(1397,3,'2022-04-04 19:23:35','2022-04-04 19:23:35','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Sustainable Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>,<span> </span><em>Demolition</em>, and<span> </span><em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a><span> </span>has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scsglobalservices/com/services\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a><span> </span>are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a><span> </span>is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability</u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"510\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"510\" height=\"390\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C<sup>Ò</sup>) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitatbergen.org/past-projects\">Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County – Bergenfield Energy Star-certified Home</a></p>\n<p>This Habitat for Humanity project earned Energy Star certification and included sustainable design elements such as insulation made from recycled denim and energy efficient systems.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_579\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"340\"]<img class=\"wp-image-579 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)\" width=\"340\" height=\"340\" /> Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <a href=\"http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design phase, specify certified wood instead of conventional wood whenever possible, including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 5) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"372\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"372\" height=\"396\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\"><sup>[30]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\">[32]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for residents who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\"><sup>[37]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\">[38]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cal Recycle. Matrix: Overview of Recycled Content and Availability. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> The Cradle to Cradle<sup>Ò</sup> program certifies products that meet multi-attribute criteria for: human and environmental health; Recyclability/compostability; renewable energy use; water stewardship social responsibility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Forest Stewardship Council. <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us\">https://us.fsc.org/en-us</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> USGBC. LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed February 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]</a> GreenBiz. Durability: A Key Component of Green Building. <a href=\"https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building\">https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials.  <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. How to Buy Good Wood. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Economic Benefits of Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]</a> CalRecycle. Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling. February 2018. <a href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/\">http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/</a> (accessed July 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/\">Flexible Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://give.org/\">BBB Wise Giving Alliance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bigreuse.org/\">Big Reuse (Brooklyn)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Materials/\">CalRecycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Recycling Association (CDRA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle-to-Cradle Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/resource-center\">Forest Certification Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/what-is-fsc\">Forest Stewardship Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.greenseal.org/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/buy-green-products-services-and-vehicles/buy-green-products\">GSA Buy Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/43/materials-resources\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Materials and Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/restores?place=us\">Habitat for Humanity Restores</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/sustainable-engineered-materials\">NIST Engineering Laboratory- Sustainable Engineered Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/sdtguide.html\">NJ DEP Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/resource_page.htm\">NJ DEP – Recycled Product Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://planetreuse.com/\">Planet Reuse (2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification – Find Certified Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=5110\">RELi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">The Carpet and Rug Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">US EPA – Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-basics\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management Basics</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">USGBC. LEED BD+C- New Construction. LEEDv4. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide – Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/materials\">Whole Building Design Guide – Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_preferable_products.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Optimize Building Space and Material Use</a></li>\n<li></li>\n<li></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1394-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:23:35','2022-04-04 19:23:35','',1394,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1397',0,'revision','',0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (1398,3,'2022-04-04 19:23:39','2022-04-04 19:23:39','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Sustainable Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>,<span> </span><em>Demolition</em>, and<span> </span><em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a><span> </span>has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scsglobalservices/com/services\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a><span> </span>are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a><span> </span>is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability</u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"510\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"510\" height=\"390\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C<sup>Ò</sup>) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitatbergen.org/past-projects\">Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County – Bergenfield Energy Star-certified Home</a></p>\n<p>This Habitat for Humanity project earned Energy Star certification and included sustainable design elements such as insulation made from recycled denim and energy efficient systems.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_579\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"340\"]<img class=\"wp-image-579 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)\" width=\"340\" height=\"340\" /> Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <a href=\"http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design phase, specify certified wood instead of conventional wood whenever possible, including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 5) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"372\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"372\" height=\"396\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\"><sup>[30]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\">[32]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for residents who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\"><sup>[37]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\">[38]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cal Recycle. Matrix: Overview of Recycled Content and Availability. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> The Cradle to Cradle<sup>Ò</sup> program certifies products that meet multi-attribute criteria for: human and environmental health; Recyclability/compostability; renewable energy use; water stewardship social responsibility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Forest Stewardship Council. <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us\">https://us.fsc.org/en-us</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> USGBC. LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed February 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]</a> GreenBiz. Durability: A Key Component of Green Building. <a href=\"https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building\">https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials.  <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. How to Buy Good Wood. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Economic Benefits of Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]</a> CalRecycle. Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling. February 2018. <a href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/\">http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/</a> (accessed July 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/\">Flexible Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://give.org/\">BBB Wise Giving Alliance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bigreuse.org/\">Big Reuse (Brooklyn)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Materials/\">CalRecycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Recycling Association (CDRA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle-to-Cradle Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/resource-center\">Forest Certification Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/what-is-fsc\">Forest Stewardship Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.greenseal.org/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/buy-green-products-services-and-vehicles/buy-green-products\">GSA Buy Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/43/materials-resources\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Materials and Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/restores?place=us\">Habitat for Humanity Restores</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/sustainable-engineered-materials\">NIST Engineering Laboratory- Sustainable Engineered Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/sdtguide.html\">NJ DEP Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/resource_page.htm\">NJ DEP – Recycled Product Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://planetreuse.com/\">Planet Reuse (2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification – Find Certified Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=5110\">RELi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">The Carpet and Rug Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">US EPA – Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-basics\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management Basics</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">USGBC. LEED BD+C- New Construction. LEEDv4. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide – Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/materials\">Whole Building Design Guide – Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_preferable_products.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Optimize Building Space and Material Use</a></li>\n<li></li>\n<li></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Sustainable Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1394-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:23:39','2022-04-04 19:23:39','',1394,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1398',0,'revision','',0),(1399,3,'2022-04-04 19:25:16','2022-04-04 19:25:16','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"New Residential Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green homes with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing homes. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>The Residential Buildings section includes strategies for new single-family homes. Many of the strategies also pertain to existing single-family homes and support energy-efficient and green home improvement projects that provide resiliency benefits. Whether building a new home or upgrading old systems, new and existing homeowners have the opportunity to select ENERGY STAR equipment, including high-efficiency water heaters, and HVAC equipment. Likewise, all homeowners can incorporate grid back-up capabilities (based on individualized risk factors and site opportunities) and consider storm preparation and planning for disruptive events.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-building-information-modeling-bim/\">Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-composting/\">Composting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-brownfield-and-infill-sites/\">Brownfield and Infill Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-site-protection-plan/\">Site Protection Plan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><strong>Envelope</strong><span></span></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Massing</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Mechanicals and Equipment</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-part-load-efficiency/\">Part-Load Efficiency</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Energy Supply</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-geothermal-heat-pumps/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-green-power/\">Green Power</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Wind Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic Systems (PV)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-geothermal/\">Solar Thermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Re-use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/\">Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-flexible-spaces/\">Flexible Workspaces</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-Toxic Materials</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"5\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','New Residential','','inherit','closed','closed','','1003-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:25:16','2022-04-04 19:25:16','',1003,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1399',0,'revision','',0),(1400,3,'2022-04-04 19:29:26','2022-04-04 19:29:26','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Reduction\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Construction and Demolition Waste?</strong></h2>\n<p>Construction and demolition (C&amp;D) waste consists of the debris generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings. C&amp;D waste often contains bulky, heavy materials, such as concrete, wood, metals, glass, and salvaged building components.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Demolition accounts for more than 90% of C&amp;D waste and construction represents less than 10%<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>; therefore, the concept of deconstruction is also important to consider. Deconstruction is the practice of disassembling a building in order to salvage materials (joists, flooring, siding, fixtures, etc.) that can be reused for new construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life of the material and requires less energy and raw materials and produces less pollution than discarding or even recycling materials.</p>\n<p>The disposal of construction and demolition waste contributes to environmental concerns including wasted materials and embodied energy, greenhouse gas generation, and other environmental impacts associated with producing new materials instead of using existing materials. In addition, the number of C&amp;D landfills is declining, which means fewer disposal options, greater hauling distances, and increased fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Many construction and demolition waste materials can be reused on-site or elsewhere, or recycled (see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>,<span> </span><em>Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Some materials may be toxic or classified as hazardous waste and require special handling and disposal.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_86\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"556\"]<img class=\"wp-image-86 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NR-CD-Waste-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"556\" height=\"742\" /> Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing to prevent waste is an important first step in C&amp;D waste management. This can be accomplished by using standard sizes, advanced framing techniques, prefabrication, on-site protection of materials, and by return unused materials to suppliers, among other strategies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>A plan should be made and communicated clearly to the construction team specifying which items can be reused and which will be recycled.</p>\n<p>Important considerations for construction and demolition waste reduction include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Design to prevent waste</li>\n<li>Know the waste stream (what materials will be generated during the project, including hazardous materials)</li>\n<li>Become familiar with local ordinances and regulations</li>\n<li>Use specifications to set recycling goals, delineate responsibilities, etc.</li>\n<li>Require a construction waste management plan</li>\n<li>Educate project team about construction &amp; demolition waste recycling goals</li>\n<li>Monitor waste management performance</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Materials can be recycled onsite or offsite at a construction and demolition processor. Typical materials recycled from building sites include metal, lumber, asphalt, pavement, concrete, roofing material, corrugated cardboard and wallboard.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>There are many recycling centers in New Jersey for the scrap metal and corrugated cardboard generated by construction and demolition activities. Concrete, concrete block, asphalt, and brick are typically crushed and used as a substitute for quarry stone in road construction projects or used as a fill material in various applications. Crushed brick is often used as a decorative landscaping material and non-chemically treated and non-painted wood scrap, as well as tree stumps and tree trunks, are shredded and sold as landscaping mulch.</p>\n<p>Planning is also essential for a successful deconstruction project. There are many steps to consider with deconstruction such as creating safety and materials management plans, surveying and taking inventory of the building materials, environmental health and compliance, and coordinating with historic preservation designations.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.curbed.com/2015/10/7/9914062/frank-lloyd-wright-house-is-rebuilt-anew-piece-by-piece-in-arkansas\">The Deconstruction and Relocation of a Frank Lloyd Wright Designed Home, Millstone, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>Over 60 years ago, Frank Lloyd Wright designed a home built in Millstone, New Jersey. The careful deconstruction of the house began in 2014 followed by its reconstruction on the campus of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Benefits of reducing and recycling construction and demolition waste:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></sup></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves landfill space</li>\n<li>Reduces the release of methane (a potent greenhouse gas) from landfills</li>\n<li>Reduces the environmental impact of producing new materials</li>\n<li>Conserves natural resources</li>\n<li>Reduces overall project expenses through avoided purchase/disposal costs</li>\n<li>Creates jobs</li>\n<li>Deconstruction preserves architectural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>EPA’s Recycling Economic Information (REI) report indicates that recycling and reuse of materials creates jobs and generates local and state tax revenues. Out of the recycling categories, construction and demolition materials recycling contributed the most in the areas considered: jobs, wage and tax revenue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost savings associated with construction and demolition waste reduction can be realized through avoided cost of disposal, potential revenue from the sale of recycled materials, and reductions in the need for waste disposal services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Disposal fees are an expensive part of demolition.</p>\n<p>Depending on the building, deconstruction can salvage a large amount of material from a building that will lead to savings on avoided disposal fees. Deconstruction typically requires more time and labor than traditional demolition but also provides more jobs and is a good opportunity for job training in the construction trades. The feasibility and cost-effectiveness of deconstruction is different for every building depending on how the building was constructed and what building materials were used. Deconstruction can be used in most wood-frame and some metal-frame buildings. The building components, their condition, and the way they are secured to the structure can affect the cost effectiveness of salvaging materials. Deconstruction requires more labor for disassembly, removal, and sorting than conventional demolition. These costs can be balanced out with careful planning and accounting for the value of the salvaged building materials and avoided cost of disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Construction and Demolition Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>BMRA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://bmra.org/\">https://bmra.org/</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Northeast Recycling Council.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>CalRecycle. C&amp;D Recycling Toolkit for Contractors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recover your Resources.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210320011226/https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition\">https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>NYC DDC.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recycling Economic Information report.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Seattle.gov. Salvage and Deconstruction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/\">http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenhomenyc.org/building/build-it-green-nyc/\">Build it Green! NYC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction – Construction and Demolition Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction and Demolition Recycling Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.habitat.org/cd/env/restore_detail.aspx?place=67\">Habitat for Humanity Restore Directory – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.morrishabitat.org/programs/deconstruction\">Morris Habitat for Humanity – Deconstruction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">NJ DEP – The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us./dep/dshw/\">NJ DEP Solid &amp; Hazardous Waste Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">Northeast Recycling Council – Moving Toward Zero Waste &amp; Cost Savings – A Roadmap for Builders and Contractors for Construction &amp; Demolition Projects</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/reuse.htm\">US EPA: Deconstruction and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/tools/cwm.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Construction Waste Management Database</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.zerowastedesign.org/\">Zero Waste Design Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Reduction','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction','','','2022-06-23 19:04:34','2022-06-23 19:04:34','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1400',0,'post','',0),(1402,3,'2022-04-04 19:29:26','2022-04-04 19:29:26','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Construction and Demolition Waste\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Construction and Demolition Waste?</strong></h2>\n<p>Construction and demolition (C&amp;D) waste consists of the debris generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings. C&amp;D waste often contains bulky, heavy materials, such as concrete, wood, metals, glass, and salvaged building components.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Demolition accounts for more than 90% of C&amp;D waste and construction represents less than 10%<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>; therefore, the concept of deconstruction is also important to consider. Deconstruction is the practice of disassembling a building in order to salvage materials (joists, flooring, siding, fixtures, etc.) that can be reused for new construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life of the material and requires less energy and raw materials and produces less pollution than discarding or even recycling materials.</p>\n<p>The disposal of construction and demolition waste contributes to environmental concerns including wasted materials and embodied energy, greenhouse gas generation, and other environmental impacts associated with producing new materials instead of using existing materials. In addition, the number of C&amp;D landfills is declining, which means fewer disposal options, greater hauling distances, and increased fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Many construction and demolition waste materials can be reused on-site or elsewhere, or recycled (see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>,<span> </span><em>Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Some materials may be toxic or classified as hazardous waste and require special handling and disposal.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_86\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"556\"]<img class=\"wp-image-86 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NR-CD-Waste-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"556\" height=\"742\" /> Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing to prevent waste is an important first step in C&amp;D waste management. This can be accomplished by using standard sizes, advanced framing techniques, prefabrication, on-site protection of materials, and by return unused materials to suppliers, among other strategies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>A plan should be made and communicated clearly to the construction team specifying which items can be reused and which will be recycled.</p>\n<p>Important considerations for construction and demolition waste reduction include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Design to prevent waste</li>\n<li>Know the waste stream (what materials will be generated during the project, including hazardous materials)</li>\n<li>Become familiar with local ordinances and regulations</li>\n<li>Use specifications to set recycling goals, delineate responsibilities, etc.</li>\n<li>Require a construction waste management plan</li>\n<li>Educate project team about construction &amp; demolition waste recycling goals</li>\n<li>Monitor waste management performance</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Materials can be recycled onsite or offsite at a construction and demolition processor. Typical materials recycled from building sites include metal, lumber, asphalt, pavement, concrete, roofing material, corrugated cardboard and wallboard.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>There are many recycling centers in New Jersey for the scrap metal and corrugated cardboard generated by construction and demolition activities. Concrete, concrete block, asphalt, and brick are typically crushed and used as a substitute for quarry stone in road construction projects or used as a fill material in various applications. Crushed brick is often used as a decorative landscaping material and non-chemically treated and non-painted wood scrap, as well as tree stumps and tree trunks, are shredded and sold as landscaping mulch.</p>\n<p>Planning is also essential for a successful deconstruction project. There are many steps to consider with deconstruction such as creating safety and materials management plans, surveying and taking inventory of the building materials, environmental health and compliance, and coordinating with historic preservation designations.