energy generation (see <em>Photovoltaic Systems and On-Site Wind Energy Generation Systems</em>) and energy storage (see<em> Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</em>) can signal consumers to use renewable electricity when available, store excess when not needed or sell excess electricity to the grid. Electric vehicles can provide energy storage for energy generated on-site or from the grid when electricity demand is low (see <em>Alternative Transportation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Demand response ready devices and appliances can be automatically controlled by energy providers or incentivized through demand response programs to motivate consumers to reduce or shift energy use to off-peak hours.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Smart Sensors and Controls</strong></h2>\n<p>The decision to install smart sensors and controls and the type of technologies selected depends on the size of the building and the building’s intended use. Smart system set-up and installation requires expert assistance. A building can incorporate multiple smart technologies or a single service such as a smart lighting system or a smart security system depending on the needs and desires of the building users. Look for devices with interoperability between smart building technologies and with demand response functionality to allow for changes and updates over time as new products, services and incentive programs become available.</p>\n<p>While sensors and controls may require cabling and cable pathways, an increasing number of applications now offer wireless capabilities. While sensors that do not depend on external power are available and recommended, sensors and controls that do rely on the grid and network connections require backup options for electric power and network connection in case of a power or network failure.</p>\n<p>Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current incentives and programs that support smart building technologies that increase energy-efficiency.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples </strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/published-findings/energy-management/wireless-thermostats-for-pneumatic-systems\">GSA Green Proving Ground (GPG): Wireless Pneumatic Thermostats</a></p>\n<p>A study conducted by the GSA Green Proving Ground Program found that wireless pneumatic thermostats, which detect space temperature and can wirelessly control HVAC systems, can cost-effectively reduce energy use by implementing unoccupied/occupied energy-saving control strategies.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/misc/success-story/panasonic\">Panasonic Corporation of North America, Newark, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>Through New Jersey’s Clean Energy Pay for Performance Program, Panasonic received guidance and financial incentives to implement lighting control strategies including daylight harvesting.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Smart building technologies provide tools to detect and manage building operations and maintenance, comfort, and energy performance issues, resulting in better equipment maintenance, higher occupant satisfaction, and reduced energy consumption and costs. Smart metered buildings can also track real-time energy consumption, allowing business owners to monitor and certify peak energy use reductions, and take advantage of lower electricity charges and peak demand incentive programs offered by utilities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The initial cost, energy savings, and payback of smart technologies vary depending on the technology’s features and capabilities. In general, smart technologies that cover the whole building in one application benefit from economies of scale and cost less to install per square foot in larger buildings than in smaller ones. Individual technologies, such as smart thermostats typically cost less for smaller buildings. Advances in wireless technologies have also lowered installation and commissioning costs compared to wired devices. Savings from the reduced utility demand charges often cover the costs of smart control projects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency </strong></h2>\n<p>Smart controls contribute to a building’s resiliency by providing real-time feedback on the status of critical building systems, notifying building operators when and where a problem exists, and providing remote access for turning systems on or off during potential power outages or other disruptive events. Smart sensors that do not rely on external power or wired networks can continue to provide feedback during power outages. Smart metering and smart devices and appliances with demand response ready equipment also benefit the energy system and promote resiliency by supporting grid stability, reducing peak energy demand, and increasing the use of renewable energy.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Marina Sofos. 2018. “Sensor and Control Technologies: R&amp;D Overview.” Building Technologies Office (BTO). U.S. Department of Energy: Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. BTO Peer Review. April 30, 2018. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/05/f52/Sofos-Peer-Review-S%26C-043018.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/05/f52/Sofos-Peer-Review-S%26C-043018.pdf</a> (accessed Aug 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Jennifer King and Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: Using Smart Technology to Save Energy in Existing Buildings.” February 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.   <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Connected Devices Alliance (CDA). 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes\">https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes</a> (accessed August 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Jennifer King and Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: Using Smart Technology to Save Energy in Existing Buildings.” February 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.   <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: A Deeper Dive into Market Segments.” December 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1703.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1703.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Connected Devices Alliance (CDA). 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes\">https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes</a> (accessed August 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Smart Home. Home Automation Buying Guide. <a href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/\">https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/</a>  (accessed May 3, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Smart Home. Home Automation Buying Guide. <a href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/\">https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/</a>  (accessed May 3, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> EPRI. “Estimating the Cost and Benefits of the Smart Grid.