(1527,2,'2022-04-13 20:28:06','2022-04-13 20:28:06','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"On-site Alternative Water Reuse\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is On-site Alternative Water Reuse?<br /></strong></h2>\n<p>On-site alternative water reuse intentionally captures, treats, and utilizes stormwater, graywater, and wastewater for reuse at the building site. Stormwater includes precipitation such as rainfall and snowmelt. Graywater (also spelled gray water, greywater and grey water) refers to untreated water from bathroom sinks, laundry, and bathing and does not include water contaminated with toilet waste, food and grease content from kitchen sinks, or dishwasher soap residue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Graywater is of lesser quality than potable (drinking) water but of higher quality than blackwater, which in New Jersey refers to wastewater from water closets, toilets, and urinals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Potential sources of onsite alternative water include rainwater, treated graywater and blackwater, condensate from air conditioners, reject water from water treatment systems, and cooling equipment blowdown.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Figure 1 shows examples of end-uses for on-site alternative water reuse such as irrigation, cooling tower make-up water, and toilet and urinal flushing.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_291\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"840\"]<img class=\"wp-image-291 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-On-Site-Alternative-Water-Reuse-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Examples of On-site Alternative Water Reuse. (Source: US EPA WaterSense at Work)\" width=\"840\" height=\"644\" /> Figure 1 – Examples of On-site Alternative Water Reuse. (Source: US EPA WaterSense at Work)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Onsite Alternative Water Reuse </strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing on-site alternative water reuse starts with water conservation and includes identifying and evaluating opportunities to substitute or supplement potable water use with on-site alternative water sources based on the water quality and treatment requirements of the intended end-uses, and the feasibility of capturing and delivering alternative water sources to those end-uses (see <em>Indoor Water Conservation</em>).</p>\n<p>Harvest and filter rainwater from rooftops to supplement or replace landscape irrigation and toilet and urinal flushing (see <em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, Vegetated Roofs, and Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Rainwater that flows over parking lots and impervious hardscapes and filtered by rain gardens or captured by retention ponds also provides an alternative water source for landscape irrigation (see <em>Rain Gardens</em>, <em>Water Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n<p>Capture graywater from fixtures and appliances by designating separate drain lines, storage units, and pumps to deliver graywater to desired locations. Graywater used for subsurface irrigation of trees, shrubs, and flower gardens requires filtering to remove suspended solids. Indoor uses for graywater such as toilet and urinal flushing, or above-ground irrigation for turf grass or edible gardens often require additional treatment through natural, mechanical or chemical applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Treatment systems include engineered systems, tailored to specific projects, and packaged systems designed to fit a wide range of project applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Reuse wastewater from building applications and processes for use in another onsite applications. For example, use condensate from air conditioners for cooling tower make-up water or subsurface irrigation. Use water rejected from water treatment systems for a range of end-uses that do not require potable water such as toilet and urinal flushing, cooling tower make-up water, above-ground irrigation, and decorative water features.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>Blackwater treatment systems require a higher level of treatment to bring recycled water to acceptable standards for reuse. Constructed wetlands use a combination of plants, snails, clams, algae, and fish to filter and break down compounds in blackwater. Commercial treatment systems may include sedimentation, membrane filtration or UV sterilization. Composting toilets provide another way to reduce potable water use and reduce the need for wastewater treatment.</p>\n<p>Hire certified professionals familiar with the design, construction, and maintenance of onsite alternative water reuse systems. Review local ordinances, permitting requirements, and plumbing codes.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.iapmo.org/westand/Pages/GreenPlumbingandMechanicalCodeSupplement.aspx\">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Green Plumbing &amp; Mechanical Code Supplement</a> provides guidance on implementing onsite alternative water reuse for non-potable end-uses.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.nsf.org/services/by-industry/water-wastewater/onsite-wastewater/onsite-reuse-water-treatment-systems\">NSF International/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI) 350, <em>Onsite Residential and Commercial Reuse Treatment Systems</em></a> establishes design, construction and performance requirements for onsite alternative reuse systems.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb1.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/JAWRA2007.pdf\">The Solaire, New York City</a></p>\n<p>The Solaire, a LEED Gold certified residential high-rise building in Battery Park completed in 2003 offers examples of on-site alternative water reuse and wastewater treatment technologies applicable to new commercial buildings. Indoor water conservation measures include low-flow fixtures, toilets, and appliances that reduce potable water use by 43%. The building’s onsite wastewater treatment plant utilizes digestion, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection to processes 30,000 gallons of blackwater each day and reuses it as cooling water for two on-site cooling towers and to flush toilets in both the Solaire and an adjacent building, the Verdesian. The Solaire’s vegetated roof helps manage stormwater and diverts excess stormwater runoff to a 10,000-gallon basement water storage tank that stores the water for later use by the vegetated roofs drip irrigation system.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site alternative water reuse reduces potable water use and the reliance on surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water purchased from a third-party.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Harvesting rainwater can reduce stormwater runoff, flooding, and pollution. Graywater and blackwater reuse reduces the strain on municipal water and wastewater treatment plants. Compared to potable water, recycled water used for irrigation often contains higher levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen, that lessens the need for synthetic fertilizers. On-site alternative water reuse reduces the energy required to transport water or pump water from deep underground sources. Using recycled water for applications that do not require water treated to potable or drinkable water quality standards saves energy and money by reducing treatment requirements.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and onsite alternative water use technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As on-site alternative water technologies evolve, and costs decline, and water shortages and water quality issues become more common, the resiliency benefits of a local and reliable water resource on reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Using on-site alternative water resources enhances resiliency by utilizing safe, reliable, redundant and locally controlled water supplies, by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity, and by protecting sensitive, natural water bodies. Reducing potable water use reduces the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure (see <em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many water pumps run on electricity, and without a source of backup power, fail to operate during power outages highlighting the importance of on-site alternative water sources and treatment options that cover all or part of onsite water use and wastewater treatment needs (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Compostable toilets also increase resiliency by continuing to operate during water shortages and by preventing sewage backups.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction. <a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a> (accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> NJ DEP. Division of Water Quality. <em>Standards for Individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems.</em> <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf\">www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf</a> (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction. <a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a> (accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170513121841/https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/rain-gardens-and-cisterns/\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/default.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/\">New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Division of Water Quality</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/\">Rutgers University NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Environmental Protection Agency</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial-buildings\">WaterSense for Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-conservation-epa\">Water Conservation at EPA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling/#benefits\">Water Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://watereuse.org\">WaterReuse</a></li>\n<li>Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC On-site Alternative Water Reuse','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse','','','2022-06-23 19:33:00','2022-06-23 19:33:00','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1527',0,'post','',0),(1528,2,'2022-04-13 20:20:29','2022-04-13 20:20:29','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1527-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:20:29','2022-04-13 20:20:29','',1527,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1528',0,'revision','',0),(1530,2,'2022-04-13 20:28:06','2022-04-13 20:28:06','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"On-site Alternative Water Reuse\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is On-site Alternative Water Reuse?<br /></strong></h2>\n<p>On-site alternative water reuse intentionally captures, treats, and utilizes stormwater, graywater, and wastewater for reuse at the building site. Stormwater includes precipitation such as rainfall and snowmelt. Graywater (also spelled gray water, greywater and grey water) refers to untreated water from bathroom sinks, laundry, and bathing and does not include water contaminated with toilet waste, food and grease content from kitchen sinks, or dishwasher soap residue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Graywater is of lesser quality than potable (drinking) water but of higher quality than blackwater, which in New Jersey refers to wastewater from water closets, toilets, and urinals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Potential sources of onsite alternative water include rainwater, treated graywater and blackwater, condensate from air conditioners, reject water from water treatment systems, and cooling equipment blowdown.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Figure 1 shows examples of end-uses for on-site alternative water reuse such as irrigation, cooling tower make-up water, and toilet and urinal flushing.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_291\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"840\"]<img class=\"wp-image-291 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-On-Site-Alternative-Water-Reuse-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Examples of On-site Alternative Water Reuse. (Source: US EPA WaterSense at Work)\" width=\"840\" height=\"644\" /> Figure 1 – Examples of On-site Alternative Water Reuse. (Source: US EPA WaterSense at Work)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Onsite Alternative Water Reuse </strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing on-site alternative water reuse starts with water conservation and includes identifying and evaluating opportunities to substitute or supplement potable water use with on-site alternative water sources based on the water quality and treatment requirements of the intended end-uses, and the feasibility of capturing and delivering alternative water sources to those end-uses (see <em>Indoor Water Conservation</em>).</p>\n<p>Harvest and filter rainwater from rooftops to supplement or replace landscape irrigation and toilet and urinal flushing (see <em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, Vegetated Roofs, and Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Rainwater that flows over parking lots and impervious hardscapes and filtered by rain gardens or captured by retention ponds also provides an alternative water source for landscape irrigation (see <em>Rain Gardens</em>, <em>Water Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n<p>Capture graywater from fixtures and appliances by designating separate drain lines, storage units, and pumps to deliver graywater to desired locations. Graywater used for subsurface irrigation of trees, shrubs, and flower gardens requires filtering to remove suspended solids. Indoor uses for graywater such as toilet and urinal flushing, or above-ground irrigation for turf grass or edible gardens often require additional treatment through natural, mechanical or chemical applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Treatment systems include engineered systems, tailored to specific projects, and packaged systems designed to fit a wide range of project applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Reuse wastewater from building applications and processes for use in another onsite applications. For example, use condensate from air conditioners for cooling tower make-up water or subsurface irrigation. Use water rejected from water treatment systems for a range of end-uses that do not require potable water such as toilet and urinal flushing, cooling tower make-up water, above-ground irrigation, and decorative water features.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>Blackwater treatment systems require a higher level of treatment to bring recycled water to acceptable standards for reuse. Constructed wetlands use a combination of plants, snails, clams, algae, and fish to filter and break down compounds in blackwater. Commercial treatment systems may include sedimentation, membrane filtration or UV sterilization. Composting toilets provide another way to reduce potable water use and reduce the need for wastewater treatment.</p>\n<p>Hire certified professionals familiar with the design, construction, and maintenance of onsite alternative water reuse systems. Review local ordinances, permitting requirements, and plumbing codes.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.iapmo.org/westand/Pages/GreenPlumbingandMechanicalCodeSupplement.aspx\">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Green Plumbing &amp; Mechanical Code Supplement</a> provides guidance on implementing onsite alternative water reuse for non-potable end-uses.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.nsf.org/services/by-industry/water-wastewater/onsite-wastewater/onsite-reuse-water-treatment-systems\">NSF International/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI) 350, <em>Onsite Residential and Commercial Reuse Treatment Systems</em></a> establishes design, construction and performance requirements for onsite alternative reuse systems.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb1.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/JAWRA2007.pdf\">The Solaire, New York City</a></p>\n<p>The Solaire, a LEED Gold certified residential high-rise building in Battery Park completed in 2003 offers examples of on-site alternative water reuse and wastewater treatment technologies applicable to new commercial buildings. Indoor water conservation measures include low-flow fixtures, toilets, and appliances that reduce potable water use by 43%. The building’s onsite wastewater treatment plant utilizes digestion, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection to processes 30,000 gallons of blackwater each day and reuses it as cooling water for two on-site cooling towers and to flush toilets in both the Solaire and an adjacent building, the Verdesian. The Solaire’s vegetated roof helps manage stormwater and diverts excess stormwater runoff to a 10,000-gallon basement water storage tank that stores the water for later use by the vegetated roofs drip irrigation system.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site alternative water reuse reduces potable water use and the reliance on surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water purchased from a third-party.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Harvesting rainwater can reduce stormwater runoff, flooding, and pollution. Graywater and blackwater reuse reduces the strain on municipal water and wastewater treatment plants. Compared to potable water, recycled water used for irrigation often contains higher levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen, that lessens the need for synthetic fertilizers. On-site alternative water reuse reduces the energy required to transport water or pump water from deep underground sources. Using recycled water for applications that do not require water treated to potable or drinkable water quality standards saves energy and money by reducing treatment requirements.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and onsite alternative water use technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As on-site alternative water technologies evolve, and costs decline, and water shortages and water quality issues become more common, the resiliency benefits of a local and reliable water resource on reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Using on-site alternative water resources enhances resiliency by utilizing safe, reliable, redundant and locally controlled water supplies, by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity, and by protecting sensitive, natural water bodies. Reducing potable water use reduces the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure (see <em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many water pumps run on electricity, and without a source of backup power, fail to operate during power outages highlighting the importance of on-site alternative water sources and treatment options that cover all or part of onsite water use and wastewater treatment needs (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Compostable toilets also increase resiliency by continuing to operate during water shortages and by preventing sewage backups.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction. <a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a> (accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> NJ DEP. Division of Water Quality. <em>Standards for Individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems.</em> <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf\">www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf</a> (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction. <a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a> (accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/rain-gardens-and-cisterns/\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/default.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/\">New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Division of Water Quality</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/\">Rutgers University NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Environmental Protection Agency</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial-buildings\">WaterSense for Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-conservation-epa\">Water Conservation at EPA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling/#benefits\">Water Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://watereuse.org\">WaterReuse</a></li>\n<li>Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC On-site Alternative Water Reuse','','inherit','closed','closed','','1527-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:28:06','2022-04-13 20:28:06','',1527,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1530',0,'revision','',0),(1531,2,'2022-04-13 20:28:07','2022-04-13 20:28:07','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"On-site Alternative Water Reuse\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is On-site Alternative Water Reuse?<br /></strong></h2>\n<p>On-site alternative water reuse intentionally captures, treats, and utilizes stormwater, graywater, and wastewater for reuse at the building site. Stormwater includes precipitation such as rainfall and snowmelt. Graywater (also spelled gray water, greywater and grey water) refers to untreated water from bathroom sinks, laundry, and bathing and does not include water contaminated with toilet waste, food and grease content from kitchen sinks, or dishwasher soap residue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Graywater is of lesser quality than potable (drinking) water but of higher quality than blackwater, which in New Jersey refers to wastewater from water closets, toilets, and urinals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Potential sources of onsite alternative water include rainwater, treated graywater and blackwater, condensate from air conditioners, reject water from water treatment systems, and cooling equipment blowdown.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Figure 1 shows examples of end-uses for on-site alternative water reuse such as irrigation, cooling tower make-up water, and toilet and urinal flushing.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_291\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"840\"]<img class=\"wp-image-291 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-On-Site-Alternative-Water-Reuse-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Examples of On-site Alternative Water Reuse. (Source: US EPA WaterSense at Work)\" width=\"840\" height=\"644\" /> Figure 1 – Examples of On-site Alternative Water Reuse. (Source: US EPA WaterSense at Work)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Onsite Alternative Water Reuse </strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing on-site alternative water reuse starts with water conservation and includes identifying and evaluating opportunities to substitute or supplement potable water use with on-site alternative water sources based on the water quality and treatment requirements of the intended end-uses, and the feasibility of capturing and delivering alternative water sources to those end-uses (see <em>Indoor Water Conservation</em>).</p>\n<p>Harvest and filter rainwater from rooftops to supplement or replace landscape irrigation and toilet and urinal flushing (see <em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, Vegetated Roofs, and Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Rainwater that flows over parking lots and impervious hardscapes and filtered by rain gardens or captured by retention ponds also provides an alternative water source for landscape irrigation (see <em>Rain Gardens</em>, <em>Water Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n<p>Capture graywater from fixtures and appliances by designating separate drain lines, storage units, and pumps to deliver graywater to desired locations. Graywater used for subsurface irrigation of trees, shrubs, and flower gardens requires filtering to remove suspended solids. Indoor uses for graywater such as toilet and urinal flushing, or above-ground irrigation for turf grass or edible gardens often require additional treatment through natural, mechanical or chemical applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Treatment systems include engineered systems, tailored to specific projects, and packaged systems designed to fit a wide range of project applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Reuse wastewater from building applications and processes for use in another onsite applications. For example, use condensate from air conditioners for cooling tower make-up water or subsurface irrigation. Use water rejected from water treatment systems for a range of end-uses that do not require potable water such as toilet and urinal flushing, cooling tower make-up water, above-ground irrigation, and decorative water features.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>Blackwater treatment systems require a higher level of treatment to bring recycled water to acceptable standards for reuse. Constructed wetlands use a combination of plants, snails, clams, algae, and fish to filter and break down compounds in blackwater. Commercial treatment systems may include sedimentation, membrane filtration or UV sterilization. Composting toilets provide another way to reduce potable water use and reduce the need for wastewater treatment.</p>\n<p>Hire certified professionals familiar with the design, construction, and maintenance of onsite alternative water reuse systems. Review local ordinances, permitting requirements, and plumbing codes.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.iapmo.org/westand/Pages/GreenPlumbingandMechanicalCodeSupplement.aspx\">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Green Plumbing &amp; Mechanical Code Supplement</a> provides guidance on implementing onsite alternative water reuse for non-potable end-uses.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.nsf.org/services/by-industry/water-wastewater/onsite-wastewater/onsite-reuse-water-treatment-systems\">NSF International/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI) 350, <em>Onsite Residential and Commercial Reuse Treatment Systems</em></a> establishes design, construction and performance requirements for onsite alternative reuse systems.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb1.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/JAWRA2007.pdf\">The Solaire, New York City</a></p>\n<p>The Solaire, a LEED Gold certified residential high-rise building in Battery Park completed in 2003 offers examples of on-site alternative water reuse and wastewater treatment technologies applicable to new commercial buildings. Indoor water conservation measures include low-flow fixtures, toilets, and appliances that reduce potable water use by 43%. The building’s onsite wastewater treatment plant utilizes digestion, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection to processes 30,000 gallons of blackwater each day and reuses it as cooling water for two on-site cooling towers and to flush toilets in both the Solaire and an adjacent building, the Verdesian. The Solaire’s vegetated roof helps manage stormwater and diverts excess stormwater runoff to a 10,000-gallon basement water storage tank that stores the water for later use by the vegetated roofs drip irrigation system.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site alternative water reuse reduces potable water use and the reliance on surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water purchased from a third-party.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Harvesting rainwater can reduce stormwater runoff, flooding, and pollution. Graywater and blackwater reuse reduces the strain on municipal water and wastewater treatment plants. Compared to potable water, recycled water used for irrigation often contains higher levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen, that lessens the need for synthetic fertilizers. On-site alternative water reuse reduces the energy required to transport water or pump water from deep underground sources. Using recycled water for applications that do not require water treated to potable or drinkable water quality standards saves energy and money by reducing treatment requirements.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and onsite alternative water use technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As on-site alternative water technologies evolve, and costs decline, and water shortages and water quality issues become more common, the resiliency benefits of a local and reliable water resource on reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Using on-site alternative water resources enhances resiliency by utilizing safe, reliable, redundant and locally controlled water supplies, by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity, and by protecting sensitive, natural water bodies. Reducing potable water use reduces the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure (see <em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many water pumps run on electricity, and without a source of backup power, fail to operate during power outages highlighting the importance of on-site alternative water sources and treatment options that cover all or part of onsite water use and wastewater treatment needs (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Compostable toilets also increase resiliency by continuing to operate during water shortages and by preventing sewage backups.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction. <a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a> (accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> NJ DEP. Division of Water Quality. <em>Standards for Individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems.</em> <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf\">www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf</a> (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction. <a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a> (accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/rain-gardens-and-cisterns/\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/default.