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.curbed.com/2015/10/7/9914062/frank-lloyd-wright-house-is-rebuilt-anew-piece-by-piece-in-arkansas\">The Deconstruction and Relocation of a Frank Lloyd Wright Designed Home, Millstone, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>Over 60 years ago, Frank Lloyd Wright designed a home built in Millstone, New Jersey. The careful deconstruction of the house began in 2014 followed by its reconstruction on the campus of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Benefits of reducing and recycling construction and demolition waste:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></sup></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves landfill space</li>\n<li>Reduces the release of methane (a potent greenhouse gas) from landfills</li>\n<li>Reduces the environmental impact of producing new materials</li>\n<li>Conserves natural resources</li>\n<li>Reduces overall project expenses through avoided purchase/disposal costs</li>\n<li>Creates jobs</li>\n<li>Deconstruction preserves architectural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>EPA’s Recycling Economic Information (REI) report indicates that recycling and reuse of materials creates jobs and generates local and state tax revenues. Out of the recycling categories, construction and demolition materials recycling contributed the most in the areas considered: jobs, wage and tax revenue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost savings associated with construction and demolition waste reduction can be realized through avoided cost of disposal, potential revenue from the sale of recycled materials, and reductions in the need for waste disposal services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Disposal fees are an expensive part of demolition.</p>\n<p>Depending on the building, deconstruction can salvage a large amount of material from a building that will lead to savings on avoided disposal fees. Deconstruction typically requires more time and labor than traditional demolition but also provides more jobs and is a good opportunity for job training in the construction trades. The feasibility and cost-effectiveness of deconstruction is different for every building depending on how the building was constructed and what building materials were used. Deconstruction can be used in most wood-frame and some metal-frame buildings. The building components, their condition, and the way they are secured to the structure can affect the cost effectiveness of salvaging materials. Deconstruction requires more labor for disassembly, removal, and sorting than conventional demolition. These costs can be balanced out with careful planning and accounting for the value of the salvaged building materials and avoided cost of disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Construction and Demolition Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>BMRA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://bmra.org/\">https://bmra.org/</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Northeast Recycling Council.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>CalRecycle. C&amp;D Recycling Toolkit for Contractors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recover your Resources.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition\">https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>NYC DDC.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recycling Economic Information report.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Seattle.gov. Salvage and Deconstruction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/\">http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenhomenyc.org/building/build-it-green-nyc/\">Build it Green! NYC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction – Construction and Demolition Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction and Demolition Recycling Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.habitat.org/cd/env/restore_detail.aspx?place=67\">Habitat for Humanity Restore Directory – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.morrishabitat.org/programs/deconstruction\">Morris Habitat for Humanity – Deconstruction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">NJ DEP – The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us./dep/dshw/\">NJ DEP Solid &amp; Hazardous Waste Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">Northeast Recycling Council – Moving Toward Zero Waste &amp; Cost Savings – A Roadmap for Builders and Contractors for Construction &amp; Demolition Projects</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/reuse.htm\">US EPA: Deconstruction and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/tools/cwm.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Construction Waste Management Database</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.zerowastedesign.org/\">Zero Waste Design Guidelines</a></li>\n<li></li>\n<li></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Construction and Demolition Waste','','inherit','closed','closed','','1400-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:29:26','2022-04-04 19:29:26','',1400,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1402',0,'revision','',0),(1403,3,'2022-04-04 19:29:26','2022-04-04 19:29:26','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Construction and Demolition Waste\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Construction and Demolition Waste?</strong></h2>\n<p>Construction and demolition (C&amp;D) waste consists of the debris generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings. C&amp;D waste often contains bulky, heavy materials, such as concrete, wood, metals, glass, and salvaged building components.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Demolition accounts for more than 90% of C&amp;D waste and construction represents less than 10%<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>; therefore, the concept of deconstruction is also important to consider. Deconstruction is the practice of disassembling a building in order to salvage materials (joists, flooring, siding, fixtures, etc.) that can be reused for new construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life of the material and requires less energy and raw materials and produces less pollution than discarding or even recycling materials.</p>\n<p>The disposal of construction and demolition waste contributes to environmental concerns including wasted materials and embodied energy, greenhouse gas generation, and other environmental impacts associated with producing new materials instead of using existing materials. In addition, the number of C&amp;D landfills is declining, which means fewer disposal options, greater hauling distances, and increased fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Many construction and demolition waste materials can be reused on-site or elsewhere, or recycled (see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>,<span> </span><em>Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Some materials may be toxic or classified as hazardous waste and require special handling and disposal.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_86\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"556\"]<img class=\"wp-image-86 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NR-CD-Waste-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"556\" height=\"742\" /> Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing to prevent waste is an important first step in C&amp;D waste management. This can be accomplished by using standard sizes, advanced framing techniques, prefabrication, on-site protection of materials, and by return unused materials to suppliers, among other strategies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>A plan should be made and communicated clearly to the construction team specifying which items can be reused and which will be recycled.</p>\n<p>Important considerations for construction and demolition waste reduction include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Design to prevent waste</li>\n<li>Know the waste stream (what materials will be generated during the project, including hazardous materials)</li>\n<li>Become familiar with local ordinances and regulations</li>\n<li>Use specifications to set recycling goals, delineate responsibilities, etc.</li>\n<li>Require a construction waste management plan</li>\n<li>Educate project team about construction &amp; demolition waste recycling goals</li>\n<li>Monitor waste management performance</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Materials can be recycled onsite or offsite at a construction and demolition processor. Typical materials recycled from building sites include metal, lumber, asphalt, pavement, concrete, roofing material, corrugated cardboard and wallboard.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>There are many recycling centers in New Jersey for the scrap metal and corrugated cardboard generated by construction and demolition activities. Concrete, concrete block, asphalt, and brick are typically crushed and used as a substitute for quarry stone in road construction projects or used as a fill material in various applications. Crushed brick is often used as a decorative landscaping material and non-chemically treated and non-painted wood scrap, as well as tree stumps and tree trunks, are shredded and sold as landscaping mulch.</p>\n<p>Planning is also essential for a successful deconstruction project. There are many steps to consider with deconstruction such as creating safety and materials management plans, surveying and taking inventory of the building materials, environmental health and compliance, and coordinating with historic preservation designations.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.curbed.com/2015/10/7/9914062/frank-lloyd-wright-house-is-rebuilt-anew-piece-by-piece-in-arkansas\">The Deconstruction and Relocation of a Frank Lloyd Wright Designed Home, Millstone, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>Over 60 years ago, Frank Lloyd Wright designed a home built in Millstone, New Jersey. The careful deconstruction of the house began in 2014 followed by its reconstruction on the campus of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Benefits of reducing and recycling construction and demolition waste:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></sup></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves landfill space</li>\n<li>Reduces the release of methane (a potent greenhouse gas) from landfills</li>\n<li>Reduces the environmental impact of producing new materials</li>\n<li>Conserves natural resources</li>\n<li>Reduces overall project expenses through avoided purchase/disposal costs</li>\n<li>Creates jobs</li>\n<li>Deconstruction preserves architectural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>EPA’s Recycling Economic Information (REI) report indicates that recycling and reuse of materials creates jobs and generates local and state tax revenues. Out of the recycling categories, construction and demolition materials recycling contributed the most in the areas considered: jobs, wage and tax revenue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost savings associated with construction and demolition waste reduction can be realized through avoided cost of disposal, potential revenue from the sale of recycled materials, and reductions in the need for waste disposal services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Disposal fees are an expensive part of demolition.</p>\n<p>Depending on the building, deconstruction can salvage a large amount of material from a building that will lead to savings on avoided disposal fees. Deconstruction typically requires more time and labor than traditional demolition but also provides more jobs and is a good opportunity for job training in the construction trades. The feasibility and cost-effectiveness of deconstruction is different for every building depending on how the building was constructed and what building materials were used. Deconstruction can be used in most wood-frame and some metal-frame buildings. The building components, their condition, and the way they are secured to the structure can affect the cost effectiveness of salvaging materials. Deconstruction requires more labor for disassembly, removal, and sorting than conventional demolition. These costs can be balanced out with careful planning and accounting for the value of the salvaged building materials and avoided cost of disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Construction and Demolition Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>BMRA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://bmra.org/\">https://bmra.org/</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Northeast Recycling Council.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>CalRecycle. C&amp;D Recycling Toolkit for Contractors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recover your Resources.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition\">https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>NYC DDC.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recycling Economic Information report.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Seattle.gov. Salvage and Deconstruction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/\">http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenhomenyc.org/building/build-it-green-nyc/\">Build it Green! NYC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction – Construction and Demolition Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction and Demolition Recycling Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.habitat.org/cd/env/restore_detail.aspx?place=67\">Habitat for Humanity Restore Directory – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.morrishabitat.org/programs/deconstruction\">Morris Habitat for Humanity – Deconstruction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">NJ DEP – The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us./dep/dshw/\">NJ DEP Solid &amp; Hazardous Waste Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">Northeast Recycling Council – Moving Toward Zero Waste &amp; Cost Savings – A Roadmap for Builders and Contractors for Construction &amp; Demolition Projects</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/reuse.htm\">US EPA: Deconstruction and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/tools/cwm.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Construction Waste Management Database</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.zerowastedesign.org/\">Zero Waste Design Guidelines</a></li>\n<li></li>\n<li></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1400-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:29:26','2022-04-04 19:29:26','',1400,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1403',0,'revision','',0),(1404,3,'2022-04-04 19:29:30','2022-04-04 19:29:30','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Construction and Demolition Waste\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Construction and Demolition Waste?</strong></h2>\n<p>Construction and demolition (C&amp;D) waste consists of the debris generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings. C&amp;D waste often contains bulky, heavy materials, such as concrete, wood, metals, glass, and salvaged building components.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Demolition accounts for more than 90% of C&amp;D waste and construction represents less than 10%<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>; therefore, the concept of deconstruction is also important to consider. Deconstruction is the practice of disassembling a building in order to salvage materials (joists, flooring, siding, fixtures, etc.) that can be reused for new construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life of the material and requires less energy and raw materials and produces less pollution than discarding or even recycling materials.</p>\n<p>The disposal of construction and demolition waste contributes to environmental concerns including wasted materials and embodied energy, greenhouse gas generation, and other environmental impacts associated with producing new materials instead of using existing materials. In addition, the number of C&amp;D landfills is declining, which means fewer disposal options, greater hauling distances, and increased fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Many construction and demolition waste materials can be reused on-site or elsewhere, or recycled (see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>,<span> </span><em>Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Some materials may be toxic or classified as hazardous waste and require special handling and disposal.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_86\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"556\"]<img class=\"wp-image-86 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NR-CD-Waste-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"556\" height=\"742\" /> Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing to prevent waste is an important first step in C&amp;D waste management. This can be accomplished by using standard sizes, advanced framing techniques, prefabrication, on-site protection of materials, and by return unused materials to suppliers, among other strategies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>A plan should be made and communicated clearly to the construction team specifying which items can be reused and which will be recycled.</p>\n<p>Important considerations for construction and demolition waste reduction include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Design to prevent waste</li>\n<li>Know the waste stream (what materials will be generated during the project, including hazardous materials)</li>\n<li>Become familiar with local ordinances and regulations</li>\n<li>Use specifications to set recycling goals, delineate responsibilities, etc.</li>\n<li>Require a construction waste management plan</li>\n<li>Educate project team about construction &amp; demolition waste recycling goals</li>\n<li>Monitor waste management performance</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Materials can be recycled onsite or offsite at a construction and demolition processor. Typical materials recycled from building sites include metal, lumber, asphalt, pavement, concrete, roofing material, corrugated cardboard and wallboard.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>There are many recycling centers in New Jersey for the scrap metal and corrugated cardboard generated by construction and demolition activities. Concrete, concrete block, asphalt, and brick are typically crushed and used as a substitute for quarry stone in road construction projects or used as a fill material in various applications. Crushed brick is often used as a decorative landscaping material and non-chemically treated and non-painted wood scrap, as well as tree stumps and tree trunks, are shredded and sold as landscaping mulch.</p>\n<p>Planning is also essential for a successful deconstruction project. There are many steps to consider with deconstruction such as creating safety and materials management plans, surveying and taking inventory of the building materials, environmental health and compliance, and coordinating with historic preservation designations.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.curbed.com/2015/10/7/9914062/frank-lloyd-wright-house-is-rebuilt-anew-piece-by-piece-in-arkansas\">The Deconstruction and Relocation of a Frank Lloyd Wright Designed Home, Millstone, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>Over 60 years ago, Frank Lloyd Wright designed a home built in Millstone, New Jersey. The careful deconstruction of the house began in 2014 followed by its reconstruction on the campus of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Benefits of reducing and recycling construction and demolition waste:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></sup></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves landfill space</li>\n<li>Reduces the release of methane (a potent greenhouse gas) from landfills</li>\n<li>Reduces the environmental impact of producing new materials</li>\n<li>Conserves natural resources</li>\n<li>Reduces overall project expenses through avoided purchase/disposal costs</li>\n<li>Creates jobs</li>\n<li>Deconstruction preserves architectural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>EPA’s Recycling Economic Information (REI) report indicates that recycling and reuse of materials creates jobs and generates local and state tax revenues. Out of the recycling categories, construction and demolition materials recycling contributed the most in the areas considered: jobs, wage and tax revenue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost savings associated with construction and demolition waste reduction can be realized through avoided cost of disposal, potential revenue from the sale of recycled materials, and reductions in the need for waste disposal services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Disposal fees are an expensive part of demolition.</p>\n<p>Depending on the building, deconstruction can salvage a large amount of material from a building that will lead to savings on avoided disposal fees. Deconstruction typically requires more time and labor than traditional demolition but also provides more jobs and is a good opportunity for job training in the construction trades. The feasibility and cost-effectiveness of deconstruction is different for every building depending on how the building was constructed and what building materials were used. Deconstruction can be used in most wood-frame and some metal-frame buildings. The building components, their condition, and the way they are secured to the structure can affect the cost effectiveness of salvaging materials. Deconstruction requires more labor for disassembly, removal, and sorting than conventional demolition. These costs can be balanced out with careful planning and accounting for the value of the salvaged building materials and avoided cost of disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Construction and Demolition Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>BMRA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://bmra.org/\">https://bmra.org/</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Northeast Recycling Council.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>CalRecycle. C&amp;D Recycling Toolkit for Contractors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recover your Resources.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition\">https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>NYC DDC.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recycling Economic Information report.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Seattle.gov. Salvage and Deconstruction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/\">http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenhomenyc.org/building/build-it-green-nyc/\">Build it Green! NYC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction – Construction and Demolition Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction and Demolition Recycling Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.habitat.org/cd/env/restore_detail.aspx?place=67\">Habitat for Humanity Restore Directory – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.morrishabitat.org/programs/deconstruction\">Morris Habitat for Humanity – Deconstruction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">NJ DEP – The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us./dep/dshw/\">NJ DEP Solid &amp; Hazardous Waste Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">Northeast Recycling Council – Moving Toward Zero Waste &amp; Cost Savings – A Roadmap for Builders and Contractors for Construction &amp; Demolition Projects</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/reuse.htm\">US EPA: Deconstruction and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/tools/cwm.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Construction Waste Management Database</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.zerowastedesign.org/\">Zero Waste Design Guidelines</a></li>\n<li></li>\n<li></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Construction and Demolition Waste','','inherit','closed','closed','','1400-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:29:30','2022-04-04 19:29:30','',1400,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1404',0,'revision','',0),(1405,3,'2022-04-04 19:30:11','2022-04-04 19:30:11','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Reduction\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Construction and Demolition Waste?</strong></h2>\n<p>Construction and demolition (C&amp;D) waste consists of the debris generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings. C&amp;D waste often contains bulky, heavy materials, such as concrete, wood, metals, glass, and salvaged building components.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Demolition accounts for more than 90% of C&amp;D waste and construction represents less than 10%<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>; therefore, the concept of deconstruction is also important to consider. Deconstruction is the practice of disassembling a building in order to salvage materials (joists, flooring, siding, fixtures, etc.) that can be reused for new construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life of the material and requires less energy and raw materials and produces less pollution than discarding or even recycling materials.</p>\n<p>The disposal of construction and demolition waste contributes to environmental concerns including wasted materials and embodied energy, greenhouse gas generation, and other environmental impacts associated with producing new materials instead of using existing materials. In addition, the number of C&amp;D landfills is declining, which means fewer disposal options, greater hauling distances, and increased fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Many construction and demolition waste materials can be reused on-site or elsewhere, or recycled (see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>,<span> </span><em>Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Some materials may be toxic or classified as hazardous waste and require special handling and disposal.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_86\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"556\"]<img class=\"wp-image-86 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NR-CD-Waste-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"556\" height=\"742\" /> Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing to prevent waste is an important first step in C&amp;D waste management. This can be accomplished by using standard sizes, advanced framing techniques, prefabrication, on-site protection of materials, and by return unused materials to suppliers, among other strategies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>A plan should be made and communicated clearly to the construction team specifying which items can be reused and which will be recycled.</p>\n<p>Important considerations for construction and demolition waste reduction include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Design to prevent waste</li>\n<li>Know the waste stream (what materials will be generated during the project, including hazardous materials)</li>\n<li>Become familiar with local ordinances and regulations</li>\n<li>Use specifications to set recycling goals, delineate responsibilities, etc.</li>\n<li>Require a construction waste management plan</li>\n<li>Educate project team about construction &amp; demolition waste recycling goals</li>\n<li>Monitor waste management performance</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Materials can be recycled onsite or offsite at a construction and demolition processor. Typical materials recycled from building sites include metal, lumber, asphalt, pavement, concrete, roofing material, corrugated cardboard and wallboard.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>There are many recycling centers in New Jersey for the scrap metal and corrugated cardboard generated by construction and demolition activities. Concrete, concrete block, asphalt, and brick are typically crushed and used as a substitute for quarry stone in road construction projects or used as a fill material in various applications. Crushed brick is often used as a decorative landscaping material and non-chemically treated and non-painted wood scrap, as well as tree stumps and tree trunks, are shredded and sold as landscaping mulch.</p>\n<p>Planning is also essential for a successful deconstruction project. There are many steps to consider with deconstruction such as creating safety and materials management plans, surveying and taking inventory of the building materials, environmental health and compliance, and coordinating with historic preservation designations.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.curbed.com/2015/10/7/9914062/frank-lloyd-wright-house-is-rebuilt-anew-piece-by-piece-in-arkansas\">The Deconstruction and Relocation of a Frank Lloyd Wright Designed Home, Millstone, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>Over 60 years ago, Frank Lloyd Wright designed a home built in Millstone, New Jersey. The careful deconstruction of the house began in 2014 followed by its reconstruction on the campus of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Benefits of reducing and recycling construction and demolition waste:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></sup></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves landfill space</li>\n<li>Reduces the release of methane (a potent greenhouse gas) from landfills</li>\n<li>Reduces the environmental impact of producing new materials</li>\n<li>Conserves natural resources</li>\n<li>Reduces overall project expenses through avoided purchase/disposal costs</li>\n<li>Creates jobs</li>\n<li>Deconstruction preserves architectural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>EPA’s Recycling Economic Information (REI) report indicates that recycling and reuse of materials creates jobs and generates local and state tax revenues. Out of the recycling categories, construction and demolition materials recycling contributed the most in the areas considered: jobs, wage and tax revenue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost savings associated with construction and demolition waste reduction can be realized through avoided cost of disposal, potential revenue from the sale of recycled materials, and reductions in the need for waste disposal services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Disposal fees are an expensive part of demolition.