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf</a> (accessed May 5, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Wind Energy Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-pv-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://aceee.org\">American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cda.iea-4e.org\">The Connected Devices Alliance (CDA) Centre of Excellence</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/heating_cooling/smart_thermostats\">ENERGY STAR – Smart Thermostats</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartbuildingscenter.org\">Smart Buildings Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/smart-controls\">Whole Building Design Guide – Smart Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Smart Sensors and Controls','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-smart-sensors-and-controls-2','','','2022-04-18 16:16:46','2022-04-18 16:16:46','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1798',0,'post','',0),(1799,2,'2022-04-18 16:14:03','2022-04-18 16:14:03','','NC Smart Sensors and Controls','','inherit','closed','closed','','1798-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 16:14:03','2022-04-18 16:14:03','',1798,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1799',0,'revision','',0),(1801,2,'2022-04-18 16:16:41','2022-04-18 16:16:41','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\" Smart Sensors and Controls\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What are Smart Sensors and Controls? </strong></h2>\n<p>Smart sensors are devices that monitor conditions of the physical environment and building equipment such as temperature, air flow, moisture, humidity, lighting and daylighting levels, offer smoke and CO detection, and collect data about real-time building occupancy, and energy and water use (see <em>Daylighting</em>). Electronic actuators process these measurements, and smart controls utilize the data to adjust building conditions and optimize building performance in areas such as lighting and shading, HVAC systems, security, fire suppression, equipment plug loads, and landscape irrigation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Controls utilize software with standardized communication protocols on networked computing devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, PCs or through dedicated hardware interfaces such as wall-mounted controls. Smart buildings consist of an integrated network of advanced sensors and controls and use Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to connect building systems and enable automated building operations and control.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_239\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"658\"]<img class=\"wp-image-239 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Smart-Sensors-and-Controls-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Weather-Based Irrigation Control System (Source: Flickr user slworking2)\" width=\"658\" height=\"502\" /> Figure 1 – Weather-Based Irrigation Control System (Source: Flickr user slworking2)[/caption]<p>For example, smart thermostats coupled with smart HVAC systems use multiple sensors and controls to monitor and ensure proper humidity levels and temperature settings, control energy consumption in unoccupied areas, and detect and diagnose issues. Smart appliances such as refrigerators and freezers use sensors and controls to remotely track and manage variables such as temperature, humidity, and energy use. Demand response enabled devices, including smart thermostats and certain appliances, can be controlled remotely by an energy provider to reduce peak power demand (see <em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Smart lighting consists of networked LED and linear fluorescent luminaires with advanced sensors that can detect lighting failure and advanced controls that utilize dual-technology infrared plus ultrasonic occupancy and vacancy sensing, daylight harvesting, dimming controls and task tuning (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Smart solar window films adjust window tints based on incoming daylight, and window shading systems use auto-controlled devices that open and close at specific times of the day to manage light levels and solar heat gain (see <em>Energy-Efficient Windows</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Smart plug load controls, including smart outlets and advanced power strips, use scheduling, motion sensing, or load detection to turn off equipment when not in use (see <em>ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</em>). Smoke detectors enable automated sprinkler systems to function correctly, and CO sensors trigger alarms to protect building occupants before exposure to dangerous CO levels. Smart security systems automatically unlock doors for building employees using different types of sensors such as facial recognition or mobile phone GPS. Smart water metering and irrigation systems use sensors to monitor water use, detect leaks, and prevent irrigation systems from running when it is raining or when unnecessary.</p>\n<p>Smart building technologies can connect users to a smart grid (see <em>Smart Metering</em>). Smart metered buildings utilize advanced meters that record and communicate electricity consumption in short-time intervals back to the utility, providing two-way communication, support for advanced monitoring and payment systems, and remote disablement and enablement of supply.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Smart metered buildings with on-site renewable energy generation (see <em>Photovoltaic Systems and On-Site Wind Energy Generation Systems</em>) and energy storage (see<em> Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</em>) can signal consumers to use renewable electricity when available, store excess when not needed or sell excess electricity to the grid. Electric vehicles can provide energy storage for energy generated on-site or from the grid when electricity demand is low (see <em>Alternative Transportation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Demand response ready devices and appliances can be automatically controlled by energy providers or incentivized through demand response programs to motivate consumers to reduce or shift energy use to off-peak hours.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Smart Sensors and Controls</strong></h2>\n<p>The decision to install smart sensors and controls and the type of technologies selected depends on the size of the building and the building’s intended use. Smart system set-up and installation requires expert assistance. A building can incorporate multiple smart technologies or a single service such as a smart lighting system or a smart security system depending on the needs and desires of the building users. Look for devices with interoperability between smart building technologies and with demand response functionality to allow for changes and updates over time as new products, services and incentive programs become available.