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/\">New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Division of Water Quality</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/\">Rutgers University NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Environmental Protection Agency</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial-buildings\">WaterSense for Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-conservation-epa\">Water Conservation at EPA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling/#benefits\">Water Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://watereuse.org\">WaterReuse</a></li>\n<li>Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1527-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:28:07','2022-04-13 20:28:07','',1527,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1531',0,'revision','',0),(1532,2,'2022-04-13 20:28:11','2022-04-13 20:28:11','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"On-site Alternative Water Reuse\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is On-site Alternative Water Reuse?<br /></strong></h2>\n<p>On-site alternative water reuse intentionally captures, treats, and utilizes stormwater, graywater, and wastewater for reuse at the building site. Stormwater includes precipitation such as rainfall and snowmelt. Graywater (also spelled gray water, greywater and grey water) refers to untreated water from bathroom sinks, laundry, and bathing and does not include water contaminated with toilet waste, food and grease content from kitchen sinks, or dishwasher soap residue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Graywater is of lesser quality than potable (drinking) water but of higher quality than blackwater, which in New Jersey refers to wastewater from water closets, toilets, and urinals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Potential sources of onsite alternative water include rainwater, treated graywater and blackwater, condensate from air conditioners, reject water from water treatment systems, and cooling equipment blowdown.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Figure 1 shows examples of end-uses for on-site alternative water reuse such as irrigation, cooling tower make-up water, and toilet and urinal flushing.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_291\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"840\"]<img class=\"wp-image-291 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-On-Site-Alternative-Water-Reuse-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Examples of On-site Alternative Water Reuse. (Source: US EPA WaterSense at Work)\" width=\"840\" height=\"644\" /> Figure 1 – Examples of On-site Alternative Water Reuse. (Source: US EPA WaterSense at Work)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Onsite Alternative Water Reuse </strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing on-site alternative water reuse starts with water conservation and includes identifying and evaluating opportunities to substitute or supplement potable water use with on-site alternative water sources based on the water quality and treatment requirements of the intended end-uses, and the feasibility of capturing and delivering alternative water sources to those end-uses (see <em>Indoor Water Conservation</em>).</p>\n<p>Harvest and filter rainwater from rooftops to supplement or replace landscape irrigation and toilet and urinal flushing (see <em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, Vegetated Roofs, and Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Rainwater that flows over parking lots and impervious hardscapes and filtered by rain gardens or captured by retention ponds also provides an alternative water source for landscape irrigation (see <em>Rain Gardens</em>, <em>Water Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n<p>Capture graywater from fixtures and appliances by designating separate drain lines, storage units, and pumps to deliver graywater to desired locations. Graywater used for subsurface irrigation of trees, shrubs, and flower gardens requires filtering to remove suspended solids. Indoor uses for graywater such as toilet and urinal flushing, or above-ground irrigation for turf grass or edible gardens often require additional treatment through natural, mechanical or chemical applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Treatment systems include engineered systems, tailored to specific projects, and packaged systems designed to fit a wide range of project applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Reuse wastewater from building applications and processes for use in another onsite applications. For example, use condensate from air conditioners for cooling tower make-up water or subsurface irrigation. Use water rejected from water treatment systems for a range of end-uses that do not require potable water such as toilet and urinal flushing, cooling tower make-up water, above-ground irrigation, and decorative water features.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>Blackwater treatment systems require a higher level of treatment to bring recycled water to acceptable standards for reuse. Constructed wetlands use a combination of plants, snails, clams, algae, and fish to filter and break down compounds in blackwater. Commercial treatment systems may include sedimentation, membrane filtration or UV sterilization. Composting toilets provide another way to reduce potable water use and reduce the need for wastewater treatment.</p>\n<p>Hire certified professionals familiar with the design, construction, and maintenance of onsite alternative water reuse systems. Review local ordinances, permitting requirements, and plumbing codes.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.iapmo.org/westand/Pages/GreenPlumbingandMechanicalCodeSupplement.aspx\">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Green Plumbing &amp; Mechanical Code Supplement</a> provides guidance on implementing onsite alternative water reuse for non-potable end-uses.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.nsf.org/services/by-industry/water-wastewater/onsite-wastewater/onsite-reuse-water-treatment-systems\">NSF International/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI) 350, <em>Onsite Residential and Commercial Reuse Treatment Systems</em></a> establishes design, construction and performance requirements for onsite alternative reuse systems.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb1.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/JAWRA2007.pdf\">The Solaire, New York City</a></p>\n<p>The Solaire, a LEED Gold certified residential high-rise building in Battery Park completed in 2003 offers examples of on-site alternative water reuse and wastewater treatment technologies applicable to new commercial buildings. Indoor water conservation measures include low-flow fixtures, toilets, and appliances that reduce potable water use by 43%. The building’s onsite wastewater treatment plant utilizes digestion, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection to processes 30,000 gallons of blackwater each day and reuses it as cooling water for two on-site cooling towers and to flush toilets in both the Solaire and an adjacent building, the Verdesian. The Solaire’s vegetated roof helps manage stormwater and diverts excess stormwater runoff to a 10,000-gallon basement water storage tank that stores the water for later use by the vegetated roofs drip irrigation system.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site alternative water reuse reduces potable water use and the reliance on surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water purchased from a third-party.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Harvesting rainwater can reduce stormwater runoff, flooding, and pollution. Graywater and blackwater reuse reduces the strain on municipal water and wastewater treatment plants. Compared to potable water, recycled water used for irrigation often contains higher levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen, that lessens the need for synthetic fertilizers. On-site alternative water reuse reduces the energy required to transport water or pump water from deep underground sources. Using recycled water for applications that do not require water treated to potable or drinkable water quality standards saves energy and money by reducing treatment requirements.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and onsite alternative water use technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As on-site alternative water technologies evolve, and costs decline, and water shortages and water quality issues become more common, the resiliency benefits of a local and reliable water resource on reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Using on-site alternative water resources enhances resiliency by utilizing safe, reliable, redundant and locally controlled water supplies, by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity, and by protecting sensitive, natural water bodies. Reducing potable water use reduces the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure (see <em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many water pumps run on electricity, and without a source of backup power, fail to operate during power outages highlighting the importance of on-site alternative water sources and treatment options that cover all or part of onsite water use and wastewater treatment needs (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Compostable toilets also increase resiliency by continuing to operate during water shortages and by preventing sewage backups.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction. <a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a> (accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> NJ DEP. Division of Water Quality. <em>Standards for Individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems.</em> <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf\">www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf</a> (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction. <a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a> (accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/rain-gardens-and-cisterns/\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/default.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/\">New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Division of Water Quality</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/\">Rutgers University NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Environmental Protection Agency</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial-buildings\">WaterSense for Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-conservation-epa\">Water Conservation at EPA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling/#benefits\">Water Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://watereuse.org\">WaterReuse</a></li>\n<li>Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC On-site Alternative Water Reuse','','inherit','closed','closed','','1527-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:28:11','2022-04-13 20:28:11','',1527,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1532',0,'revision','',0),(1533,2,'2022-04-13 20:35:56','2022-04-13 20:35:56','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation? </strong></h2>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlight the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy for later use when it is needed, such as during a power outage, or for energy arbitrage storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> The following categories highlight current and emerging energy storage technologies applicable to the building sector:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Solid State Batteries</li>\n<li>Flow Solid State Batteries</li>\n<li>Flywheels</li>\n<li>Compressed Air Energy Storage</li>\n<li>Thermal(see <em>Thermal Energy Storage</em>)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Backup power provides energy required for supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage) from on-site power generation systems with islanding (generating power when the electrical grid is down) capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators. Energy storage systems could also help provide grid stabilization functionalities such as Contingency Reserve and Frequency Regulation.</p>\n<p>As the costs of energy storage and backup power generation systems continue to decline and the integration of these technologies continues to advance, several viable options exist for supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage (see <em>Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready Solar PV</em>)</li>\n<li>Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems with or without energy storage (see <em>Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</em> and <em>Thermal Energy Storage</em>)</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage (see <em>Alternative Transportation</em>)<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation </strong></h2>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from backup power in the event of power outage.</p>\n<p>Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, emergency and night-time lighting, water pumps, and phone or laptop charging, and online access via a cable modem or wireless router versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Figure 1 shows considerations for sizing solar and battery storage for backup power generation.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_245\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-245 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" width=\"878\" height=\"698\" /> Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)[/caption]<p>Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Note that configuring power systems to operate independently of the grid requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, energy storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful islanding to take place.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p>As per the <a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">Insurance Institute for Business and Home and Safety’s (IBHS) FORTIFIED Commercial Hurricane Standard</a>, locate electrical connections for backup power generation and energy storage at an elevation above the 500-year flood level or 3 ft above the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) for the property or provide dry flood protection such as flood gates, walls or doors, inflatable barriers, or sand bags to prevent water intrusion.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Accounting for cost savings during regular business operations (demand response) and for the cost of electric grid power outages and lost business (resiliency benefit) lowers the payback period for energy storage and backup power investments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/\">PV and Battery Pilot Project, Hopewell Valley Central Highschool, Pennington, NJ</a></p>\n<p>As part of PSE&amp;G’s Solar 4 All Program, which supports solar technologies that also contribute to grid resiliency, the Hopewell Valley Central Highschool installed an 876 kilowatt-dc rooftop solar and parking lot solar canopy system with large lithium ion batteries.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> The system can connect to the grid or charge batteries, allowing the highschool to participate in the PJM Frequency Regulation Market. During power outages, the system provides critical functions including heating/cooling, emergency lighting, and food refrigeration.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf\">GAF Headquarters Building, Parsippany, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The GAF Headquarters Building led the way in 2016 becoming the first building to ever be awarded the LEED pilot credit for resilient design (now being incorporated into the RELi resilience standard).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> The project team designed the building to maintain critical functions in the event of a hurricane, by avoiding flood zones, designing flood preparation and backup capabilities for long-term power outages, reinforcing roof structures to hurricane wind standards, and developing a business continuity recovery plan that details employee and business procedures in the event of a disaster.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site energy storage and backup power generation provides a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies while also helping to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs (see <em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>, and <em>Smart Metering</em>). For example, energy storage systems provide a way for customers to shift power demands to off-peak hours and to take advantage of time-of-day pricing and lower energy prices.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capabilities and battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, with the added benefit of increased power reliability. Battery storage helps to reduce common challenges with PV systems such as ramping, output variability, voltage and current inconsistencies that impact power quality, and a disconnect between the power supply (morning sun) and power demand (afternoon and evening air conditioning spikes).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Islandable PV systems with battery storage also provide value throughout the year, do not require refueling and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></p>\n<p>CHP systems that utilize both thermal and electrical storage further increase energy efficiency by capturing wasted energy resulting from the overgeneration of heat and electricity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> A form of distributed energy generation, CHP systems support the development and integration of the broader smart grid by providing a consistent and reliable source of backup power that helps to balance the supply and demand of electricity from other distributed energy generators, including variable renewables such as wind and solar.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> Typical cost savings and project cost associated with CHP applications can be found on the DOE IAC database.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a></p>\n<p>Fuel cells offer a clean, energy-efficient, grid-independent and reliable source of power provided adequate fuel supply from a variety of domestic energy sources such as hydrogen, natural gas, and methanol making them a viable alternative for backup power generation and storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a> Excess electricity produced by fuel cells can run an electrolyzer and extract hydrogen from water, providing hydrogen for storage and for later use in the fuel cell to produce electricity when it is needed.</p>\n<p>Vehicle-to-grid applications with bi-directional electric-plug in charging stations enable fully charged EV’s to supply power to the grid during emergencies or supply shortages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional power generation systems, islandable systems with energy storage require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> As the cost of energy storage and backup power generation technologies decline and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support energy resiliency in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change. <a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Energy Storage Technologies. <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/energy-storage-technologies\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/energy-storage-technologies</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Ibid. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2018. Fuel Cells. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cells\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cells</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> NREL. 2018. Vehicle to Grid Integration. Energy Systems Integration Facility. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201021133358/https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At: <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety (IBHS). 2017 FORTIFIED Commercial – Hurricane Standard.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf</a> (accessed October 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> NREL. 2018. Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Clean Energy Group. 2016. Hopewell Valley Highschool. <a href=\"https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/\">https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> USGGB Center for Resilience. 2018. Profiles of Resilience. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190928203552/https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190928203552/https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> US Department of Energy. 2018. “CHP Applications.” Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) <a href=\"https://iac.university/searchRecommendations?arcCode=2.34\">https://iac.university/searchRecommendations?arcCode=2.34</a> (accessed Dec 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). 2016. Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen</a> (accessed October 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Energy Storage Association (ESA). 2018. “Electricity Storage and Plug-In Vehicles.” <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles</a> (accessed August 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170513121841/https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Power and Heat (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/ups\">Energy Storage Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200702200424/https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/\">Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety (IBHS) – FORTIFIED Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200606192915/https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/\">NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation','','','2022-06-23 19:22:55','2022-06-23 19:22:55','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1533',0,'post','',0),(1534,2,'2022-04-13 20:28:22','2022-04-13 20:28:22','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1533-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:28:22','2022-04-13 20:28:22','',1533,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1534',0,'revision','',0),(1536,2,'2022-04-13 20:35:56','2022-04-13 20:35:56','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation? </strong></h2>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlight the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy for later use when it is needed, such as during a power outage, or for energy arbitrage storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> The following categories highlight current and emerging energy storage technologies applicable to the building sector:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Solid State Batteries</li>\n<li>Flow Solid State Batteries</li>\n<li>Flywheels</li>\n<li>Compressed Air Energy Storage</li>\n<li>Thermal(see <em>Thermal Energy Storage</em>)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Backup power provides energy required for supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage) from on-site power generation systems with islanding (generating power when the electrical grid is down) capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators. Energy storage systems could also help provide grid stabilization functionalities such as Contingency Reserve and Frequency Regulation.</p>\n<p>As the costs of energy storage and backup power generation systems continue to decline and the integration of these technologies continues to advance, several viable options exist for supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage (see <em>Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready Solar PV</em>)</li>\n<li>Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems with or without energy storage (see <em>Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</em> and <em>Thermal Energy Storage</em>)</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage (see <em>Alternative Transportation</em>)<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation </strong></h2>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from backup power in the event of power outage.</p>\n<p>Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, emergency and night-time lighting, water pumps, and phone or laptop charging, and online access via a cable modem or wireless router versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Figure 1 shows considerations for sizing solar and battery storage for backup power generation.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_245\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-245 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" width=\"878\" height=\"698\" /> Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)[/caption]<p>Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Note that configuring power systems to operate independently of the grid requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, energy storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful islanding to take place.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p>As per the <a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">Insurance Institute for Business and Home and Safety’s (IBHS) FORTIFIED Commercial Hurricane Standard</a>, locate electrical connections for backup power generation and energy storage at an elevation above the 500-year flood level or 3 ft above the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) for the property or provide dry flood protection such as flood gates, walls or doors, inflatable barriers, or sand bags to prevent water intrusion.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Accounting for cost savings during regular business operations (demand response) and for the cost of electric grid power outages and lost business (resiliency benefit) lowers the payback period for energy storage and backup power investments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/\">PV and Battery Pilot Project, Hopewell Valley Central Highschool, Pennington, NJ</a></p>\n<p>As part of PSE&amp;G’s Solar 4 All Program, which supports solar technologies that also contribute to grid resiliency, the Hopewell Valley Central Highschool installed an 876 kilowatt-dc rooftop solar and parking lot solar canopy system with large lithium ion batteries.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> The system can connect to the grid or charge batteries, allowing the highschool to participate in the PJM Frequency Regulation Market. During power outages, the system provides critical functions including heating/cooling, emergency lighting, and food refrigeration.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf\">GAF Headquarters Building, Parsippany, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The GAF Headquarters Building led the way in 2016 becoming the first building to ever be awarded the LEED pilot credit for resilient design (now being incorporated into the RELi resilience standard).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> The project team designed the building to maintain critical functions in the event of a hurricane, by avoiding flood zones, designing flood preparation and backup capabilities for long-term power outages, reinforcing roof structures to hurricane wind standards, and developing a business continuity recovery plan that details employee and business procedures in the event of a disaster.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site energy storage and backup power generation provides a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies while also helping to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs (see <em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>, and <em>Smart Metering</em>). For example, energy storage systems provide a way for customers to shift power demands to off-peak hours and to take advantage of time-of-day pricing and lower energy prices.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capabilities and battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, with the added benefit of increased power reliability. Battery storage helps to reduce common challenges with PV systems such as ramping, output variability, voltage and current inconsistencies that impact power quality, and a disconnect between the power supply (morning sun) and power demand (afternoon and evening air conditioning spikes).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Islandable PV systems with battery storage also provide value throughout the year, do not require refueling and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></p>\n<p>CHP systems that utilize both thermal and electrical storage further increase energy efficiency by capturing wasted energy resulting from the overgeneration of heat and electricity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> A form of distributed energy generation, CHP systems support the development and integration of the broader smart grid by providing a consistent and reliable source of backup power that helps to balance the supply and demand of electricity from other distributed energy generators, including variable renewables such as wind and solar.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> Typical cost savings and project cost associated with CHP applications can be found on the DOE IAC database.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a></p>\n<p>Fuel cells offer a clean, energy-efficient, grid-independent and reliable source of power provided adequate fuel supply from a variety of domestic energy sources such as hydrogen, natural gas, and methanol making them a viable alternative for backup power generation and storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a> Excess electricity produced by fuel cells can run an electrolyzer and extract hydrogen from water, providing hydrogen for storage and for later use in the fuel cell to produce electricity when it is needed.