</p>\n<p>Depending on the building, deconstruction can salvage a large amount of material from a building that will lead to savings on avoided disposal fees. Deconstruction typically requires more time and labor than traditional demolition but also provides more jobs and is a good opportunity for job training in the construction trades. The feasibility and cost-effectiveness of deconstruction is different for every building depending on how the building was constructed and what building materials were used. Deconstruction can be used in most wood-frame and some metal-frame buildings. The building components, their condition, and the way they are secured to the structure can affect the cost effectiveness of salvaging materials. Deconstruction requires more labor for disassembly, removal, and sorting than conventional demolition. These costs can be balanced out with careful planning and accounting for the value of the salvaged building materials and avoided cost of disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Construction and Demolition Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>BMRA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://bmra.org/\">https://bmra.org/</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Northeast Recycling Council.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>CalRecycle. C&amp;D Recycling Toolkit for Contractors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recover your Resources.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition\">https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>NYC DDC.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recycling Economic Information report.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Seattle.gov. Salvage and Deconstruction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/\">http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenhomenyc.org/building/build-it-green-nyc/\">Build it Green! NYC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction – Construction and Demolition Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction and Demolition Recycling Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.habitat.org/cd/env/restore_detail.aspx?place=67\">Habitat for Humanity Restore Directory – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.morrishabitat.org/programs/deconstruction\">Morris Habitat for Humanity – Deconstruction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">NJ DEP – The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us./dep/dshw/\">NJ DEP Solid &amp; Hazardous Waste Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">Northeast Recycling Council – Moving Toward Zero Waste &amp; Cost Savings – A Roadmap for Builders and Contractors for Construction &amp; Demolition Projects</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/reuse.htm\">US EPA: Deconstruction and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/tools/cwm.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Construction Waste Management Database</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.zerowastedesign.org/\">Zero Waste Design Guidelines</a></li>\n<li></li>\n<li></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Construction and Demolition Waste','','inherit','closed','closed','','1400-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:30:11','2022-04-04 19:30:11','',1400,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1405',0,'revision','',0),(1406,3,'2022-04-04 19:30:38','2022-04-04 19:30:38','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Reduction\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Construction and Demolition Waste?</strong></h2>\n<p>Construction and demolition (C&amp;D) waste consists of the debris generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings. C&amp;D waste often contains bulky, heavy materials, such as concrete, wood, metals, glass, and salvaged building components.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Demolition accounts for more than 90% of C&amp;D waste and construction represents less than 10%<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>; therefore, the concept of deconstruction is also important to consider. Deconstruction is the practice of disassembling a building in order to salvage materials (joists, flooring, siding, fixtures, etc.) that can be reused for new construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life of the material and requires less energy and raw materials and produces less pollution than discarding or even recycling materials.</p>\n<p>The disposal of construction and demolition waste contributes to environmental concerns including wasted materials and embodied energy, greenhouse gas generation, and other environmental impacts associated with producing new materials instead of using existing materials. In addition, the number of C&amp;D landfills is declining, which means fewer disposal options, greater hauling distances, and increased fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Many construction and demolition waste materials can be reused on-site or elsewhere, or recycled (see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>,<span> </span><em>Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Some materials may be toxic or classified as hazardous waste and require special handling and disposal.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_86\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"556\"]<img class=\"wp-image-86 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NR-CD-Waste-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"556\" height=\"742\" /> Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing to prevent waste is an important first step in C&amp;D waste management. This can be accomplished by using standard sizes, advanced framing techniques, prefabrication, on-site protection of materials, and by return unused materials to suppliers, among other strategies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>A plan should be made and communicated clearly to the construction team specifying which items can be reused and which will be recycled.</p>\n<p>Important considerations for construction and demolition waste reduction include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Design to prevent waste</li>\n<li>Know the waste stream (what materials will be generated during the project, including hazardous materials)</li>\n<li>Become familiar with local ordinances and regulations</li>\n<li>Use specifications to set recycling goals, delineate responsibilities, etc.</li>\n<li>Require a construction waste management plan</li>\n<li>Educate project team about construction &amp; demolition waste recycling goals</li>\n<li>Monitor waste management performance</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Materials can be recycled onsite or offsite at a construction and demolition processor. Typical materials recycled from building sites include metal, lumber, asphalt, pavement, concrete, roofing material, corrugated cardboard and wallboard.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>There are many recycling centers in New Jersey for the scrap metal and corrugated cardboard generated by construction and demolition activities. Concrete, concrete block, asphalt, and brick are typically crushed and used as a substitute for quarry stone in road construction projects or used as a fill material in various applications. Crushed brick is often used as a decorative landscaping material and non-chemically treated and non-painted wood scrap, as well as tree stumps and tree trunks, are shredded and sold as landscaping mulch.</p>\n<p>Planning is also essential for a successful deconstruction project. There are many steps to consider with deconstruction such as creating safety and materials management plans, surveying and taking inventory of the building materials, environmental health and compliance, and coordinating with historic preservation designations.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.curbed.com/2015/10/7/9914062/frank-lloyd-wright-house-is-rebuilt-anew-piece-by-piece-in-arkansas\">The Deconstruction and Relocation of a Frank Lloyd Wright Designed Home, Millstone, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>Over 60 years ago, Frank Lloyd Wright designed a home built in Millstone, New Jersey. The careful deconstruction of the house began in 2014 followed by its reconstruction on the campus of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Benefits of reducing and recycling construction and demolition waste:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></sup></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves landfill space</li>\n<li>Reduces the release of methane (a potent greenhouse gas) from landfills</li>\n<li>Reduces the environmental impact of producing new materials</li>\n<li>Conserves natural resources</li>\n<li>Reduces overall project expenses through avoided purchase/disposal costs</li>\n<li>Creates jobs</li>\n<li>Deconstruction preserves architectural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>EPA’s Recycling Economic Information (REI) report indicates that recycling and reuse of materials creates jobs and generates local and state tax revenues. Out of the recycling categories, construction and demolition materials recycling contributed the most in the areas considered: jobs, wage and tax revenue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost savings associated with construction and demolition waste reduction can be realized through avoided cost of disposal, potential revenue from the sale of recycled materials, and reductions in the need for waste disposal services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Disposal fees are an expensive part of demolition.</p>\n<p>Depending on the building, deconstruction can salvage a large amount of material from a building that will lead to savings on avoided disposal fees. Deconstruction typically requires more time and labor than traditional demolition but also provides more jobs and is a good opportunity for job training in the construction trades. The feasibility and cost-effectiveness of deconstruction is different for every building depending on how the building was constructed and what building materials were used. Deconstruction can be used in most wood-frame and some metal-frame buildings. The building components, their condition, and the way they are secured to the structure can affect the cost effectiveness of salvaging materials. Deconstruction requires more labor for disassembly, removal, and sorting than conventional demolition. These costs can be balanced out with careful planning and accounting for the value of the salvaged building materials and avoided cost of disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Construction and Demolition Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>BMRA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://bmra.org/\">https://bmra.org/</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Northeast Recycling Council.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>CalRecycle. C&amp;D Recycling Toolkit for Contractors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recover your Resources.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition\">https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>NYC DDC.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recycling Economic Information report.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Seattle.gov. Salvage and Deconstruction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/\">http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenhomenyc.org/building/build-it-green-nyc/\">Build it Green! NYC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction – Construction and Demolition Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction and Demolition Recycling Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.habitat.org/cd/env/restore_detail.aspx?place=67\">Habitat for Humanity Restore Directory – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.morrishabitat.org/programs/deconstruction\">Morris Habitat for Humanity – Deconstruction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">NJ DEP – The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us./dep/dshw/\">NJ DEP Solid &amp; Hazardous Waste Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">Northeast Recycling Council – Moving Toward Zero Waste &amp; Cost Savings – A Roadmap for Builders and Contractors for Construction &amp; Demolition Projects</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/reuse.htm\">US EPA: Deconstruction and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/tools/cwm.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Construction Waste Management Database</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.zerowastedesign.org/\">Zero Waste Design Guidelines</a></li>\n<li></li>\n<li></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1400-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:30:38','2022-04-04 19:30:38','',1400,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1406',0,'revision','',0),(1407,3,'2022-04-04 19:33:17','2022-04-04 19:33:17','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Erosion Control\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Erosion Control?</h2>\n<p>Erosion control refers to specific techniques employed during construction to help protect natural resources on a project site and adjacent areas, prevent soil and sediment from leaving the site, and achieve compliance with local laws and codes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Consider how the construction site affects the land surrounding the home, both during and after construction. When clearing land and grading in preparation for construction of a new home, disturbing natural vegetation, hydrology, and topsoil leave the site vulnerable to erosion and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Controlling soil erosion by minimizing site disturbance protects the natural environment and reduces the impact on existing stormwater drainage areas.</p>\n<h2>How to Implement Erosion Control</h2>\n<p>The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control</a><span> </span>provide comprehensive compliance guidance on erosion control practices for any new development or construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>The Standards manual includes design guidance for structural practices as well as full-color maps with locations of known geological formations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>There are many soil erosion control products available such as silt fencing and soil erosion blankets to help in the protection of the site. The Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual also provides information on how to mitigate soil erosion due to stormwater runoff.</p>\n<p>Check with the local New Jersey Department of Agriculture<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Soil Conservation District</a><span> </span>or the<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/\">Natural Resource Conservation Service</a><span> </span>for more information about strategies for soil erosion prevention as well as any applicable laws. After reviewing these various guidelines and strategies, develop a comprehensive plan for site protection with the contractor.</p>\n<p>Protect existing trees and vegetation when possible. To preserve vegetation, leave adequate room for root systems and minimize soil compaction due to heavy construction equipment (see<span> </span><em>Tree Protection and Placement</em>).  Try to replant disturbed vegetation elsewhere on the site. Look to reuse and to redeposit soil on the site. Consider mulching untreated and unpainted wood waste created during the construction process to prevent topsoil erosion. Consider using pervious paving materials for parking lots, sidewalks, walkways and outdoor spaces such as patios to reduce erosion and flooding, and to help filter stormwater runoff (see<span> </span><em>Pervious Paving Material</em>).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_213\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"454\"]<img class=\"wp-image-213 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Erosion-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.\" width=\"454\" height=\"332\" /> Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Preventing soil erosion, during and after construction:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protects natural resources and ecological</li>\n<li>Saves money by reusing existing</li>\n<li>Mitigates the potentially damaging effects of</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Cost</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning to minimize site disturbance reduces costs during and after construction. Protecting existing vegetation and reusing soil and wood waste avoids the cost of additional future landscaping.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Taking steps to reduce the effects of erosion can also help to reduce the risk of severe damage and destruction to a home’s foundation.  Houses located adjacent to tidal estuaries or on hillsides can mitigate the rate of erosion by following the previous steps in this strategy.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>The County of Santa Cruz. Erosion and Storm Water Pollution Control.  <a href=\"http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx\">http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Urban Runoff: Model Ordinances for Erosion and Sediment Control.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control\">https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control</a><span> </span>(accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Agriculture. “NJ Erosion Control Standards<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Conservation Districts in New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Erosion Control Standards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/bmp_manual2.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/msrp_home.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Regulation Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/e-s_model_ordinance1.pdf\">US EPA Erosion and Sediment Control Model Ordinance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220226163801/https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Erosion Control','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-erosion-control','','','2022-06-23 19:05:20','2022-06-23 19:05:20','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1407',0,'post','',0),(1409,3,'2022-04-04 19:33:17','2022-04-04 19:33:17','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Erosion Control\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Erosion Control?</h2>\n<p>Erosion control refers to specific techniques employed during construction to help protect natural resources on a project site and adjacent areas, prevent soil and sediment from leaving the site, and achieve compliance with local laws and codes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Consider how the construction site affects the land surrounding the home, both during and after construction. When clearing land and grading in preparation for construction of a new home, disturbing natural vegetation, hydrology, and topsoil leave the site vulnerable to erosion and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Controlling soil erosion by minimizing site disturbance protects the natural environment and reduces the impact on existing stormwater drainage areas.</p>\n<h2>How to Implement Erosion Control</h2>\n<p>The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control</a><span> </span>provide comprehensive compliance guidance on erosion control practices for any new development or construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>The Standards manual includes design guidance for structural practices as well as full-color maps with locations of known geological formations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>There are many soil erosion control products available such as silt fencing and soil erosion blankets to help in the protection of the site. The Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual also provides information on how to mitigate soil erosion due to stormwater runoff.</p>\n<p>Check with the local New Jersey Department of Agriculture<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Soil Conservation District</a><span> </span>or the<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/\">Natural Resource Conservation Service</a><span> </span>for more information about strategies for soil erosion prevention as well as any applicable laws. After reviewing these various guidelines and strategies, develop a comprehensive plan for site protection with the contractor.</p>\n<p>Protect existing trees and vegetation when possible. To preserve vegetation, leave adequate room for root systems and minimize soil compaction due to heavy construction equipment (see<span> </span><em>Tree Protection and Placement</em>).  Try to replant disturbed vegetation elsewhere on the site. Look to reuse and to redeposit soil on the site. Consider mulching untreated and unpainted wood waste created during the construction process to prevent topsoil erosion. Consider using pervious paving materials for parking lots, sidewalks, walkways and outdoor spaces such as patios to reduce erosion and flooding, and to help filter stormwater runoff (see<span> </span><em>Pervious Paving Material</em>).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_213\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"454\"]<img class=\"wp-image-213 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Erosion-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.\" width=\"454\" height=\"332\" /> Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Preventing soil erosion, during and after construction:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protects natural resources and ecological</li>\n<li>Saves money by reusing existing</li>\n<li>Mitigates the potentially damaging effects of</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Cost</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning to minimize site disturbance reduces costs during and after construction. Protecting existing vegetation and reusing soil and wood waste avoids the cost of additional future landscaping.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Taking steps to reduce the effects of erosion can also help to reduce the risk of severe damage and destruction to a home’s foundation.  Houses located adjacent to tidal estuaries or on hillsides can mitigate the rate of erosion by following the previous steps in this strategy.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>The County of Santa Cruz. Erosion and Storm Water Pollution Control.  <a href=\"http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx\">http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Urban Runoff: Model Ordinances for Erosion and Sediment Control.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control\">https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control</a><span> </span>(accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Agriculture. “NJ Erosion Control Standards<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Conservation Districts in New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Erosion Control Standards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/bmp_manual2.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/msrp_home.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Regulation Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/e-s_model_ordinance1.pdf\">US EPA Erosion and Sediment Control Model Ordinance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Erosion ControlErosion Control','','inherit','closed','closed','','1407-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:33:17','2022-04-04 19:33:17','',1407,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1409',0,'revision','',0),(1410,3,'2022-04-04 19:33:17','2022-04-04 19:33:17','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Erosion Control\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Erosion Control?</h2>\n<p>Erosion control refers to specific techniques employed during construction to help protect natural resources on a project site and adjacent areas, prevent soil and sediment from leaving the site, and achieve compliance with local laws and codes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Consider how the construction site affects the land surrounding the home, both during and after construction. When clearing land and grading in preparation for construction of a new home, disturbing natural vegetation, hydrology, and topsoil leave the site vulnerable to erosion and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Controlling soil erosion by minimizing site disturbance protects the natural environment and reduces the impact on existing stormwater drainage areas.</p>\n<h2>How to Implement Erosion Control</h2>\n<p>The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control</a><span> </span>provide comprehensive compliance guidance on erosion control practices for any new development or construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>The Standards manual includes design guidance for structural practices as well as full-color maps with locations of known geological formations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>There are many soil erosion control products available such as silt fencing and soil erosion blankets to help in the protection of the site. The Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual also provides information on how to mitigate soil erosion due to stormwater runoff.</p>\n<p>Check with the local New Jersey Department of Agriculture<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Soil Conservation District</a><span> </span>or the<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/\">Natural Resource Conservation Service</a><span> </span>for more information about strategies for soil erosion prevention as well as any applicable laws. After reviewing these various guidelines and strategies, develop a comprehensive plan for site protection with the contractor.</p>\n<p>Protect existing trees and vegetation when possible. To preserve vegetation, leave adequate room for root systems and minimize soil compaction due to heavy construction equipment (see<span> </span><em>Tree Protection and Placement</em>).  Try to replant disturbed vegetation elsewhere on the site. Look to reuse and to redeposit soil on the site. Consider mulching untreated and unpainted wood waste created during the construction process to prevent topsoil erosion. Consider using pervious paving materials for parking lots, sidewalks, walkways and outdoor spaces such as patios to reduce erosion and flooding, and to help filter stormwater runoff (see<span> </span><em>Pervious Paving Material</em>).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_213\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"454\"]<img class=\"wp-image-213 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Erosion-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.\" width=\"454\" height=\"332\" /> Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Preventing soil erosion, during and after construction:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protects natural resources and ecological</li>\n<li>Saves money by reusing existing</li>\n<li>Mitigates the potentially damaging effects of</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Cost</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning to minimize site disturbance reduces costs during and after construction. Protecting existing vegetation and reusing soil and wood waste avoids the cost of additional future landscaping.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Taking steps to reduce the effects of erosion can also help to reduce the risk of severe damage and destruction to a home’s foundation.  Houses located adjacent to tidal estuaries or on hillsides can mitigate the rate of erosion by following the previous steps in this strategy.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>The County of Santa Cruz. Erosion and Storm Water Pollution Control.  <a href=\"http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx\">http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Urban Runoff: Model Ordinances for Erosion and Sediment Control.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control\">https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control</a><span> </span>(accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Agriculture. “NJ Erosion Control Standards<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Conservation Districts in New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Erosion Control Standards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/bmp_manual2.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/msrp_home.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Regulation Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/e-s_model_ordinance1.pdf\">US EPA Erosion and Sediment Control Model Ordinance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1407-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:33:17','2022-04-04 19:33:17','',1407,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1410',0,'revision','',0),(1411,3,'2022-04-04 19:33:21','2022-04-04 19:33:21','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Erosion Control\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Erosion Control?