</p>\n<p>While sensors and controls may require cabling and cable pathways, an increasing number of applications now offer wireless capabilities. While sensors that do not depend on external power are available and recommended, sensors and controls that do rely on the grid and network connections require backup options for electric power and network connection in case of a power or network failure.</p>\n<p>Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current incentives and programs that support smart building technologies that increase energy-efficiency.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples </strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/published-findings/energy-management/wireless-thermostats-for-pneumatic-systems\">GSA Green Proving Ground (GPG): Wireless Pneumatic Thermostats</a></p>\n<p>A study conducted by the GSA Green Proving Ground Program found that wireless pneumatic thermostats, which detect space temperature and can wirelessly control HVAC systems, can cost-effectively reduce energy use by implementing unoccupied/occupied energy-saving control strategies.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/misc/success-story/panasonic\">Panasonic Corporation of North America, Newark, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>Through New Jersey’s Clean Energy Pay for Performance Program, Panasonic received guidance and financial incentives to implement lighting control strategies including daylight harvesting.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Smart building technologies provide tools to detect and manage building operations and maintenance, comfort, and energy performance issues, resulting in better equipment maintenance, higher occupant satisfaction, and reduced energy consumption and costs. Smart metered buildings can also track real-time energy consumption, allowing business owners to monitor and certify peak energy use reductions, and take advantage of lower electricity charges and peak demand incentive programs offered by utilities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The initial cost, energy savings, and payback of smart technologies vary depending on the technology’s features and capabilities. In general, smart technologies that cover the whole building in one application benefit from economies of scale and cost less to install per square foot in larger buildings than in smaller ones. Individual technologies, such as smart thermostats typically cost less for smaller buildings. Advances in wireless technologies have also lowered installation and commissioning costs compared to wired devices. Savings from the reduced utility demand charges often cover the costs of smart control projects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency </strong></h2>\n<p>Smart controls contribute to a building’s resiliency by providing real-time feedback on the status of critical building systems, notifying building operators when and where a problem exists, and providing remote access for turning systems on or off during potential power outages or other disruptive events. Smart sensors that do not rely on external power or wired networks can continue to provide feedback during power outages. Smart metering and smart devices and appliances with demand response ready equipment also benefit the energy system and promote resiliency by supporting grid stability, reducing peak energy demand, and increasing the use of renewable energy.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Marina Sofos. 2018. “Sensor and Control Technologies: R&amp;D Overview.” Building Technologies Office (BTO). U.S. Department of Energy: Office of Energy Efficiency &amp; Renewable Energy. BTO Peer Review. April 30, 2018. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/05/f52/Sofos-Peer-Review-S%26C-043018.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/05/f52/Sofos-Peer-Review-S%26C-043018.pdf</a> (accessed Aug 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Jennifer King and Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: Using Smart Technology to Save Energy in Existing Buildings.” February 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.   <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Connected Devices Alliance (CDA). 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes\">https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes</a> (accessed August 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Jennifer King and Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: Using Smart Technology to Save Energy in Existing Buildings.” February 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.   <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: A Deeper Dive into Market Segments.” December 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1703.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1703.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Connected Devices Alliance (CDA). 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency –  A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes\">https://edna.iea-4e.org/news/case-study-smart-homes</a> (accessed August 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Smart Home. Home Automation Buying Guide. <a href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/\">https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/</a>  (accessed May 3, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Smart Home. Home Automation Buying Guide. <a href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/\">https://www.cnet.com/news/smart-home-buying-guide-home-automation/</a>  (accessed May 3, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> EPRI. “Estimating the Cost and Benefits of the Smart Grid.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf</a> (accessed May 5, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Wind Energy Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-pv-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://aceee.org\">American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cda.iea-4e.org\">The Connected Devices Alliance (CDA) Centre of Excellence</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/heating_cooling/smart_thermostats\">ENERGY STAR – Smart Thermostats</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartbuildingscenter.org\">Smart Buildings Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/smart-controls\">Whole Building Design Guide – Smart Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Smart Sensors and Controls','','inherit','closed','closed','','1798-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 16:16:41','2022-04-18 16:16:41','',1798,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1801',0,'revision','',0),