(1318,3,'2022-03-30 22:38:48','2022-03-30 22:38:48','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Power\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Power?</strong></h2>\n<p>Green power refers to renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit including electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, some forms of biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources (i.e., do not impact land use and fisheries).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Homes get their power from a mix of energy sources with varying levels of environmental impacts and benefits (see Figure 1). Electricity generated from coal, nuclear, oil, natural gas, wind, and solar all goes to the same grid (see Figure 2). Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) represent 1 MWh of renewable electricity generation and provide proof of the electricity generated by green power.</p>\n<p>Energy-efficient single-family homes that are not ideally suited for on-site renewable energy generation can voluntarily choose to switch to green energy or purchase RECs to help offset their home’s environmental and carbon footprints.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_252\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1390\"]<img class=\"wp-image-252 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).\" width=\"1390\" height=\"848\" /> Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_207\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1388\"]<img class=\"wp-image-207 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).\" width=\"1388\" height=\"634\" /> Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Purchase Green Energy</strong></h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act (EDECA) of 1999 (N.J.S.A. 48:3-49) separated the supply portion of the electric rate from the delivery portion, providing the consumer the opportunity to select among third-party electricity suppliers licensed by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU). Consumers can make decisions on a variety of factors including cost or energy efficiency and sources of electricity generation (e.g., nuclear, natural gas, oil, solar).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Through the purchase of green power, a home does not necessarily receive renewable energy directly, but instead, the purchase of renewable energy increases the percentage that renewable sources (e.g., solar and wind) that contribute to power production within the region. Table 1 lists various ways to purchase green energy.</p>\n<p>Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><img class=\"wp-image-430 aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).\" width=\"1174\" height=\"962\" /></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Residential electricity consumers may choose to purchase RECs, contract with a green energy supplier or participate in a utility-sponsored green energy program. Green power products and programs often require customers to pay a premium over the standard electric price in return for green power (i.e., electricity bundled with RECs) but the utility continues to provide the electric transmission and distribution in the same way as a regular electric customer.</p>\n<p>Note that green power supply options depend on available renewable energy resources and projects, and state and utility policies and programs. Check with your utility provider for available programs and current incentives. Other options include Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) that directly support specific renewable energy projects.</p>\n<p>The decision to purchase green power involves identifying and comparing green power options among verified, third-party certified green power providers that meet nationally-accepted standards for product quality. At this time, the<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a><span> </span>is the only organization that certifies and independently verifies green power products in the United States.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Conventional electricity relies on fossil fuels and produces significant air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Green power provides the following environmental benefits:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supports renewable energy resource and technology development either directly through PPAs and bundled green power products or indirectly through RECs.</li>\n<li>Reduces a home’s carbon footprint associated with electricity consumption.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.communityenergyinc.com/projects/new-jersey-solar\">Jacobstown Solar Farm, Burlington County, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Jacobstown Solar project, by Community Energy, Inc., provides green power to the Jersey Central Power &amp; Light (JCP&amp;L) regional electric grid and helps farmland preservation in the area by providing a source of local revenue. Landscaping on the site matches the rural surroundings and plantings of low mow turf grass reduce stormwater runoff and improve soil conditions for future agricultural uses. When NJ homeowners choose to purchase green power, they support solar companies like Community Energy, Inc. and projects like the Jacobstown Solar Farm, that provide local sources of renewable energy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>While a switch to green power does not require any upfront capital costs, currently there exists a cost premium for green power of about 2 to 4 cents per kWh.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Prices for green power vary also depending on a variety of factors, including:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supply and demand variability</li>\n<li>Product type (e.g., RECs, PPAs, utility or competitive green power products)</li>\n<li>Purchase volume (e.g., total kilowatt-hours)</li>\n<li>Contract length (e.g., short- or long-term)</li>\n<li>Resource and technology type (e.g., solar, wind)</li>\n<li>Geography (e.g., local versus national)</li>\n<li>Certification and verification status</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A switch to green power provides resiliency benefits by helping to diversify and strengthen the electric power grid through the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar and by supporting local renewable energy generators and distributed renewable energy (DER) projects.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Green Power Partnership. “What is Green Power?”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>State of New Jersey. NJ Power Switch. Know Your Rights.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/\">https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Green Power Partnership. Green Power Benefits.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Residential Electric Default rates or Basic Generation Service (BGS) ratesfor NJ.    <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.electricrate.com/\">https://www.electricrate.com</a><span> </span>(accessed April 9, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal-heat-pumps/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Small Wind Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/\">Solar Thermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.bpu.state.nj.us/bpu/index.shtml\">NJ Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/\">NJ Power Switch</a></li>\n<li>New Jersey Energy Delivery Companies (EDCs)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.atlanticcityelectric.com/Pages/default.aspx\">Atlantic City Electric Company</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/content/customer/jersey_central_power_light.html\">JCP&amp;L</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en\">Rockland Electric</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.pseg.com/\">PSE&amp;G</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/switch-green-power\">US EPA – Switch to Green Power</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Green Power','','inherit','closed','closed','','1316-revision-v1','','','2022-03-30 22:38:48','2022-03-30 22:38:48','',1316,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1318',0,'revision','',0),(1319,3,'2022-03-30 22:38:48','2022-03-30 22:38:48','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Power\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Power?</strong></h2>\n<p>Green power refers to renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit including electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, some forms of biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources (i.e., do not impact land use and fisheries).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Homes get their power from a mix of energy sources with varying levels of environmental impacts and benefits (see Figure 1). Electricity generated from coal, nuclear, oil, natural gas, wind, and solar all goes to the same grid (see Figure 2). Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) represent 1 MWh of renewable electricity generation and provide proof of the electricity generated by green power.</p>\n<p>Energy-efficient single-family homes that are not ideally suited for on-site renewable energy generation can voluntarily choose to switch to green energy or purchase RECs to help offset their home’s environmental and carbon footprints.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_252\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1390\"]<img class=\"wp-image-252 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).\" width=\"1390\" height=\"848\" /> Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_207\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1388\"]<img class=\"wp-image-207 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).\" width=\"1388\" height=\"634\" /> Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Purchase Green Energy</strong></h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act (EDECA) of 1999 (N.J.S.A. 48:3-49) separated the supply portion of the electric rate from the delivery portion, providing the consumer the opportunity to select among third-party electricity suppliers licensed by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU). Consumers can make decisions on a variety of factors including cost or energy efficiency and sources of electricity generation (e.g., nuclear, natural gas, oil, solar).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Through the purchase of green power, a home does not necessarily receive renewable energy directly, but instead, the purchase of renewable energy increases the percentage that renewable sources (e.g., solar and wind) that contribute to power production within the region. Table 1 lists various ways to purchase green energy.</p>\n<p>Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><img class=\"wp-image-430 aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).\" width=\"1174\" height=\"962\" /></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Residential electricity consumers may choose to purchase RECs, contract with a green energy supplier or participate in a utility-sponsored green energy program. Green power products and programs often require customers to pay a premium over the standard electric price in return for green power (i.e., electricity bundled with RECs) but the utility continues to provide the electric transmission and distribution in the same way as a regular electric customer.</p>\n<p>Note that green power supply options depend on available renewable energy resources and projects, and state and utility policies and programs. Check with your utility provider for available programs and current incentives. Other options include Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) that directly support specific renewable energy projects.</p>\n<p>The decision to purchase green power involves identifying and comparing green power options among verified, third-party certified green power providers that meet nationally-accepted standards for product quality. At this time, the<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a><span> </span>is the only organization that certifies and independently verifies green power products in the United States.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Conventional electricity relies on fossil fuels and produces significant air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Green power provides the following environmental benefits:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supports renewable energy resource and technology development either directly through PPAs and bundled green power products or indirectly through RECs.</li>\n<li>Reduces a home’s carbon footprint associated with electricity consumption.