</h2>\n<p>Erosion control refers to specific techniques employed during construction to help protect natural resources on a project site and adjacent areas, prevent soil and sediment from leaving the site, and achieve compliance with local laws and codes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Consider how the construction site affects the land surrounding the home, both during and after construction. When clearing land and grading in preparation for construction of a new home, disturbing natural vegetation, hydrology, and topsoil leave the site vulnerable to erosion and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Controlling soil erosion by minimizing site disturbance protects the natural environment and reduces the impact on existing stormwater drainage areas.</p>\n<h2>How to Implement Erosion Control</h2>\n<p>The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control</a><span> </span>provide comprehensive compliance guidance on erosion control practices for any new development or construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>The Standards manual includes design guidance for structural practices as well as full-color maps with locations of known geological formations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>There are many soil erosion control products available such as silt fencing and soil erosion blankets to help in the protection of the site. The Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual also provides information on how to mitigate soil erosion due to stormwater runoff.</p>\n<p>Check with the local New Jersey Department of Agriculture<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Soil Conservation District</a><span> </span>or the<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/\">Natural Resource Conservation Service</a><span> </span>for more information about strategies for soil erosion prevention as well as any applicable laws. After reviewing these various guidelines and strategies, develop a comprehensive plan for site protection with the contractor.</p>\n<p>Protect existing trees and vegetation when possible. To preserve vegetation, leave adequate room for root systems and minimize soil compaction due to heavy construction equipment (see<span> </span><em>Tree Protection and Placement</em>).  Try to replant disturbed vegetation elsewhere on the site. Look to reuse and to redeposit soil on the site. Consider mulching untreated and unpainted wood waste created during the construction process to prevent topsoil erosion. Consider using pervious paving materials for parking lots, sidewalks, walkways and outdoor spaces such as patios to reduce erosion and flooding, and to help filter stormwater runoff (see<span> </span><em>Pervious Paving Material</em>).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_213\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"454\"]<img class=\"wp-image-213 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Erosion-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.\" width=\"454\" height=\"332\" /> Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Preventing soil erosion, during and after construction:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protects natural resources and ecological</li>\n<li>Saves money by reusing existing</li>\n<li>Mitigates the potentially damaging effects of</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Cost</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning to minimize site disturbance reduces costs during and after construction. Protecting existing vegetation and reusing soil and wood waste avoids the cost of additional future landscaping.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Taking steps to reduce the effects of erosion can also help to reduce the risk of severe damage and destruction to a home’s foundation.  Houses located adjacent to tidal estuaries or on hillsides can mitigate the rate of erosion by following the previous steps in this strategy.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>The County of Santa Cruz. Erosion and Storm Water Pollution Control.  <a href=\"http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx\">http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Urban Runoff: Model Ordinances for Erosion and Sediment Control.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control\">https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control</a><span> </span>(accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Agriculture. “NJ Erosion Control Standards<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Conservation Districts in New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Erosion Control Standards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/bmp_manual2.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/msrp_home.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Regulation Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/e-s_model_ordinance1.pdf\">US EPA Erosion and Sediment Control Model Ordinance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Erosion ControlErosion Control','','inherit','closed','closed','','1407-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:33:21','2022-04-04 19:33:21','',1407,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1411',0,'revision','',0),(1412,3,'2022-04-04 19:33:39','2022-04-04 19:33:39','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Reduction\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Construction and Demolition Waste?</strong></h2>\n<p>Construction and demolition (C&amp;D) waste consists of the debris generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings. C&amp;D waste often contains bulky, heavy materials, such as concrete, wood, metals, glass, and salvaged building components.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Demolition accounts for more than 90% of C&amp;D waste and construction represents less than 10%<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>; therefore, the concept of deconstruction is also important to consider. Deconstruction is the practice of disassembling a building in order to salvage materials (joists, flooring, siding, fixtures, etc.) that can be reused for new construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life of the material and requires less energy and raw materials and produces less pollution than discarding or even recycling materials.</p>\n<p>The disposal of construction and demolition waste contributes to environmental concerns including wasted materials and embodied energy, greenhouse gas generation, and other environmental impacts associated with producing new materials instead of using existing materials. In addition, the number of C&amp;D landfills is declining, which means fewer disposal options, greater hauling distances, and increased fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Many construction and demolition waste materials can be reused on-site or elsewhere, or recycled (see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>,<span> </span><em>Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Some materials may be toxic or classified as hazardous waste and require special handling and disposal.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_86\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"556\"]<img class=\"wp-image-86 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NR-CD-Waste-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"556\" height=\"742\" /> Figure 1 – Dumpster with construction debris (source: Flickr – David d’O http://www.flickr.com/photos/david_o/534454633/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing to prevent waste is an important first step in C&amp;D waste management. This can be accomplished by using standard sizes, advanced framing techniques, prefabrication, on-site protection of materials, and by return unused materials to suppliers, among other strategies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>A plan should be made and communicated clearly to the construction team specifying which items can be reused and which will be recycled.</p>\n<p>Important considerations for construction and demolition waste reduction include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Design to prevent waste</li>\n<li>Know the waste stream (what materials will be generated during the project, including hazardous materials)</li>\n<li>Become familiar with local ordinances and regulations</li>\n<li>Use specifications to set recycling goals, delineate responsibilities, etc.</li>\n<li>Require a construction waste management plan</li>\n<li>Educate project team about construction &amp; demolition waste recycling goals</li>\n<li>Monitor waste management performance</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Materials can be recycled onsite or offsite at a construction and demolition processor. Typical materials recycled from building sites include metal, lumber, asphalt, pavement, concrete, roofing material, corrugated cardboard and wallboard.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>There are many recycling centers in New Jersey for the scrap metal and corrugated cardboard generated by construction and demolition activities. Concrete, concrete block, asphalt, and brick are typically crushed and used as a substitute for quarry stone in road construction projects or used as a fill material in various applications. Crushed brick is often used as a decorative landscaping material and non-chemically treated and non-painted wood scrap, as well as tree stumps and tree trunks, are shredded and sold as landscaping mulch.</p>\n<p>Planning is also essential for a successful deconstruction project. There are many steps to consider with deconstruction such as creating safety and materials management plans, surveying and taking inventory of the building materials, environmental health and compliance, and coordinating with historic preservation designations.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.curbed.com/2015/10/7/9914062/frank-lloyd-wright-house-is-rebuilt-anew-piece-by-piece-in-arkansas\">The Deconstruction and Relocation of a Frank Lloyd Wright Designed Home, Millstone, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>Over 60 years ago, Frank Lloyd Wright designed a home built in Millstone, New Jersey. The careful deconstruction of the house began in 2014 followed by its reconstruction on the campus of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Benefits of reducing and recycling construction and demolition waste:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></sup></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves landfill space</li>\n<li>Reduces the release of methane (a potent greenhouse gas) from landfills</li>\n<li>Reduces the environmental impact of producing new materials</li>\n<li>Conserves natural resources</li>\n<li>Reduces overall project expenses through avoided purchase/disposal costs</li>\n<li>Creates jobs</li>\n<li>Deconstruction preserves architectural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>EPA’s Recycling Economic Information (REI) report indicates that recycling and reuse of materials creates jobs and generates local and state tax revenues. Out of the recycling categories, construction and demolition materials recycling contributed the most in the areas considered: jobs, wage and tax revenue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost savings associated with construction and demolition waste reduction can be realized through avoided cost of disposal, potential revenue from the sale of recycled materials, and reductions in the need for waste disposal services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Disposal fees are an expensive part of demolition.</p>\n<p>Depending on the building, deconstruction can salvage a large amount of material from a building that will lead to savings on avoided disposal fees. Deconstruction typically requires more time and labor than traditional demolition but also provides more jobs and is a good opportunity for job training in the construction trades. The feasibility and cost-effectiveness of deconstruction is different for every building depending on how the building was constructed and what building materials were used. Deconstruction can be used in most wood-frame and some metal-frame buildings. The building components, their condition, and the way they are secured to the structure can affect the cost effectiveness of salvaging materials. Deconstruction requires more labor for disassembly, removal, and sorting than conventional demolition. These costs can be balanced out with careful planning and accounting for the value of the salvaged building materials and avoided cost of disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Reducing waste and reusing or recycling materials can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Construction and Demolition Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm\">http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/index.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials#America</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>BMRA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://bmra.org/\">https://bmra.org/</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Construction Waste Management.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cwmgmt.php</a><span> </span>(accessed March 20, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Northeast Recycling Council.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>CalRecycle. C&amp;D Recycling Toolkit for Contractors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/Toolkit/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recover your Resources.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition\">https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/brownfields-recover-your-resources-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-construction-and-demolition</a><span> </span> (accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>NYC DDC.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Recycling Economic Information report.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/final_2016_rei_report.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Seattle.gov. Salvage and Deconstruction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/\">http://www.seattle.gov/util/forbusinesses/construction/cdwastemanagement/salvageanddeconstruction/</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction &amp; Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenhomenyc.org/building/build-it-green-nyc/\">Build it Green! NYC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction – Construction and Demolition Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction and Demolition Recycling Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.habitat.org/cd/env/restore_detail.aspx?place=67\">Habitat for Humanity Restore Directory – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.morrishabitat.org/programs/deconstruction\">Morris Habitat for Humanity – Deconstruction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/wastewise/njwwcasestudy.pdf\">NJ DEP – The Economic Benefits of Recycling and Waste Reduction – Wastewise Case Studies from the Private and Public Sectors</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us./dep/dshw/\">NJ DEP Solid &amp; Hazardous Waste Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/documents/moving_toward_zero_waste_cost_savings_a_roadmap_contractors_builders.pdf\">Northeast Recycling Council – Moving Toward Zero Waste &amp; Cost Savings – A Roadmap for Builders and Contractors for Construction &amp; Demolition Projects</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/reuse.htm\">US EPA: Deconstruction and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/tools/cwm.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Construction Waste Management Database</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.zerowastedesign.org/\">Zero Waste Design Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1400-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:33:39','2022-04-04 19:33:39','',1400,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1412',0,'revision','',0),(1413,3,'2022-04-04 19:34:03','2022-04-04 19:34:03','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Sustainable Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>,<span> </span><em>Demolition</em>, and<span> </span><em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a><span> </span>has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scsglobalservices/com/services\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a><span> </span>are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a><span> </span>is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability</u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"510\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"510\" height=\"390\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C<sup>Ò</sup>) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitatbergen.org/past-projects\">Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County – Bergenfield Energy Star-certified Home</a></p>\n<p>This Habitat for Humanity project earned Energy Star certification and included sustainable design elements such as insulation made from recycled denim and energy efficient systems.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_579\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"340\"]<img class=\"wp-image-579 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)\" width=\"340\" height=\"340\" /> Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <a href=\"http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design phase, specify certified wood instead of conventional wood whenever possible, including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 5) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"372\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"372\" height=\"396\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\"><sup>[30]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\">[32]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for residents who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\"><sup>[37]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\">[38]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cal Recycle. Matrix: Overview of Recycled Content and Availability. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> The Cradle to Cradle<sup>Ò</sup> program certifies products that meet multi-attribute criteria for: human and environmental health; Recyclability/compostability; renewable energy use; water stewardship social responsibility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Forest Stewardship Council. <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us\">https://us.fsc.org/en-us</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> USGBC. LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed February 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]</a> GreenBiz. Durability: A Key Component of Green Building. <a href=\"https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building\">https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials.  <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. How to Buy Good Wood. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Economic Benefits of Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]</a> CalRecycle. Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling. February 2018. <a href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/\">http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/</a> (accessed July 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/\">Flexible Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://give.org/\">BBB Wise Giving Alliance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bigreuse.org/\">Big Reuse (Brooklyn)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Materials/\">CalRecycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Recycling Association (CDRA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle-to-Cradle Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/resource-center\">Forest Certification Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/what-is-fsc\">Forest Stewardship Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.greenseal.org/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/buy-green-products-services-and-vehicles/buy-green-products\">GSA Buy Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/43/materials-resources\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Materials and Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/restores?place=us\">Habitat for Humanity Restores</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/sustainable-engineered-materials\">NIST Engineering Laboratory- Sustainable Engineered Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/sdtguide.html\">NJ DEP Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/resource_page.htm\">NJ DEP – Recycled Product Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://planetreuse.com/\">Planet Reuse (2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification – Find Certified Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=5110\">RELi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">The Carpet and Rug Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">US EPA – Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-basics\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management Basics</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">USGBC. LEED BD+C- New Construction. LEEDv4. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide – Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/materials\">Whole Building Design Guide – Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_preferable_products.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Optimize Building Space and Material Use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Sustainable Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1394-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:34:03','2022-04-04 19:34:03','',1394,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1413',0,'revision','',0),(1414,3,'2022-04-04 19:34:41','2022-04-04 19:34:41','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Erosion Control\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Erosion Control?</h2>\n<p>Erosion control refers to specific techniques employed during construction to help protect natural resources on a project site and adjacent areas, prevent soil and sediment from leaving the site, and achieve compliance with local laws and codes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Consider how the construction site affects the land surrounding the home, both during and after construction. When clearing land and grading in preparation for construction of a new home, disturbing natural vegetation, hydrology, and topsoil leave the site vulnerable to erosion and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Controlling soil erosion by minimizing site disturbance protects the natural environment and reduces the impact on existing stormwater drainage areas.</p>\n<h2>How to Implement Erosion Control</h2>\n<p>The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control</a><span> </span>provide comprehensive compliance guidance on erosion control practices for any new development or construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>The Standards manual includes design guidance for structural practices as well as full-color maps with locations of known geological formations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>There are many soil erosion control products available such as silt fencing and soil erosion blankets to help in the protection of the site. The Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual also provides information on how to mitigate soil erosion due to stormwater runoff.</p>\n<p>Check with the local New Jersey Department of Agriculture<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Soil Conservation District</a><span> </span>or the<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/\">Natural Resource Conservation Service</a><span> </span>for more information about strategies for soil erosion prevention as well as any applicable laws. After reviewing these various guidelines and strategies, develop a comprehensive plan for site protection with the contractor.</p>\n<p>Protect existing trees and vegetation when possible. To preserve vegetation, leave adequate room for root systems and minimize soil compaction due to heavy construction equipment (see<span> </span><em>Tree Protection and Placement</em>).  Try to replant disturbed vegetation elsewhere on the site. Look to reuse and to redeposit soil on the site. Consider mulching untreated and unpainted wood waste created during the construction process to prevent topsoil erosion. Consider using pervious paving materials for parking lots, sidewalks, walkways and outdoor spaces such as patios to reduce erosion and flooding, and to help filter stormwater runoff (see<span> </span><em>Pervious Paving Material</em>).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_213\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"454\"]<img class=\"wp-image-213 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Erosion-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.\" width=\"454\" height=\"332\" /> Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Preventing soil erosion, during and after construction:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protects natural resources and ecological</li>\n<li>Saves money by reusing existing</li>\n<li>Mitigates the potentially damaging effects of</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Cost</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning to minimize site disturbance reduces costs during and after construction. Protecting existing vegetation and reusing soil and wood waste avoids the cost of additional future landscaping.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Taking steps to reduce the effects of erosion can also help to reduce the risk of severe damage and destruction to a home’s foundation.  Houses located adjacent to tidal estuaries or on hillsides can mitigate the rate of erosion by following the previous steps in this strategy.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>The County of Santa Cruz. Erosion and Storm Water Pollution Control.  <a href=\"http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx\">http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Urban Runoff: Model Ordinances for Erosion and Sediment Control.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control\">https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control</a><span> </span>(accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Agriculture. “NJ Erosion Control Standards<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Conservation Districts in New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Erosion Control Standards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/bmp_manual2.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/msrp_home.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Regulation Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/e-s_model_ordinance1.pdf\">US EPA Erosion and Sediment Control Model Ordinance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Erosion ControlErosion Control','','inherit','closed','closed','','1407-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:34:41','2022-04-04 19:34:41','',1407,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1414',0,'revision','',0),(1415,3,'2022-04-04 19:34:44','2022-04-04 19:34:44','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Erosion Control\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Erosion Control?</h2>\n<p>Erosion control refers to specific techniques employed during construction to help protect natural resources on a project site and adjacent areas, prevent soil and sediment from leaving the site, and achieve compliance with local laws and codes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Consider how the construction site affects the land surrounding the home, both during and after construction. When clearing land and grading in preparation for construction of a new home, disturbing natural vegetation, hydrology, and topsoil leave the site vulnerable to erosion and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Controlling soil erosion by minimizing site disturbance protects the natural environment and reduces the impact on existing stormwater drainage areas.</p>\n<h2>How to Implement Erosion Control</h2>\n<p>The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control</a><span> </span>provide comprehensive compliance guidance on erosion control practices for any new development or construction.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>The Standards manual includes design guidance for structural practices as well as full-color maps with locations of known geological formations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>There are many soil erosion control products available such as silt fencing and soil erosion blankets to help in the protection of the site. The Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual also provides information on how to mitigate soil erosion due to stormwater runoff.