</p>\n<p>Vehicle-to-grid applications with bi-directional electric-plug in charging stations enable fully charged EV’s to supply power to the grid during emergencies or supply shortages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional power generation systems, islandable systems with energy storage require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> As the cost of energy storage and backup power generation technologies decline and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support energy resiliency in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change. <a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Energy Storage Technologies. <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/energy-storage-technologies\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/energy-storage-technologies</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Ibid. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2018. Fuel Cells. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cells\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cells</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> NREL. 2018. Vehicle to Grid Integration. Energy Systems Integration Facility. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At: <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety (IBHS). 2017 FORTIFIED Commercial – Hurricane Standard.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf</a> (accessed October 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> NREL. 2018. Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Clean Energy Group. 2016. Hopewell Valley Highschool. <a href=\"https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/\">https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> USGGB Center for Resilience. 2018. Profiles of Resilience. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future <a href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future. <a href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> US Department of Energy. 2018. “CHP Applications.” Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) <a href=\"https://iac.university/searchRecommendations?arcCode=2.34\">https://iac.university/searchRecommendations?arcCode=2.34</a> (accessed Dec 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). 2016. Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen</a> (accessed October 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Energy Storage Association (ESA). 2018. “Electricity Storage and Plug-In Vehicles.” <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles</a> (accessed August 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Power and Heat (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/ups\">Energy Storage Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/\">Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety (IBHS) – FORTIFIED Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/\">NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation','','inherit','closed','closed','','1533-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:35:56','2022-04-13 20:35:56','',1533,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1536',0,'revision','',0),(1537,2,'2022-04-13 20:35:56','2022-04-13 20:35:56','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation? </strong></h2>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlight the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy for later use when it is needed, such as during a power outage, or for energy arbitrage storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> The following categories highlight current and emerging energy storage technologies applicable to the building sector:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Solid State Batteries</li>\n<li>Flow Solid State Batteries</li>\n<li>Flywheels</li>\n<li>Compressed Air Energy Storage</li>\n<li>Thermal(see <em>Thermal Energy Storage</em>)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Backup power provides energy required for supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage) from on-site power generation systems with islanding (generating power when the electrical grid is down) capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators. Energy storage systems could also help provide grid stabilization functionalities such as Contingency Reserve and Frequency Regulation.</p>\n<p>As the costs of energy storage and backup power generation systems continue to decline and the integration of these technologies continues to advance, several viable options exist for supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage (see <em>Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready Solar PV</em>)</li>\n<li>Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems with or without energy storage (see <em>Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</em> and <em>Thermal Energy Storage</em>)</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage (see <em>Alternative Transportation</em>)<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation </strong></h2>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from backup power in the event of power outage.</p>\n<p>Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, emergency and night-time lighting, water pumps, and phone or laptop charging, and online access via a cable modem or wireless router versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Figure 1 shows considerations for sizing solar and battery storage for backup power generation.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_245\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-245 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" width=\"878\" height=\"698\" /> Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)[/caption]<p>Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Note that configuring power systems to operate independently of the grid requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, energy storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful islanding to take place.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p>As per the <a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">Insurance Institute for Business and Home and Safety’s (IBHS) FORTIFIED Commercial Hurricane Standard</a>, locate electrical connections for backup power generation and energy storage at an elevation above the 500-year flood level or 3 ft above the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) for the property or provide dry flood protection such as flood gates, walls or doors, inflatable barriers, or sand bags to prevent water intrusion.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Accounting for cost savings during regular business operations (demand response) and for the cost of electric grid power outages and lost business (resiliency benefit) lowers the payback period for energy storage and backup power investments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/\">PV and Battery Pilot Project, Hopewell Valley Central Highschool, Pennington, NJ</a></p>\n<p>As part of PSE&amp;G’s Solar 4 All Program, which supports solar technologies that also contribute to grid resiliency, the Hopewell Valley Central Highschool installed an 876 kilowatt-dc rooftop solar and parking lot solar canopy system with large lithium ion batteries.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> The system can connect to the grid or charge batteries, allowing the highschool to participate in the PJM Frequency Regulation Market. During power outages, the system provides critical functions including heating/cooling, emergency lighting, and food refrigeration.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf\">GAF Headquarters Building, Parsippany, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The GAF Headquarters Building led the way in 2016 becoming the first building to ever be awarded the LEED pilot credit for resilient design (now being incorporated into the RELi resilience standard).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> The project team designed the building to maintain critical functions in the event of a hurricane, by avoiding flood zones, designing flood preparation and backup capabilities for long-term power outages, reinforcing roof structures to hurricane wind standards, and developing a business continuity recovery plan that details employee and business procedures in the event of a disaster.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site energy storage and backup power generation provides a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies while also helping to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs (see <em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>, and <em>Smart Metering</em>). For example, energy storage systems provide a way for customers to shift power demands to off-peak hours and to take advantage of time-of-day pricing and lower energy prices.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capabilities and battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, with the added benefit of increased power reliability. Battery storage helps to reduce common challenges with PV systems such as ramping, output variability, voltage and current inconsistencies that impact power quality, and a disconnect between the power supply (morning sun) and power demand (afternoon and evening air conditioning spikes).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Islandable PV systems with battery storage also provide value throughout the year, do not require refueling and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></p>\n<p>CHP systems that utilize both thermal and electrical storage further increase energy efficiency by capturing wasted energy resulting from the overgeneration of heat and electricity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> A form of distributed energy generation, CHP systems support the development and integration of the broader smart grid by providing a consistent and reliable source of backup power that helps to balance the supply and demand of electricity from other distributed energy generators, including variable renewables such as wind and solar.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> Typical cost savings and project cost associated with CHP applications can be found on the DOE IAC database.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a></p>\n<p>Fuel cells offer a clean, energy-efficient, grid-independent and reliable source of power provided adequate fuel supply from a variety of domestic energy sources such as hydrogen, natural gas, and methanol making them a viable alternative for backup power generation and storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a> Excess electricity produced by fuel cells can run an electrolyzer and extract hydrogen from water, providing hydrogen for storage and for later use in the fuel cell to produce electricity when it is needed.</p>\n<p>Vehicle-to-grid applications with bi-directional electric-plug in charging stations enable fully charged EV’s to supply power to the grid during emergencies or supply shortages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional power generation systems, islandable systems with energy storage require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> As the cost of energy storage and backup power generation technologies decline and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support energy resiliency in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change. <a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Energy Storage Technologies. <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/energy-storage-technologies\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/energy-storage-technologies</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Ibid. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2018. Fuel Cells. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cells\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cells</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> NREL. 2018. Vehicle to Grid Integration. Energy Systems Integration Facility. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At: <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety (IBHS). 2017 FORTIFIED Commercial – Hurricane Standard.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf</a> (accessed October 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> NREL. 2018. Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Clean Energy Group. 2016. Hopewell Valley Highschool. <a href=\"https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/\">https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> USGGB Center for Resilience. 2018. Profiles of Resilience. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future <a href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future. <a href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> US Department of Energy. 2018. “CHP Applications.” Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) <a href=\"https://iac.university/searchRecommendations?arcCode=2.34\">https://iac.university/searchRecommendations?arcCode=2.34</a> (accessed Dec 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). 2016. Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen</a> (accessed October 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Energy Storage Association (ESA). 2018. “Electricity Storage and Plug-In Vehicles.” <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles</a> (accessed August 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Power and Heat (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/ups\">Energy Storage Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/\">Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety (IBHS) – FORTIFIED Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/\">NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1533-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:35:56','2022-04-13 20:35:56','',1533,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1537',0,'revision','',0),(1538,2,'2022-04-13 20:36:00','2022-04-13 20:36:00','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation? </strong></h2>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlight the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy for later use when it is needed, such as during a power outage, or for energy arbitrage storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> The following categories highlight current and emerging energy storage technologies applicable to the building sector:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Solid State Batteries</li>\n<li>Flow Solid State Batteries</li>\n<li>Flywheels</li>\n<li>Compressed Air Energy Storage</li>\n<li>Thermal(see <em>Thermal Energy Storage</em>)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Backup power provides energy required for supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage) from on-site power generation systems with islanding (generating power when the electrical grid is down) capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators. Energy storage systems could also help provide grid stabilization functionalities such as Contingency Reserve and Frequency Regulation.</p>\n<p>As the costs of energy storage and backup power generation systems continue to decline and the integration of these technologies continues to advance, several viable options exist for supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage (see <em>Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready Solar PV</em>)</li>\n<li>Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems with or without energy storage (see <em>Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</em> and <em>Thermal Energy Storage</em>)</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage (see <em>Alternative Transportation</em>)<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation </strong></h2>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from backup power in the event of power outage.</p>\n<p>Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, emergency and night-time lighting, water pumps, and phone or laptop charging, and online access via a cable modem or wireless router versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Figure 1 shows considerations for sizing solar and battery storage for backup power generation.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_245\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-245 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" width=\"878\" height=\"698\" /> Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)[/caption]<p>Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Note that configuring power systems to operate independently of the grid requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, energy storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful islanding to take place.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p>As per the <a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">Insurance Institute for Business and Home and Safety’s (IBHS) FORTIFIED Commercial Hurricane Standard</a>, locate electrical connections for backup power generation and energy storage at an elevation above the 500-year flood level or 3 ft above the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) for the property or provide dry flood protection such as flood gates, walls or doors, inflatable barriers, or sand bags to prevent water intrusion.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Accounting for cost savings during regular business operations (demand response) and for the cost of electric grid power outages and lost business (resiliency benefit) lowers the payback period for energy storage and backup power investments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/\">PV and Battery Pilot Project, Hopewell Valley Central Highschool, Pennington, NJ</a></p>\n<p>As part of PSE&amp;G’s Solar 4 All Program, which supports solar technologies that also contribute to grid resiliency, the Hopewell Valley Central Highschool installed an 876 kilowatt-dc rooftop solar and parking lot solar canopy system with large lithium ion batteries.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> The system can connect to the grid or charge batteries, allowing the highschool to participate in the PJM Frequency Regulation Market. During power outages, the system provides critical functions including heating/cooling, emergency lighting, and food refrigeration.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf\">GAF Headquarters Building, Parsippany, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The GAF Headquarters Building led the way in 2016 becoming the first building to ever be awarded the LEED pilot credit for resilient design (now being incorporated into the RELi resilience standard).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> The project team designed the building to maintain critical functions in the event of a hurricane, by avoiding flood zones, designing flood preparation and backup capabilities for long-term power outages, reinforcing roof structures to hurricane wind standards, and developing a business continuity recovery plan that details employee and business procedures in the event of a disaster.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site energy storage and backup power generation provides a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies while also helping to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs (see <em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>, and <em>Smart Metering</em>). For example, energy storage systems provide a way for customers to shift power demands to off-peak hours and to take advantage of time-of-day pricing and lower energy prices.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capabilities and battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, with the added benefit of increased power reliability. Battery storage helps to reduce common challenges with PV systems such as ramping, output variability, voltage and current inconsistencies that impact power quality, and a disconnect between the power supply (morning sun) and power demand (afternoon and evening air conditioning spikes).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Islandable PV systems with battery storage also provide value throughout the year, do not require refueling and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></p>\n<p>CHP systems that utilize both thermal and electrical storage further increase energy efficiency by capturing wasted energy resulting from the overgeneration of heat and electricity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> A form of distributed energy generation, CHP systems support the development and integration of the broader smart grid by providing a consistent and reliable source of backup power that helps to balance the supply and demand of electricity from other distributed energy generators, including variable renewables such as wind and solar.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> Typical cost savings and project cost associated with CHP applications can be found on the DOE IAC database.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a></p>\n<p>Fuel cells offer a clean, energy-efficient, grid-independent and reliable source of power provided adequate fuel supply from a variety of domestic energy sources such as hydrogen, natural gas, and methanol making them a viable alternative for backup power generation and storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a> Excess electricity produced by fuel cells can run an electrolyzer and extract hydrogen from water, providing hydrogen for storage and for later use in the fuel cell to produce electricity when it is needed.</p>\n<p>Vehicle-to-grid applications with bi-directional electric-plug in charging stations enable fully charged EV’s to supply power to the grid during emergencies or supply shortages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional power generation systems, islandable systems with energy storage require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> As the cost of energy storage and backup power generation technologies decline and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support energy resiliency in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change. <a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Energy Storage Technologies. <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/energy-storage-technologies\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/energy-storage-technologies</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Ibid. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2018. Fuel Cells. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cells\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cells</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> NREL. 2018. Vehicle to Grid Integration. Energy Systems Integration Facility. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At: <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety (IBHS). 2017 FORTIFIED Commercial – Hurricane Standard.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf</a> (accessed October 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> NREL. 2018. Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Clean Energy Group. 2016. Hopewell Valley Highschool. <a href=\"https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/\">https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/hopewell-valley/</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> USGGB Center for Resilience. 2018. Profiles of Resilience. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/profiles-of-resilience.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future <a href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future. <a href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> US Department of Energy. 2018. “CHP Applications.” Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) <a href=\"https://iac.university/searchRecommendations?arcCode=2.34\">https://iac.university/searchRecommendations?arcCode=2.34</a> (accessed Dec 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). 2016. Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen</a> (accessed October 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Energy Storage Association (ESA). 2018. “Electricity Storage and Plug-In Vehicles.” <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles</a> (accessed August 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Power and Heat (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/ups\">Energy Storage Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/\">Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety (IBHS) – FORTIFIED Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/\">NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation','','inherit','closed','closed','','1533-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:36:00','2022-04-13 20:36:00','',1533,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1538',0,'revision','',0),(1539,2,'2022-04-13 20:37:28','2022-04-13 20:37:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Emergency Water Supply and Storage\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Emergency Water Supply and Storage? </strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey receives ample rainfall, and the state’s geology supports the storage of large quantities of groundwater and surface water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> However, water conservation and planning for water scarcity when water is plentiful can reduce the risk and the costs associated with increasing population growth, aging water infrastructure, and climate change impacts such as droughts on future water quality and availability. An increase in extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, ice storms, and flooding in New Jersey has highlighted the importance of having access to clean and safe water to meet drinking, sanitation and hygiene needs during and after natural disasters, extended power outages, and other emergencies. For example, flooding can overwhelm municipal water and wastewater treatment plants and storm-related power outages can impact plant operations. Flood waters can contaminate local water supplies and private wells with raw sewage and stormwater runoff containing chemicals, debris, and other contaminants that can cause serious illness.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> While backup generators at municipal water and wastewater treatment plants can prevent power outages and elevating equipment can protect plant operations, individual building owners and operators can also take steps to safeguard water for emergencies.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_67\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"768\"]<img class=\"wp-image-67 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Emergency-Water-Supply-and-Storage-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)\" width=\"768\" height=\"498\" /> Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)[/caption]<p>Strategies to safeguard water at the building level include designating back-up power for water pumps, providing on-site water storage, and designing redundant water supply and treatment systems that utilize captured rainwater or recycled wastewater as the primary or backup water supply (see <em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, and On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Provide for Emergency Water Supply and Storage </strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for access to potable water during a power outage or storm-related event, starts with water conservation, and can include reusing water on-site, such as harvested rainwater or recycled greywater for storage and later use during emergencies to cover operations such as toilet flushing, mechanical equipment, and irrigation (see <em>Water-Efficient Landscaping, Indoor Water Conservation, On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<p>The specifics depend on whether or not the building utilizes the municipal water system. During a water emergency, a building on municipal water may still have access to clean potable water due to the municipal water and treatment plant’s backup water storage or backup power system.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> In this situation, planning for emergency water supply and storage requires providing backup power generation to operate water pumps and to distribute water throughout a building (see <em>Energy Storage and Back-Up Power Generation</em>).</p>\n<p>Buildings with deep-well pumps that do not rely on the municipal water supply can utilize energy storage and back-power generation, or hand pumps to power the deep-well pump. Gravity-fed water from an on-site spring or cistern part of a rainwater harvesting system, which includes adequate water storage can provide a redundant or backup water supply to complement public or deep-well water resources. Where there is no option for on-site water replenishment, look to provide emergency water storage that can gravity-feed water to the building, such as rooftop water tanks or water storage with pumps powered by stored energy or off-grid generators.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://thewatershed.org/visit/\">Stony Brook-Millstone Watershed Association Center</a></p>\n<p>Rainwater collected from the building’s rooftop supplies water for flushing toilets, reducing municipal potable water, stormwater runoff, and energy used to pump and treat water.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The benefits of planning for emergency water supply and storage become most apparent during an emergency or disaster. Proper preparations can reduce business closures and avoid health and safety hazards associated with water emergencies. Planning for access to potable water during emergencies can also benefit overall water conservation efforts during normal operations, as alternative solutions and reuse scenarios are considered to utilize and manage water on a site.