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.communityenergyinc.com/projects/new-jersey-solar\">Jacobstown Solar Farm, Burlington County, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Jacobstown Solar project, by Community Energy, Inc., provides green power to the Jersey Central Power &amp; Light (JCP&amp;L) regional electric grid and helps farmland preservation in the area by providing a source of local revenue. Landscaping on the site matches the rural surroundings and plantings of low mow turf grass reduce stormwater runoff and improve soil conditions for future agricultural uses. When NJ homeowners choose to purchase green power, they support solar companies like Community Energy, Inc. and projects like the Jacobstown Solar Farm, that provide local sources of renewable energy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>While a switch to green power does not require any upfront capital costs, currently there exists a cost premium for green power of about 2 to 4 cents per kWh.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Prices for green power vary also depending on a variety of factors, including:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supply and demand variability</li>\n<li>Product type (e.g., RECs, PPAs, utility or competitive green power products)</li>\n<li>Purchase volume (e.g., total kilowatt-hours)</li>\n<li>Contract length (e.g., short- or long-term)</li>\n<li>Resource and technology type (e.g., solar, wind)</li>\n<li>Geography (e.g., local versus national)</li>\n<li>Certification and verification status</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A switch to green power provides resiliency benefits by helping to diversify and strengthen the electric power grid through the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar and by supporting local renewable energy generators and distributed renewable energy (DER) projects.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Green Power Partnership. “What is Green Power?”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>State of New Jersey. NJ Power Switch. Know Your Rights.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/\">https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Green Power Partnership. Green Power Benefits.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Residential Electric Default rates or Basic Generation Service (BGS) ratesfor NJ.    <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.electricrate.com/\">https://www.electricrate.com</a><span> </span>(accessed April 9, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal-heat-pumps/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Small Wind Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/\">Solar Thermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.bpu.state.nj.us/bpu/index.shtml\">NJ Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/\">NJ Power Switch</a></li>\n<li>New Jersey Energy Delivery Companies (EDCs)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.atlanticcityelectric.com/Pages/default.aspx\">Atlantic City Electric Company</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/content/customer/jersey_central_power_light.html\">JCP&amp;L</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en\">Rockland Electric</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.pseg.com/\">PSE&amp;G</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/switch-green-power\">US EPA – Switch to Green Power</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Geothermal Heat Pumps','','inherit','closed','closed','','1316-revision-v1','','','2022-03-30 22:38:48','2022-03-30 22:38:48','',1316,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1319',0,'revision','',0),(1320,3,'2022-03-30 22:38:51','2022-03-30 22:38:51','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Power\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Power?</strong></h2>\n<p>Green power refers to renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit including electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, some forms of biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources (i.e., do not impact land use and fisheries).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Homes get their power from a mix of energy sources with varying levels of environmental impacts and benefits (see Figure 1). Electricity generated from coal, nuclear, oil, natural gas, wind, and solar all goes to the same grid (see Figure 2). Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) represent 1 MWh of renewable electricity generation and provide proof of the electricity generated by green power.</p>\n<p>Energy-efficient single-family homes that are not ideally suited for on-site renewable energy generation can voluntarily choose to switch to green energy or purchase RECs to help offset their home’s environmental and carbon footprints.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_252\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1390\"]<img class=\"wp-image-252 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).\" width=\"1390\" height=\"848\" /> Figure 1 – Different types of energy resources based on their relative environmental benefits (Source: US EPA).[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_207\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1388\"]<img class=\"wp-image-207 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).\" width=\"1388\" height=\"634\" /> Figure 2 – Green Power Distribution Network: (1) Sources; (2) Transmission Substation; (3) Transmission Lines; (4) Area Substation; (5) Transformers; (6) Home or Business (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Purchase Green Energy</strong></h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act (EDECA) of 1999 (N.J.S.A. 48:3-49) separated the supply portion of the electric rate from the delivery portion, providing the consumer the opportunity to select among third-party electricity suppliers licensed by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU). Consumers can make decisions on a variety of factors including cost or energy efficiency and sources of electricity generation (e.g., nuclear, natural gas, oil, solar).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Through the purchase of green power, a home does not necessarily receive renewable energy directly, but instead, the purchase of renewable energy increases the percentage that renewable sources (e.g., solar and wind) that contribute to power production within the region. Table 1 lists various ways to purchase green energy.</p>\n<p>Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><img class=\"wp-image-430 aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NC-Green-Power-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Green Power Supply Options (Source: Adapted from US EPA).\" width=\"1174\" height=\"962\" /></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Residential electricity consumers may choose to purchase RECs, contract with a green energy supplier or participate in a utility-sponsored green energy program. Green power products and programs often require customers to pay a premium over the standard electric price in return for green power (i.e., electricity bundled with RECs) but the utility continues to provide the electric transmission and distribution in the same way as a regular electric customer.</p>\n<p>Note that green power supply options depend on available renewable energy resources and projects, and state and utility policies and programs. Check with your utility provider for available programs and current incentives. Other options include Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) that directly support specific renewable energy projects.</p>\n<p>The decision to purchase green power involves identifying and comparing green power options among verified, third-party certified green power providers that meet nationally-accepted standards for product quality. At this time, the<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a><span> </span>is the only organization that certifies and independently verifies green power products in the United States.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Conventional electricity relies on fossil fuels and produces significant air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Green power provides the following environmental benefits:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supports renewable energy resource and technology development either directly through PPAs and bundled green power products or indirectly through RECs.</li>\n<li>Reduces a home’s carbon footprint associated with electricity consumption.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.communityenergyinc.com/projects/new-jersey-solar\">Jacobstown Solar Farm, Burlington County, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Jacobstown Solar project, by Community Energy, Inc., provides green power to the Jersey Central Power &amp; Light (JCP&amp;L) regional electric grid and helps farmland preservation in the area by providing a source of local revenue. Landscaping on the site matches the rural surroundings and plantings of low mow turf grass reduce stormwater runoff and improve soil conditions for future agricultural uses. When NJ homeowners choose to purchase green power, they support solar companies like Community Energy, Inc. and projects like the Jacobstown Solar Farm, that provide local sources of renewable energy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>While a switch to green power does not require any upfront capital costs, currently there exists a cost premium for green power of about 2 to 4 cents per kWh.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Prices for green power vary also depending on a variety of factors, including:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supply and demand variability</li>\n<li>Product type (e.g., RECs, PPAs, utility or competitive green power products)</li>\n<li>Purchase volume (e.g., total kilowatt-hours)</li>\n<li>Contract length (e.g., short- or long-term)</li>\n<li>Resource and technology type (e.g., solar, wind)</li>\n<li>Geography (e.g., local versus national)</li>\n<li>Certification and verification status</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A switch to green power provides resiliency benefits by helping to diversify and strengthen the electric power grid through the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar and by supporting local renewable energy generators and distributed renewable energy (DER) projects.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Green Power Partnership. “What is Green Power?”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>State of New Jersey. NJ Power Switch. Know Your Rights.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/\">https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/rights/</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Green Power Partnership. Green Power Benefits.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power\">https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/benefits-using-green-power</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-power/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Residential Electric Default rates or Basic Generation Service (BGS) ratesfor NJ.    <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.electricrate.com/\">https://www.electricrate.com</a><span> </span>(accessed April 9, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal-heat-pumps/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Small Wind Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/\">Solar Thermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.green-e.org/\">Center for Resource Solutions’- Green e-Certified Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.bpu.state.nj.us/bpu/index.shtml\">NJ Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.gov/njpowerswitch/\">NJ Power Switch</a></li>\n<li>New Jersey Energy Delivery Companies (EDCs)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.atlanticcityelectric.com/Pages/default.aspx\">Atlantic City Electric Company</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/content/customer/jersey_central_power_light.html\">JCP&amp;L</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en\">Rockland Electric</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nj.pseg.com/\">PSE&amp;G</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/switch-green-power\">US EPA – Switch to Green Power</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Green Power','','inherit','closed','closed','','1316-revision-v1','','','2022-03-30 22:38:51','2022-03-30 22:38:51','',1316,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1320',0,'revision','',0),(1321,3,'2022-03-30 22:41:54','2022-03-30 22:41:54','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"On-Site Wind Energy Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is an<span> </span></strong><strong>On-Site Wind Energy System?</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site wind energy systems provide renewable energy in areas with sufficient wind speed. Prime locations for harvesting wind energy in New Jersey are along the shore.