</p>\n<p>Check with the local New Jersey Department of Agriculture<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Soil Conservation District</a><span> </span>or the<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/\">Natural Resource Conservation Service</a><span> </span>for more information about strategies for soil erosion prevention as well as any applicable laws. After reviewing these various guidelines and strategies, develop a comprehensive plan for site protection with the contractor.</p>\n<p>Protect existing trees and vegetation when possible. To preserve vegetation, leave adequate room for root systems and minimize soil compaction due to heavy construction equipment (see<span> </span><em>Tree Protection and Placement</em>).  Try to replant disturbed vegetation elsewhere on the site. Look to reuse and to redeposit soil on the site. Consider mulching untreated and unpainted wood waste created during the construction process to prevent topsoil erosion. Consider using pervious paving materials for parking lots, sidewalks, walkways and outdoor spaces such as patios to reduce erosion and flooding, and to help filter stormwater runoff (see<span> </span><em>Pervious Paving Material</em>).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_213\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"454\"]<img class=\"wp-image-213 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Erosion-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.\" width=\"454\" height=\"332\" /> Figure 1. Silt fencing is retaining sediment. Source: US EPA.[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Preventing soil erosion, during and after construction:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protects natural resources and ecological</li>\n<li>Saves money by reusing existing</li>\n<li>Mitigates the potentially damaging effects of</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Cost</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning to minimize site disturbance reduces costs during and after construction. Protecting existing vegetation and reusing soil and wood waste avoids the cost of additional future landscaping.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Taking steps to reduce the effects of erosion can also help to reduce the risk of severe damage and destruction to a home’s foundation.  Houses located adjacent to tidal estuaries or on hillsides can mitigate the rate of erosion by following the previous steps in this strategy.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>The County of Santa Cruz. Erosion and Storm Water Pollution Control.  <a href=\"http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx\">http://www.sccoplanning.com/PlanningHome/Environmental/ErosionStormwaterPollutionControl.aspx</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Urban Runoff: Model Ordinances for Erosion and Sediment Control.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control\">https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-model-ordinances-erosion-and-sediment-control</a><span> </span>(accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Agriculture. “NJ Erosion Control Standards<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/conservdistricts.html\">Conservation Districts in New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/anr/nrc/njerosion.html\">Erosion Control Standards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/bmp_manual2.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/msrp_home.htm\">New Jersey Stormwater Regulation Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/e-s_model_ordinance1.pdf\">US EPA Erosion and Sediment Control Model Ordinance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Erosion Control','','inherit','closed','closed','','1407-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:34:44','2022-04-04 19:34:44','',1407,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1415',0,'revision','',0),(1416,3,'2022-04-04 19:38:10','2022-04-04 19:38:10','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Edible Landscaping\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Edible Landscaping?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Edible landscaping refers to the practice of incorporating food-producing plants in the landscape. Combine fruit and nut trees, vegetables, herbs, edible flowers and shrubs with berries to create an attractive design that produces fruits and vegetables for home consumption.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Consider including food plants throughout the landscape or residents may wish to dedicate a section of the yard to a vegetable garden. Growing even small amounts of fruits or vegetables encourages healthy eating and sustainable lifestyles protect the environment and give gardeners a sense of personal satisfaction (see<span> </span><em><i>Active Living</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Edible Landscaping</b></strong></h2>\n<p>There are a wide variety of vegetables, fruits, and herbs that grow well in New Jersey’s climate. The following items guide developing a landscape with edible plants.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conduct a soil test in various locations, especially if growing food-producing plants directly in the soil (see<span> </span><em><i>Soil Test</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Consider organic gardening methods especially for edible gardens (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants)</i></em>. Pesticides and fertilizers used in conventional gardening may leave a harmful residue.</li>\n<li>Create a landscaping scrapbook filled with inspirational images. Include edible plants that are aesthetically pleasing as well as images of walkways, walls, fences or other landscape features of interest.</li>\n<li>Consider consulting a landscape professional with expertise in edible crops.</li>\n<li>Know the local climate – for instance, the northwestern and shoreline areas of New Jersey have slightly cooler and warmer year-round climates, respectively, than the rest of the state. Get to know the landscape – note the conditions at various times during the day. Where is it sunny and for how long (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</i></em>)?</li>\n<li>Sketch out a preliminary design.</li>\n<li>Create a mock-up design by using props in the yard. This makes it easier to envision various landscaping elements before installing them.</li>\n<li>Commit the plan to paper – draw a map, use accurate measurements, establish locations, and create a list of elements to install.</li>\n<li>Create a cost estimate based on the plan.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Other tips:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider one-to-one substitutions such as replacing an existing shrub with a fruit-bearing shrub.</li>\n<li>Consider using indoor sunspaces or insulated porches for winter growing.</li>\n<li>Protect fruits and vegetables from being eaten by animals (i.e., deer, gophers, voles) with a fence.</li>\n<li>Choose natural organic repellents that use various smells and tastes to keep pests out of the garden (see<span> </span><em><i>Integrated Pest Management</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Call your County Extension Office for free advice from the county Master Gardener Program.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/county\">njaes.rutgers.edu/county</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Challenges to consider:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Careful planning – like all plants, food-producing plants have specific growing requirements. Most fruit trees and vegetable plants need at least 6 hours of sunlight per day and like well-drained soil. Creating an aesthetically pleasing landscape that incorporates food-producing plants requires planning and design. Plant vegetables or herbs harvested frequently in a garden dedicated solely to production.</li>\n<li>Toxic plants – research plants carefully as some plants contain natural toxins.</li>\n<li>Inputs and maintenance – some food-producing plants may need as much water, fertilizer, pruning, and pest management as a lawn or ornamental plants. For example, vegetables like sweet corn, tomatoes, and melons and fruits such as peaches and apples can be high maintenance crops (see<span> </span><em><i>Water-Efficient Landscaping</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Seasonality – many vegetables are annuals, requiring replanting every year. Plant annuals in an area dedicated solely to production. Incorporate perennials, including herbs, berries or fruit trees into a year-round landscape.</li>\n<li>Harvesting – at the height of a plants production, fruits and vegetables may need to be harvested on a daily basis. Harvest ripe fruit promptly to avoid rot and attracting vermin.</li>\n<li>Cooking and preparation – some highly perishable fruits and vegetables may require quick processing.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>For more specific information see the Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station’s –<span> </span><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs129/\">Planting a Vegetable Garden</a><span> </span>guide.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.fritzhaeg.com/garden/initiatives/edibleestates/nyc-suburbs.html\">Edible Estates – Regional Prototype Garden – Maplewood, NJ</a></p>\n<p>Edible Estates illustrates the conversion of an entire front lawn in Maplewood, NJ to an edible garden. A steep slope surrounding the yard was planted with strawberries, while 15 raised beds include various types of vegetables.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p><u>Economic</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saves money on purchasing food and the seeds and small plants needed to get started are inexpensive and widely available.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Environment</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces energy use and overall pollution associated with the transportation and production of food products.</li>\n<li>Contributes to a diverse and healthy habitat (see<span> </span><em><i>Wildlife Habitat</i></em>).</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Health</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improves nutrition – plants have the highest nutrient content and flavor immediately after being harvested.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Conventional produce bought from the grocery store may have been harvested up to two weeks prior.</li>\n<li>Increases fruit and vegetable intake – gardeners consume more of the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables than non-gardeners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improves food security for the household.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduces dependence on sources of food grown with pesticides or herbicides.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Personal Wellness</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases convenience – growing food at home takes some maintenance but encourages the consumption of fresh, healthy foods and can facilitate easy meal preparation.</li>\n<li>Increases exercise and reduce stress – even moderate amounts of gardening can increase muscle strength and endurance as well as contribute to a sense of general well-being. Many gardeners report increased levels of personal satisfaction (see<span> </span><em><i>Active Living</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Provides an opportunity for fun and education – gardening provides learning opportunities for families with children. Growing, caring for, harvesting and cooking foods grown in the home landscape are great ways to teach kids a variety of skills.</li>\n<li>Provides access to unusual varieties of fruits and vegetables that may not be available in your local grocery store.</li>\n<li>Reduces time spent on mowing traditional turf grass in a lawn (see<span> </span><em><i>Turfgrass Reduction</i></em>).</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In a study conducted by the National Gardening Association in 2008, 54% of respondents cited saving money on food bills as the reason for growing edible plants.  On average, households growing food (including vegetables, fruit trees, berries, and herbs) spent only $70 annually on edible plants. The majority (57%) of households growing food did so in gardens 100 square feet or smaller. A production garden, 20′ x 30′, geared towards growing food for consumption can yield an average of 350 pounds of vegetables, valued at over $600 at an initial cost of $70.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Edible landscapes offer the opportunity for homeowners and neighborhoods to grow some of their food, reducing dependency on food supply chains and transportation networks disrupted or compromised due to storms or other events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Oregon State University –<span> </span><em><i>Edible Landscaping</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/metro/sites/default/files/edible_landscaping.pdf\">http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/metro/sites/default/files/edible_landscaping.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 16, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>University of Florida: IFAS Extension. Edible Landscaping.<span> </span><a href=\"http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP14600.pdf\">http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP14600.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Aime Sommerfeld et al. (2011) “Gardening linked to increased vegetable consumption in older adults.” American Society for Horticultural Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110317141428.htm\">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110317141428.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>University of Maryland Extension. Edible Landscaping.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210121212427/https://extension.umd.edu/st-marys-county/home-gardening/edible-landscaping\">https://extension.umd.edu/st-marys-county/home-gardening/edible-landscaping</a><span> </span>(accessed November 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Bellows, Anne C., Katherine Brown and Jac Smit. 2003. Health Benefits of Urban Agriculture.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.csu.edu/cerc/researchreports/documents/HealthBenefitsOfUrbanAgriculture2003.pdf\">https://www.csu.edu/cerc/researchreports/documents/HealthBenefitsOfUrbanAgriculture2003.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>National Gardening Association. Edible Landscaping with Charlie Nardozzi.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.garden.org/ediblelandscaping/?page=201003-garden-saves\">http://www.garden.org/ediblelandscaping/?page=201003-garden-saves</a>  (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-soil-test/\">Soil Test</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/residentialagriculture.aspx\">ASLA – Applying Ecological Design: Gardens and Permaculture</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://garden.org/learn/articles/browse/425/Edible-Landscaping-Archive/\">National Gardening Association: Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n<li>New Jersey\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS129\">Planning a Vegetable Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS681\">Varieties for New Jersey Vegetable Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS419\">Selecting Blueberry Varieties for the Home Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs336/\">Lead Contaminated Soil: Minimizing Health Risks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/soil-testing-lab/\">Soil Testing Laboratory</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-335/426-335.html\">Virginia Cooperative Extension, Intensive Gardening Methods</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Edible Landscaping','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-edible-landscaping','','','2022-06-23 19:05:31','2022-06-23 19:05:31','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1416',0,'post','',0),(1418,3,'2022-04-04 19:38:10','2022-04-04 19:38:10','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Edible Landscaping\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Edible Landscaping?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Edible landscaping refers to the practice of incorporating food-producing plants in the landscape. Combine fruit and nut trees, vegetables, herbs, edible flowers and shrubs with berries to create an attractive design that produces fruits and vegetables for home consumption.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Consider including food plants throughout the landscape or residents may wish to dedicate a section of the yard to a vegetable garden. Growing even small amounts of fruits or vegetables encourages healthy eating and sustainable lifestyles protect the environment and give gardeners a sense of personal satisfaction (see<span> </span><em><i>Active Living</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Edible Landscaping</b></strong></h2>\n<p>There are a wide variety of vegetables, fruits, and herbs that grow well in New Jersey’s climate. The following items guide developing a landscape with edible plants.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conduct a soil test in various locations, especially if growing food-producing plants directly in the soil (see<span> </span><em><i>Soil Test</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Consider organic gardening methods especially for edible gardens (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants)</i></em>. Pesticides and fertilizers used in conventional gardening may leave a harmful residue.</li>\n<li>Create a landscaping scrapbook filled with inspirational images. Include edible plants that are aesthetically pleasing as well as images of walkways, walls, fences or other landscape features of interest.</li>\n<li>Consider consulting a landscape professional with expertise in edible crops.</li>\n<li>Know the local climate – for instance, the northwestern and shoreline areas of New Jersey have slightly cooler and warmer year-round climates, respectively, than the rest of the state. Get to know the landscape – note the conditions at various times during the day. Where is it sunny and for how long (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</i></em>)?</li>\n<li>Sketch out a preliminary design.</li>\n<li>Create a mock-up design by using props in the yard. This makes it easier to envision various landscaping elements before installing them.</li>\n<li>Commit the plan to paper – draw a map, use accurate measurements, establish locations, and create a list of elements to install.</li>\n<li>Create a cost estimate based on the plan.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Other tips:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider one-to-one substitutions such as replacing an existing shrub with a fruit-bearing shrub.</li>\n<li>Consider using indoor sunspaces or insulated porches for winter growing.</li>\n<li>Protect fruits and vegetables from being eaten by animals (i.e., deer, gophers, voles) with a fence.</li>\n<li>Choose natural organic repellents that use various smells and tastes to keep pests out of the garden (see<span> </span><em><i>Integrated Pest Management</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Call your County Extension Office for free advice from the county Master Gardener Program.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/county\">njaes.rutgers.edu/county</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Challenges to consider:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Careful planning – like all plants, food-producing plants have specific growing requirements. Most fruit trees and vegetable plants need at least 6 hours of sunlight per day and like well-drained soil. Creating an aesthetically pleasing landscape that incorporates food-producing plants requires planning and design. Plant vegetables or herbs harvested frequently in a garden dedicated solely to production.</li>\n<li>Toxic plants – research plants carefully as some plants contain natural toxins.</li>\n<li>Inputs and maintenance – some food-producing plants may need as much water, fertilizer, pruning, and pest management as a lawn or ornamental plants. For example, vegetables like sweet corn, tomatoes, and melons and fruits such as peaches and apples can be high maintenance crops (see<span> </span><em><i>Water-Efficient Landscaping</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Seasonality – many vegetables are annuals, requiring replanting every year. Plant annuals in an area dedicated solely to production. Incorporate perennials, including herbs, berries or fruit trees into a year-round landscape.</li>\n<li>Harvesting – at the height of a plants production, fruits and vegetables may need to be harvested on a daily basis. Harvest ripe fruit promptly to avoid rot and attracting vermin.</li>\n<li>Cooking and preparation – some highly perishable fruits and vegetables may require quick processing.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>For more specific information see the Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station’s –<span> </span><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs129/\">Planting a Vegetable Garden</a><span> </span>guide.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.fritzhaeg.com/garden/initiatives/edibleestates/nyc-suburbs.html\">Edible Estates – Regional Prototype Garden – Maplewood, NJ</a></p>\n<p>Edible Estates illustrates the conversion of an entire front lawn in Maplewood, NJ to an edible garden. A steep slope surrounding the yard was planted with strawberries, while 15 raised beds include various types of vegetables.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p><u>Economic</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saves money on purchasing food and the seeds and small plants needed to get started are inexpensive and widely available.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Environment</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces energy use and overall pollution associated with the transportation and production of food products.</li>\n<li>Contributes to a diverse and healthy habitat (see<span> </span><em><i>Wildlife Habitat</i></em>).</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Health</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improves nutrition – plants have the highest nutrient content and flavor immediately after being harvested.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Conventional produce bought from the grocery store may have been harvested up to two weeks prior.</li>\n<li>Increases fruit and vegetable intake – gardeners consume more of the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables than non-gardeners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improves food security for the household.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduces dependence on sources of food grown with pesticides or herbicides.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Personal Wellness</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases convenience – growing food at home takes some maintenance but encourages the consumption of fresh, healthy foods and can facilitate easy meal preparation.</li>\n<li>Increases exercise and reduce stress – even moderate amounts of gardening can increase muscle strength and endurance as well as contribute to a sense of general well-being. Many gardeners report increased levels of personal satisfaction (see<span> </span><em><i>Active Living</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Provides an opportunity for fun and education – gardening provides learning opportunities for families with children. Growing, caring for, harvesting and cooking foods grown in the home landscape are great ways to teach kids a variety of skills.</li>\n<li>Provides access to unusual varieties of fruits and vegetables that may not be available in your local grocery store.</li>\n<li>Reduces time spent on mowing traditional turf grass in a lawn (see<span> </span><em><i>Turfgrass Reduction</i></em>).</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In a study conducted by the National Gardening Association in 2008, 54% of respondents cited saving money on food bills as the reason for growing edible plants.  On average, households growing food (including vegetables, fruit trees, berries, and herbs) spent only $70 annually on edible plants. The majority (57%) of households growing food did so in gardens 100 square feet or smaller. A production garden, 20′ x 30′, geared towards growing food for consumption can yield an average of 350 pounds of vegetables, valued at over $600 at an initial cost of $70.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Edible landscapes offer the opportunity for homeowners and neighborhoods to grow some of their food, reducing dependency on food supply chains and transportation networks disrupted or compromised due to storms or other events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Oregon State University –<span> </span><em><i>Edible Landscaping</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/metro/sites/default/files/edible_landscaping.pdf\">http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/metro/sites/default/files/edible_landscaping.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 16, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>University of Florida: IFAS Extension. Edible Landscaping.<span> </span><a href=\"http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP14600.pdf\">http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP14600.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Aime Sommerfeld et al. (2011) “Gardening linked to increased vegetable consumption in older adults.” American Society for Horticultural Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110317141428.htm\">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110317141428.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>University of Maryland Extension. Edible Landscaping.<span> </span><a href=\"https://extension.umd.edu/st-marys-county/home-gardening/edible-landscaping\">https://extension.umd.edu/st-marys-county/home-gardening/edible-landscaping</a><span> </span>(accessed November 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Bellows, Anne C., Katherine Brown and Jac Smit. 2003. Health Benefits of Urban Agriculture.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.csu.edu/cerc/researchreports/documents/HealthBenefitsOfUrbanAgriculture2003.pdf\">https://www.csu.edu/cerc/researchreports/documents/HealthBenefitsOfUrbanAgriculture2003.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>National Gardening Association. Edible Landscaping with Charlie Nardozzi.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.garden.org/ediblelandscaping/?page=201003-garden-saves\">http://www.garden.org/ediblelandscaping/?page=201003-garden-saves</a>  (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-soil-test/\">Soil Test</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/residentialagriculture.aspx\">ASLA – Applying Ecological Design: Gardens and Permaculture</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://garden.org/learn/articles/browse/425/Edible-Landscaping-Archive/\">National Gardening Association: Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n<li>New Jersey\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS129\">Planning a Vegetable Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS681\">Varieties for New Jersey Vegetable Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS419\">Selecting Blueberry Varieties for the Home Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs336/\">Lead Contaminated Soil: Minimizing Health Risks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/soil-testing-lab/\">Soil Testing Laboratory</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-335/426-335.html\">Virginia Cooperative Extension, Intensive Gardening Methods</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Edible LandscapingEdible Landscaping','','inherit','closed','closed','','1416-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:38:10','2022-04-04 19:38:10','',1416,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1418',0,'revision','',0),(1419,3,'2022-04-04 19:38:10','2022-04-04 19:38:10','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Edible Landscaping\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Edible Landscaping?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Edible landscaping refers to the practice of incorporating food-producing plants in the landscape. Combine fruit and nut trees, vegetables, herbs, edible flowers and shrubs with berries to create an attractive design that produces fruits and vegetables for home consumption.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Consider including food plants throughout the landscape or residents may wish to dedicate a section of the yard to a vegetable garden. Growing even small amounts of fruits or vegetables encourages healthy eating and sustainable lifestyles protect the environment and give gardeners a sense of personal satisfaction (see<span> </span><em><i>Active Living</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Edible Landscaping</b></strong></h2>\n<p>There are a wide variety of vegetables, fruits, and herbs that grow well in New Jersey’s climate. The following items guide developing a landscape with edible plants.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conduct a soil test in various locations, especially if growing food-producing plants directly in the soil (see<span> </span><em><i>Soil Test</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Consider organic gardening methods especially for edible gardens (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants)</i></em>. Pesticides and fertilizers used in conventional gardening may leave a harmful residue.