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and back-up technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As the cost of water storage and backup power generation technologies decline and power outages and water emergencies become more common, the resiliency benefits of reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing for emergency water supply and storage enhances resiliency by utilizing redundant and local water supplies and reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity. Ensuring access to potable water during emergencies decreases the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2017, New Jersey Water Supply Plan 2017-2022: 484p, <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html</a> (accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018. Healthy Water – Water-Related Emergencies and Outbreaks. <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/</a> (accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Wilson, Alex. 2015. LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design Adopted! <a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/\">http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/</a> (accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170513121841/https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/\">On-site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">Center for Disease Control – Healthy Water</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial-buildings\">US EPA WaterSense for Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-conservation-epa\">US EPA – Water Conservation at EPA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Emergency Water Supply and Storage','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage','','','2022-06-23 19:33:01','2022-06-23 19:33:01','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1539',0,'post','',0),(1540,2,'2022-04-13 20:36:53','2022-04-13 20:36:53','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1539-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:36:53','2022-04-13 20:36:53','',1539,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1540',0,'revision','',0),(1542,2,'2022-04-13 20:37:28','2022-04-13 20:37:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Emergency Water Supply and Storage\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is a Biomass Energy System?</strong></h2>\n<p>Biomass energy systems utilize biomass, a renewable resource, to power facility heating, electric power generation, or combined heat and power (CHP) systems (see <em>Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Biomass sources include organic material such as plant matter, wood, waste wood, residue from agriculture or forestry and organic matter from municipal or industrial waste. Fumes from landfills such as methane, a natural gas, provide biomass for electricity generation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_190\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"754\"]<img class=\"wp-image-190 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biomass-Energy-Systems-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Monmouth County’s 1 MW biopower project (Source: NJ Clean Energy).\" width=\"754\" height=\"552\" /> Figure 1 – Monmouth County’s 1 MW biopower project (Source: NJ Clean Energy).[/caption]\n<div id=\"attachment_378\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"> </div>\n<p>According to the Rutgers EcoComplex’s Assessment of Biomass Energy Potential in New Jersey:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Solid waste makes up 72% of biomass. Agriculture and forestry management also produce potential sources of biomass.</li>\n<li>Technologies for converting solid waste to biomass include combustion, gasification and anaerobic digestion.</li>\n<li>The counties of central and northeastern New Jersey contain the largest biomass concentrations.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Biomass Energy Systems  </strong></h2>\n<p>Direct-fired combustion is the most common method of producing heat and electricity from biomass.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Commercial scale facilities typically use woody biomass in the form of whole logs or firewood, wood chips, and wood pellets. Two types of chip-fired direct combustion systems include fixed-bed and atmospheric fluidized-bed systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>A direct combustion system burns biomass to generate hot gas, which provides heat directly or feeds biomass into a boiler to generate hot water or steam. In a boiler system, the steam provides heat for process or space heating. It can also transfer heat to a facility through typical space heating methods. In a combined heat and power system (CHP), the boiler produces steam to run a turbine and power a generator to produce electricity. Excess steam and hot water support heating applications. Combined heat and power (CHP) systems significantly increase overall energy efficiency to approximately 80%, from the standard biomass electricity-only systems with efficiencies of approximately 20%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Cost-effect biomass energy systems utilize both electricity production and thermal energy.</p>\n<p>See <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/biopower/biopower\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program: Biopower</a> to find out more about the types of biomass energy systems currently supported in New Jersey. Installing a biomass energy system requires professional expertise. Evaluate the facility’s waste stream to identify opportunities to convert waste into energy.</p>\n<p>See the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/combined-heat-power/combined-heat-power\">NJ Office of Clean Energy’s Combined Heat and Power Program</a> also offers incentives for CHP systems, with bonus incentives for CHP systems fueled by renewable fuel sources.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.biomasscenter.org/resource-library/case-studies\">Biomass Energy Resource Center (BERC)</a></p>\n<p>With funding from the US DOE, the Biomass Energy Resource Center (BERC) developed a series of case studies illustrating the design and operational experiences of various community-scale facilities, including businesses, campuses, community buildings, schools, housing and government facilities, that employ biomass systems in the US, Canada, Europe, and Scandinavia.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/casestudy07_rex_lumber.pdf\">The Rex Lumber Company, Englishtown, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Rex Lumber Company, with a rebate for nearly 50% from the NJ Clean Energy Program, replaced a natural gas system with a wood-waste boiler biomass system to heat its kilns.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using biomass for energy turns waste into resources, provides a renewable source of electricity and reduces the use of and dependency on fossil fuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing fuel supply security. Biomass powered CHP technologies have the added benefit of generating both low-carbon electricity and low-carbon heat, further increasing energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions by utilizing waste heat and using fuel more efficiently.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Biomass reduces waste management costs like tipping fees while promoting local business and farming. Replacing up to 20% of fossil fuel such as coal with bio-fuel also reduces nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide emissions. Capturing methane, a gas emitted by the decomposition of waste 28-36 times stronger than carbon dioxide, reduces emissions of a significant greenhouse gas.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The economics of biomass power generation depends on the availability of a predictable, local, sustainably-sourced, low-cost and long-term feedstock supply.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Differences in feedstock chemical composition impact the cost of the feedstock. For example, waste produced due to industrial processes can have a zero or even negative cost by avoiding waste disposal charges. Likewise, prices for dedicated energy crops can spike due to low productivity and high transportation costs. Lower cost options may include agricultural, and forestry residues collected and transported over short distances or available locally as a by-product.</p>\n<p>The wide range of bioenergy-fired power generation technologies translates into a broad range of installed costs. For example, installation costs for biomass heating plants average between $500 to $1500 per kW-thermal of installed heating rate capacity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Installation for small-scale biomass electric plants typically cost between $3,000 to $4,000 per kW.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<p>Fixed operations and maintenance (O&amp;M) costs, such as labor, scheduled maintenance, routine component or equipment replacement, and insurance for bioenergy power plants typically range from 2-6% of total installed costs per year, while variable O&amp;M costs average 0.005/KWh.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Biomass offers several resiliency benefits including the ability to stockpile fuel for emergencies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> Plans to recover, segregate, and process biomass fuel locally makes downed biomass from fallen trees and vegetation caused by storms and natural disasters a cost-saving resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Making use of downed biomass also frees up time and money for other recovery efforts, while at the same time providing short to long-term backup power for critical infrastructure and emergency services.</p>\n<p>Biomass energy systems with off-grid or islanding capabilities and thermal energy storage provide enhanced energy independence, security, and reliability in the event of natural disasters and security threats while also helping to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs (see <em>Thermal Energy Storage, Battery Storage and Back-up Power Generation, Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> Biomass-fired CHP systems promote the renewable energy industry in New Jersey by utilizing renewable sources of fuel, providing backup power and balancing the supply and demand of electricity from variable renewables such as wind and solar.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> A form of distributed energy generation, biomass-fired CHP systems support the development and integration of microgrids and the broader smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources and energy storage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Biomass to Heat. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat</a> (accessed April 30, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> NJ Clean Energy Program. “Biopower.” <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/biopower/biopower\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/biopower/biopower</a> (accessed April 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Rutgers EcoComplex: Assessment of Biomass Energy Potential in New Jersey. Version 2.0 Updated July 2015. <a href=\"http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/biomass-energy-potential/\">http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/biomass-energy-potential/</a> (accessed April 30, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> WBDG: Biomass for Electricity Production <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation</a> (accessed April 30, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future. <a href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas\">https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas</a> (accessed April 30, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> International Renewable Energy Agency (IREA). Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017 <a href=\"http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017\">http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> WBDG. Biomass from Heating. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> WBDG. Biomass from Electricity. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> IREA. Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017 <a href=\"http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017\">http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> WBDG. Biomass from Heating. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> Woody Biomass Utilization Working Group (WBUG). Benefits of Biomass.  <a href=\"https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/Woody_Biomass/index.shtml\">https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/Woody_Biomass/index.shtml</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future. <a href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/biomass-energy-potential/default.asp\">Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experimental Station – Assessment of Biomass Energy Potential in New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/Woody_Biomass/index.shtml\">Federal Woody Biomass Utilization Working Group (WBUG</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.irena.org/\">International Renewable Energy Agency (IREA)</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017\">Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.iea.org/\">International Energy Agency (IEA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/renewable-energy-incentive-program/for-customers\">NJ Clean Energy: Getting Started</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/biopower/biopower\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – Biopower</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/combined-heat-power/combined-heat-power\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – CHP</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/\">Sustainable Energy Working Group</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Department of Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy\">Bioenergy Technologies Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://bioenergykdf.net/\">Bioenergy Knowledge Discovery Framework (KDF)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation\">Biomass for Electricity</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat\">Biomass for Heat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1539-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:37:28','2022-04-13 20:37:28','',1539,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1542',0,'revision','',0),(1543,2,'2022-04-13 20:37:32','2022-04-13 20:37:32','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Emergency Water Supply and Storage\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is a Biomass Energy System?</strong></h2>\n<p>Biomass energy systems utilize biomass, a renewable resource, to power facility heating, electric power generation, or combined heat and power (CHP) systems (see <em>Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Biomass sources include organic material such as plant matter, wood, waste wood, residue from agriculture or forestry and organic matter from municipal or industrial waste. Fumes from landfills such as methane, a natural gas, provide biomass for electricity generation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_190\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"754\"]<img class=\"wp-image-190 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biomass-Energy-Systems-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Monmouth County’s 1 MW biopower project (Source: NJ Clean Energy).\" width=\"754\" height=\"552\" /> Figure 1 – Monmouth County’s 1 MW biopower project (Source: NJ Clean Energy).[/caption]\n<div id=\"attachment_378\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"> </div>\n<p>According to the Rutgers EcoComplex’s Assessment of Biomass Energy Potential in New Jersey:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Solid waste makes up 72% of biomass. Agriculture and forestry management also produce potential sources of biomass.</li>\n<li>Technologies for converting solid waste to biomass include combustion, gasification and anaerobic digestion.</li>\n<li>The counties of central and northeastern New Jersey contain the largest biomass concentrations.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Biomass Energy Systems  </strong></h2>\n<p>Direct-fired combustion is the most common method of producing heat and electricity from biomass.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Commercial scale facilities typically use woody biomass in the form of whole logs or firewood, wood chips, and wood pellets. Two types of chip-fired direct combustion systems include fixed-bed and atmospheric fluidized-bed systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>A direct combustion system burns biomass to generate hot gas, which provides heat directly or feeds biomass into a boiler to generate hot water or steam. In a boiler system, the steam provides heat for process or space heating. It can also transfer heat to a facility through typical space heating methods. In a combined heat and power system (CHP), the boiler produces steam to run a turbine and power a generator to produce electricity. Excess steam and hot water support heating applications. Combined heat and power (CHP) systems significantly increase overall energy efficiency to approximately 80%, from the standard biomass electricity-only systems with efficiencies of approximately 20%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Cost-effect biomass energy systems utilize both electricity production and thermal energy.</p>\n<p>See <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/biopower/biopower\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program: Biopower</a> to find out more about the types of biomass energy systems currently supported in New Jersey. Installing a biomass energy system requires professional expertise. Evaluate the facility’s waste stream to identify opportunities to convert waste into energy.</p>\n<p>See the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/combined-heat-power/combined-heat-power\">NJ Office of Clean Energy’s Combined Heat and Power Program</a> also offers incentives for CHP systems, with bonus incentives for CHP systems fueled by renewable fuel sources.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.biomasscenter.org/resource-library/case-studies\">Biomass Energy Resource Center (BERC)</a></p>\n<p>With funding from the US DOE, the Biomass Energy Resource Center (BERC) developed a series of case studies illustrating the design and operational experiences of various community-scale facilities, including businesses, campuses, community buildings, schools, housing and government facilities, that employ biomass systems in the US, Canada, Europe, and Scandinavia.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/casestudy07_rex_lumber.pdf\">The Rex Lumber Company, Englishtown, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Rex Lumber Company, with a rebate for nearly 50% from the NJ Clean Energy Program, replaced a natural gas system with a wood-waste boiler biomass system to heat its kilns.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using biomass for energy turns waste into resources, provides a renewable source of electricity and reduces the use of and dependency on fossil fuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing fuel supply security. Biomass powered CHP technologies have the added benefit of generating both low-carbon electricity and low-carbon heat, further increasing energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions by utilizing waste heat and using fuel more efficiently.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Biomass reduces waste management costs like tipping fees while promoting local business and farming. Replacing up to 20% of fossil fuel such as coal with bio-fuel also reduces nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide emissions. Capturing methane, a gas emitted by the decomposition of waste 28-36 times stronger than carbon dioxide, reduces emissions of a significant greenhouse gas.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The economics of biomass power generation depends on the availability of a predictable, local, sustainably-sourced, low-cost and long-term feedstock supply.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Differences in feedstock chemical composition impact the cost of the feedstock. For example, waste produced due to industrial processes can have a zero or even negative cost by avoiding waste disposal charges. Likewise, prices for dedicated energy crops can spike due to low productivity and high transportation costs. Lower cost options may include agricultural, and forestry residues collected and transported over short distances or available locally as a by-product.</p>\n<p>The wide range of bioenergy-fired power generation technologies translates into a broad range of installed costs. For example, installation costs for biomass heating plants average between $500 to $1500 per kW-thermal of installed heating rate capacity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Installation for small-scale biomass electric plants typically cost between $3,000 to $4,000 per kW.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<p>Fixed operations and maintenance (O&amp;M) costs, such as labor, scheduled maintenance, routine component or equipment replacement, and insurance for bioenergy power plants typically range from 2-6% of total installed costs per year, while variable O&amp;M costs average 0.005/KWh.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Biomass offers several resiliency benefits including the ability to stockpile fuel for emergencies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> Plans to recover, segregate, and process biomass fuel locally makes downed biomass from fallen trees and vegetation caused by storms and natural disasters a cost-saving resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Making use of downed biomass also frees up time and money for other recovery efforts, while at the same time providing short to long-term backup power for critical infrastructure and emergency services.</p>\n<p>Biomass energy systems with off-grid or islanding capabilities and thermal energy storage provide enhanced energy independence, security, and reliability in the event of natural disasters and security threats while also helping to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs (see <em>Thermal Energy Storage, Battery Storage and Back-up Power Generation, Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> Biomass-fired CHP systems promote the renewable energy industry in New Jersey by utilizing renewable sources of fuel, providing backup power and balancing the supply and demand of electricity from variable renewables such as wind and solar.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> A form of distributed energy generation, biomass-fired CHP systems support the development and integration of microgrids and the broader smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources and energy storage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Biomass to Heat. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat</a> (accessed April 30, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> NJ Clean Energy Program. “Biopower.” <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/biopower/biopower\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/biopower/biopower</a> (accessed April 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Rutgers EcoComplex: Assessment of Biomass Energy Potential in New Jersey. Version 2.0 Updated July 2015. <a href=\"http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/biomass-energy-potential/\">http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/biomass-energy-potential/</a> (accessed April 30, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> WBDG: Biomass for Electricity Production <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation</a> (accessed April 30, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future. <a href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas\">https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas</a> (accessed April 30, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> International Renewable Energy Agency (IREA). Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017 <a href=\"http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017\">http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> WBDG. Biomass from Heating. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> WBDG. Biomass from Electricity. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> IREA. Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017 <a href=\"http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017\">http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> WBDG. Biomass from Heating. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> Woody Biomass Utilization Working Group (WBUG). Benefits of Biomass.  <a href=\"https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/Woody_Biomass/index.shtml\">https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/Woody_Biomass/index.shtml</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. Co-generation and Renewables – Solutions for a low-carbon energy future. <a href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf\">https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CoGeneration_RenewablesSolutionsforaLowCarbonEnergyFuture.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 9, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/biomass-energy-potential/default.asp\">Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experimental Station – Assessment of Biomass Energy Potential in New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/Woody_Biomass/index.shtml\">Federal Woody Biomass Utilization Working Group (WBUG</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.irena.org/\">International Renewable Energy Agency (IREA)</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017\">Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.iea.org/\">International Energy Agency (IEA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/renewable-energy-incentive-program/for-customers\">NJ Clean Energy: Getting Started</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/biopower/biopower\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – Biopower</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/combined-heat-power/combined-heat-power\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – CHP</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/\">Sustainable Energy Working Group</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Department of Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy\">Bioenergy Technologies Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://bioenergykdf.net/\">Bioenergy Knowledge Discovery Framework (KDF)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation\">Biomass for Electricity</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat\">Biomass for Heat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Emergency Water Supply and Storage','','inherit','closed','closed','','1539-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:37:32','2022-04-13 20:37:32','',1539,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1543',0,'revision','',0),(1545,2,'2022-04-13 20:39:45','2022-04-13 20:39:45','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Emergency Water Supply and Storage\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Emergency Water Supply and Storage? </strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey receives ample rainfall, and the state’s geology supports the storage of large quantities of groundwater and surface water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> However, water conservation and planning for water scarcity when water is plentiful can reduce the risk and the costs associated with increasing population growth, aging water infrastructure, and climate change impacts such as droughts on future water quality and availability. An increase in extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, ice storms, and flooding in New Jersey has highlighted the importance of having access to clean and safe water to meet drinking, sanitation and hygiene needs during and after natural disasters, extended power outages, and other emergencies. For example, flooding can overwhelm municipal water and wastewater treatment plants and storm-related power outages can impact plant operations. Flood waters can contaminate local water supplies and private wells with raw sewage and stormwater runoff containing chemicals, debris, and other contaminants that can cause serious illness.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> While backup generators at municipal water and wastewater treatment plants can prevent power outages and elevating equipment can protect plant operations, individual building owners and operators can also take steps to safeguard water for emergencies.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_67\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"768\"]<img class=\"wp-image-67 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Emergency-Water-Supply-and-Storage-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)\" width=\"768\" height=\"498\" /> Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)[/caption]<p>Strategies to safeguard water at the building level include designating back-up power for water pumps, providing on-site water storage, and designing redundant water supply and treatment systems that utilize captured rainwater or recycled wastewater as the primary or backup water supply (see <em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, and On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Provide for Emergency Water Supply and Storage </strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for access to potable water during a power outage or storm-related event, starts with water conservation, and can include reusing water on-site, such as harvested rainwater or recycled greywater for storage and later use during emergencies to cover operations such as toilet flushing, mechanical equipment, and irrigation (see <em>Water-Efficient Landscaping, Indoor Water Conservation, On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<p>The specifics depend on whether or not the building utilizes the municipal water system. During a water emergency, a building on municipal water may still have access to clean potable water due to the municipal water and treatment plant’s backup water storage or backup power system.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> In this situation, planning for emergency water supply and storage requires providing backup power generation to operate water pumps and to distribute water throughout a building (see <em>Energy Storage and Back-Up Power Generation</em>).