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>The two main types of wind turbines include horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT), the most common, and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Initially designed to be mounted on high poles in open or rural areas, small wind turbines (SWTs) include systems that are 100 kilowatts (kW) or less. Small wind energy systems can either be stand-alone (e.g., not connected to the utility grid) or grid-connected. Built-environment wind turbines (BEWT) refer to projects constructed on, in, or near buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>The highly turbulent and variable wind directions often found in the built environment make VAWTs a viable option for these types of locations as VAWTs do not need to orient into the wind to generate power.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>VAWTs come in two different designs: the Savonius design, which generates power through drag, and the Darrieus, which generates power through an aerodynamic lift.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_573\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"666\"]<img class=\"wp-image-573 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-On-Site-Wind-Energy-Systems-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Small Wind Electric System (Source: US NREL).\" width=\"666\" height=\"624\" /> Figure 1. Small Wind Electric System (Source: US NREL).[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_284\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"662\"]<img class=\"wp-image-284 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-OnSite-Wind-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Illustration of turbine installation in the built environment. Side mounted to the building, roof mounted, ground mounted in the built environment, building integrated (source: US NREL).\" width=\"662\" height=\"444\" /> Figure 2 – Illustration of turbine installation in the built environment. Side mounted to the building, roof mounted, ground mounted in the built environment, building integrated (source: US NREL).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement an On-Site Wind Energy System</strong></h2>\n<p>There are many factors to consider when deciding on a wind energy system, including wind speed, location, lot size, and zoning restrictions.</p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for on-site wind energy systems. Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Pre-implementation steps for an on-site wind energy system project comprise a wind resource assessment study, sizing, and design of systems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>For example, siting turbines on the highest elevation on the site often correspond to the highest, unobstructed wind speeds. Wind speed increases with height, and small increases in speed boost a turbine’s generating-potential significantly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>Figure 3 shows that coastal New Jersey has the best wind resources, although some inland areas also have adequate winds. While wind maps help to get a general idea of the wind speeds in the area, actual wind resources on a particular site vary depending on topography and structural interference.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the local building authority or planning board to find out about necessary permits and requirements to build a wind energy system on the property. Zoning ordinances sometimes do not address wind turbines, or they may not allow structures taller than 35 ft. Obtaining a variance may be necessary. In January 2010, New Jersey enacted legislation to prevent municipalities from adopting regulations that place unreasonable limits or hinder the performance of small wind energy systems. For more information, visit the<span> </span><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/3929\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables &amp; Efficient (DSIRE).</a></p>\n<p>Experienced wind turbine manufacturers and installers can help to determine the potential energy production for the site, depending on wind speeds, the height of the towers, and other factors such as site elevation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf\">NREL.<em><span> </span>“</em>Deployment of Wind Turbines in the Built Environment: Risks, Lessons, and Recommended Practices.”</a></p>\n<p>This study looked at several case studies of BEWTs, documenting mixed-results in the BEWT industry. Main obstacles included, 1) project feasibility and planning processes that are insufficient and not well defined, 2) additional expenses related to installation and operations in the built environment that create high-cost projects, 3) a lack of certified manufacturers for ongoing service and parts availability, and 4) over-estimated project performance due to the complexity of conducting accurate resource and production assessments in the built environment. The BEWT projects with the best outcomes had well developed and quantified project goals that included energy production as well as education and sustainability marketing goals. These projects also conducted more thorough feasibility investigations, used certified HAWTs with a proven track record, and were installed on taller buildings relative to surrounding obstacles.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Wind power reduces dependence on carbon-intensive fuels such as coal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Generating power from wind reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promotes the renewable energy industry in New Jersey.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, between 2002 and 2011, residential wind turbine installation costs ranged from $12,000 to $100,000.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Nationwide, wind turbines cost between $800/kW and $1100/kW and a typical 2 MW project costs between $1.6 and $2.2 million.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Necessary fees include utility company fees, township and county permits, and installation which accounts for about 7% of the total project cost for a residential project.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Installing a wind turbine often have higher upfront, capital costs; however, net metering, lower utility bills, tax incentives, and renewable energy credits facilitate a faster payback and lower costs in the long run. A wind energy system can lower electricity bills 50 to 90 percent.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Depending on the strength of the wind resource and the cost of the system, the typical paybacks range from 6-15 years.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site wind energy systems rely on wind, a site-based resource and may operate independently from the power grid. Installed with additional hardware—including transfer switches, critical load panels, and appropriate controls—these systems can act as self-sufficient microgrids, generating energy and powering critical loads in the absence of utility sourced power. Wind energy systems provide additional protection from flooding events, based on elevated installations.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>American Wind Energy Association. “Wind 101: Wind Energy Basics.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180903090547/http://www.awea.org:80/wind-power-101\">https://www.awea.org/wind-power-101</a><span> </span>(accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Wind Technology.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology</a><span> </span>(accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Jason Fields, Frank Oteri, Robert Press, and Ian Baring-Gould (2016) National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Deployment of Wind Turbines in the Built Environment: Risks, Lessons, and Recommended Practices<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>J. Smith, T. Forsyth, K. Sinclair, and F. Oteri. (2015) NREL. Built-Environment Wind Turbine Roadmap.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/50499.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/50499.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Wind Technology.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology</a><span> </span>(accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US Dept of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"></a>DOE. Small Wind Guidebook.<span> </span><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts\">https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts</a><span> </span>(accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>US DOE.<span> </span><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/maps-data/207\">https://windexchange.energy.gov/maps-data/207</a><span> </span>(accessed April 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>McCollum, David, and Christopher Yang. 2009. “Achieving deep reductions in US transport greenhouse gas emissions: Scenario analysis and policy implications.” Energy Policy 37: 5580-5596.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>NJCEP. Installation and Project Status Reports (REIP and CORE Programs).<span> </span><a href=\"http://njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy-archive\">http://njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy-archive</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>US DOE. 2016 Wind Technologies Market Report.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/10/f37/2016_Wind_Technologies_Market_Report_101317.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/10/f37/2016_Wind_Technologies_Market_Report_101317.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Pacific Northwest National Lab. Benchmarking US Small Wind Costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://wind.pnnl.gov/pdf/Benchmarking_US_Small_Wind_Costs_092817_PNNL.pdf\">https://wind.pnnl.gov/pdf/Benchmarking_US_Small_Wind_Costs_092817_PNNL.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>DOE. Small Wind Electric Systems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/buying-and-making-electricity/small-wind-electric-systems\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/buying-and-making-electricity/small-wind-electric-systems</a><span> </span>(accessed April 12, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><em>General information and Starting Up</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://cleanpower.org/\">American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>NJ Clean Energy Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=84&amp;start=1\">Wind Site Assessor</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/files/docs/small_wind_economic_model.xls\">Wind Energy Payback Period Workbook</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/downloads/2016-wind-technologies-market-report\">2016 Wind Technologies Market Report</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em>Technical Guidance</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://distributedwind.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Distributed-Wind-Toolkit-Nov2017.pdf\">Clean Energy States Alliance (CESA) Distributed Wind Energy Zoning and Permitting: A Toolkit for Local Governments</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/29948.pdf\">Small Wind Electric Systems: A New Jersey Consumer’s Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts\">Small Wind Guidebook</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/\">US Northeast Wind Resource Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em>Funding Sources</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://cleanpower.org/facts/wind-power/\">American Clean Power - Wind power facts</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://elpc.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/ELPC-Community-Wind-Book-09.pdf\">Community Wind Financing</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>NJ Clean Energy Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/wind/wind\">See<span> </span><em>Financing Your System</em></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR On-Site Wind Energy Systems','','publish','closed','open','','nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems','','','2022-06-23 18:09:34','2022-06-23 18:09:34','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1321',0,'post','',0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (1323,3,'2022-03-30 22:41:54','2022-03-30 22:41:54','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"On-Site Wind Energy Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is an<span> </span></strong><strong>On-Site Wind Energy System?</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site wind energy systems provide renewable energy in areas with sufficient wind speed. Prime locations for harvesting wind energy in New Jersey are along the shore.