</li>\n<li>Create a landscaping scrapbook filled with inspirational images. Include edible plants that are aesthetically pleasing as well as images of walkways, walls, fences or other landscape features of interest.</li>\n<li>Consider consulting a landscape professional with expertise in edible crops.</li>\n<li>Know the local climate – for instance, the northwestern and shoreline areas of New Jersey have slightly cooler and warmer year-round climates, respectively, than the rest of the state. Get to know the landscape – note the conditions at various times during the day. Where is it sunny and for how long (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</i></em>)?</li>\n<li>Sketch out a preliminary design.</li>\n<li>Create a mock-up design by using props in the yard. This makes it easier to envision various landscaping elements before installing them.</li>\n<li>Commit the plan to paper – draw a map, use accurate measurements, establish locations, and create a list of elements to install.</li>\n<li>Create a cost estimate based on the plan.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Other tips:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider one-to-one substitutions such as replacing an existing shrub with a fruit-bearing shrub.</li>\n<li>Consider using indoor sunspaces or insulated porches for winter growing.</li>\n<li>Protect fruits and vegetables from being eaten by animals (i.e., deer, gophers, voles) with a fence.</li>\n<li>Choose natural organic repellents that use various smells and tastes to keep pests out of the garden (see<span> </span><em><i>Integrated Pest Management</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Call your County Extension Office for free advice from the county Master Gardener Program.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/county\">njaes.rutgers.edu/county</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Challenges to consider:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Careful planning – like all plants, food-producing plants have specific growing requirements. Most fruit trees and vegetable plants need at least 6 hours of sunlight per day and like well-drained soil. Creating an aesthetically pleasing landscape that incorporates food-producing plants requires planning and design. Plant vegetables or herbs harvested frequently in a garden dedicated solely to production.</li>\n<li>Toxic plants – research plants carefully as some plants contain natural toxins.</li>\n<li>Inputs and maintenance – some food-producing plants may need as much water, fertilizer, pruning, and pest management as a lawn or ornamental plants. For example, vegetables like sweet corn, tomatoes, and melons and fruits such as peaches and apples can be high maintenance crops (see<span> </span><em><i>Water-Efficient Landscaping</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Seasonality – many vegetables are annuals, requiring replanting every year. Plant annuals in an area dedicated solely to production. Incorporate perennials, including herbs, berries or fruit trees into a year-round landscape.</li>\n<li>Harvesting – at the height of a plants production, fruits and vegetables may need to be harvested on a daily basis. Harvest ripe fruit promptly to avoid rot and attracting vermin.</li>\n<li>Cooking and preparation – some highly perishable fruits and vegetables may require quick processing.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>For more specific information see the Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station’s –<span> </span><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs129/\">Planting a Vegetable Garden</a><span> </span>guide.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.fritzhaeg.com/garden/initiatives/edibleestates/nyc-suburbs.html\">Edible Estates – Regional Prototype Garden – Maplewood, NJ</a></p>\n<p>Edible Estates illustrates the conversion of an entire front lawn in Maplewood, NJ to an edible garden. A steep slope surrounding the yard was planted with strawberries, while 15 raised beds include various types of vegetables.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p><u>Economic</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saves money on purchasing food and the seeds and small plants needed to get started are inexpensive and widely available.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Environment</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces energy use and overall pollution associated with the transportation and production of food products.</li>\n<li>Contributes to a diverse and healthy habitat (see<span> </span><em><i>Wildlife Habitat</i></em>).</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Health</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improves nutrition – plants have the highest nutrient content and flavor immediately after being harvested.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Conventional produce bought from the grocery store may have been harvested up to two weeks prior.</li>\n<li>Increases fruit and vegetable intake – gardeners consume more of the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables than non-gardeners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improves food security for the household.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduces dependence on sources of food grown with pesticides or herbicides.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Personal Wellness</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases convenience – growing food at home takes some maintenance but encourages the consumption of fresh, healthy foods and can facilitate easy meal preparation.</li>\n<li>Increases exercise and reduce stress – even moderate amounts of gardening can increase muscle strength and endurance as well as contribute to a sense of general well-being. Many gardeners report increased levels of personal satisfaction (see<span> </span><em><i>Active Living</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Provides an opportunity for fun and education – gardening provides learning opportunities for families with children. Growing, caring for, harvesting and cooking foods grown in the home landscape are great ways to teach kids a variety of skills.</li>\n<li>Provides access to unusual varieties of fruits and vegetables that may not be available in your local grocery store.</li>\n<li>Reduces time spent on mowing traditional turf grass in a lawn (see<span> </span><em><i>Turfgrass Reduction</i></em>).</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In a study conducted by the National Gardening Association in 2008, 54% of respondents cited saving money on food bills as the reason for growing edible plants.  On average, households growing food (including vegetables, fruit trees, berries, and herbs) spent only $70 annually on edible plants. The majority (57%) of households growing food did so in gardens 100 square feet or smaller. A production garden, 20′ x 30′, geared towards growing food for consumption can yield an average of 350 pounds of vegetables, valued at over $600 at an initial cost of $70.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Edible landscapes offer the opportunity for homeowners and neighborhoods to grow some of their food, reducing dependency on food supply chains and transportation networks disrupted or compromised due to storms or other events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Oregon State University –<span> </span><em><i>Edible Landscaping</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/metro/sites/default/files/edible_landscaping.pdf\">http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/metro/sites/default/files/edible_landscaping.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 16, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>University of Florida: IFAS Extension. Edible Landscaping.<span> </span><a href=\"http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP14600.pdf\">http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP14600.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Aime Sommerfeld et al. (2011) “Gardening linked to increased vegetable consumption in older adults.” American Society for Horticultural Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110317141428.htm\">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110317141428.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>University of Maryland Extension. Edible Landscaping.<span> </span><a href=\"https://extension.umd.edu/st-marys-county/home-gardening/edible-landscaping\">https://extension.umd.edu/st-marys-county/home-gardening/edible-landscaping</a><span> </span>(accessed November 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Bellows, Anne C., Katherine Brown and Jac Smit. 2003. Health Benefits of Urban Agriculture.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.csu.edu/cerc/researchreports/documents/HealthBenefitsOfUrbanAgriculture2003.pdf\">https://www.csu.edu/cerc/researchreports/documents/HealthBenefitsOfUrbanAgriculture2003.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>National Gardening Association. Edible Landscaping with Charlie Nardozzi.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.garden.org/ediblelandscaping/?page=201003-garden-saves\">http://www.garden.org/ediblelandscaping/?page=201003-garden-saves</a>  (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-soil-test/\">Soil Test</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/residentialagriculture.aspx\">ASLA – Applying Ecological Design: Gardens and Permaculture</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://garden.org/learn/articles/browse/425/Edible-Landscaping-Archive/\">National Gardening Association: Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n<li>New Jersey\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS129\">Planning a Vegetable Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS681\">Varieties for New Jersey Vegetable Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS419\">Selecting Blueberry Varieties for the Home Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs336/\">Lead Contaminated Soil: Minimizing Health Risks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/soil-testing-lab/\">Soil Testing Laboratory</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-335/426-335.html\">Virginia Cooperative Extension, Intensive Gardening Methods</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Erosion Control','','inherit','closed','closed','','1416-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:38:10','2022-04-04 19:38:10','',1416,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1419',0,'revision','',0),(1420,3,'2022-04-04 19:38:14','2022-04-04 19:38:14','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Edible Landscaping\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Edible Landscaping?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Edible landscaping refers to the practice of incorporating food-producing plants in the landscape. Combine fruit and nut trees, vegetables, herbs, edible flowers and shrubs with berries to create an attractive design that produces fruits and vegetables for home consumption.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Consider including food plants throughout the landscape or residents may wish to dedicate a section of the yard to a vegetable garden. Growing even small amounts of fruits or vegetables encourages healthy eating and sustainable lifestyles protect the environment and give gardeners a sense of personal satisfaction (see<span> </span><em><i>Active Living</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Edible Landscaping</b></strong></h2>\n<p>There are a wide variety of vegetables, fruits, and herbs that grow well in New Jersey’s climate. The following items guide developing a landscape with edible plants.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conduct a soil test in various locations, especially if growing food-producing plants directly in the soil (see<span> </span><em><i>Soil Test</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Consider organic gardening methods especially for edible gardens (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants)</i></em>. Pesticides and fertilizers used in conventional gardening may leave a harmful residue.</li>\n<li>Create a landscaping scrapbook filled with inspirational images. Include edible plants that are aesthetically pleasing as well as images of walkways, walls, fences or other landscape features of interest.</li>\n<li>Consider consulting a landscape professional with expertise in edible crops.</li>\n<li>Know the local climate – for instance, the northwestern and shoreline areas of New Jersey have slightly cooler and warmer year-round climates, respectively, than the rest of the state. Get to know the landscape – note the conditions at various times during the day. Where is it sunny and for how long (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</i></em>)?</li>\n<li>Sketch out a preliminary design.</li>\n<li>Create a mock-up design by using props in the yard. This makes it easier to envision various landscaping elements before installing them.</li>\n<li>Commit the plan to paper – draw a map, use accurate measurements, establish locations, and create a list of elements to install.</li>\n<li>Create a cost estimate based on the plan.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Other tips:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider one-to-one substitutions such as replacing an existing shrub with a fruit-bearing shrub.</li>\n<li>Consider using indoor sunspaces or insulated porches for winter growing.</li>\n<li>Protect fruits and vegetables from being eaten by animals (i.e., deer, gophers, voles) with a fence.</li>\n<li>Choose natural organic repellents that use various smells and tastes to keep pests out of the garden (see<span> </span><em><i>Integrated Pest Management</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Call your County Extension Office for free advice from the county Master Gardener Program.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/county\">njaes.rutgers.edu/county</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Challenges to consider:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Careful planning – like all plants, food-producing plants have specific growing requirements. Most fruit trees and vegetable plants need at least 6 hours of sunlight per day and like well-drained soil. Creating an aesthetically pleasing landscape that incorporates food-producing plants requires planning and design. Plant vegetables or herbs harvested frequently in a garden dedicated solely to production.</li>\n<li>Toxic plants – research plants carefully as some plants contain natural toxins.</li>\n<li>Inputs and maintenance – some food-producing plants may need as much water, fertilizer, pruning, and pest management as a lawn or ornamental plants. For example, vegetables like sweet corn, tomatoes, and melons and fruits such as peaches and apples can be high maintenance crops (see<span> </span><em><i>Water-Efficient Landscaping</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Seasonality – many vegetables are annuals, requiring replanting every year. Plant annuals in an area dedicated solely to production. Incorporate perennials, including herbs, berries or fruit trees into a year-round landscape.</li>\n<li>Harvesting – at the height of a plants production, fruits and vegetables may need to be harvested on a daily basis. Harvest ripe fruit promptly to avoid rot and attracting vermin.</li>\n<li>Cooking and preparation – some highly perishable fruits and vegetables may require quick processing.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>For more specific information see the Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station’s –<span> </span><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs129/\">Planting a Vegetable Garden</a><span> </span>guide.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.fritzhaeg.com/garden/initiatives/edibleestates/nyc-suburbs.html\">Edible Estates – Regional Prototype Garden – Maplewood, NJ</a></p>\n<p>Edible Estates illustrates the conversion of an entire front lawn in Maplewood, NJ to an edible garden. A steep slope surrounding the yard was planted with strawberries, while 15 raised beds include various types of vegetables.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p><u>Economic</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saves money on purchasing food and the seeds and small plants needed to get started are inexpensive and widely available.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Environment</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces energy use and overall pollution associated with the transportation and production of food products.</li>\n<li>Contributes to a diverse and healthy habitat (see<span> </span><em><i>Wildlife Habitat</i></em>).</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Health</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improves nutrition – plants have the highest nutrient content and flavor immediately after being harvested.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Conventional produce bought from the grocery store may have been harvested up to two weeks prior.</li>\n<li>Increases fruit and vegetable intake – gardeners consume more of the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables than non-gardeners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improves food security for the household.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduces dependence on sources of food grown with pesticides or herbicides.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Personal Wellness</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases convenience – growing food at home takes some maintenance but encourages the consumption of fresh, healthy foods and can facilitate easy meal preparation.</li>\n<li>Increases exercise and reduce stress – even moderate amounts of gardening can increase muscle strength and endurance as well as contribute to a sense of general well-being. Many gardeners report increased levels of personal satisfaction (see<span> </span><em><i>Active Living</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Provides an opportunity for fun and education – gardening provides learning opportunities for families with children. Growing, caring for, harvesting and cooking foods grown in the home landscape are great ways to teach kids a variety of skills.</li>\n<li>Provides access to unusual varieties of fruits and vegetables that may not be available in your local grocery store.</li>\n<li>Reduces time spent on mowing traditional turf grass in a lawn (see<span> </span><em><i>Turfgrass Reduction</i></em>).</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In a study conducted by the National Gardening Association in 2008, 54% of respondents cited saving money on food bills as the reason for growing edible plants.  On average, households growing food (including vegetables, fruit trees, berries, and herbs) spent only $70 annually on edible plants. The majority (57%) of households growing food did so in gardens 100 square feet or smaller. A production garden, 20′ x 30′, geared towards growing food for consumption can yield an average of 350 pounds of vegetables, valued at over $600 at an initial cost of $70.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Edible landscapes offer the opportunity for homeowners and neighborhoods to grow some of their food, reducing dependency on food supply chains and transportation networks disrupted or compromised due to storms or other events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Oregon State University –<span> </span><em><i>Edible Landscaping</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/metro/sites/default/files/edible_landscaping.pdf\">http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/metro/sites/default/files/edible_landscaping.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 16, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>University of Florida: IFAS Extension. Edible Landscaping.<span> </span><a href=\"http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP14600.pdf\">http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP14600.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Aime Sommerfeld et al. (2011) “Gardening linked to increased vegetable consumption in older adults.” American Society for Horticultural Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110317141428.htm\">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110317141428.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>University of Maryland Extension. Edible Landscaping.<span> </span><a href=\"https://extension.umd.edu/st-marys-county/home-gardening/edible-landscaping\">https://extension.umd.edu/st-marys-county/home-gardening/edible-landscaping</a><span> </span>(accessed November 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Bellows, Anne C., Katherine Brown and Jac Smit. 2003. Health Benefits of Urban Agriculture.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.csu.edu/cerc/researchreports/documents/HealthBenefitsOfUrbanAgriculture2003.pdf\">https://www.csu.edu/cerc/researchreports/documents/HealthBenefitsOfUrbanAgriculture2003.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>National Gardening Association. Edible Landscaping with Charlie Nardozzi.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.garden.org/ediblelandscaping/?page=201003-garden-saves\">http://www.garden.org/ediblelandscaping/?page=201003-garden-saves</a>  (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-soil-test/\">Soil Test</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/residentialagriculture.aspx\">ASLA – Applying Ecological Design: Gardens and Permaculture</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://garden.org/learn/articles/browse/425/Edible-Landscaping-Archive/\">National Gardening Association: Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n<li>New Jersey\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS129\">Planning a Vegetable Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS681\">Varieties for New Jersey Vegetable Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS419\">Selecting Blueberry Varieties for the Home Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs336/\">Lead Contaminated Soil: Minimizing Health Risks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/soil-testing-lab/\">Soil Testing Laboratory</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-335/426-335.html\">Virginia Cooperative Extension, Intensive Gardening Methods</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Edible LandscapingEdible Landscaping','','inherit','closed','closed','','1416-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:38:14','2022-04-04 19:38:14','',1416,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1420',0,'revision','',0),(1422,3,'2022-04-11 18:12:17','2022-04-11 18:12:17','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Edible Landscaping\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Edible Landscaping?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Edible landscaping refers to the practice of incorporating food-producing plants in the landscape. Combine fruit and nut trees, vegetables, herbs, edible flowers and shrubs with berries to create an attractive design that produces fruits and vegetables for home consumption.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Consider including food plants throughout the landscape or residents may wish to dedicate a section of the yard to a vegetable garden. Growing even small amounts of fruits or vegetables encourages healthy eating and sustainable lifestyles protect the environment and give gardeners a sense of personal satisfaction (see<span> </span><em><i>Active Living</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Edible Landscaping</b></strong></h2>\n<p>There are a wide variety of vegetables, fruits, and herbs that grow well in New Jersey’s climate. The following items guide developing a landscape with edible plants.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conduct a soil test in various locations, especially if growing food-producing plants directly in the soil (see<span> </span><em><i>Soil Test</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Consider organic gardening methods especially for edible gardens (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants)</i></em>. Pesticides and fertilizers used in conventional gardening may leave a harmful residue.</li>\n<li>Create a landscaping scrapbook filled with inspirational images. Include edible plants that are aesthetically pleasing as well as images of walkways, walls, fences or other landscape features of interest.</li>\n<li>Consider consulting a landscape professional with expertise in edible crops.</li>\n<li>Know the local climate – for instance, the northwestern and shoreline areas of New Jersey have slightly cooler and warmer year-round climates, respectively, than the rest of the state. Get to know the landscape – note the conditions at various times during the day. Where is it sunny and for how long (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</i></em>)?</li>\n<li>Sketch out a preliminary design.</li>\n<li>Create a mock-up design by using props in the yard. This makes it easier to envision various landscaping elements before installing them.</li>\n<li>Commit the plan to paper – draw a map, use accurate measurements, establish locations, and create a list of elements to install.</li>\n<li>Create a cost estimate based on the plan.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Other tips:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider one-to-one substitutions such as replacing an existing shrub with a fruit-bearing shrub.</li>\n<li>Consider using indoor sunspaces or insulated porches for winter growing.</li>\n<li>Protect fruits and vegetables from being eaten by animals (i.e., deer, gophers, voles) with a fence.</li>\n<li>Choose natural organic repellents that use various smells and tastes to keep pests out of the garden (see<span> </span><em><i>Integrated Pest Management</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Call your County Extension Office for free advice from the county Master Gardener Program.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/county\">njaes.rutgers.edu/county</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Challenges to consider:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Careful planning – like all plants, food-producing plants have specific growing requirements. Most fruit trees and vegetable plants need at least 6 hours of sunlight per day and like well-drained soil. Creating an aesthetically pleasing landscape that incorporates food-producing plants requires planning and design. Plant vegetables or herbs harvested frequently in a garden dedicated solely to production.</li>\n<li>Toxic plants – research plants carefully as some plants contain natural toxins.</li>\n<li>Inputs and maintenance – some food-producing plants may need as much water, fertilizer, pruning, and pest management as a lawn or ornamental plants. For example, vegetables like sweet corn, tomatoes, and melons and fruits such as peaches and apples can be high maintenance crops (see<span> </span><em><i>Water-Efficient Landscaping</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Seasonality – many vegetables are annuals, requiring replanting every year. Plant annuals in an area dedicated solely to production. Incorporate perennials, including herbs, berries or fruit trees into a year-round landscape.</li>\n<li>Harvesting – at the height of a plants production, fruits and vegetables may need to be harvested on a daily basis. Harvest ripe fruit promptly to avoid rot and attracting vermin.</li>\n<li>Cooking and preparation – some highly perishable fruits and vegetables may require quick processing.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>For more specific information see the Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station’s –<span> </span><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs129/\">Planting a Vegetable Garden</a><span> </span>guide.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.fritzhaeg.com/garden/initiatives/edibleestates/nyc-suburbs.html\">Edible Estates – Regional Prototype Garden – Maplewood, NJ</a></p>\n<p>Edible Estates illustrates the conversion of an entire front lawn in Maplewood, NJ to an edible garden. A steep slope surrounding the yard was planted with strawberries, while 15 raised beds include various types of vegetables.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p><u>Economic</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saves money on purchasing food and the seeds and small plants needed to get started are inexpensive and widely available.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Environment</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces energy use and overall pollution associated with the transportation and production of food products.</li>\n<li>Contributes to a diverse and healthy habitat (see<span> </span><em><i>Wildlife Habitat</i></em>).</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Health</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improves nutrition – plants have the highest nutrient content and flavor immediately after being harvested.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Conventional produce bought from the grocery store may have been harvested up to two weeks prior.</li>\n<li>Increases fruit and vegetable intake – gardeners consume more of the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables than non-gardeners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improves food security for the household.