</p>\n<p>Buildings with deep-well pumps that do not rely on the municipal water supply can utilize energy storage and back-power generation, or hand pumps to power the deep-well pump. Gravity-fed water from an on-site spring or cistern part of a rainwater harvesting system, which includes adequate water storage can provide a redundant or backup water supply to complement public or deep-well water resources. Where there is no option for on-site water replenishment, look to provide emergency water storage that can gravity-feed water to the building, such as rooftop water tanks or water storage with pumps powered by stored energy or off-grid generators.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://thewatershed.org/visit/\">Stony Brook-Millstone Watershed Association Center</a></p>\n<p>Rainwater collected from the building’s rooftop supplies water for flushing toilets, reducing municipal potable water, stormwater runoff, and energy used to pump and treat water.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The benefits of planning for emergency water supply and storage become most apparent during an emergency or disaster. Proper preparations can reduce business closures and avoid health and safety hazards associated with water emergencies. Planning for access to potable water during emergencies can also benefit overall water conservation efforts during normal operations, as alternative solutions and reuse scenarios are considered to utilize and manage water on a site.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and back-up technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As the cost of water storage and backup power generation technologies decline and power outages and water emergencies become more common, the resiliency benefits of reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing for emergency water supply and storage enhances resiliency by utilizing redundant and local water supplies and reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity. Ensuring access to potable water during emergencies decreases the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2017, New Jersey Water Supply Plan 2017-2022: 484p, <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html</a> (accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018. Healthy Water – Water-Related Emergencies and Outbreaks. <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/</a> (accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Wilson, Alex. 2015. LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design Adopted! <a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/\">http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/</a> (accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/\">On-site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">Center for Disease Control – Healthy Water</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial-buildings\">US EPA WaterSense for Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-conservation-epa\">US EPA – Water Conservation at EPA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Emergency Water Supply and Storage','','inherit','closed','closed','','1539-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:39:45','2022-04-13 20:39:45','',1539,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1545',0,'revision','',0),(1546,2,'2022-04-13 20:44:40','2022-04-13 20:44:40','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV? </strong></h2>\n<p>Photovoltaic (PV) systems are semiconductor devices that use renewable solar energy to create electricity (see <em>Photovoltaic (PV) systems</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Most grid-tied PV systems connect to the traditional centralized grid or macrogrid and loose power whenever the large-scale electric power system goes down.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Islanding refers to when a distributed energy resource (DER), such as a PV system, continues to power a location with available solar even after a grid outage. Laws typically require grid-tied PV systems to have a grid-tie inverter with an anti-islanding capability, which can sense when a power outage occurs, automatically disconnect from the grid, and shut itself off, protecting utility workers from live wires and preventing power surges.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_400\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1132\"]<img class=\"wp-image-400 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Solar-Islanding-Micrgrid-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Diagram of a typical microgrid configuration. (Source: NREL https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\" width=\"1132\" height=\"744\" /> Figure 1. Diagram of a typical microgrid configuration. (Source: NREL https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0[/caption]<p>Unlike the traditional macrogrid, microgrids function as locally controlled systems (see Figure 1) and can allow for intentional solar islanding or operating independently of the grid.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> The United States Department of Energy Microgrid Exchange Group defines a microgrid as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<blockquote><p>“A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DER)     within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity to the grid. A microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.”</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Microgrids can operate at different scales or classifications based on the size and organization of the Distributed Energy Resources (DER) connected to the grid. For example, Level 1 or single customer microgrids may include PV systems that serve one customer or building through a single meter.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capability and battery storage can provide emergency power for critical building functions during grid outages and emergency situations (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). They can also function independently of the traditional grid during the year to manage peak demand and energy prices through participation in Demand Response (DR) programs (see <em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>). Likewise, PV systems designed to connect to local or future microgrid connections helps support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage power outages, peak demand, and the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid (see <em>Smart Metering, and Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV </strong></h2>\n<p>Reconfiguring PV systems to operate independently of the grid and serve as self-sufficient microgrids requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, battery storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful solar islanding to take place (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from solar islanding. Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, lighting, and phone or laptop charging versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> See the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding</a> example below for advice on calculating critical loads and determining capacity requirements for an islandable PV and battery storage system.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_134\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1038\"]<img class=\"wp-image-134 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Solar-Islanding-Microgrid-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Typical grid-tied islanding system (source: www.aeesolar.com/sites/default/files/Graph-grid- tie-battery-backup.jpg). The solar array includes DC coupled battery storage with the potential for adding supplemental generation sources.\" width=\"1038\" height=\"684\" /> Figure 2 – Typical grid-tied islanding system (source: www.aeesolar.com/sites/default/files/Graph-grid- tie-battery-backup.jpg). The solar array includes DC coupled battery storage with the potential for adding supplemental generation sources.[/caption]<p>Hire a professional, licensed contractor to design and install the photovoltaic system, and help with paperwork for any tax credits and rebates or other incentives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding. Funding and incentive programs may require islandable PV and battery storage systems to blackstart or startup without a direct connection to the electric utility grid and operate at critical load for a set minimum period.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/highland-park-solar-islanding-project/\">Solar Islanding Project, Highland Park, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>This report analyzes the power demands and associated functions potentially sustained by three existing solar installations in Highland Park, NJ if converted into solar power islands. The report includes recommendations in language consistent with the National Incident Management System (NIMS) standard for adoption by other municipalities who may already have solar islands.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar islanding and microgrid ready PV systems with battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, while also providing a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies and help to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs. By providing localized power generation, islandable PV systems increase energy efficiency by reducing transmission and distribution losses typical of centralized grid systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Unlike diesel and fossil-fueled generators, typically used only during emergencies, islandable PV systems with battery storage provide value throughout the year, do not require regular maintenance or refueling, and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional grid-tied PV systems, islandable PV and battery storage systems require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs (see <em>Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> As the cost of solar and battery storage declines and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, may offset these incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar PV systems support energy resiliency in many ways. PV systems with islanding capability and battery storage can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Solar islanding and microgrid ready PV systems support the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage. PV systems installed high up on buildings or poles are protected from flood waters. PV systems that meet local codes and wind loading requirements are designed to withstand damage and provide a reliable source of power in hurricane zones.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At: <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> NREL (2017) Microgrid-Ready Solar PV – Planning for Resiliency. Updated September 2017. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70122.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70122.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. 2018. Microgrids at Berkeley Labs. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200606192915/https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0</a>  (accessed Oct 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Ibid. Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US Department of Energy. “A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.” <a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2018. Energy Resilience Bank. <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/erb.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/erb.html</a> (accessed Oct 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170513121841/https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200702200424/https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200606192915/https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ Office of Clean Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/der-microgrid-feasibility-studies\">Town Center Distributed Energy Resource Microgrid Feasibility Study Incentive Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv','','\nhttp://rcgb.rutgers.edu/highland-park-solar-islanding-project/','2022-06-23 18:41:43','2022-06-23 18:41:43','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1546',0,'post','',0),(1547,2,'2022-04-13 20:39:58','2022-04-13 20:39:58','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1546-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:39:58','2022-04-13 20:39:58','',1546,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1547',0,'revision','',0),(1549,2,'2022-04-13 20:44:40','2022-04-13 20:44:40','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV? </strong></h2>\n<p>Photovoltaic (PV) systems are semiconductor devices that use renewable solar energy to create electricity (see <em>Photovoltaic (PV) systems</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Most grid-tied PV systems connect to the traditional centralized grid or macrogrid and loose power whenever the large-scale electric power system goes down.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Islanding refers to when a distributed energy resource (DER), such as a PV system, continues to power a location with available solar even after a grid outage. Laws typically require grid-tied PV systems to have a grid-tie inverter with an anti-islanding capability, which can sense when a power outage occurs, automatically disconnect from the grid, and shut itself off, protecting utility workers from live wires and preventing power surges.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_400\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1132\"]<img class=\"wp-image-400 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Solar-Islanding-Micrgrid-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Diagram of a typical microgrid configuration. (Source: NREL https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\" width=\"1132\" height=\"744\" /> Figure 1. Diagram of a typical microgrid configuration. (Source: NREL https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0[/caption]<p>Unlike the traditional macrogrid, microgrids function as locally controlled systems (see Figure 1) and can allow for intentional solar islanding or operating independently of the grid.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> The United States Department of Energy Microgrid Exchange Group defines a microgrid as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<blockquote><p>“A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DER)     within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity to the grid. A microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.”</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Microgrids can operate at different scales or classifications based on the size and organization of the Distributed Energy Resources (DER) connected to the grid. For example, Level 1 or single customer microgrids may include PV systems that serve one customer or building through a single meter.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capability and battery storage can provide emergency power for critical building functions during grid outages and emergency situations (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). They can also function independently of the traditional grid during the year to manage peak demand and energy prices through participation in Demand Response (DR) programs (see <em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>). Likewise, PV systems designed to connect to local or future microgrid connections helps support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage power outages, peak demand, and the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid (see <em>Smart Metering, and Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV </strong></h2>\n<p>Reconfiguring PV systems to operate independently of the grid and serve as self-sufficient microgrids requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, battery storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful solar islanding to take place (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from solar islanding. Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, lighting, and phone or laptop charging versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> See the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding</a> example below for advice on calculating critical loads and determining capacity requirements for an islandable PV and battery storage system.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_134\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1038\"]<img class=\"wp-image-134 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Solar-Islanding-Microgrid-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Typical grid-tied islanding system (source: www.aeesolar.com/sites/default/files/Graph-grid- tie-battery-backup.jpg). The solar array includes DC coupled battery storage with the potential for adding supplemental generation sources.\" width=\"1038\" height=\"684\" /> Figure 2 – Typical grid-tied islanding system (source: www.aeesolar.com/sites/default/files/Graph-grid- tie-battery-backup.jpg). The solar array includes DC coupled battery storage with the potential for adding supplemental generation sources.[/caption]<p>Hire a professional, licensed contractor to design and install the photovoltaic system, and help with paperwork for any tax credits and rebates or other incentives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding. Funding and incentive programs may require islandable PV and battery storage systems to blackstart or startup without a direct connection to the electric utility grid and operate at critical load for a set minimum period.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/highland-park-solar-islanding-project/\">Solar Islanding Project, Highland Park, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>This report analyzes the power demands and associated functions potentially sustained by three existing solar installations in Highland Park, NJ if converted into solar power islands. The report includes recommendations in language consistent with the National Incident Management System (NIMS) standard for adoption by other municipalities who may already have solar islands.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar islanding and microgrid ready PV systems with battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, while also providing a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies and help to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs. By providing localized power generation, islandable PV systems increase energy efficiency by reducing transmission and distribution losses typical of centralized grid systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Unlike diesel and fossil-fueled generators, typically used only during emergencies, islandable PV systems with battery storage provide value throughout the year, do not require regular maintenance or refueling, and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional grid-tied PV systems, islandable PV and battery storage systems require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs (see <em>Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> As the cost of solar and battery storage declines and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, may offset these incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar PV systems support energy resiliency in many ways. PV systems with islanding capability and battery storage can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Solar islanding and microgrid ready PV systems support the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage. PV systems installed high up on buildings or poles are protected from flood waters. PV systems that meet local codes and wind loading requirements are designed to withstand damage and provide a reliable source of power in hurricane zones.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At: <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> NREL (2017) Microgrid-Ready Solar PV – Planning for Resiliency. Updated September 2017. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70122.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70122.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. 2018. Microgrids at Berkeley Labs. <a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0</a>  (accessed Oct 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Ibid. Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US Department of Energy. “A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.” <a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2018. Energy Resilience Bank. <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/erb.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/erb.html</a> (accessed Oct 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ Office of Clean Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/der-microgrid-feasibility-studies\">Town Center Distributed Energy Resource Microgrid Feasibility Study Incentive Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV','','inherit','closed','closed','','1546-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:44:40','2022-04-13 20:44:40','',1546,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1549',0,'revision','',0),(1550,2,'2022-04-13 20:44:40','2022-04-13 20:44:40','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV? </strong></h2>\n<p>Photovoltaic (PV) systems are semiconductor devices that use renewable solar energy to create electricity (see <em>Photovoltaic (PV) systems</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Most grid-tied PV systems connect to the traditional centralized grid or macrogrid and loose power whenever the large-scale electric power system goes down.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Islanding refers to when a distributed energy resource (DER), such as a PV system, continues to power a location with available solar even after a grid outage. Laws typically require grid-tied PV systems to have a grid-tie inverter with an anti-islanding capability, which can sense when a power outage occurs, automatically disconnect from the grid, and shut itself off, protecting utility workers from live wires and preventing power surges.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_400\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1132\"]<img class=\"wp-image-400 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Solar-Islanding-Micrgrid-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Diagram of a typical microgrid configuration. (Source: NREL https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\" width=\"1132\" height=\"744\" /> Figure 1. Diagram of a typical microgrid configuration. (Source: NREL https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0[/caption]<p>Unlike the traditional macrogrid, microgrids function as locally controlled systems (see Figure 1) and can allow for intentional solar islanding or operating independently of the grid.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> The United States Department of Energy Microgrid Exchange Group defines a microgrid as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<blockquote><p>“A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DER)     within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity to the grid. A microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.”</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Microgrids can operate at different scales or classifications based on the size and organization of the Distributed Energy Resources (DER) connected to the grid. For example, Level 1 or single customer microgrids may include PV systems that serve one customer or building through a single meter.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capability and battery storage can provide emergency power for critical building functions during grid outages and emergency situations (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). They can also function independently of the traditional grid during the year to manage peak demand and energy prices through participation in Demand Response (DR) programs (see <em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>). Likewise, PV systems designed to connect to local or future microgrid connections helps support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage power outages, peak demand, and the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid (see <em>Smart Metering, and Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV </strong></h2>\n<p>Reconfiguring PV systems to operate independently of the grid and serve as self-sufficient microgrids requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, battery storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful solar islanding to take place (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from solar islanding. Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, lighting, and phone or laptop charging versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> See the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding</a> example below for advice on calculating critical loads and determining capacity requirements for an islandable PV and battery storage system.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_134\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1038\"]<img class=\"wp-image-134 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Solar-Islanding-Microgrid-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Typical grid-tied islanding system (source: www.aeesolar.com/sites/default/files/Graph-grid- tie-battery-backup.jpg). The solar array includes DC coupled battery storage with the potential for adding supplemental generation sources.\" width=\"1038\" height=\"684\" /> Figure 2 – Typical grid-tied islanding system (source: www.aeesolar.com/sites/default/files/Graph-grid- tie-battery-backup.jpg). The solar array includes DC coupled battery storage with the potential for adding supplemental generation sources.[/caption]<p>Hire a professional, licensed contractor to design and install the photovoltaic system, and help with paperwork for any tax credits and rebates or other incentives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding. Funding and incentive programs may require islandable PV and battery storage systems to blackstart or startup without a direct connection to the electric utility grid and operate at critical load for a set minimum period.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/highland-park-solar-islanding-project/\">Solar Islanding Project, Highland Park, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>This report analyzes the power demands and associated functions potentially sustained by three existing solar installations in Highland Park, NJ if converted into solar power islands. The report includes recommendations in language consistent with the National Incident Management System (NIMS) standard for adoption by other municipalities who may already have solar islands.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar islanding and microgrid ready PV systems with battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, while also providing a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies and help to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs. By providing localized power generation, islandable PV systems increase energy efficiency by reducing transmission and distribution losses typical of centralized grid systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Unlike diesel and fossil-fueled generators, typically used only during emergencies, islandable PV systems with battery storage provide value throughout the year, do not require regular maintenance or refueling, and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional grid-tied PV systems, islandable PV and battery storage systems require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs (see <em>Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> As the cost of solar and battery storage declines and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, may offset these incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar PV systems support energy resiliency in many ways. PV systems with islanding capability and battery storage can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Solar islanding and microgrid ready PV systems support the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage. PV systems installed high up on buildings or poles are protected from flood waters. PV systems that meet local codes and wind loading requirements are designed to withstand damage and provide a reliable source of power in hurricane zones.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At: <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> NREL (2017) Microgrid-Ready Solar PV – Planning for Resiliency. Updated September 2017. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70122.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70122.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. 2018. Microgrids at Berkeley Labs. <a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0</a>  (accessed Oct 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Ibid. Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US Department of Energy. “A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.” <a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2018. Energy Resilience Bank. <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/erb.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/erb.html</a> (accessed Oct 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ Office of Clean Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/der-microgrid-feasibility-studies\">Town Center Distributed Energy Resource Microgrid Feasibility Study Incentive Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1546-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:44:40','2022-04-13 20:44:40','',1546,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1550',0,'revision','',0),(1551,2,'2022-04-13 20:44:43','2022-04-13 20:44:43','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV? </strong></h2>\n<p>Photovoltaic (PV) systems are semiconductor devices that use renewable solar energy to create electricity (see <em>Photovoltaic (PV) systems</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Most grid-tied PV systems connect to the traditional centralized grid or macrogrid and loose power whenever the large-scale electric power system goes down.