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>The two main types of wind turbines include horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT), the most common, and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Initially designed to be mounted on high poles in open or rural areas, small wind turbines (SWTs) include systems that are 100 kilowatts (kW) or less. Small wind energy systems can either be stand-alone (e.g., not connected to the utility grid) or grid-connected. Built-environment wind turbines (BEWT) refer to projects constructed on, in, or near buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>The highly turbulent and variable wind directions often found in the built environment make VAWTs a viable option for these types of locations as VAWTs do not need to orient into the wind to generate power.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>VAWTs come in two different designs: the Savonius design, which generates power through drag, and the Darrieus, which generates power through an aerodynamic lift.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_573\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"666\"]<img class=\"wp-image-573 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-On-Site-Wind-Energy-Systems-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Small Wind Electric System (Source: US NREL).\" width=\"666\" height=\"624\" /> Figure 1. Small Wind Electric System (Source: US NREL).[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_284\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"662\"]<img class=\"wp-image-284 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-OnSite-Wind-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Illustration of turbine installation in the built environment. Side mounted to the building, roof mounted, ground mounted in the built environment, building integrated (source: US NREL).\" width=\"662\" height=\"444\" /> Figure 2 – Illustration of turbine installation in the built environment. Side mounted to the building, roof mounted, ground mounted in the built environment, building integrated (source: US NREL).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement an On-Site Wind Energy System</strong></h2>\n<p>There are many factors to consider when deciding on a wind energy system, including wind speed, location, lot size, and zoning restrictions.</p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for on-site wind energy systems. Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Pre-implementation steps for an on-site wind energy system project comprise a wind resource assessment study, sizing, and design of systems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>For example, siting turbines on the highest elevation on the site often correspond to the highest, unobstructed wind speeds. Wind speed increases with height, and small increases in speed boost a turbine’s generating-potential significantly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>Figure 3 shows that coastal New Jersey has the best wind resources, although some inland areas also have adequate winds. While wind maps help to get a general idea of the wind speeds in the area, actual wind resources on a particular site vary depending on topography and structural interference.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the local building authority or planning board to find out about necessary permits and requirements to build a wind energy system on the property. Zoning ordinances sometimes do not address wind turbines, or they may not allow structures taller than 35 ft. Obtaining a variance may be necessary. In January 2010, New Jersey enacted legislation to prevent municipalities from adopting regulations that place unreasonable limits or hinder the performance of small wind energy systems. For more information, visit the<span> </span><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/3929\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables &amp; Efficient (DSIRE).</a></p>\n<p>Experienced wind turbine manufacturers and installers can help to determine the potential energy production for the site, depending on wind speeds, the height of the towers, and other factors such as site elevation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf\">NREL.<em><span> </span>“</em>Deployment of Wind Turbines in the Built Environment: Risks, Lessons, and Recommended Practices.”</a></p>\n<p>This study looked at several case studies of BEWTs, documenting mixed-results in the BEWT industry. Main obstacles included, 1) project feasibility and planning processes that are insufficient and not well defined, 2) additional expenses related to installation and operations in the built environment that create high-cost projects, 3) a lack of certified manufacturers for ongoing service and parts availability, and 4) over-estimated project performance due to the complexity of conducting accurate resource and production assessments in the built environment. The BEWT projects with the best outcomes had well developed and quantified project goals that included energy production as well as education and sustainability marketing goals. These projects also conducted more thorough feasibility investigations, used certified HAWTs with a proven track record, and were installed on taller buildings relative to surrounding obstacles.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Wind power reduces dependence on carbon-intensive fuels such as coal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Generating power from wind reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promotes the renewable energy industry in New Jersey.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, between 2002 and 2011, residential wind turbine installation costs ranged from $12,000 to $100,000.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Nationwide, wind turbines cost between $800/kW and $1100/kW and a typical 2 MW project costs between $1.6 and $2.2 million.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Necessary fees include utility company fees, township and county permits, and installation which accounts for about 7% of the total project cost for a residential project.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Installing a wind turbine often have higher upfront, capital costs; however, net metering, lower utility bills, tax incentives, and renewable energy credits facilitate a faster payback and lower costs in the long run. A wind energy system can lower electricity bills 50 to 90 percent.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Depending on the strength of the wind resource and the cost of the system, the typical paybacks range from 6-15 years.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site wind energy systems rely on wind, a site-based resource and may operate independently from the power grid. Installed with additional hardware—including transfer switches, critical load panels, and appropriate controls—these systems can act as self-sufficient microgrids, generating energy and powering critical loads in the absence of utility sourced power. Wind energy systems provide additional protection from flooding events, based on elevated installations.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>American Wind Energy Association. “Wind 101: Wind Energy Basics.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.awea.org/wind-power-101\">https://www.awea.org/wind-power-101</a><span> </span>(accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Wind Technology.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology</a><span> </span>(accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Jason Fields, Frank Oteri, Robert Press, and Ian Baring-Gould (2016) National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Deployment of Wind Turbines in the Built Environment: Risks, Lessons, and Recommended Practices<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>J. Smith, T. Forsyth, K. Sinclair, and F. Oteri. (2015) NREL. Built-Environment Wind Turbine Roadmap.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/50499.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/50499.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Wind Technology.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology</a><span> </span>(accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US Dept of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"></a>DOE. Small Wind Guidebook.<span> </span><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts\">https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts</a><span> </span>(accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>US DOE.<span> </span><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/maps-data/207\">https://windexchange.energy.gov/maps-data/207</a><span> </span>(accessed April 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>McCollum, David, and Christopher Yang. 2009. “Achieving deep reductions in US transport greenhouse gas emissions: Scenario analysis and policy implications.” Energy Policy 37: 5580-5596.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>NJCEP. Installation and Project Status Reports (REIP and CORE Programs).<span> </span><a href=\"http://njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy-archive\">http://njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy-archive</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>US DOE. 2016 Wind Technologies Market Report.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/10/f37/2016_Wind_Technologies_Market_Report_101317.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/10/f37/2016_Wind_Technologies_Market_Report_101317.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Pacific Northwest National Lab. Benchmarking US Small Wind Costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://wind.pnnl.gov/pdf/Benchmarking_US_Small_Wind_Costs_092817_PNNL.pdf\">https://wind.pnnl.gov/pdf/Benchmarking_US_Small_Wind_Costs_092817_PNNL.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>DOE. Small Wind Electric Systems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/buying-and-making-electricity/small-wind-electric-systems\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/buying-and-making-electricity/small-wind-electric-systems</a><span> </span>(accessed April 12, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><em>General information and Starting Up</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.awea.org/index.aspx\">American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>NJ Clean Energy Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=84&amp;start=1\">Wind Site Assessor</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/files/docs/small_wind_economic_model.xls\">Wind Energy Payback Period Workbook</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/downloads/2016-wind-technologies-market-report\">2016 Wind Technologies Market Report</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em>Technical Guidance</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://distributedwind.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Distributed-Wind-Toolkit-Nov2017.pdf\">Clean Energy States Alliance (CESA) Distributed Wind Energy Zoning and Permitting: A Toolkit for Local Governments</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/29948.pdf\">Small Wind Electric Systems: A New Jersey Consumer’s Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts\">Small Wind Guidebook</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/rrc/northeast\">US Northeast Wind Resource Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em>Funding Sources</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.awea.org/_cs_upload/learnabout/smallwind/4424_1.pdf\">American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) – Small Wind Road Map</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://elpc.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/ELPC-Community-Wind-Book-09.pdf\">Community Wind Financing</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>NJ Clean Energy Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/wind/wind\">See<span> </span><em>Financing Your System</em></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR On-Site Wind Energy Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1321-revision-v1','','','2022-03-30 22:41:54','2022-03-30 22:41:54','',1321,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1323',0,'revision','',0),(1324,3,'2022-03-30 22:41:54','2022-03-30 22:41:54','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"On-Site Wind Energy Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is an<span> </span></strong><strong>On-Site Wind Energy System?</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site wind energy systems provide renewable energy in areas with sufficient wind speed. Prime locations for harvesting wind energy in New Jersey are along the shore.