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduces dependence on sources of food grown with pesticides or herbicides.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Personal Wellness</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases convenience – growing food at home takes some maintenance but encourages the consumption of fresh, healthy foods and can facilitate easy meal preparation.</li>\n<li>Increases exercise and reduce stress – even moderate amounts of gardening can increase muscle strength and endurance as well as contribute to a sense of general well-being. Many gardeners report increased levels of personal satisfaction (see<span> </span><em><i>Active Living</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Provides an opportunity for fun and education – gardening provides learning opportunities for families with children. Growing, caring for, harvesting and cooking foods grown in the home landscape are great ways to teach kids a variety of skills.</li>\n<li>Provides access to unusual varieties of fruits and vegetables that may not be available in your local grocery store.</li>\n<li>Reduces time spent on mowing traditional turf grass in a lawn (see<span> </span><em><i>Turfgrass Reduction</i></em>).</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In a study conducted by the National Gardening Association in 2008, 54% of respondents cited saving money on food bills as the reason for growing edible plants.  On average, households growing food (including vegetables, fruit trees, berries, and herbs) spent only $70 annually on edible plants. The majority (57%) of households growing food did so in gardens 100 square feet or smaller. A production garden, 20′ x 30′, geared towards growing food for consumption can yield an average of 350 pounds of vegetables, valued at over $600 at an initial cost of $70.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Edible landscapes offer the opportunity for homeowners and neighborhoods to grow some of their food, reducing dependency on food supply chains and transportation networks disrupted or compromised due to storms or other events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Oregon State University –<span> </span><em><i>Edible Landscaping</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/metro/sites/default/files/edible_landscaping.pdf\">http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/metro/sites/default/files/edible_landscaping.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 16, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>University of Florida: IFAS Extension. Edible Landscaping.<span> </span><a href=\"http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP14600.pdf\">http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP14600.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Aime Sommerfeld et al. (2011) “Gardening linked to increased vegetable consumption in older adults.” American Society for Horticultural Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110317141428.htm\">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110317141428.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>University of Maryland Extension. Edible Landscaping.<span> </span><a href=\"https://extension.umd.edu/st-marys-county/home-gardening/edible-landscaping\">https://extension.umd.edu/st-marys-county/home-gardening/edible-landscaping</a><span> </span>(accessed November 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Bellows, Anne C., Katherine Brown and Jac Smit. 2003. Health Benefits of Urban Agriculture.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.csu.edu/cerc/researchreports/documents/HealthBenefitsOfUrbanAgriculture2003.pdf\">https://www.csu.edu/cerc/researchreports/documents/HealthBenefitsOfUrbanAgriculture2003.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>National Gardening Association. Edible Landscaping with Charlie Nardozzi.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.garden.org/ediblelandscaping/?page=201003-garden-saves\">http://www.garden.org/ediblelandscaping/?page=201003-garden-saves</a>  (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-soil-test/\">Soil Test</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/residentialagriculture.aspx\">ASLA – Applying Ecological Design: Gardens and Permaculture</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://garden.org/learn/articles/browse/425/Edible-Landscaping-Archive/\">National Gardening Association: Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n<li>New Jersey\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS129\">Planning a Vegetable Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS681\">Varieties for New Jersey Vegetable Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS419\">Selecting Blueberry Varieties for the Home Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs336/\">Lead Contaminated Soil: Minimizing Health Risks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/soil-testing-lab/\">Soil Testing Laboratory</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-335/426-335.html\">Virginia Cooperative Extension, Intensive Gardening Methods</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Edible Landscaping','','inherit','closed','closed','','1416-revision-v1','','','2022-04-11 18:12:17','2022-04-11 18:12:17','',1416,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1422',0,'revision','',0),(1423,3,'2022-04-11 18:19:42','2022-04-11 18:19:42','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Wildlife Habitat\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is a Wildlife Habitat?</strong></h2>\n<p><span>Providing wildlife habitat refers to the process of creating a healthy environment with food, water, and shelter for wildlife. In New Jersey, less than half of the state remains undeveloped, and many species have declined because of loss of habitat. Providing wildlife habitat, even in small spaces, can have a positive environmental impact and attract birds, butterflies, beneficial insects, small mammals, reptiles and amphibians.</span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> Providing wildlife habitat around a new home can be as easy as minimizing disturbance of the existing site, or as involved as planting a wildlife-friendly garden (see </span><em>Tree Protection and Placement</em><span>).</span></p>\n<p><span></span></p>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"678\"]<img class=\"wp-image-123 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Wildlife-Habitat-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: Butterfly gardens can be colorful additions to the site’s landscaping. (Source: Wilson’s Garden Center)\" width=\"678\" height=\"510\" /> Figure 1: Butterfly gardens can be colorful additions to the site’s landscaping. (Source: Wilson’s Garden Center)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>How to Provide a Wildlife Habitat</strong></h2>\n<p>When creating wildlife habitat select a wide variety of plants that are suited to the site’s soil, sun exposure, drainage, and space conditions. Whenever possible, incorporate native plants that are beneficial to native wildlife (see <em>Native and Adapted Plants</em>). Resources such as <a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/jersey-friend-plants/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a> offer an easily searchable plant database and plant information.  Just like humans, wildlife needs food, water, and shelter. A diverse palette of berry and seed-bearing plants provide food for local wildlife. Ponds, fountains, or other water features add valuable sources of water for birds and other wildlife. Provide shelter with low-lying shrubs or structures such as bird and bat houses and brush piles offer protection and breeding sites for ground-nesting birds and small mammals. Connect open space on-site to similar open-space habitats off-site to maximize connectivity and safe passage for wildlife and to maintain the connection to the broader ecosystem.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Protect wildlife by minimizing artificial fertilizer and pesticide use. Incorporating native plants and creating a diverse landscape reduces the need for artificial fertilizers and synthetic pesticides needed to maintain a healthy garden.</p>\n<p>See the <a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey</a> for additional suggestions about creating wildlife habitat.</p>\n<p>See below for more specific examples of wildlife habitat creation techniques.</p>\n<p><u>Butterfly Gardens</u></p>\n<p>A butterfly garden attracts butterflies and other pollinators that benefit flowering plants in the area. Place the garden in a sunny area of the yard and include nectar-producing plants to provide a consistent supply of nectar throughout the year. Examples of plants that provide nectar for butterflies include milkweed (Aesclepias sp.), sunflower (Helianthus sp.), and beebalm (Monarda sp.). Plant taller plants or shrubs on one or more sides to provide shelter from the wind.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Slightly fermented fruit slices also attract butterflies to the garden area.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p><u>Deter Problem Animals</u></p>\n<p>Securing access to trash cans and compost decrease the number of non-native and aggressive animals that are attracted to the site.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Native animals are often natural predators of non-native animals and introducing habitat for native animals may help to reduce the number of non-native and aggressive animals present.</p>\n<p><u>Integrated Pest Management</u></p>\n<p>Integrated pest management uses a combination of environmental and social pest controls coupled with the reduced use of chemical pesticides (see <em>Integrated Pest Management strategy</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Additionally, decreased use of broad-spectrum pesticides often increases natural predatory insects which eat the problem insects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p><u>Natural Fertilizers</u></p>\n<p>The production of many commercial chemical fertilizers releases large amounts of carbon dioxide.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Create natural fertilizer by setting up a compost site (see <em>Composting</em>). Combine food scraps such as vegetable peels, coffee grounds, and eggshells with yard debris to create a natural and nutrient-rich fertilizer over time.</p>\n<p><u>Control Light Pollution</u></p>\n<p>Sources of constant artificial light can negatively affect wildlife in addition to attracting unwanted nocturnal insects and animals (see <em>Downlighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Minimize sources of light pollution by reducing the number of extra light sources or installing motion-sensitive lights to protect wildlife.</p>\n<p><u>Provide Habitat for Migratory Bird Flyways</u></p>\n<p>New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway, a designation along the east coast that includes diverse habitats managed to help support migratory birds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Providing shelter, water and food sources for birds year-round supports the survival of migratory birds along the Atlantic seaboard.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/nj/programs/financial/eqip/?cid=stelprdb1265906\">The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resource Conservation Service Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)</a></p>\n<p>The EQIP program offers financial and technical assistance to landowners interested in creating or restoring habitat for endangered or threatened wildlife such as bog turtles and larger habitat types including grasslands, woodlands, and wetlands. The program also supports the planting of pollinator habitats on lots of at least .25 acres. The program reimburses landowners at a rate of 45-90% of the average cost of implementing the specified habitat improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<p>A recent residential subdivision near Easton, Maryland included provisions for wildlife habitat in its design by creating wetlands and protecting forested areas, serving as a model for an alternative subdivision design that preserves open space and enhances wildlife habitats.</p>\n<p>Located on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, the <a href=\"https://cookeshope.com/easton-md-neighborhood-neighborhoods/easton-md-neighborhood-llandaff/\">Cookes Hope at Llandaff</a> development includes 26 residential lots on 284 acres. Developers conducted an initial survey of existing wildlife as well as soil and hydrology studies of the site to determine the best locations for wetland restoration and ponds, preserving forested land and roads and housing.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<p>The nature-based lot design provides water quality benefits for the adjacent creek and new natural habitat to serve as resting sites for migratory birds along the Atlantic Migratory Flyway (Figure 2).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_143\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"816\"]<img class=\"wp-image-143 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Wildlife-Habitat-Fig-2-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 2: New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway for migratory birds. (Source: Treehugger)\" width=\"816\" height=\"712\" /> Figure 2: New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway for migratory birds. (Source: Treehugger)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Benefits of creating a wildlife habitat within a residential development include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increased enjoyment through viewing native animals and insects.</li>\n<li>Environmental education opportunities.</li>\n<li>Increased biodiversity.</li>\n<li>Monetary benefits such as the USDA/NJDFW Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program.</li>\n<li>Decreased reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.</li>\n<li>Increased number of natural pollinators attracted to the region.</li>\n<li>The potential for increased property values due to an increased desire for land with open space that provides habitat for wildlife.</li>\n<li>Increased CO2 absorption.</li>\n<li>Reduction of heat island effect.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of creating a backyard wildlife habitat varies based on the scope of the project and whether or not homeowners use professional labor for the design or planting. Most local home and garden stores or nurseries sell many of the components necessary to build a backyard wildlife habitat.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing wildlife habitat fosters ecological resilience by increasing the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area, which in turn, enhances the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Conserve Wildlife Foundation of NJ. <a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ. Google Books Link: <a href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s\">http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Vera Krischik, University of Minnesota Extension. <em>Creating a Butterfly Garden</em>. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180528024645/http://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/\">https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Walter Reeves. Com. Butterfly Puddle – Building. <a href=\"http://www.walterreeves.com/insects-and-animals/butterfly-puddle-building/\">http://www.walterreeves.com/insects-and-animals/butterfly-puddle-building/</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). <a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1044470.pdf\">https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1044470.pdf</a>  (accessed May 14<sup>th</sup>, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a>  Vera Krischik, University of Minnesota Extension. <em>Creating a Butterfly Garden</em>. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180528024645/http://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/\">https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Beth Mole, Society for Science and the Public, 2014. <a href=\"https://www.sciencenews.org/article/fertilizer-produces-far-more-greenhouse-gas-expected\">https://www.sciencenews.org/article/fertilizer-produces-far-more-greenhouse-gas-expected</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ. Google Books Link: <a href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s\">http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Audubon. Flyways of the Americas.- Atlantic Flyway. <a href=\"https://www.audubon.org/atlantic-flyway\">https://www.audubon.org/atlantic-flyway</a> (accessed November 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service. Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) in New Jersey. <a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/\">https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> The Conservation Fund. A Sustainable Chesapeake: Better Models for Conservation. https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/strategic-conservation-planning/resources/a-sustainable-chesapeake (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-light-pollution-reduction/\">Light Pollution Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\" style=\"font-size: 18px;\"></a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.audubon.org/magazine/july-august-2013/how-create-bird-friendly-yard\">The Audubon Society – How to Create a Bird-Friendly Backyard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bringingnaturehome.net/\">Bringing Nature Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey – Backyard Wildlife Habitats in NJ</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/jersey-friendly-plants/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/animals/resources/sanctuary_program_1.html\">The Humane Society of the United States Urban Wildlife Sanctuary Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nwf.org/en/Garden-for-Wildlife/Create\">The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) – Create a Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/\">New Jersey Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) on the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablesites.org/\">Sustainable SITES Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/programs/financial/\">USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service – Programs &amp; Financial Assistance</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Wildlife Habitat','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-wildlife-habitat','','\nhttps://www.sciencenews.org/article/fertilizer-produces-far-more-greenhouse-gas-expected','2022-06-23 19:05:42','2022-06-23 19:05:42','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1423',0,'post','',0),(1425,3,'2022-04-11 18:19:42','2022-04-11 18:19:42','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Wildlife Habitat\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is a Wildlife Habitat?</strong></h2>\n<p><span>Providing wildlife habitat refers to the process of creating a healthy environment with food, water, and shelter for wildlife. In New Jersey, less than half of the state remains undeveloped, and many species have declined because of loss of habitat. Providing wildlife habitat, even in small spaces, can have a positive environmental impact and attract birds, butterflies, beneficial insects, small mammals, reptiles and amphibians.</span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> Providing wildlife habitat around a new home can be as easy as minimizing disturbance of the existing site, or as involved as planting a wildlife-friendly garden (see </span><em>Tree Protection and Placement</em><span>).</span></p>\n<p><span></span></p>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"678\"]<img class=\"wp-image-123 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Wildlife-Habitat-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: Butterfly gardens can be colorful additions to the site’s landscaping. (Source: Wilson’s Garden Center)\" width=\"678\" height=\"510\" /> Figure 1: Butterfly gardens can be colorful additions to the site’s landscaping. (Source: Wilson’s Garden Center)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>How to Provide a Wildlife Habitat</strong></h2>\n<p>When creating wildlife habitat select a wide variety of plants that are suited to the site’s soil, sun exposure, drainage, and space conditions. Whenever possible, incorporate native plants that are beneficial to native wildlife (see <em>Native and Adapted Plants</em>). Resources such as <a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/jersey-friend-plants/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a> offer an easily searchable plant database and plant information.  Just like humans, wildlife needs food, water, and shelter. A diverse palette of berry and seed-bearing plants provide food for local wildlife. Ponds, fountains, or other water features add valuable sources of water for birds and other wildlife. Provide shelter with low-lying shrubs or structures such as bird and bat houses and brush piles offer protection and breeding sites for ground-nesting birds and small mammals. Connect open space on-site to similar open-space habitats off-site to maximize connectivity and safe passage for wildlife and to maintain the connection to the broader ecosystem.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Protect wildlife by minimizing artificial fertilizer and pesticide use. Incorporating native plants and creating a diverse landscape reduces the need for artificial fertilizers and synthetic pesticides needed to maintain a healthy garden.</p>\n<p>See the <a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey</a> for additional suggestions about creating wildlife habitat.</p>\n<p>See below for more specific examples of wildlife habitat creation techniques.</p>\n<p><u>Butterfly Gardens</u></p>\n<p>A butterfly garden attracts butterflies and other pollinators that benefit flowering plants in the area. Place the garden in a sunny area of the yard and include nectar-producing plants to provide a consistent supply of nectar throughout the year. Examples of plants that provide nectar for butterflies include milkweed (Aesclepias sp.), sunflower (Helianthus sp.), and beebalm (Monarda sp.). Plant taller plants or shrubs on one or more sides to provide shelter from the wind.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Slightly fermented fruit slices also attract butterflies to the garden area.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p><u>Deter Problem Animals</u></p>\n<p>Securing access to trash cans and compost decrease the number of non-native and aggressive animals that are attracted to the site.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Native animals are often natural predators of non-native animals and introducing habitat for native animals may help to reduce the number of non-native and aggressive animals present.</p>\n<p><u>Integrated Pest Management</u></p>\n<p>Integrated pest management uses a combination of environmental and social pest controls coupled with the reduced use of chemical pesticides (see <em>Integrated Pest Management strategy</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Additionally, decreased use of broad-spectrum pesticides often increases natural predatory insects which eat the problem insects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p><u>Natural Fertilizers</u></p>\n<p>The production of many commercial chemical fertilizers releases large amounts of carbon dioxide.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Create natural fertilizer by setting up a compost site (see <em>Composting</em>). Combine food scraps such as vegetable peels, coffee grounds, and eggshells with yard debris to create a natural and nutrient-rich fertilizer over time.</p>\n<p><u>Control Light Pollution</u></p>\n<p>Sources of constant artificial light can negatively affect wildlife in addition to attracting unwanted nocturnal insects and animals (see <em>Downlighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Minimize sources of light pollution by reducing the number of extra light sources or installing motion-sensitive lights to protect wildlife.</p>\n<p><u>Provide Habitat for Migratory Bird Flyways</u></p>\n<p>New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway, a designation along the east coast that includes diverse habitats managed to help support migratory birds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Providing shelter, water and food sources for birds year-round supports the survival of migratory birds along the Atlantic seaboard.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/nj/programs/financial/eqip/?cid=stelprdb1265906\">The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resource Conservation Service Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)</a></p>\n<p>The EQIP program offers financial and technical assistance to landowners interested in creating or restoring habitat for endangered or threatened wildlife such as bog turtles and larger habitat types including grasslands, woodlands, and wetlands. The program also supports the planting of pollinator habitats on lots of at least .25 acres. The program reimburses landowners at a rate of 45-90% of the average cost of implementing the specified habitat improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<p>A recent residential subdivision near Easton, Maryland included provisions for wildlife habitat in its design by creating wetlands and protecting forested areas, serving as a model for an alternative subdivision design that preserves open space and enhances wildlife habitats.</p>\n<p>Located on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, the <a href=\"https://cookeshope.com/easton-md-neighborhood-neighborhoods/easton-md-neighborhood-llandaff/\">Cookes Hope at Llandaff</a> development includes 26 residential lots on 284 acres. Developers conducted an initial survey of existing wildlife as well as soil and hydrology studies of the site to determine the best locations for wetland restoration and ponds, preserving forested land and roads and housing.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<p>The nature-based lot design provides water quality benefits for the adjacent creek and new natural habitat to serve as resting sites for migratory birds along the Atlantic Migratory Flyway (Figure 2).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_143\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"816\"]<img class=\"wp-image-143 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Wildlife-Habitat-Fig-2-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 2: New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway for migratory birds. (Source: Treehugger)\" width=\"816\" height=\"712\" /> Figure 2: New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway for migratory birds. (Source: Treehugger)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Benefits of creating a wildlife habitat within a residential development include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increased enjoyment through viewing native animals and insects.</li>\n<li>Environmental education opportunities.</li>\n<li>Increased biodiversity.</li>\n<li>Monetary benefits such as the USDA/NJDFW Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program.</li>\n<li>Decreased reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.</li>\n<li>Increased number of natural pollinators attracted to the region.</li>\n<li>The potential for increased property values due to an increased desire for land with open space that provides habitat for wildlife.</li>\n<li>Increased CO2 absorption.</li>\n<li>Reduction of heat island effect.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of creating a backyard wildlife habitat varies based on the scope of the project and whether or not homeowners use professional labor for the design or planting. Most local home and garden stores or nurseries sell many of the components necessary to build a backyard wildlife habitat.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing wildlife habitat fosters ecological resilience by increasing the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area, which in turn, enhances the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Conserve Wildlife Foundation of NJ. <a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ. Google Books Link: <a href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s\">http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Vera Krischik, University of Minnesota Extension. <em>Creating a Butterfly Garden</em>. <a href=\"https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/\">https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Walter Reeves. Com. Butterfly Puddle – Building. <a href=\"http://www.walterreeves.com/insects-and-animals/butterfly-puddle-building/\">http://www.walterreeves.com/insects-and-animals/butterfly-puddle-building/</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). <a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1044470.pdf\">https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1044470.pdf</a>  (accessed May 14<sup>th</sup>, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a>  Vera Krischik, University of Minnesota Extension. <em>Creating a Butterfly Garden</em>. <a href=\"https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/\">https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Beth Mole, Society for Science and the Public, 2014. <a href=\"https://www.sciencenews.org/article/fertilizer-produces-far-more-greenhouse-gas-expected\">https://www.sciencenews.org/article/fertilizer-produces-far-more-greenhouse-gas-expected</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ. Google Books Link: <a href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s\">http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Audubon. Flyways of the Americas.