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Islanding refers to when a distributed energy resource (DER), such as a PV system, continues to power a location with available solar even after a grid outage. Laws typically require grid-tied PV systems to have a grid-tie inverter with an anti-islanding capability, which can sense when a power outage occurs, automatically disconnect from the grid, and shut itself off, protecting utility workers from live wires and preventing power surges.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_400\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1132\"]<img class=\"wp-image-400 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Solar-Islanding-Micrgrid-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Diagram of a typical microgrid configuration. (Source: NREL https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\" width=\"1132\" height=\"744\" /> Figure 1. Diagram of a typical microgrid configuration. (Source: NREL https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0[/caption]<p>Unlike the traditional macrogrid, microgrids function as locally controlled systems (see Figure 1) and can allow for intentional solar islanding or operating independently of the grid.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> The United States Department of Energy Microgrid Exchange Group defines a microgrid as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<blockquote><p>“A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DER)     within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity to the grid. A microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.”</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Microgrids can operate at different scales or classifications based on the size and organization of the Distributed Energy Resources (DER) connected to the grid. For example, Level 1 or single customer microgrids may include PV systems that serve one customer or building through a single meter.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capability and battery storage can provide emergency power for critical building functions during grid outages and emergency situations (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). They can also function independently of the traditional grid during the year to manage peak demand and energy prices through participation in Demand Response (DR) programs (see <em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>). Likewise, PV systems designed to connect to local or future microgrid connections helps support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage power outages, peak demand, and the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid (see <em>Smart Metering, and Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV </strong></h2>\n<p>Reconfiguring PV systems to operate independently of the grid and serve as self-sufficient microgrids requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, battery storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful solar islanding to take place (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from solar islanding. Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, lighting, and phone or laptop charging versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> See the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding</a> example below for advice on calculating critical loads and determining capacity requirements for an islandable PV and battery storage system.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_134\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1038\"]<img class=\"wp-image-134 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Solar-Islanding-Microgrid-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Typical grid-tied islanding system (source: www.aeesolar.com/sites/default/files/Graph-grid- tie-battery-backup.jpg). The solar array includes DC coupled battery storage with the potential for adding supplemental generation sources.\" width=\"1038\" height=\"684\" /> Figure 2 – Typical grid-tied islanding system (source: www.aeesolar.com/sites/default/files/Graph-grid- tie-battery-backup.jpg). The solar array includes DC coupled battery storage with the potential for adding supplemental generation sources.[/caption]<p>Hire a professional, licensed contractor to design and install the photovoltaic system, and help with paperwork for any tax credits and rebates or other incentives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Contact the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a> to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding. Funding and incentive programs may require islandable PV and battery storage systems to blackstart or startup without a direct connection to the electric utility grid and operate at critical load for a set minimum period.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/highland-park-solar-islanding-project/\">Solar Islanding Project, Highland Park, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>This report analyzes the power demands and associated functions potentially sustained by three existing solar installations in Highland Park, NJ if converted into solar power islands. The report includes recommendations in language consistent with the National Incident Management System (NIMS) standard for adoption by other municipalities who may already have solar islands.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar islanding and microgrid ready PV systems with battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, while also providing a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies and help to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs. By providing localized power generation, islandable PV systems increase energy efficiency by reducing transmission and distribution losses typical of centralized grid systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Unlike diesel and fossil-fueled generators, typically used only during emergencies, islandable PV systems with battery storage provide value throughout the year, do not require regular maintenance or refueling, and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional grid-tied PV systems, islandable PV and battery storage systems require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs (see <em>Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> As the cost of solar and battery storage declines and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, may offset these incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar PV systems support energy resiliency in many ways. PV systems with islanding capability and battery storage can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Solar islanding and microgrid ready PV systems support the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage. PV systems installed high up on buildings or poles are protected from flood waters. PV systems that meet local codes and wind loading requirements are designed to withstand damage and provide a reliable source of power in hurricane zones.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At: <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> NREL (2017) Microgrid-Ready Solar PV – Planning for Resiliency. Updated September 2017. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70122.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70122.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. 2018. Microgrids at Berkeley Labs. <a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0</a>  (accessed Oct 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid.  <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Ibid. Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US Department of Energy. “A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.” <a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2018. Energy Resilience Bank. <a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/erb.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/erb.html</a> (accessed Oct 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.” <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a> (accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ Office of Clean Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/der-microgrid-feasibility-studies\">Town Center Distributed Energy Resource Microgrid Feasibility Study Incentive Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV','','inherit','closed','closed','','1546-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:44:43','2022-04-13 20:44:43','',1546,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1551',0,'revision','',0),(1553,2,'2022-04-13 20:46:21','2022-04-13 20:46:21','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning? </strong></h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_413\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"716\"]<img class=\"wp-image-413 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Storm-Preparation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).\" width=\"716\" height=\"382\" /> Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).[/caption]<p>Severe weather and natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, winter storms, pandemic influenza, thunderstorms and lighting, tornadoes, and wildfires and associated power outages, flooding, evacuations, and property damage create emergency situations that impact New Jersey businesses on a regular basis. Storm preparation and emergency planning includes steps that residents and businesses can take to avoid or mitigate impacts and increase safety and comfort before, during and after adverse events. Proper preparation and planning also refers to resilient design and green building practices that increase a structure’s ability to withstand or recover from severe weather and adverse conditions and protect building occupants. For example, at the building owner level, the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) recommends securing property to protect against hurricane damage by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing permanent storm shutters for windows or boarding up windows with 5/8” plywood, cut to fit and ready to install.</li>\n<li>Adding straps or clips to securely fasten roof to the frame structure and reduce roof damage.</li>\n<li>Clearing loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.</li>\n<li>Bringing in outdoor objects such as furniture, equipment and tools or anchoring them if they cannot be brought indoors.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>At the design and building level, the <a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/\">FORTIFIED Building Standards by the Institute of Business and Home Safety (IBHS)</a> recommend roofing and fenestration best practices to protect buildings in hurricane prone areas and areas susceptible to hail and high winds. Together, these precautions provide redundancy and increase the likelihood of avoiding major damages and injuries.</p>\n<p>For more information on hurricane preparedness, see the <a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM)</a> and the <a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan-prepare/pdf/NJ_Hurricane_Survival_Guide_2018.pdf\">NJ Hurricane Survival Guide.</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement Storm Preparation and Emergency Preparedness</strong></h2>\n<p>A number of local, state and national organizations provide resources and information on storm preparation and emergency preparedness (see <strong>Resources</strong> below). The NJOEM’s “Be Ready: Follow the “Three Steps to Safety” outlines basic preparations for the most common disaster scenarios in New Jersey.</p>\n<p><u>Step One: “Get a Kit”</u> – Assemble emergency supplies including food, water, basic first aid supplies, alternative communication and other emergency equipment such as flashlights and duct tape. See <a href=\"https://www.ready.gov/build-a-kit\">Ready.gov “Build a Kit.”</a></p>\n<p><u>Step Two: “Make a Plan”</u> – Know your area’s evacuation routes and shelter locations. Keep a list of emergency contacts and local emergency numbers. Visit the <a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org/\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a> web page for more information.</p>\n<p><u>Step Three: “Stay Informed”</u> – Part of preparation is knowing exactly what kind of disasters you might face and knowing what to do in each situation. Keep track of Current Weather Forecasts and Alerts with:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local radio or TV stations</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/\">NOAA Weather Radio</a>– or <a href=\"http://www.weatherusa.net/radio\">listen online</a></li>\n<li>NJOEM’s<a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/weather/index.html\">Weather Links</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using resilient building practices and developing emergency preparedness plans and supply kits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces fear, anxiety, and losses.</li>\n<li>Avoids or mitigates impacts and costs.</li>\n<li>Speeds recovery efforts and reduces further damage and losses.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Storm preparation and emergency planning can reduce severe weather and disaster-related costs by reducing the physical and financial toll from such events. For example, identify vulnerabilities that offer the greatest potential to reduce avoidable suffering.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Having a plan in place and supplies on hand for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts. Prepared individuals and businesses can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ready.gov\">Be Ready Campaign</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/prepareyourhealth/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcpr%2Fareyouprepared%2Findex.htm\">Center for Disease Control and Prevention – Center for Preparedness and Response</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.fema.gov\">Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ibhs.org\">Institute for Business and Home Safet</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/ibhs-business-protection/ofb-ez-business-continuity/\">Open for Business (OFB-EZ)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ibhs.org/guidance/emergency-preparedness/\">Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning (EZ-Prep)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/fortified/commercial/\">FORTIFIED Commercial Building Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov\">State of New Jersey Office of Emergency Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/RELi_Dec_2018-FINAL.pdf\">RELi 2.0 Rating Guidelines for Resilient Design + Construction – HP: Hazard Preparedness</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning','','\nhttps://ibhs.org/guidance/emergency-preparedness/','2022-04-15 17:17:01','2022-04-15 17:17:01','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1553',0,'post','',0),(1554,2,'2022-04-13 20:44:52','2022-04-13 20:44:52','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1553-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:44:52','2022-04-13 20:44:52','',1553,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1554',0,'revision','',0),(1556,2,'2022-04-13 20:46:21','2022-04-13 20:46:21','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning? </strong></h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_413\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"716\"]<img class=\"wp-image-413 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Storm-Preparation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).\" width=\"716\" height=\"382\" /> Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).[/caption]<p>Severe weather and natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, winter storms, pandemic influenza, thunderstorms and lighting, tornadoes, and wildfires and associated power outages, flooding, evacuations, and property damage create emergency situations that impact New Jersey businesses on a regular basis. Storm preparation and emergency planning includes steps that residents and businesses can take to avoid or mitigate impacts and increase safety and comfort before, during and after adverse events. Proper preparation and planning also refers to resilient design and green building practices that increase a structure’s ability to withstand or recover from severe weather and adverse conditions and protect building occupants. For example, at the building owner level, the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) recommends securing property to protect against hurricane damage by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing permanent storm shutters for windows or boarding up windows with 5/8” plywood, cut to fit and ready to install.</li>\n<li>Adding straps or clips to securely fasten roof to the frame structure and reduce roof damage.</li>\n<li>Clearing loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.</li>\n<li>Bringing in outdoor objects such as furniture, equipment and tools or anchoring them if they cannot be brought indoors.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>At the design and building level, the <a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/\">FORTIFIED Building Standards by the Institute of Business and Home Safety (IBHS)</a> recommend roofing and fenestration best practices to protect buildings in hurricane prone areas and areas susceptible to hail and high winds. Together, these precautions provide redundancy and increase the likelihood of avoiding major damages and injuries.</p>\n<p>For more information on hurricane preparedness, see the <a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM)</a> and the <a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan-prepare/pdf/NJ_Hurricane_Survival_Guide_2018.pdf\">NJ Hurricane Survival Guide.</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement Storm Preparation and Emergency Preparedness</strong></h2>\n<p>A number of local, state and national organizations provide resources and information on storm preparation and emergency preparedness (see <strong>Resources</strong> below). The NJOEM’s “Be Ready: Follow the “Three Steps to Safety” outlines basic preparations for the most common disaster scenarios in New Jersey.</p>\n<p><u>Step One: “Get a Kit”</u> – Assemble emergency supplies including food, water, basic first aid supplies, alternative communication and other emergency equipment such as flashlights and duct tape. See <a href=\"https://www.ready.gov/build-a-kit\">Ready.gov “Build a Kit.”</a></p>\n<p><u>Step Two: “Make a Plan”</u> – Know your area’s evacuation routes and shelter locations. Keep a list of emergency contacts and local emergency numbers. Visit the <a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org/\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a> web page for more information.</p>\n<p><u>Step Three: “Stay Informed”</u> – Part of preparation is knowing exactly what kind of disasters you might face and knowing what to do in each situation. Keep track of Current Weather Forecasts and Alerts with:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local radio or TV stations</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/\">NOAA Weather Radio</a>– or <a href=\"http://www.weatherusa.net/radio\">listen online</a></li>\n<li>NJOEM’s<a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/weather/index.html\">Weather Links</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using resilient building practices and developing emergency preparedness plans and supply kits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces fear, anxiety, and losses.</li>\n<li>Avoids or mitigates impacts and costs.</li>\n<li>Speeds recovery efforts and reduces further damage and losses.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Storm preparation and emergency planning can reduce severe weather and disaster-related costs by reducing the physical and financial toll from such events. For example, identify vulnerabilities that offer the greatest potential to reduce avoidable suffering.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Having a plan in place and supplies on hand for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts. Prepared individuals and businesses can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/biomass-energy-potential/default.asp\">Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experimental Station – Assessment of Biomass Energy Potential in New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/Woody_Biomass/index.shtml\">Federal Woody Biomass Utilization Working Group (WBUG</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.irena.org/\">International Renewable Energy Agency (IREA)</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017\">Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.iea.org/\">International Energy Agency (IEA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/renewable-energy-incentive-program/for-customers\">NJ Clean Energy: Getting Started</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/biopower/biopower\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – Biopower</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/combined-heat-power/combined-heat-power\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – CHP</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/\">Sustainable Energy Working Group</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Department of Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy\">Bioenergy Technologies Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://bioenergykdf.net/\">Bioenergy Knowledge Discovery Framework (KDF)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation\">Biomass for Electricity</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat\">Biomass for Heat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1553-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:46:21','2022-04-13 20:46:21','',1553,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1556',0,'revision','',0),(1558,2,'2022-04-13 20:46:24','2022-04-13 20:46:24','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning? </strong></h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_413\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"716\"]<img class=\"wp-image-413 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Storm-Preparation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).\" width=\"716\" height=\"382\" /> Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).[/caption]<p>Severe weather and natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, winter storms, pandemic influenza, thunderstorms and lighting, tornadoes, and wildfires and associated power outages, flooding, evacuations, and property damage create emergency situations that impact New Jersey businesses on a regular basis. Storm preparation and emergency planning includes steps that residents and businesses can take to avoid or mitigate impacts and increase safety and comfort before, during and after adverse events. Proper preparation and planning also refers to resilient design and green building practices that increase a structure’s ability to withstand or recover from severe weather and adverse conditions and protect building occupants. For example, at the building owner level, the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) recommends securing property to protect against hurricane damage by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing permanent storm shutters for windows or boarding up windows with 5/8” plywood, cut to fit and ready to install.</li>\n<li>Adding straps or clips to securely fasten roof to the frame structure and reduce roof damage.</li>\n<li>Clearing loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.</li>\n<li>Bringing in outdoor objects such as furniture, equipment and tools or anchoring them if they cannot be brought indoors.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>At the design and building level, the <a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/\">FORTIFIED Building Standards by the Institute of Business and Home Safety (IBHS)</a> recommend roofing and fenestration best practices to protect buildings in hurricane prone areas and areas susceptible to hail and high winds. Together, these precautions provide redundancy and increase the likelihood of avoiding major damages and injuries.</p>\n<p>For more information on hurricane preparedness, see the <a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM)</a> and the <a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan-prepare/pdf/NJ_Hurricane_Survival_Guide_2018.pdf\">NJ Hurricane Survival Guide.</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement Storm Preparation and Emergency Preparedness</strong></h2>\n<p>A number of local, state and national organizations provide resources and information on storm preparation and emergency preparedness (see <strong>Resources</strong> below). The NJOEM’s “Be Ready: Follow the “Three Steps to Safety” outlines basic preparations for the most common disaster scenarios in New Jersey.</p>\n<p><u>Step One: “Get a Kit”</u> – Assemble emergency supplies including food, water, basic first aid supplies, alternative communication and other emergency equipment such as flashlights and duct tape. See <a href=\"https://www.ready.gov/build-a-kit\">Ready.gov “Build a Kit.”</a></p>\n<p><u>Step Two: “Make a Plan”</u> – Know your area’s evacuation routes and shelter locations. Keep a list of emergency contacts and local emergency numbers. Visit the <a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org/\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a> web page for more information.</p>\n<p><u>Step Three: “Stay Informed”</u> – Part of preparation is knowing exactly what kind of disasters you might face and knowing what to do in each situation. Keep track of Current Weather Forecasts and Alerts with:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local radio or TV stations</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/\">NOAA Weather Radio</a>– or <a href=\"http://www.weatherusa.net/radio\">listen online</a></li>\n<li>NJOEM’s<a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/weather/index.html\">Weather Links</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using resilient building practices and developing emergency preparedness plans and supply kits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces fear, anxiety, and losses.</li>\n<li>Avoids or mitigates impacts and costs.</li>\n<li>Speeds recovery efforts and reduces further damage and losses.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Storm preparation and emergency planning can reduce severe weather and disaster-related costs by reducing the physical and financial toll from such events. For example, identify vulnerabilities that offer the greatest potential to reduce avoidable suffering.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Having a plan in place and supplies on hand for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts. Prepared individuals and businesses can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/biomass-energy-potential/default.asp\">Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experimental Station – Assessment of Biomass Energy Potential in New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/Woody_Biomass/index.shtml\">Federal Woody Biomass Utilization Working Group (WBUG</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.irena.org/\">International Renewable Energy Agency (IREA)</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017\">Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.iea.org/\">International Energy Agency (IEA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/renewable-energy-incentive-program/for-customers\">NJ Clean Energy: Getting Started</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/biopower/biopower\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – Biopower</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/combined-heat-power/combined-heat-power\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – CHP</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://bioenergy.rutgers.edu/\">Sustainable Energy Working Group</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Department of Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy\">Bioenergy Technologies Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://bioenergykdf.net/\">Bioenergy Knowledge Discovery Framework (KDF)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation\">Biomass for Electricity</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-heat\">Biomass for Heat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning','','inherit','closed','closed','','1553-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:46:24','2022-04-13 20:46:24','',1553,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1558',0,'revision','',0),(1560,2,'2022-04-13 20:47:30','2022-04-13 20:47:30','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning? </strong></h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_413\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"716\"]<img class=\"wp-image-413 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Storm-Preparation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).\" width=\"716\" height=\"382\" /> Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).[/caption]<p>Severe weather and natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, winter storms, pandemic influenza, thunderstorms and lighting, tornadoes, and wildfires and associated power outages, flooding, evacuations, and property damage create emergency situations that impact New Jersey businesses on a regular basis. Storm preparation and emergency planning includes steps that residents and businesses can take to avoid or mitigate impacts and increase safety and comfort before, during and after adverse events. Proper preparation and planning also refers to resilient design and green building practices that increase a structure’s ability to withstand or recover from severe weather and adverse conditions and protect building occupants. For example, at the building owner level, the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) recommends securing property to protect against hurricane damage by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing permanent storm shutters for windows or boarding up windows with 5/8” plywood, cut to fit and ready to install.</li>\n<li>Adding straps or clips to securely fasten roof to the frame structure and reduce roof damage.</li>\n<li>Clearing loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.</li>\n<li>Bringing in outdoor objects such as furniture, equipment and tools or anchoring them if they cannot be brought indoors.