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>The two main types of wind turbines include horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT), the most common, and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Initially designed to be mounted on high poles in open or rural areas, small wind turbines (SWTs) include systems that are 100 kilowatts (kW) or less. Small wind energy systems can either be stand-alone (e.g., not connected to the utility grid) or grid-connected. Built-environment wind turbines (BEWT) refer to projects constructed on, in, or near buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>The highly turbulent and variable wind directions often found in the built environment make VAWTs a viable option for these types of locations as VAWTs do not need to orient into the wind to generate power.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>VAWTs come in two different designs: the Savonius design, which generates power through drag, and the Darrieus, which generates power through an aerodynamic lift.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_573\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"666\"]<img class=\"wp-image-573 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-On-Site-Wind-Energy-Systems-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Small Wind Electric System (Source: US NREL).\" width=\"666\" height=\"624\" /> Figure 1. Small Wind Electric System (Source: US NREL).[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_284\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"662\"]<img class=\"wp-image-284 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-OnSite-Wind-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Illustration of turbine installation in the built environment. Side mounted to the building, roof mounted, ground mounted in the built environment, building integrated (source: US NREL).\" width=\"662\" height=\"444\" /> Figure 2 – Illustration of turbine installation in the built environment. Side mounted to the building, roof mounted, ground mounted in the built environment, building integrated (source: US NREL).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement an On-Site Wind Energy System</strong></h2>\n<p>There are many factors to consider when deciding on a wind energy system, including wind speed, location, lot size, and zoning restrictions.</p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for on-site wind energy systems. Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Pre-implementation steps for an on-site wind energy system project comprise a wind resource assessment study, sizing, and design of systems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>For example, siting turbines on the highest elevation on the site often correspond to the highest, unobstructed wind speeds. Wind speed increases with height, and small increases in speed boost a turbine’s generating-potential significantly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>Figure 3 shows that coastal New Jersey has the best wind resources, although some inland areas also have adequate winds. While wind maps help to get a general idea of the wind speeds in the area, actual wind resources on a particular site vary depending on topography and structural interference.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the local building authority or planning board to find out about necessary permits and requirements to build a wind energy system on the property. Zoning ordinances sometimes do not address wind turbines, or they may not allow structures taller than 35 ft. Obtaining a variance may be necessary. In January 2010, New Jersey enacted legislation to prevent municipalities from adopting regulations that place unreasonable limits or hinder the performance of small wind energy systems. For more information, visit the<span> </span><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/3929\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables &amp; Efficient (DSIRE).</a></p>\n<p>Experienced wind turbine manufacturers and installers can help to determine the potential energy production for the site, depending on wind speeds, the height of the towers, and other factors such as site elevation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf\">NREL.<em><span> </span>“</em>Deployment of Wind Turbines in the Built Environment: Risks, Lessons, and Recommended Practices.”</a></p>\n<p>This study looked at several case studies of BEWTs, documenting mixed-results in the BEWT industry. Main obstacles included, 1) project feasibility and planning processes that are insufficient and not well defined, 2) additional expenses related to installation and operations in the built environment that create high-cost projects, 3) a lack of certified manufacturers for ongoing service and parts availability, and 4) over-estimated project performance due to the complexity of conducting accurate resource and production assessments in the built environment. The BEWT projects with the best outcomes had well developed and quantified project goals that included energy production as well as education and sustainability marketing goals. These projects also conducted more thorough feasibility investigations, used certified HAWTs with a proven track record, and were installed on taller buildings relative to surrounding obstacles.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Wind power reduces dependence on carbon-intensive fuels such as coal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Generating power from wind reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promotes the renewable energy industry in New Jersey.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, between 2002 and 2011, residential wind turbine installation costs ranged from $12,000 to $100,000.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Nationwide, wind turbines cost between $800/kW and $1100/kW and a typical 2 MW project costs between $1.6 and $2.2 million.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Necessary fees include utility company fees, township and county permits, and installation which accounts for about 7% of the total project cost for a residential project.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Installing a wind turbine often have higher upfront, capital costs; however, net metering, lower utility bills, tax incentives, and renewable energy credits facilitate a faster payback and lower costs in the long run. A wind energy system can lower electricity bills 50 to 90 percent.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Depending on the strength of the wind resource and the cost of the system, the typical paybacks range from 6-15 years.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site wind energy systems rely on wind, a site-based resource and may operate independently from the power grid. Installed with additional hardware—including transfer switches, critical load panels, and appropriate controls—these systems can act as self-sufficient microgrids, generating energy and powering critical loads in the absence of utility sourced power. Wind energy systems provide additional protection from flooding events, based on elevated installations.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>American Wind Energy Association. “Wind 101: Wind Energy Basics.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.awea.org/wind-power-101\">https://www.awea.org/wind-power-101</a><span> </span>(accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Wind Technology.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology</a><span> </span>(accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Jason Fields, Frank Oteri, Robert Press, and Ian Baring-Gould (2016) National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Deployment of Wind Turbines in the Built Environment: Risks, Lessons, and Recommended Practices<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>J. Smith, T. Forsyth, K. Sinclair, and F. Oteri. (2015) NREL. Built-Environment Wind Turbine Roadmap.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/50499.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/50499.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Wind Technology.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology</a><span> </span>(accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US Dept of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"></a>DOE. Small Wind Guidebook.<span> </span><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts\">https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts</a><span> </span>(accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>US DOE.<span> </span><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/maps-data/207\">https://windexchange.energy.gov/maps-data/207</a><span> </span>(accessed April 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>McCollum, David, and Christopher Yang. 2009. “Achieving deep reductions in US transport greenhouse gas emissions: Scenario analysis and policy implications.” Energy Policy 37: 5580-5596.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>NJCEP. Installation and Project Status Reports (REIP and CORE Programs).<span> </span><a href=\"http://njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy-archive\">http://njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy-archive</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>US DOE. 2016 Wind Technologies Market Report.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/10/f37/2016_Wind_Technologies_Market_Report_101317.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/10/f37/2016_Wind_Technologies_Market_Report_101317.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Pacific Northwest National Lab. Benchmarking US Small Wind Costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://wind.pnnl.gov/pdf/Benchmarking_US_Small_Wind_Costs_092817_PNNL.pdf\">https://wind.pnnl.gov/pdf/Benchmarking_US_Small_Wind_Costs_092817_PNNL.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>DOE. Small Wind Electric Systems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/buying-and-making-electricity/small-wind-electric-systems\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/buying-and-making-electricity/small-wind-electric-systems</a><span> </span>(accessed April 12, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><em>General information and Starting Up</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.awea.org/index.aspx\">American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>NJ Clean Energy Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=84&amp;start=1\">Wind Site Assessor</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/files/docs/small_wind_economic_model.xls\">Wind Energy Payback Period Workbook</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/downloads/2016-wind-technologies-market-report\">2016 Wind Technologies Market Report</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em>Technical Guidance</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://distributedwind.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Distributed-Wind-Toolkit-Nov2017.pdf\">Clean Energy States Alliance (CESA) Distributed Wind Energy Zoning and Permitting: A Toolkit for Local Governments</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/29948.pdf\">Small Wind Electric Systems: A New Jersey Consumer’s Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts\">Small Wind Guidebook</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/rrc/northeast\">US Northeast Wind Resource Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em>Funding Sources</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.awea.org/_cs_upload/learnabout/smallwind/4424_1.pdf\">American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) – Small Wind Road Map</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://elpc.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/ELPC-Community-Wind-Book-09.pdf\">Community Wind Financing</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>NJ Clean Energy Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/wind/wind\">See<span> </span><em>Financing Your System</em></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Green Power','','inherit','closed','closed','','1321-revision-v1','','','2022-03-30 22:41:54','2022-03-30 22:41:54','',1321,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1324',0,'revision','',0),(1325,3,'2022-03-30 22:41:57','2022-03-30 22:41:57','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"On-Site Wind Energy Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is an<span> </span></strong><strong>On-Site Wind Energy System?</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site wind energy systems provide renewable energy in areas with sufficient wind speed. Prime locations for harvesting wind energy in New Jersey are along the shore.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>The two main types of wind turbines include horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT), the most common, and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Initially designed to be mounted on high poles in open or rural areas, small wind turbines (SWTs) include systems that are 100 kilowatts (kW) or less. Small wind energy systems can either be stand-alone (e.g., not connected to the utility grid) or grid-connected. Built-environment wind turbines (BEWT) refer to projects constructed on, in, or near buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>The highly turbulent and variable wind directions often found in the built environment make VAWTs a viable option for these types of locations as VAWTs do not need to orient into the wind to generate power.