- Atlantic Flyway. <a href=\"https://www.audubon.org/atlantic-flyway\">https://www.audubon.org/atlantic-flyway</a> (accessed November 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service. Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) in New Jersey. <a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/\">https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> The Conservation Fund. A Sustainable Chesapeake: Better Models for Conservation. https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/strategic-conservation-planning/resources/a-sustainable-chesapeake (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-light-pollution-reduction/\">Light Pollution Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\" style=\"font-size: 18px;\"></a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.audubon.org/magazine/july-august-2013/how-create-bird-friendly-yard\">The Audubon Society – How to Create a Bird-Friendly Backyard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bringingnaturehome.net/\">Bringing Nature Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey – Backyard Wildlife Habitats in NJ</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/jersey-friendly-plants/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/animals/resources/sanctuary_program_1.html\">The Humane Society of the United States Urban Wildlife Sanctuary Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nwf.org/en/Garden-for-Wildlife/Create\">The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) – Create a Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/\">New Jersey Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) on the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablesites.org/\">Sustainable SITES Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/programs/financial/\">USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service – Programs &amp; Financial Assistance</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Wildlife Habitat','','inherit','closed','closed','','1423-revision-v1','','','2022-04-11 18:19:42','2022-04-11 18:19:42','',1423,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1425',0,'revision','',0),(1426,3,'2022-04-11 18:19:42','2022-04-11 18:19:42','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Wildlife Habitat\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is a Wildlife Habitat?</strong></h2>\n<p><span>Providing wildlife habitat refers to the process of creating a healthy environment with food, water, and shelter for wildlife. In New Jersey, less than half of the state remains undeveloped, and many species have declined because of loss of habitat. Providing wildlife habitat, even in small spaces, can have a positive environmental impact and attract birds, butterflies, beneficial insects, small mammals, reptiles and amphibians.</span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> Providing wildlife habitat around a new home can be as easy as minimizing disturbance of the existing site, or as involved as planting a wildlife-friendly garden (see </span><em>Tree Protection and Placement</em><span>).</span></p>\n<p><span></span></p>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"678\"]<img class=\"wp-image-123 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Wildlife-Habitat-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: Butterfly gardens can be colorful additions to the site’s landscaping. (Source: Wilson’s Garden Center)\" width=\"678\" height=\"510\" /> Figure 1: Butterfly gardens can be colorful additions to the site’s landscaping. (Source: Wilson’s Garden Center)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>How to Provide a Wildlife Habitat</strong></h2>\n<p>When creating wildlife habitat select a wide variety of plants that are suited to the site’s soil, sun exposure, drainage, and space conditions. Whenever possible, incorporate native plants that are beneficial to native wildlife (see <em>Native and Adapted Plants</em>). Resources such as <a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/jersey-friend-plants/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a> offer an easily searchable plant database and plant information.  Just like humans, wildlife needs food, water, and shelter. A diverse palette of berry and seed-bearing plants provide food for local wildlife. Ponds, fountains, or other water features add valuable sources of water for birds and other wildlife. Provide shelter with low-lying shrubs or structures such as bird and bat houses and brush piles offer protection and breeding sites for ground-nesting birds and small mammals. Connect open space on-site to similar open-space habitats off-site to maximize connectivity and safe passage for wildlife and to maintain the connection to the broader ecosystem.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Protect wildlife by minimizing artificial fertilizer and pesticide use. Incorporating native plants and creating a diverse landscape reduces the need for artificial fertilizers and synthetic pesticides needed to maintain a healthy garden.</p>\n<p>See the <a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey</a> for additional suggestions about creating wildlife habitat.</p>\n<p>See below for more specific examples of wildlife habitat creation techniques.</p>\n<p><u>Butterfly Gardens</u></p>\n<p>A butterfly garden attracts butterflies and other pollinators that benefit flowering plants in the area. Place the garden in a sunny area of the yard and include nectar-producing plants to provide a consistent supply of nectar throughout the year. Examples of plants that provide nectar for butterflies include milkweed (Aesclepias sp.), sunflower (Helianthus sp.), and beebalm (Monarda sp.). Plant taller plants or shrubs on one or more sides to provide shelter from the wind.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Slightly fermented fruit slices also attract butterflies to the garden area.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p><u>Deter Problem Animals</u></p>\n<p>Securing access to trash cans and compost decrease the number of non-native and aggressive animals that are attracted to the site.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Native animals are often natural predators of non-native animals and introducing habitat for native animals may help to reduce the number of non-native and aggressive animals present.</p>\n<p><u>Integrated Pest Management</u></p>\n<p>Integrated pest management uses a combination of environmental and social pest controls coupled with the reduced use of chemical pesticides (see <em>Integrated Pest Management strategy</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Additionally, decreased use of broad-spectrum pesticides often increases natural predatory insects which eat the problem insects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p><u>Natural Fertilizers</u></p>\n<p>The production of many commercial chemical fertilizers releases large amounts of carbon dioxide.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Create natural fertilizer by setting up a compost site (see <em>Composting</em>). Combine food scraps such as vegetable peels, coffee grounds, and eggshells with yard debris to create a natural and nutrient-rich fertilizer over time.</p>\n<p><u>Control Light Pollution</u></p>\n<p>Sources of constant artificial light can negatively affect wildlife in addition to attracting unwanted nocturnal insects and animals (see <em>Downlighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Minimize sources of light pollution by reducing the number of extra light sources or installing motion-sensitive lights to protect wildlife.</p>\n<p><u>Provide Habitat for Migratory Bird Flyways</u></p>\n<p>New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway, a designation along the east coast that includes diverse habitats managed to help support migratory birds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Providing shelter, water and food sources for birds year-round supports the survival of migratory birds along the Atlantic seaboard.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/nj/programs/financial/eqip/?cid=stelprdb1265906\">The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resource Conservation Service Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)</a></p>\n<p>The EQIP program offers financial and technical assistance to landowners interested in creating or restoring habitat for endangered or threatened wildlife such as bog turtles and larger habitat types including grasslands, woodlands, and wetlands. The program also supports the planting of pollinator habitats on lots of at least .25 acres. The program reimburses landowners at a rate of 45-90% of the average cost of implementing the specified habitat improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<p>A recent residential subdivision near Easton, Maryland included provisions for wildlife habitat in its design by creating wetlands and protecting forested areas, serving as a model for an alternative subdivision design that preserves open space and enhances wildlife habitats.</p>\n<p>Located on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, the <a href=\"https://cookeshope.com/easton-md-neighborhood-neighborhoods/easton-md-neighborhood-llandaff/\">Cookes Hope at Llandaff</a> development includes 26 residential lots on 284 acres. Developers conducted an initial survey of existing wildlife as well as soil and hydrology studies of the site to determine the best locations for wetland restoration and ponds, preserving forested land and roads and housing.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<p>The nature-based lot design provides water quality benefits for the adjacent creek and new natural habitat to serve as resting sites for migratory birds along the Atlantic Migratory Flyway (Figure 2).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_143\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"816\"]<img class=\"wp-image-143 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Wildlife-Habitat-Fig-2-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 2: New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway for migratory birds. (Source: Treehugger)\" width=\"816\" height=\"712\" /> Figure 2: New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway for migratory birds. (Source: Treehugger)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Benefits of creating a wildlife habitat within a residential development include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increased enjoyment through viewing native animals and insects.</li>\n<li>Environmental education opportunities.</li>\n<li>Increased biodiversity.</li>\n<li>Monetary benefits such as the USDA/NJDFW Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program.</li>\n<li>Decreased reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.</li>\n<li>Increased number of natural pollinators attracted to the region.</li>\n<li>The potential for increased property values due to an increased desire for land with open space that provides habitat for wildlife.</li>\n<li>Increased CO2 absorption.</li>\n<li>Reduction of heat island effect.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of creating a backyard wildlife habitat varies based on the scope of the project and whether or not homeowners use professional labor for the design or planting. Most local home and garden stores or nurseries sell many of the components necessary to build a backyard wildlife habitat.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing wildlife habitat fosters ecological resilience by increasing the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area, which in turn, enhances the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Conserve Wildlife Foundation of NJ. <a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ. Google Books Link: <a href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s\">http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Vera Krischik, University of Minnesota Extension. <em>Creating a Butterfly Garden</em>. <a href=\"https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/\">https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Walter Reeves. Com. Butterfly Puddle – Building. <a href=\"http://www.walterreeves.com/insects-and-animals/butterfly-puddle-building/\">http://www.walterreeves.com/insects-and-animals/butterfly-puddle-building/</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). <a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1044470.pdf\">https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1044470.pdf</a>  (accessed May 14<sup>th</sup>, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a>  Vera Krischik, University of Minnesota Extension. <em>Creating a Butterfly Garden</em>. <a href=\"https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/\">https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Beth Mole, Society for Science and the Public, 2014. <a href=\"https://www.sciencenews.org/article/fertilizer-produces-far-more-greenhouse-gas-expected\">https://www.sciencenews.org/article/fertilizer-produces-far-more-greenhouse-gas-expected</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ. Google Books Link: <a href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s\">http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Audubon. Flyways of the Americas.- Atlantic Flyway. <a href=\"https://www.audubon.org/atlantic-flyway\">https://www.audubon.org/atlantic-flyway</a> (accessed November 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service. Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) in New Jersey. <a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/\">https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> The Conservation Fund. A Sustainable Chesapeake: Better Models for Conservation. https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/strategic-conservation-planning/resources/a-sustainable-chesapeake (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-light-pollution-reduction/\">Light Pollution Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\" style=\"font-size: 18px;\"></a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.audubon.org/magazine/july-august-2013/how-create-bird-friendly-yard\">The Audubon Society – How to Create a Bird-Friendly Backyard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bringingnaturehome.net/\">Bringing Nature Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey – Backyard Wildlife Habitats in NJ</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/jersey-friendly-plants/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/animals/resources/sanctuary_program_1.html\">The Humane Society of the United States Urban Wildlife Sanctuary Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nwf.org/en/Garden-for-Wildlife/Create\">The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) – Create a Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/\">New Jersey Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) on the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablesites.org/\">Sustainable SITES Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/programs/financial/\">USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service – Programs &amp; Financial Assistance</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Edible Landscaping','','inherit','closed','closed','','1423-revision-v1','','','2022-04-11 18:19:42','2022-04-11 18:19:42','',1423,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1426',0,'revision','',0),(1427,3,'2022-04-11 18:19:46','2022-04-11 18:19:46','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Wildlife Habitat\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is a Wildlife Habitat?</strong></h2>\n<p><span>Providing wildlife habitat refers to the process of creating a healthy environment with food, water, and shelter for wildlife. In New Jersey, less than half of the state remains undeveloped, and many species have declined because of loss of habitat. Providing wildlife habitat, even in small spaces, can have a positive environmental impact and attract birds, butterflies, beneficial insects, small mammals, reptiles and amphibians.</span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> Providing wildlife habitat around a new home can be as easy as minimizing disturbance of the existing site, or as involved as planting a wildlife-friendly garden (see </span><em>Tree Protection and Placement</em><span>).</span></p>\n<p><span></span></p>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_123\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"678\"]<img class=\"wp-image-123 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Wildlife-Habitat-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: Butterfly gardens can be colorful additions to the site’s landscaping. (Source: Wilson’s Garden Center)\" width=\"678\" height=\"510\" /> Figure 1: Butterfly gardens can be colorful additions to the site’s landscaping. (Source: Wilson’s Garden Center)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>How to Provide a Wildlife Habitat</strong></h2>\n<p>When creating wildlife habitat select a wide variety of plants that are suited to the site’s soil, sun exposure, drainage, and space conditions. Whenever possible, incorporate native plants that are beneficial to native wildlife (see <em>Native and Adapted Plants</em>). Resources such as <a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/jersey-friend-plants/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a> offer an easily searchable plant database and plant information.  Just like humans, wildlife needs food, water, and shelter. A diverse palette of berry and seed-bearing plants provide food for local wildlife. Ponds, fountains, or other water features add valuable sources of water for birds and other wildlife. Provide shelter with low-lying shrubs or structures such as bird and bat houses and brush piles offer protection and breeding sites for ground-nesting birds and small mammals. Connect open space on-site to similar open-space habitats off-site to maximize connectivity and safe passage for wildlife and to maintain the connection to the broader ecosystem.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Protect wildlife by minimizing artificial fertilizer and pesticide use. Incorporating native plants and creating a diverse landscape reduces the need for artificial fertilizers and synthetic pesticides needed to maintain a healthy garden.</p>\n<p>See the <a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey</a> for additional suggestions about creating wildlife habitat.</p>\n<p>See below for more specific examples of wildlife habitat creation techniques.</p>\n<p><u>Butterfly Gardens</u></p>\n<p>A butterfly garden attracts butterflies and other pollinators that benefit flowering plants in the area. Place the garden in a sunny area of the yard and include nectar-producing plants to provide a consistent supply of nectar throughout the year. Examples of plants that provide nectar for butterflies include milkweed (Aesclepias sp.), sunflower (Helianthus sp.), and beebalm (Monarda sp.). Plant taller plants or shrubs on one or more sides to provide shelter from the wind.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Slightly fermented fruit slices also attract butterflies to the garden area.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p><u>Deter Problem Animals</u></p>\n<p>Securing access to trash cans and compost decrease the number of non-native and aggressive animals that are attracted to the site.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Native animals are often natural predators of non-native animals and introducing habitat for native animals may help to reduce the number of non-native and aggressive animals present.</p>\n<p><u>Integrated Pest Management</u></p>\n<p>Integrated pest management uses a combination of environmental and social pest controls coupled with the reduced use of chemical pesticides (see <em>Integrated Pest Management strategy</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Additionally, decreased use of broad-spectrum pesticides often increases natural predatory insects which eat the problem insects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p><u>Natural Fertilizers</u></p>\n<p>The production of many commercial chemical fertilizers releases large amounts of carbon dioxide.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Create natural fertilizer by setting up a compost site (see <em>Composting</em>). Combine food scraps such as vegetable peels, coffee grounds, and eggshells with yard debris to create a natural and nutrient-rich fertilizer over time.</p>\n<p><u>Control Light Pollution</u></p>\n<p>Sources of constant artificial light can negatively affect wildlife in addition to attracting unwanted nocturnal insects and animals (see <em>Downlighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Minimize sources of light pollution by reducing the number of extra light sources or installing motion-sensitive lights to protect wildlife.</p>\n<p><u>Provide Habitat for Migratory Bird Flyways</u></p>\n<p>New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway, a designation along the east coast that includes diverse habitats managed to help support migratory birds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Providing shelter, water and food sources for birds year-round supports the survival of migratory birds along the Atlantic seaboard.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/nj/programs/financial/eqip/?cid=stelprdb1265906\">The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resource Conservation Service Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)</a></p>\n<p>The EQIP program offers financial and technical assistance to landowners interested in creating or restoring habitat for endangered or threatened wildlife such as bog turtles and larger habitat types including grasslands, woodlands, and wetlands. The program also supports the planting of pollinator habitats on lots of at least .25 acres. The program reimburses landowners at a rate of 45-90% of the average cost of implementing the specified habitat improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<p>A recent residential subdivision near Easton, Maryland included provisions for wildlife habitat in its design by creating wetlands and protecting forested areas, serving as a model for an alternative subdivision design that preserves open space and enhances wildlife habitats.</p>\n<p>Located on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, the <a href=\"https://cookeshope.com/easton-md-neighborhood-neighborhoods/easton-md-neighborhood-llandaff/\">Cookes Hope at Llandaff</a> development includes 26 residential lots on 284 acres. Developers conducted an initial survey of existing wildlife as well as soil and hydrology studies of the site to determine the best locations for wetland restoration and ponds, preserving forested land and roads and housing.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<p>The nature-based lot design provides water quality benefits for the adjacent creek and new natural habitat to serve as resting sites for migratory birds along the Atlantic Migratory Flyway (Figure 2).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_143\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"816\"]<img class=\"wp-image-143 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Wildlife-Habitat-Fig-2-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 2: New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway for migratory birds. (Source: Treehugger)\" width=\"816\" height=\"712\" /> Figure 2: New Jersey lies along the Atlantic Flyway for migratory birds. (Source: Treehugger)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Benefits of creating a wildlife habitat within a residential development include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increased enjoyment through viewing native animals and insects.</li>\n<li>Environmental education opportunities.</li>\n<li>Increased biodiversity.</li>\n<li>Monetary benefits such as the USDA/NJDFW Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program.</li>\n<li>Decreased reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.</li>\n<li>Increased number of natural pollinators attracted to the region.</li>\n<li>The potential for increased property values due to an increased desire for land with open space that provides habitat for wildlife.</li>\n<li>Increased CO2 absorption.</li>\n<li>Reduction of heat island effect.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of creating a backyard wildlife habitat varies based on the scope of the project and whether or not homeowners use professional labor for the design or planting. Most local home and garden stores or nurseries sell many of the components necessary to build a backyard wildlife habitat.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing wildlife habitat fosters ecological resilience by increasing the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area, which in turn, enhances the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Conserve Wildlife Foundation of NJ. <a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ. Google Books Link: <a href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s\">http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Vera Krischik, University of Minnesota Extension. <em>Creating a Butterfly Garden</em>. <a href=\"https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/\">https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Walter Reeves. Com. Butterfly Puddle – Building. <a href=\"http://www.walterreeves.com/insects-and-animals/butterfly-puddle-building/\">http://www.walterreeves.com/insects-and-animals/butterfly-puddle-building/</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). <a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1044470.pdf\">https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1044470.pdf</a>  (accessed May 14<sup>th</sup>, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a>  Vera Krischik, University of Minnesota Extension. <em>Creating a Butterfly Garden</em>. <a href=\"https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/\">https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/landscaping/butterfly-gardening/creating-a-butterfly-garden/</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Beth Mole, Society for Science and the Public, 2014. <a href=\"https://www.sciencenews.org/article/fertilizer-produces-far-more-greenhouse-gas-expected\">https://www.sciencenews.org/article/fertilizer-produces-far-more-greenhouse-gas-expected</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Hopper, Leonard J. 2007. <u>Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards</u>. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ. Google Books Link: <a href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s\">http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&amp;dq=minimize+building+footprint+to+reduce+site+disturbance&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s</a> (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Audubon. Flyways of the Americas.- Atlantic Flyway. <a href=\"https://www.audubon.org/atlantic-flyway\">https://www.audubon.org/atlantic-flyway</a> (accessed November 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service. Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) in New Jersey. <a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/\">https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/</a>  (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> The Conservation Fund. A Sustainable Chesapeake: Better Models for Conservation. https://www.conservationfund.org/our-work/strategic-conservation-planning/resources/a-sustainable-chesapeake (accessed May 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-light-pollution-reduction/\">Light Pollution Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\" style=\"font-size: 18px;\"></a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.audubon.org/magazine/july-august-2013/how-create-bird-friendly-yard\">The Audubon Society – How to Create a Bird-Friendly Backyard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bringingnaturehome.net/\">Bringing Nature Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/protecting/backyard/\">Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey – Backyard Wildlife Habitats in NJ</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/jersey-friendly-plants/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/animals/resources/sanctuary_program_1.html\">The Humane Society of the United States Urban Wildlife Sanctuary Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nwf.org/en/Garden-for-Wildlife/Create\">The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) – Create a Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/nj/programs/financial/eqip/\">New Jersey Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) on the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablesites.org/\">Sustainable SITES Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/programs/financial/\">USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service – Programs &amp; Financial Assistance</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Wildlife Habitat','','inherit','closed','closed','','1423-revision-v1','','','2022-04-11 18:19:46','2022-04-11 18:19:46','',1423,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1427',0,'revision','',0),