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>At the design and building level, the <a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/\">FORTIFIED Building Standards by the Institute of Business and Home Safety (IBHS)</a> recommend roofing and fenestration best practices to protect buildings in hurricane prone areas and areas susceptible to hail and high winds. Together, these precautions provide redundancy and increase the likelihood of avoiding major damages and injuries.</p>\n<p>For more information on hurricane preparedness, see the <a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM)</a> and the <a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan-prepare/pdf/NJ_Hurricane_Survival_Guide_2018.pdf\">NJ Hurricane Survival Guide.</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement Storm Preparation and Emergency Preparedness</strong></h2>\n<p>A number of local, state and national organizations provide resources and information on storm preparation and emergency preparedness (see <strong>Resources</strong> below). The NJOEM’s “Be Ready: Follow the “Three Steps to Safety” outlines basic preparations for the most common disaster scenarios in New Jersey.</p>\n<p><u>Step One: “Get a Kit”</u> – Assemble emergency supplies including food, water, basic first aid supplies, alternative communication and other emergency equipment such as flashlights and duct tape. See <a href=\"https://www.ready.gov/build-a-kit\">Ready.gov “Build a Kit.”</a></p>\n<p><u>Step Two: “Make a Plan”</u> – Know your area’s evacuation routes and shelter locations. Keep a list of emergency contacts and local emergency numbers. Visit the <a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org/\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a> web page for more information.</p>\n<p><u>Step Three: “Stay Informed”</u> – Part of preparation is knowing exactly what kind of disasters you might face and knowing what to do in each situation. Keep track of Current Weather Forecasts and Alerts with:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local radio or TV stations</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/\">NOAA Weather Radio</a>– or <a href=\"http://www.weatherusa.net/radio\">listen online</a></li>\n<li>NJOEM’s<a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/weather/index.html\">Weather Links</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using resilient building practices and developing emergency preparedness plans and supply kits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces fear, anxiety, and losses.</li>\n<li>Avoids or mitigates impacts and costs.</li>\n<li>Speeds recovery efforts and reduces further damage and losses.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Storm preparation and emergency planning can reduce severe weather and disaster-related costs by reducing the physical and financial toll from such events. For example, identify vulnerabilities that offer the greatest potential to reduce avoidable suffering.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Having a plan in place and supplies on hand for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts. Prepared individuals and businesses can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ready.gov\">Be Ready Campaign</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/prepareyourhealth/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcpr%2Fareyouprepared%2Findex.htm\">Center for Disease Control and Prevention – Center for Preparedness and Response</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.fema.gov\">Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ibhs.org\">Institute for Business and Home Safet</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/ibhs-business-protection/ofb-ez-business-continuity/\">Open for Business (OFB-EZ)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ibhs.org/guidance/emergency-preparedness/\">Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning (EZ-Prep)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/fortified/commercial/\">FORTIFIED Commercial Building Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov\">State of New Jersey Office of Emergency Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/RELi_Dec_2018-FINAL.pdf\">RELi 2.0 Rating Guidelines for Resilient Design + Construction – HP: Hazard Preparedness</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning','','inherit','closed','closed','','1553-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:47:30','2022-04-13 20:47:30','',1553,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1560',0,'revision','',0),(1561,2,'2022-04-13 20:48:01','2022-04-13 20:48:01','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning? </strong></h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_413\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"716\"]<img class=\"wp-image-413 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Storm-Preparation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).\" width=\"716\" height=\"382\" /> Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).[/caption]<p>Severe weather and natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, winter storms, pandemic influenza, thunderstorms and lighting, tornadoes, and wildfires and associated power outages, flooding, evacuations, and property damage create emergency situations that impact New Jersey businesses on a regular basis. Storm preparation and emergency planning includes steps that residents and businesses can take to avoid or mitigate impacts and increase safety and comfort before, during and after adverse events. Proper preparation and planning also refers to resilient design and green building practices that increase a structure’s ability to withstand or recover from severe weather and adverse conditions and protect building occupants. For example, at the building owner level, the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) recommends securing property to protect against hurricane damage by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing permanent storm shutters for windows or boarding up windows with 5/8” plywood, cut to fit and ready to install.</li>\n<li>Adding straps or clips to securely fasten roof to the frame structure and reduce roof damage.</li>\n<li>Clearing loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.</li>\n<li>Bringing in outdoor objects such as furniture, equipment and tools or anchoring them if they cannot be brought indoors.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>At the design and building level, the <a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/\">FORTIFIED Building Standards by the Institute of Business and Home Safety (IBHS)</a> recommend roofing and fenestration best practices to protect buildings in hurricane prone areas and areas susceptible to hail and high winds. Together, these precautions provide redundancy and increase the likelihood of avoiding major damages and injuries.</p>\n<p>For more information on hurricane preparedness, see the <a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM)</a> and the <a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan-prepare/pdf/NJ_Hurricane_Survival_Guide_2018.pdf\">NJ Hurricane Survival Guide.</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement Storm Preparation and Emergency Preparedness</strong></h2>\n<p>A number of local, state and national organizations provide resources and information on storm preparation and emergency preparedness (see <strong>Resources</strong> below). The NJOEM’s “Be Ready: Follow the “Three Steps to Safety” outlines basic preparations for the most common disaster scenarios in New Jersey.</p>\n<p><u>Step One: “Get a Kit”</u> – Assemble emergency supplies including food, water, basic first aid supplies, alternative communication and other emergency equipment such as flashlights and duct tape. See <a href=\"https://www.ready.gov/build-a-kit\">Ready.gov “Build a Kit.”</a></p>\n<p><u>Step Two: “Make a Plan”</u> – Know your area’s evacuation routes and shelter locations. Keep a list of emergency contacts and local emergency numbers. Visit the <a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org/\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a> web page for more information.</p>\n<p><u>Step Three: “Stay Informed”</u> – Part of preparation is knowing exactly what kind of disasters you might face and knowing what to do in each situation. Keep track of Current Weather Forecasts and Alerts with:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local radio or TV stations</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/\">NOAA Weather Radio</a>– or <a href=\"http://www.weatherusa.net/radio\">listen online</a></li>\n<li>NJOEM’s<a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/weather/index.html\">Weather Links</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using resilient building practices and developing emergency preparedness plans and supply kits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces fear, anxiety, and losses.</li>\n<li>Avoids or mitigates impacts and costs.</li>\n<li>Speeds recovery efforts and reduces further damage and losses.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Storm preparation and emergency planning can reduce severe weather and disaster-related costs by reducing the physical and financial toll from such events. For example, identify vulnerabilities that offer the greatest potential to reduce avoidable suffering.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Having a plan in place and supplies on hand for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts. Prepared individuals and businesses can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ready.gov\">Be Ready Campaign</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/prepareyourhealth/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcpr%2Fareyouprepared%2Findex.htm\">Center for Disease Control and Prevention – Center for Preparedness and Response</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.fema.gov\">Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ibhs.org\">Institute for Business and Home Safet</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/ibhs-business-protection/ofb-ez-business-continuity/\">Open for Business (OFB-EZ)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ibhs.org/guidance/emergency-preparedness/\">Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning (EZ-Prep)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/fortified/commercial/\">FORTIFIED Commercial Building Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov\">State of New Jersey Office of Emergency Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/RELi_Dec_2018-FINAL.pdf\">RELi 2.0 Rating Guidelines for Resilient Design + Construction – HP: Hazard Preparedness</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning','','inherit','closed','closed','','1553-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:48:01','2022-04-13 20:48:01','',1553,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1561',0,'revision','',0),(1563,2,'2022-04-13 20:49:15','2022-04-13 20:49:15','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"New Commercial Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green commercial buildings with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing commercial buildings. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>Best practice strategies include all aspects of green building and design with an added focus on those that jointly promote energy efficiency and resiliency in keeping with the State of New Jersey policy objectives. The Manual organizes best practice strategies according to an operational framework based on a design-build-operate-evaluate process. Each strategy includes a short explanation or definition, implementation recommendations, New Jersey specific examples (when available), and sections on strategy benefits, costs, resiliency (if applicable), and additional resources.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/building-information-modeling-bim/\">Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-cost-analysis/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-brownfield-and-infill-sites/\">Brownfield and Infill Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-site-protection/\">Site Protection Plan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><strong>Envelope</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Massing</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Mechanicals and Equipment</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-part-load-efficiency/\">Part-Load Efficiency</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Energy Supply</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biomass-energy-systems/\">Biomass Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-geothermal-energy-systems/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Wind Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-pv-systems/\">Photovoltaic Systems (PV)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-thermal-systems/\">Solar Thermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Re-use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. 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Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"3\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','New Commercial','','inherit','closed','closed','','659-revision-v1','','','2022-04-13 20:49:15','2022-04-13 20:49:15','',659,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1563',0,'revision','',0),(1565,2,'2022-04-14 13:53:27','2022-04-14 13:53:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Active Living?</h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption]\n<h2>How to Implement Active Living</h2>\n<p>Design strategies that contribute to active living should be considered early in project development and an integrated design process will optimize opportunities and help minimize costs.  Equitable planning is key as “healthy” communities are often limited to those who can afford them. Communities of color and immigrant populations are increasingly occupying suburbs that often have limited safe and accessible walking and biking options.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States face health disparities including higher rates of chronic disease.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>  The NJ Department of Health’s State Health Assessment Data (<a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/health/shad\">NJSHAD</a>) provides searchable data about the health of the population in NJ that can help inform decision-making. Key recommended measures for implementing active living in developing a site include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Develop mixed land use in neighborhoods and maintain existing mixed conditions.</li>\n<li>Incorporate pedestrian-friendly design including traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Create continuous bike networks and incorporate bicycle infrastructure including indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>Ensure a pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists by including, pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Provide easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Design public spaces to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Improve access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Improve the access and availability of healthy food by providing easy access to local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>De-emphasize motor vehicle parking, avoid expansive parking lots, and locate necessary parking in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into building design. Steps that architects can take to promote physical activity within their structures incorporate some of the following:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encouraging stair use by placing the main stairway in a convenient location for everyday use as well as signage encouraging the use of stairs over elevators. Stairs should also be designed to be visually pleasing and inviting with ample daylight or electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Incorporating exercise facilities in easily visible locations as well as providing locker rooms, showers, drinking fountains, and bicycle storage.</li>\n<li>Designing the building exterior and envelope to contribute to a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere and including a variety of entries and canopies.</li>\n<li>Improving the access and availability of healthy food by providing on-site gardens on rooftops, in courtyards or on patio spaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden to address community health with an action plan that includes adopting a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a key factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are important sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences.  <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/\">https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Aces Connection. Resilient Communities are Healthy Communities. <a href=\"https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities\">https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity.  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/\">https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program <a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a> (accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity <a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a> (accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Leadership for Healthy Communities. <a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190415175314/https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a> (accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.” <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130812192814/http://activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a> (accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Waters, Hugh and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190330215843/https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181121145430/http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Work Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.activelivingresearch.org/\">Active Living Research</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/Vid_ActiveLiving.html\">American Society of Landscape Architects – Designing for Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org\">Center for Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://chnj.njpn.org/focus-areas/active-living-and-healthy-eating/\">Coalition for a Healthy New Jersey – Active Living &amp; Healthy Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://46u0j30o449zq8181dfurbcj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/FitCity10_Report_101615_SinglePg_Final_299.pdf\">FitCity10 – Promoting Physical Activity through Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://healthyplacesbydesign.org\">Healthy Places by Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bikewalk.org/pdfs/2010/IPA_full.pdf\">Increasing Physical Activity Through Community Design: A Guide for Public Health Practitioners and Livable Community Advocates</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.asla.org/contentdetail.aspx?id=23888\">Livable Communities Resource Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njbikeped.org/complete-streets-2/\">NJ Bicycle and Pedestrian Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.njhcn.org\">NJ Healthy Community Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/active-design.page&lt;/a\">New York City Department of Design and Construction – Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/hnj2020/\">State of NJ Department of Health – Healthy New Jersey 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=37&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=7e527b7b529d8e87b7cae5ad2c9a5b74\">Sustainable Jersey – Building Healthier Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190415175314/https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">US Department of Health and Human Services – Active Living</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Active Living','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-active-living','','','2022-06-23 18:47:13','2022-06-23 18:47:13','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1565',0,'post','',0),(1566,2,'2022-04-14 13:50:27','2022-04-14 13:50:27','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1565-revision-v1','','','2022-04-14 13:50:27','2022-04-14 13:50:27','',1565,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1566',0,'revision','',0),(1568,2,'2022-04-14 13:53:27','2022-04-14 13:53:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Active Living?</h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption]\n<h2>How to Implement Active Living</h2>\n<p>Design strategies that contribute to active living should be considered early in project development and an integrated design process will optimize opportunities and help minimize costs.  Equitable planning is key as “healthy” communities are often limited to those who can afford them. Communities of color and immigrant populations are increasingly occupying suburbs that often have limited safe and accessible walking and biking options.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States face health disparities including higher rates of chronic disease.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>  The NJ Department of Health’s State Health Assessment Data (<a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/health/shad\">NJSHAD</a>) provides searchable data about the health of the population in NJ that can help inform decision-making. Key recommended measures for implementing active living in developing a site include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Develop mixed land use in neighborhoods and maintain existing mixed conditions.</li>\n<li>Incorporate pedestrian-friendly design including traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Create continuous bike networks and incorporate bicycle infrastructure including indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>Ensure a pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists by including, pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Provide easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Design public spaces to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Improve access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Improve the access and availability of healthy food by providing easy access to local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>De-emphasize motor vehicle parking, avoid expansive parking lots, and locate necessary parking in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into building design. Steps that architects can take to promote physical activity within their structures incorporate some of the following:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encouraging stair use by placing the main stairway in a convenient location for everyday use as well as signage encouraging the use of stairs over elevators. Stairs should also be designed to be visually pleasing and inviting with ample daylight or electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Incorporating exercise facilities in easily visible locations as well as providing locker rooms, showers, drinking fountains, and bicycle storage.</li>\n<li>Designing the building exterior and envelope to contribute to a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere and including a variety of entries and canopies.</li>\n<li>Improving the access and availability of healthy food by providing on-site gardens on rooftops, in courtyards or on patio spaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden to address community health with an action plan that includes adopting a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a key factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are important sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences.  <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Aces Connection. Resilient Communities are Healthy Communities. <a href=\"https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities\">https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity.  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program <a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a> (accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity <a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a> (accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Leadership for Healthy Communities. <a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living. <a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a> (accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.” <a href=\"http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a> (accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Waters, Hugh and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight. <a href=\"https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities. <a href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Work Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.activelivingresearch.org/\">Active Living Research</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/Vid_ActiveLiving.html\">American Society of Landscape Architects – Designing for Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org\">Center for Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://chnj.njpn.org/focus-areas/active-living-and-healthy-eating/\">Coalition for a Healthy New Jersey – Active Living &amp; Healthy Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://46u0j30o449zq8181dfurbcj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/FitCity10_Report_101615_SinglePg_Final_299.pdf\">FitCity10 – Promoting Physical Activity through Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://healthyplacesbydesign.org\">Healthy Places by Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bikewalk.org/pdfs/2010/IPA_full.pdf\">Increasing Physical Activity Through Community Design: A Guide for Public Health Practitioners and Livable Community Advocates</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.asla.org/contentdetail.aspx?id=23888\">Livable Communities Resource Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njbikeped.org/complete-streets-2/\">NJ Bicycle and Pedestrian Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.njhcn.org\">NJ Healthy Community Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/active-design.page&lt;/a\">New York City Department of Design and Construction – Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/hnj2020/\">State of NJ Department of Health – Healthy New Jersey 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=37&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=7e527b7b529d8e87b7cae5ad2c9a5b74\">Sustainable Jersey – Building Healthier Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">US Department of Health and Human Services – Active Living</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Active Living','','inherit','closed','closed','','1565-revision-v1','','','2022-04-14 13:53:27','2022-04-14 13:53:27','',1565,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1568',0,'revision','',0),(1569,2,'2022-04-14 13:53:27','2022-04-14 13:53:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Active Living?</h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption]\n<h2>How to Implement Active Living</h2>\n<p>Design strategies that contribute to active living should be considered early in project development and an integrated design process will optimize opportunities and help minimize costs.  Equitable planning is key as “healthy” communities are often limited to those who can afford them. Communities of color and immigrant populations are increasingly occupying suburbs that often have limited safe and accessible walking and biking options.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States face health disparities including higher rates of chronic disease.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>  The NJ Department of Health’s State Health Assessment Data (<a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/health/shad\">NJSHAD</a>) provides searchable data about the health of the population in NJ that can help inform decision-making. Key recommended measures for implementing active living in developing a site include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Develop mixed land use in neighborhoods and maintain existing mixed conditions.</li>\n<li>Incorporate pedestrian-friendly design including traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Create continuous bike networks and incorporate bicycle infrastructure including indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>Ensure a pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists by including, pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Provide easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Design public spaces to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Improve access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Improve the access and availability of healthy food by providing easy access to local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>De-emphasize motor vehicle parking, avoid expansive parking lots, and locate necessary parking in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into building design. Steps that architects can take to promote physical activity within their structures incorporate some of the following:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encouraging stair use by placing the main stairway in a convenient location for everyday use as well as signage encouraging the use of stairs over elevators. Stairs should also be designed to be visually pleasing and inviting with ample daylight or electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Incorporating exercise facilities in easily visible locations as well as providing locker rooms, showers, drinking fountains, and bicycle storage.</li>\n<li>Designing the building exterior and envelope to contribute to a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere and including a variety of entries and canopies.