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>VAWTs come in two different designs: the Savonius design, which generates power through drag, and the Darrieus, which generates power through an aerodynamic lift.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_573\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"666\"]<img class=\"wp-image-573 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-On-Site-Wind-Energy-Systems-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Small Wind Electric System (Source: US NREL).\" width=\"666\" height=\"624\" /> Figure 1. Small Wind Electric System (Source: US NREL).[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_284\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"662\"]<img class=\"wp-image-284 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-OnSite-Wind-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Illustration of turbine installation in the built environment. Side mounted to the building, roof mounted, ground mounted in the built environment, building integrated (source: US NREL).\" width=\"662\" height=\"444\" /> Figure 2 – Illustration of turbine installation in the built environment. Side mounted to the building, roof mounted, ground mounted in the built environment, building integrated (source: US NREL).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement an On-Site Wind Energy System</strong></h2>\n<p>There are many factors to consider when deciding on a wind energy system, including wind speed, location, lot size, and zoning restrictions.</p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for on-site wind energy systems. Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Pre-implementation steps for an on-site wind energy system project comprise a wind resource assessment study, sizing, and design of systems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>For example, siting turbines on the highest elevation on the site often correspond to the highest, unobstructed wind speeds. Wind speed increases with height, and small increases in speed boost a turbine’s generating-potential significantly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>Figure 3 shows that coastal New Jersey has the best wind resources, although some inland areas also have adequate winds. While wind maps help to get a general idea of the wind speeds in the area, actual wind resources on a particular site vary depending on topography and structural interference.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the local building authority or planning board to find out about necessary permits and requirements to build a wind energy system on the property. Zoning ordinances sometimes do not address wind turbines, or they may not allow structures taller than 35 ft. Obtaining a variance may be necessary. In January 2010, New Jersey enacted legislation to prevent municipalities from adopting regulations that place unreasonable limits or hinder the performance of small wind energy systems. For more information, visit the<span> </span><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/3929\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables &amp; Efficient (DSIRE).</a></p>\n<p>Experienced wind turbine manufacturers and installers can help to determine the potential energy production for the site, depending on wind speeds, the height of the towers, and other factors such as site elevation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf\">NREL.<em><span> </span>“</em>Deployment of Wind Turbines in the Built Environment: Risks, Lessons, and Recommended Practices.”</a></p>\n<p>This study looked at several case studies of BEWTs, documenting mixed-results in the BEWT industry. Main obstacles included, 1) project feasibility and planning processes that are insufficient and not well defined, 2) additional expenses related to installation and operations in the built environment that create high-cost projects, 3) a lack of certified manufacturers for ongoing service and parts availability, and 4) over-estimated project performance due to the complexity of conducting accurate resource and production assessments in the built environment. The BEWT projects with the best outcomes had well developed and quantified project goals that included energy production as well as education and sustainability marketing goals. These projects also conducted more thorough feasibility investigations, used certified HAWTs with a proven track record, and were installed on taller buildings relative to surrounding obstacles.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Wind power reduces dependence on carbon-intensive fuels such as coal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Generating power from wind reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promotes the renewable energy industry in New Jersey.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, between 2002 and 2011, residential wind turbine installation costs ranged from $12,000 to $100,000.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Nationwide, wind turbines cost between $800/kW and $1100/kW and a typical 2 MW project costs between $1.6 and $2.2 million.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Necessary fees include utility company fees, township and county permits, and installation which accounts for about 7% of the total project cost for a residential project.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Installing a wind turbine often have higher upfront, capital costs; however, net metering, lower utility bills, tax incentives, and renewable energy credits facilitate a faster payback and lower costs in the long run. A wind energy system can lower electricity bills 50 to 90 percent.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Depending on the strength of the wind resource and the cost of the system, the typical paybacks range from 6-15 years.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site wind energy systems rely on wind, a site-based resource and may operate independently from the power grid. Installed with additional hardware—including transfer switches, critical load panels, and appropriate controls—these systems can act as self-sufficient microgrids, generating energy and powering critical loads in the absence of utility sourced power. Wind energy systems provide additional protection from flooding events, based on elevated installations.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>American Wind Energy Association. “Wind 101: Wind Energy Basics.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.awea.org/wind-power-101\">https://www.awea.org/wind-power-101</a><span> </span>(accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Wind Technology.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology</a><span> </span>(accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Jason Fields, Frank Oteri, Robert Press, and Ian Baring-Gould (2016) National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Deployment of Wind Turbines in the Built Environment: Risks, Lessons, and Recommended Practices<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65622.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>J. Smith, T. Forsyth, K. Sinclair, and F. Oteri. (2015) NREL. Built-Environment Wind Turbine Roadmap.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/50499.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/50499.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Wind Technology.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/wind-technology</a><span> </span>(accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US Dept of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"></a>DOE. Small Wind Guidebook.<span> </span><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts\">https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts</a><span> </span>(accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>US DOE.<span> </span><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/maps-data/207\">https://windexchange.energy.gov/maps-data/207</a><span> </span>(accessed April 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>McCollum, David, and Christopher Yang. 2009. “Achieving deep reductions in US transport greenhouse gas emissions: Scenario analysis and policy implications.” Energy Policy 37: 5580-5596.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>NJCEP. Installation and Project Status Reports (REIP and CORE Programs).<span> </span><a href=\"http://njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy-archive\">http://njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy-archive</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>US DOE. 2016 Wind Technologies Market Report.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/10/f37/2016_Wind_Technologies_Market_Report_101317.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/10/f37/2016_Wind_Technologies_Market_Report_101317.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Pacific Northwest National Lab. Benchmarking US Small Wind Costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://wind.pnnl.gov/pdf/Benchmarking_US_Small_Wind_Costs_092817_PNNL.pdf\">https://wind.pnnl.gov/pdf/Benchmarking_US_Small_Wind_Costs_092817_PNNL.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>DOE. Small Wind Electric Systems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/buying-and-making-electricity/small-wind-electric-systems\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/buying-and-making-electricity/small-wind-electric-systems</a><span> </span>(accessed April 12, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><em>General information and Starting Up</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.awea.org/index.aspx\">American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>NJ Clean Energy Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=84&amp;start=1\">Wind Site Assessor</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/files/docs/small_wind_economic_model.xls\">Wind Energy Payback Period Workbook</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/downloads/2016-wind-technologies-market-report\">2016 Wind Technologies Market Report</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em>Technical Guidance</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://distributedwind.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Distributed-Wind-Toolkit-Nov2017.pdf\">Clean Energy States Alliance (CESA) Distributed Wind Energy Zoning and Permitting: A Toolkit for Local Governments</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/29948.pdf\">Small Wind Electric Systems: A New Jersey Consumer’s Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/small-wind-guidebook#parts\">Small Wind Guidebook</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://windexchange.energy.gov/rrc/northeast\">US Northeast Wind Resource Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em>Funding Sources</em>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.awea.org/_cs_upload/learnabout/smallwind/4424_1.pdf\">American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) – Small Wind Road Map</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://elpc.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/ELPC-Community-Wind-Book-09.pdf\">Community Wind Financing</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>NJ Clean Energy Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/technologies/wind/wind\">See<span> </span><em>Financing Your System</em></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR On-Site Wind Energy Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1321-revision-v1','','','2022-03-30 22:41:57','2022-03-30 22:41:57','',1321,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1325',0,'revision','',0),(1326,3,'2022-03-30 22:44:06','2022-03-30 22:44:06','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Photovoltaic (PV) Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Photovoltaic (PV) Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Photovoltaic (PV) systems are semiconductor devices that use renewable solar energy to create electricity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>PV cells placed together in a module which are then grouped to form an array applied to surfaces such as roofs or applied as ground mounts. A specific PV system, known as Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) uses PV technology and applies it to building materials, serving multifunctional purposes.