</li>\n<li>Improving the access and availability of healthy food by providing on-site gardens on rooftops, in courtyards or on patio spaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden to address community health with an action plan that includes adopting a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a key factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are important sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences.  <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Aces Connection. Resilient Communities are Healthy Communities. <a href=\"https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities\">https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity.  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program <a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a> (accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity <a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a> (accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Leadership for Healthy Communities. <a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living. <a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a> (accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.” <a href=\"http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a> (accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Waters, Hugh and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight. <a href=\"https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities. <a href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Work Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.activelivingresearch.org/\">Active Living Research</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/Vid_ActiveLiving.html\">American Society of Landscape Architects – Designing for Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org\">Center for Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://chnj.njpn.org/focus-areas/active-living-and-healthy-eating/\">Coalition for a Healthy New Jersey – Active Living &amp; Healthy Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://46u0j30o449zq8181dfurbcj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/FitCity10_Report_101615_SinglePg_Final_299.pdf\">FitCity10 – Promoting Physical Activity through Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://healthyplacesbydesign.org\">Healthy Places by Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bikewalk.org/pdfs/2010/IPA_full.pdf\">Increasing Physical Activity Through Community Design: A Guide for Public Health Practitioners and Livable Community Advocates</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.asla.org/contentdetail.aspx?id=23888\">Livable Communities Resource Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njbikeped.org/complete-streets-2/\">NJ Bicycle and Pedestrian Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.njhcn.org\">NJ Healthy Community Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/active-design.page&lt;/a\">New York City Department of Design and Construction – Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/hnj2020/\">State of NJ Department of Health – Healthy New Jersey 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=37&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=7e527b7b529d8e87b7cae5ad2c9a5b74\">Sustainable Jersey – Building Healthier Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">US Department of Health and Human Services – Active Living</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1565-revision-v1','','','2022-04-14 13:53:27','2022-04-14 13:53:27','',1565,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1569',0,'revision','',0),(1570,2,'2022-04-14 13:53:30','2022-04-14 13:53:30','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Active Living?</h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption]\n<h2>How to Implement Active Living</h2>\n<p>Design strategies that contribute to active living should be considered early in project development and an integrated design process will optimize opportunities and help minimize costs.  Equitable planning is key as “healthy” communities are often limited to those who can afford them. Communities of color and immigrant populations are increasingly occupying suburbs that often have limited safe and accessible walking and biking options.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States face health disparities including higher rates of chronic disease.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>  The NJ Department of Health’s State Health Assessment Data (<a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/health/shad\">NJSHAD</a>) provides searchable data about the health of the population in NJ that can help inform decision-making. Key recommended measures for implementing active living in developing a site include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Develop mixed land use in neighborhoods and maintain existing mixed conditions.</li>\n<li>Incorporate pedestrian-friendly design including traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Create continuous bike networks and incorporate bicycle infrastructure including indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>Ensure a pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists by including, pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Provide easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Design public spaces to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Improve access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Improve the access and availability of healthy food by providing easy access to local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>De-emphasize motor vehicle parking, avoid expansive parking lots, and locate necessary parking in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into building design. Steps that architects can take to promote physical activity within their structures incorporate some of the following:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encouraging stair use by placing the main stairway in a convenient location for everyday use as well as signage encouraging the use of stairs over elevators. Stairs should also be designed to be visually pleasing and inviting with ample daylight or electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Incorporating exercise facilities in easily visible locations as well as providing locker rooms, showers, drinking fountains, and bicycle storage.</li>\n<li>Designing the building exterior and envelope to contribute to a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere and including a variety of entries and canopies.</li>\n<li>Improving the access and availability of healthy food by providing on-site gardens on rooftops, in courtyards or on patio spaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden to address community health with an action plan that includes adopting a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a key factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are important sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences.  <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Aces Connection. Resilient Communities are Healthy Communities. <a href=\"https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities\">https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity.  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program <a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a> (accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity <a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a> (accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Leadership for Healthy Communities. <a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living. <a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a> (accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.” <a href=\"http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a> (accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Waters, Hugh and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight. <a href=\"https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities. <a href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Work Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.activelivingresearch.org/\">Active Living Research</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/Vid_ActiveLiving.html\">American Society of Landscape Architects – Designing for Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org\">Center for Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://chnj.njpn.org/focus-areas/active-living-and-healthy-eating/\">Coalition for a Healthy New Jersey – Active Living &amp; Healthy Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://46u0j30o449zq8181dfurbcj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/FitCity10_Report_101615_SinglePg_Final_299.pdf\">FitCity10 – Promoting Physical Activity through Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://healthyplacesbydesign.org\">Healthy Places by Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bikewalk.org/pdfs/2010/IPA_full.pdf\">Increasing Physical Activity Through Community Design: A Guide for Public Health Practitioners and Livable Community Advocates</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.asla.org/contentdetail.aspx?id=23888\">Livable Communities Resource Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njbikeped.org/complete-streets-2/\">NJ Bicycle and Pedestrian Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.njhcn.org\">NJ Healthy Community Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/active-design.page&lt;/a\">New York City Department of Design and Construction – Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/hnj2020/\">State of NJ Department of Health – Healthy New Jersey 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=37&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=7e527b7b529d8e87b7cae5ad2c9a5b74\">Sustainable Jersey – Building Healthier Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">US Department of Health and Human Services – Active Living</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Active Living','','inherit','closed','closed','','1565-revision-v1','','','2022-04-14 13:53:30','2022-04-14 13:53:30','',1565,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1570',0,'revision','',0),(1571,2,'2022-04-14 14:37:28','2022-04-14 14:37:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Biophilic Design\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Biophilic Design?</strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design is related to the concept of biophilia, a term popularized by biologist E.O. Wilson, that suggests connections with the natural world enhance human physical and mental well-being. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> The biophilia hypothesis indicates that people have a biological affinity for nature, based on such an affinity’s evolutionary advantage. An affinity for the natural world can be broken down into nine categories representing different values and expressions of biophilia, including the natural world as a source of material utilization and exploitation, physical beauty and appeal, empirical</p>\n<p>knowledge and understanding, communication and thought, exploration and discovery, bonding and companionship, mastery and control, moral and spiritual connection, and fear and repression.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Biophilic design, which incorporates connections to natural systems and materials into the built environment, creates an opportunity for exercising and strengthening biophilic values, which in turn, opens the door to physical, intellectual, and emotional benefits.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_571\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"468\"]<img class=\"wp-image-571 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biophilic-Design-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- A cathedral has many biophilic elements in the way in which it manipulates light and space and air, and material and shape and form, and color (Source: http://www.stanford.edu/~dorris/photos/ely3.jpg).\" width=\"468\" height=\"670\" /> Figure 1- A cathedral has many biophilic elements in the way in which it manipulates light and space and air, and material and shape and form, and color (Source: http://www.stanford.edu/~dorris/photos/ely3.jpg).[/caption]<p>Key Elements of Biophilic Design<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Environmental features</li>\n<li>Natural shapes and forms</li>\n<li>Natural patterns and processes</li>\n<li>Daylight and open space</li>\n<li>Place-based relationships</li>\n<li>Evolved human-nature relationships</li>\n</ul>\n<p>These biophilic design attributes are defined further in the book,<em> “Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life</em>” by Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Biophilic Design</strong></h2>\n<p>Specify biophilic design goals early in the design process and engage the entire project team. Biophilic design involves the use of local, natural materials, potted plants, courtyard gardens, views to nature, natural light and ventilation, water features, animals and aquariums, and blurring the boundaries between the building and the surrounding landscape (see <em>Views and Operable Windows, Native and Adapted Plants, Daylighting, Natural Ventilation</em>).</p>\n<p>Studies show that fractal patterns found in nature and natural patterns such as “waves, leaves in a breeze, fish swimming in an aquarium, or a flickering fire,” captivate people’s attention and induce states of relaxation far better than spaces and views without “visual richness” such as blank, white walls or tree-less streets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Look to incorporate patterns found in nature through representational artwork, ornamentation, biomorphic forms and use of natural materials such as wood and stone.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.aiatopten.org/node/127\">Sunlight and Water, Queens Botanical </a><a href=\"http://www.aiatopten.org/node/127\">Garden (QBG) Visitor Center, Flushing, NY</a></p>\n<p>The QBG Visitor Center illustrates biophilic design with the windows in the first-floor corridor, which capture the sun reflecting off the rainwater harvest feature that runs along the exterior of the building. Depending on the time of day and amount of sunlight, an occupant of the building can see patterns of sunlight reflected on the interior walls and ceiling. The interplay between sun and water connects people inside to the changes in the outdoor environment throughout the day.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_596\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"500\"]<img class=\"wp-image-596 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biophilic-Design-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – QBG Rainwater harvest feature (Source: Jeff Goldberg, Esto)\" width=\"500\" height=\"360\" /> Figure 2 – QBG Rainwater harvest feature (Source: Jeff Goldberg, Esto)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Many studies document the benefits of a connection to nature in the built environment. For example, studies point to positive gains in workplace productivity through increased mental focus and attention, enhanced cognitive functioning, reduced stress levels, greater worker satisfaction, elevated moods, and less sick days; views to nature result in shorter recovery rates in hospitals, and daylighting increases sales in retail buildings and improves test scores and accelerates learning rates in schools.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> For example, pain medication was requested 23 percent less with patients in hospital rooms with morning sunshine compared to rooms lacking natural light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Another study showed that students with access to natural light from operable skylights improved 19-20% faster than students in classrooms without a skylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Recent studies that quantify the benefits of biophilic design elements in the built environment help advance biophilic design from an add-on to an integrated design strategy and profitable pursuit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> One peer-reviewed study by Terrapin Bright Green, LLC (see <em>Resources</em>) measures and quantifies the cost-benefits of biophilic design on the following indicators of productivity:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Illness and absenteeism</li>\n<li>Staff retention</li>\n<li>Job performance (mental stress/fatigue)</li>\n<li>Healing rates</li>\n<li>Classroom learning rates</li>\n<li>Retail sales</li>\n<li>Violence statistics</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design can lead to a deeper connection to nature, which in turn, can foster an environmental ethic that supports ecological resilience by protecting the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area and enhancing the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance. Common biophilic design features such as daylighting provide resiliency benefits by maintaining lighting levels for critical functions when the grid goes down due to environmental or other issues. The use of local materials supports local knowledge and resources for maintaining and rebuilding after storms. Natural materials such as stone provide strength and durability and also help in maintaining thermal comfort during power outages (see <em>Thermal Mass</em>). Biophilic design connects buildings to nature and links building systems to complex, natural systems that can adapt to changing conditions – a cornerstone of resiliency. Some of our most historic and beloved buildings incorporate biophilic design elements, supporting the notion that people and communities look to maintain and protect beautiful, timeless and inspiring buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> International Living Building Institute. Biophilic Design Initiative. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211223204535/https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic design-overview/</a> (accessed January 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Kellert, Stephen. “Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development.” Island Press, Shearwater Books. Washington, D.C. 1997. Page 3.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211223204535/https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed September 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Sole-Smith, Virginia. “Nature on the Threshold.” <em>New York Times</em>, September 7, 2006, Home and Garden section. <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Heschong, Lisa. <em>Daylighting in Schools</em>. California Board for Energy Efficiency. 1999. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20111220211747/http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf\">http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Wilson, Alex. <em>Biophilia in Practice: Buildings that Connect People with Nature. </em>Building Green, July 2006. <a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature</a></p>\n<p>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness. <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed January 4 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Mass</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.biophilicdesign.net\">Biophilic Design – The Architecture of Life</a>\n<ul>\n<li>Heerwagen, Judith, Kellert, Stephen, Mador, Martin. <em>Biophilic Design: Theory, Research, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life.</em> John Wiley.</li>\n<li>Kellert, Steven. 2005. <em>Buildings for Life – </em><em>Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection. </em>Island Press.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/580/biophilic-design\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211223204535/https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">Terrapin Bright Green LLC – The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature makes economic sense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psychspace_value.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Psychosocial Value of Space</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Biophilic Design','','publish','closed','closed','','nc-biophilic-design','','','2022-06-23 18:47:34','2022-06-23 18:47:34','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1571',0,'post','',0),(1572,2,'2022-04-14 13:53:41','2022-04-14 13:53:41','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1571-revision-v1','','','2022-04-14 13:53:41','2022-04-14 13:53:41','',1571,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1572',0,'revision','',0),(1574,2,'2022-04-14 14:37:28','2022-04-14 14:37:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Biophilic Design\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Biophilic Design?</strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design is related to the concept of biophilia, a term popularized by biologist E.O. Wilson, that suggests connections with the natural world enhance human physical and mental well-being. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> The biophilia hypothesis indicates that people have a biological affinity for nature, based on such an affinity’s evolutionary advantage. An affinity for the natural world can be broken down into nine categories representing different values and expressions of biophilia, including the natural world as a source of material utilization and exploitation, physical beauty and appeal, empirical</p>\n<p>knowledge and understanding, communication and thought, exploration and discovery, bonding and companionship, mastery and control, moral and spiritual connection, and fear and repression.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Biophilic design, which incorporates connections to natural systems and materials into the built environment, creates an opportunity for exercising and strengthening biophilic values, which in turn, opens the door to physical, intellectual, and emotional benefits.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_571\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"468\"]<img class=\"wp-image-571 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biophilic-Design-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- A cathedral has many biophilic elements in the way in which it manipulates light and space and air, and material and shape and form, and color (Source: http://www.stanford.edu/~dorris/photos/ely3.jpg).\" width=\"468\" height=\"670\" /> Figure 1- A cathedral has many biophilic elements in the way in which it manipulates light and space and air, and material and shape and form, and color (Source: http://www.stanford.edu/~dorris/photos/ely3.jpg).[/caption]<p>Key Elements of Biophilic Design<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Environmental features</li>\n<li>Natural shapes and forms</li>\n<li>Natural patterns and processes</li>\n<li>Daylight and open space</li>\n<li>Place-based relationships</li>\n<li>Evolved human-nature relationships</li>\n</ul>\n<p>These biophilic design attributes are defined further in the book,<em> “Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life</em>” by Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Biophilic Design</strong></h2>\n<p>Specify biophilic design goals early in the design process and engage the entire project team. Biophilic design involves the use of local, natural materials, potted plants, courtyard gardens, views to nature, natural light and ventilation, water features, animals and aquariums, and blurring the boundaries between the building and the surrounding landscape (see <em>Views and Operable Windows, Native and Adapted Plants, Daylighting, Natural Ventilation</em>).</p>\n<p>Studies show that fractal patterns found in nature and natural patterns such as “waves, leaves in a breeze, fish swimming in an aquarium, or a flickering fire,” captivate people’s attention and induce states of relaxation far better than spaces and views without “visual richness” such as blank, white walls or tree-less streets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Look to incorporate patterns found in nature through representational artwork, ornamentation, biomorphic forms and use of natural materials such as wood and stone.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.aiatopten.org/node/127\">Sunlight and Water, Queens Botanical </a><a href=\"http://www.aiatopten.org/node/127\">Garden (QBG) Visitor Center, Flushing, NY</a></p>\n<p>The QBG Visitor Center illustrates biophilic design with the windows in the first-floor corridor, which capture the sun reflecting off the rainwater harvest feature that runs along the exterior of the building. Depending on the time of day and amount of sunlight, an occupant of the building can see patterns of sunlight reflected on the interior walls and ceiling. The interplay between sun and water connects people inside to the changes in the outdoor environment throughout the day.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_596\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"500\"]<img class=\"wp-image-596 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biophilic-Design-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – QBG Rainwater harvest feature (Source: Jeff Goldberg, Esto)\" width=\"500\" height=\"360\" /> Figure 2 – QBG Rainwater harvest feature (Source: Jeff Goldberg, Esto)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Many studies document the benefits of a connection to nature in the built environment. For example, studies point to positive gains in workplace productivity through increased mental focus and attention, enhanced cognitive functioning, reduced stress levels, greater worker satisfaction, elevated moods, and less sick days; views to nature result in shorter recovery rates in hospitals, and daylighting increases sales in retail buildings and improves test scores and accelerates learning rates in schools.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> For example, pain medication was requested 23 percent less with patients in hospital rooms with morning sunshine compared to rooms lacking natural light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Another study showed that students with access to natural light from operable skylights improved 19-20% faster than students in classrooms without a skylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Recent studies that quantify the benefits of biophilic design elements in the built environment help advance biophilic design from an add-on to an integrated design strategy and profitable pursuit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> One peer-reviewed study by Terrapin Bright Green, LLC (see <em>Resources</em>) measures and quantifies the cost-benefits of biophilic design on the following indicators of productivity:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Illness and absenteeism</li>\n<li>Staff retention</li>\n<li>Job performance (mental stress/fatigue)</li>\n<li>Healing rates</li>\n<li>Classroom learning rates</li>\n<li>Retail sales</li>\n<li>Violence statistics</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design can lead to a deeper connection to nature, which in turn, can foster an environmental ethic that supports ecological resilience by protecting the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area and enhancing the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance. Common biophilic design features such as daylighting provide resiliency benefits by maintaining lighting levels for critical functions when the grid goes down due to environmental or other issues. The use of local materials supports local knowledge and resources for maintaining and rebuilding after storms. Natural materials such as stone provide strength and durability and also help in maintaining thermal comfort during power outages (see <em>Thermal Mass</em>). Biophilic design connects buildings to nature and links building systems to complex, natural systems that can adapt to changing conditions – a cornerstone of resiliency. Some of our most historic and beloved buildings incorporate biophilic design elements, supporting the notion that people and communities look to maintain and protect beautiful, timeless and inspiring buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> International Living Building Institute. Biophilic Design Initiative. <a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic design-overview/</a> (accessed January 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Kellert, Stephen. “Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development.” Island Press, Shearwater Books. Washington, D.C. 1997. Page 3.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative. <a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed September 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Sole-Smith, Virginia. “Nature on the Threshold.” <em>New York Times</em>, September 7, 2006, Home and Garden section. <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Heschong, Lisa. <em>Daylighting in Schools</em>. California Board for Energy Efficiency. 1999. <a href=\"http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf\">http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Wilson, Alex. <em>Biophilia in Practice: Buildings that Connect People with Nature. </em>Building Green, July 2006. <a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature</a></p>\n<p>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness. <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed January 4 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Mass</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.biophilicdesign.net\">Biophilic Design – The Architecture of Life</a>\n<ul>\n<li>Heerwagen, Judith, Kellert, Stephen, Mador, Martin. <em>Biophilic Design: Theory, Research, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life.</em> John Wiley.</li>\n<li>Kellert, Steven. 2005. <em>Buildings for Life – </em><em>Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection. </em>Island Press.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/580/biophilic-design\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">Terrapin Bright Green LLC – The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature makes economic sense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psychspace_value.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Psychosocial Value of Space</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Biophilic Design','','inherit','closed','closed','','1571-revision-v1','','','2022-04-14 14:37:28','2022-04-14 14:37:28','',1571,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1574',0,'revision','',0),