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>For example, a BIPV skylight not only captures energy to generate electricity for a building but also provides daylighting (see<span> </span><em>Daylighting</em>). Another strategy incorporates PV technology into an exterior wall for decorative purposes as well as collecting energy.</p>\n<p>PV systems can be stand-alone or grid-connected. Stand-alone systems, not connected to the electricity grid, are used in remote locations where extending power lines can be expensive costing anywhere from $15,000 to $50,000 per mile.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>These systems can also be used by people who live near the grid who wish to be independent of the utility or invest fully in non-polluting energy resources.</p>\n<p>Grid-connected systems utilize solar energy when available and feed excess electricity back to the grid. When the sun does not shine, the grid supplies the home electricity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>A grid-connected PV system consists of one or more PV modules are connected to an inverter, which converts the system’s direct-current (DC) electricity to alternating current (AC). Optional batteries provide energy storage or backup power in case of a grid power interruption or outage (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Connecting to the grid requires typically requires two agreements, an interconnection agreement and a purchase and sale agreement.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Net-metering allows excess electricity generated by grid-connected PV systems to feed back to the grid.  Net-metering rules vary from state to state and may restrict the amount of energy exported back to the grid based on a minimum capacity that is established by the utility or utility commissions. If the home uses more electricity than is produced by the PV system, the system owner pays the power provider for the difference between what was used and produced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>When a customer’s renewable energy system produces more electricity than the customer needs, the excess energy is exported back to the grid.  All grid connected PV systems qualify to generate Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECS) which could be traded for additional incentives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_17\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"808\"]<img class=\"wp-image-17 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-PV-Systems-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: Residential grid-connected PV system (Source: US Department of Energy)\" width=\"808\" height=\"416\" /> Figure 1: Residential grid-connected PV system (Source: US Department of Energy)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement a Photovoltaic (PV) System</strong></h2>\n<p>Check out<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a><span> </span>and enter your address to find out the solar savings potential of your home.</p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for Photovoltaic Systems.</p>\n<p>While projects can tailor PV systems to meet the needs of a particular site and home, south facing surfaces not shaded by nearby trees, buildings, and structures provide the best results (see<span> </span><em>Building Orientation</em>). If possible, orient collectors at the angle of the location’s latitude (in New Jersey, this is approximately 40°N). Flat roofs also work well for solar electric systems, allowing PV modules to tilt at an optimal angle toward the sun. Ground systems mounted on a tracker to follow the sun work well for homes with large yards.</p>\n<p>Hire a professional, licensed contractor to design and install the photovoltaic system, and help with paperwork for any tax credits and rebates or other incentives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/casestudy02_Ian_Stocks.pdf\">New Jersey Clean Energy Program PV Installation, Suburban Home, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>This case study describes a New Jersey resident’s experience installing solar panels on his home.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>An NJ Clean Energy Program rebate reduced the initial cost by $11,000</li>\n<li>Electric bills dropped by 25 percent each month</li>\n<li>Ten-year payback based on estimated annual energy savings.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Incorporating on-site renewable energy systems reduces greenhouse gas emissions,</p>\n<p>protects against the fluctuating costs of fossil fuels and saves on purchasing energy from utility companies while providing additional ecological and user benefits. The modularity of PV systems allows great flexibility in applying this technology to different home designs. Solar PV can help manage peak demand and lower utility rates, while also providing shade and urban heat island reduction benefits (see<span> </span><em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>). Additional benefits include low-cost operations and maintenance, and US-based manufacturers and installers that provide domestic jobs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>PV systems require a high upfront investment but lower monthly electricity bills. Most solar electric systems last 30 years and pay for themselves in 4 to 5 years.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>The cost per kilowatt-hour goes down as the system size increases. In 2019, residential solar electric systems incurred a median installed cost of $2.50 – 3.00 per watt. Federal and state tax credits and rebates are available to offset costs. While actual costs vary depending on system configuration and other factors, the following are average costs before rebates and taxes:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>A 2-kilowatt (2,000-watt) system costs between $5,000 and $15,000 and supplies enough energy to meet most of the needs of an energy-efficient home.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>A 5-kilowatt system may be installed for $10,000 to $40,000, with an average cost of around $20,000, and can meet all the electricity needs of a large home.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar PV systems support energy resiliency in many ways. PV systems with islanding capability and battery storage can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand (see<span> </span><em>Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV and Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Solar islanding and microgrid ready PV systems support the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage. PV systems installed high up on buildings or poles are protected from flood waters. PV systems that meet local codes and wind loading requirements are designed to withstand damage and provide a reliable source of power in hurricane zones.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Eiffert Ph. D, Patrina, and Gregory J. Kiss. NREL. Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Designs for Commercial and Institutional Structures: A Sourcebook for Architects.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/25272.pdf\">www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/25272.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed  April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Off-Grid or Standalone renewable Energy Systems. https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/grid-or-stand-alone-renewable-energy-systems (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>NREL. Connecting Your Solar Electric System to the Utility Grid.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>US DOE. A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US DOE. A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>NREL. Connecting Your Solar Electric System to the Utility Grid<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a>  NJ’s Clean Energy Program. Net Metering and Interconnection.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/net-metering-and-interconnection\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/net-metering-and-interconnection</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>US Department of Energy. “A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Renewable Energy World. Advantages and disadvantages of Solar Photovoltaic – Quick Pros and Cons of Solar PV<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/ugc/articles/2012/12/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-solar-photovoltaic--quick-pros-and-cons-of-solar-pv.html\">http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/ugc/articles/2012/12/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-solar-photovoltaic–quick-pros-and-cons-of-solar-pv.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell3.htm\">The Anatomy of a Photovoltaic System</a></li>\n<li>DSIRE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energysage.com/solar/calculator/?rc=dsirecalc&amp;__hstc=&amp;__hssc=&amp;hsCtaTracking=24f6de41-f4cb-4d54-bd03-4e93c4803dc6%7Cf8ccc64f-8ead-4828-bb3d-8aeff1490f02\">Calculate Your Solar Panel Savings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?fromSir=0&amp;state=NJ\">DSIRE Solar Incentives and Policies for New Jersey</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a></li>\n<li>NJ Office of Clean Energy\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/programs\">Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/project-activity-reports/project-activity-reports\">Solar Activity Reports (including project lists and SREC pricing)</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nabcep.org/\">List of certified system installers in New Jersey</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://pvwatts.nrel.gov/\">NREL PVWatts calculator</a></li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">A Consumer’s Guide to Solar Electricity for the Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210305043249/https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/articles/so-you-want-go-solar-3-things-consider-when-installing-solar-power-home\">Three Things to Consider when installing a Solar Electric System</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wunderground.com/calculators/solar.html?MR=1\">Weather Underground Tool: Calculates potential electricity generation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Photovoltaic (PV) Systems','','publish','closed','open','','nr-biomass-energy-systems','','','2022-06-23 18:09:43','2022-06-23 18:09:43','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1326',0,'post','',0),(1328,3,'2022-03-30 22:44:06','2022-03-30 22:44:06','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Photovoltaic (PV) Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Photovoltaic (PV) Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Photovoltaic (PV) systems are semiconductor devices that use renewable solar energy to create electricity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>PV cells placed together in a module which are then grouped to form an array applied to surfaces such as roofs or applied as ground mounts. A specific PV system, known as Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) uses PV technology and applies it to building materials, serving multifunctional purposes.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>For example, a BIPV skylight not only captures energy to generate electricity for a building but also provides daylighting (see<span> </span><em>Daylighting</em>). Another strategy incorporates PV technology into an exterior wall for decorative purposes as well as collecting energy.</p>\n<p>PV systems can be stand-alone or grid-connected. Stand-alone systems, not connected to the electricity grid, are used in remote locations where extending power lines can be expensive costing anywhere from $15,000 to $50,000 per mile.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>These systems can also be used by people who live near the grid who wish to be independent of the utility or invest fully in non-polluting energy resources.</p>\n<p>Grid-connected systems utilize solar energy when available and feed excess electricity back to the grid. When the sun does not shine, the grid supplies the home electricity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>A grid-connected PV system consists of one or more PV modules are connected to an inverter, which converts the system’s direct-current (DC) electricity to alternating current (AC). Optional batteries provide energy storage or backup power in case of a grid power interruption or outage (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Connecting to the grid requires typically requires two agreements, an interconnection agreement and a purchase and sale agreement.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Net-metering allows excess electricity generated by grid-connected PV systems to feed back to the grid.  Net-metering rules vary from state to state and may restrict the amount of energy exported back to the grid based on a minimum capacity that is established by the utility or utility commissions. If the home uses more electricity than is produced by the PV system, the system owner pays the power provider for the difference between what was used and produced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>When a customer’s renewable energy system produces more electricity than the customer needs, the excess energy is exported back to the grid.  All grid connected PV systems qualify to generate Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECS) which could be traded for additional incentives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_17\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"808\"]<img class=\"wp-image-17 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-PV-Systems-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: Residential grid-connected PV system (Source: US Department of Energy)\" width=\"808\" height=\"416\" /> Figure 1: Residential grid-connected PV system (Source: US Department of Energy)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement a Photovoltaic (PV) System</strong></h2>\n<p>Check out<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a><span> </span>and enter your address to find out the solar savings potential of your home.</p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for Photovoltaic Systems.</p>\n<p>While projects can tailor PV systems to meet the needs of a particular site and home, south facing surfaces not shaded by nearby trees, buildings, and structures provide the best results (see<span> </span><em>Building Orientation</em>). If possible, orient collectors at the angle of the location’s latitude (in New Jersey, this is approximately 40°N). Flat roofs also work well for solar electric systems, allowing PV modules to tilt at an optimal angle toward the sun. Ground systems mounted on a tracker to follow the sun work well for homes with large yards.</p>\n<p>Hire a professional, licensed contractor to design and install the photovoltaic system, and help with paperwork for any tax credits and rebates or other incentives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/casestudy02_Ian_Stocks.pdf\">New Jersey Clean Energy Program PV Installation, Suburban Home, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>This case study describes a New Jersey resident’s experience installing solar panels on his home.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>An NJ Clean Energy Program rebate reduced the initial cost by $11,000</li>\n<li>Electric bills dropped by 25 percent each month</li>\n<li>Ten-year payback based on estimated annual energy savings.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Incorporating on-site renewable energy systems reduces greenhouse gas emissions,</p>\n<p>protects against the fluctuating costs of fossil fuels and saves on purchasing energy from utility companies while providing additional ecological and user benefits. The modularity of PV systems allows great flexibility in applying this technology to different home designs. Solar PV can help manage peak demand and lower utility rates, while also providing shade and urban heat island reduction benefits (see<span> </span><em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>). Additional benefits include low-cost operations and maintenance, and US-based manufacturers and installers that provide domestic jobs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>PV systems require a high upfront investment but lower monthly electricity bills. Most solar electric systems last 30 years and pay for themselves in 4 to 5 years.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>The cost per kilowatt-hour goes down as the system size increases. In 2019, residential solar electric systems incurred a median installed cost of $2.50 – 3.00 per watt. Federal and state tax credits and rebates are available to offset costs. While actual costs vary depending on system configuration and other factors, the following are average costs before rebates and taxes:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>A 2-kilowatt (2,000-watt) system costs between $5,000 and $15,000 and supplies enough energy to meet most of the needs of an energy-efficient home.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>A 5-kilowatt system may be installed for $10,000 to $40,000, with an average cost of around $20,000, and can meet all the electricity needs of a large home.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar PV systems support energy resiliency in many ways. PV systems with islanding capability and battery storage can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand (see<span> </span><em>Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV and Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Solar islanding and microgrid ready PV systems support the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage. PV systems installed high up on buildings or poles are protected from flood waters. PV systems that meet local codes and wind loading requirements are designed to withstand damage and provide a reliable source of power in hurricane zones.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Eiffert Ph. D, Patrina, and Gregory J. Kiss. NREL. Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Designs for Commercial and Institutional Structures: A Sourcebook for Architects.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/25272.pdf\">www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/25272.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed  April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Off-Grid or Standalone renewable Energy Systems. https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/grid-or-stand-alone-renewable-energy-systems (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>NREL. Connecting Your Solar Electric System to the Utility Grid.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>US DOE. A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US DOE. A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>NREL. Connecting Your Solar Electric System to the Utility Grid<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a>  NJ’s Clean Energy Program. Net Metering and Interconnection.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/net-metering-and-interconnection\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/net-metering-and-interconnection</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>US Department of Energy. “A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Renewable Energy World. Advantages and disadvantages of Solar Photovoltaic – Quick Pros and Cons of Solar PV<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/ugc/articles/2012/12/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-solar-photovoltaic--quick-pros-and-cons-of-solar-pv.html\">http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/ugc/articles/2012/12/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-solar-photovoltaic–quick-pros-and-cons-of-solar-pv.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell3.htm\">The Anatomy of a Photovoltaic System</a></li>\n<li>DSIRE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energysage.com/solar/calculator/?rc=dsirecalc&amp;__hstc=&amp;__hssc=&amp;hsCtaTracking=24f6de41-f4cb-4d54-bd03-4e93c4803dc6%7Cf8ccc64f-8ead-4828-bb3d-8aeff1490f02\">Calculate Your Solar Panel Savings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?fromSir=0&amp;state=NJ\">DSIRE Solar Incentives and Policies for New Jersey</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a></li>\n<li>NJ Office of Clean Energy\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/programs\">Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/project-activity-reports/project-activity-reports\">Solar Activity Reports (including project lists and SREC pricing)</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nabcep.org/\">List of certified system installers in New Jersey</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://pvwatts.nrel.gov/\">NREL PVWatts calculator</a></li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">A Consumer’s Guide to Solar Electricity for the Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/articles/so-you-want-go-solar-3-things-consider-when-installing-solar-power-home\">Three Things to Consider when installing a Solar Electric System</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wunderground.com/calculators/solar.html?MR=1\">Weather Underground Tool: Calculates potential electricity generation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR On-Site Wind Energy Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1326-revision-v1','','','2022-03-30 22:44:06','2022-03-30 22:44:06','',1326,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1328',0,'revision','',0),(1329,3,'2022-03-30 22:44:09','2022-03-30 22:44:09','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Photovoltaic (PV) Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Photovoltaic (PV) Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Photovoltaic (PV) systems are semiconductor devices that use renewable solar energy to create electricity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>PV cells placed together in a module which are then grouped to form an array applied to surfaces such as roofs or applied as ground mounts. A specific PV system, known as Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) uses PV technology and applies it to building materials, serving multifunctional purposes.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>For example, a BIPV skylight not only captures energy to generate electricity for a building but also provides daylighting (see<span> </span><em>Daylighting</em>). Another strategy incorporates PV technology into an exterior wall for decorative purposes as well as collecting energy.</p>\n<p>PV systems can be stand-alone or grid-connected. Stand-alone systems, not connected to the electricity grid, are used in remote locations where extending power lines can be expensive costing anywhere from $15,000 to $50,000 per mile.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>These systems can also be used by people who live near the grid who wish to be independent of the utility or invest fully in non-polluting energy resources.</p>\n<p>Grid-connected systems utilize solar energy when available and feed excess electricity back to the grid. When the sun does not shine, the grid supplies the home electricity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>A grid-connected PV system consists of one or more PV modules are connected to an inverter, which converts the system’s direct-current (DC) electricity to alternating current (AC). Optional batteries provide energy storage or backup power in case of a grid power interruption or outage (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Connecting to the grid requires typically requires two agreements, an interconnection agreement and a purchase and sale agreement.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Net-metering allows excess electricity generated by grid-connected PV systems to feed back to the grid.  Net-metering rules vary from state to state and may restrict the amount of energy exported back to the grid based on a minimum capacity that is established by the utility or utility commissions. If the home uses more electricity than is produced by the PV system, the system owner pays the power provider for the difference between what was used and produced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>When a customer’s renewable energy system produces more electricity than the customer needs, the excess energy is exported back to the grid.  All grid connected PV systems qualify to generate Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECS) which could be traded for additional incentives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_17\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"808\"]<img class=\"wp-image-17 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-PV-Systems-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: Residential grid-connected PV system (Source: US Department of Energy)\" width=\"808\" height=\"416\" /> Figure 1: Residential grid-connected PV system (Source: US Department of Energy)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement a Photovoltaic (PV) System</strong></h2>\n<p>Check out<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a><span> </span>and enter your address to find out the solar savings potential of your home.</p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for Photovoltaic Systems.</p>\n<p>While projects can tailor PV systems to meet the needs of a particular site and home, south facing surfaces not shaded by nearby trees, buildings, and structures provide the best results (see<span> </span><em>Building Orientation</em>). If possible, orient collectors at the angle of the location’s latitude (in New Jersey, this is approximately 40°N). Flat roofs also work well for solar electric systems, allowing PV modules to tilt at an optimal angle toward the sun. Ground systems mounted on a tracker to follow the sun work well for homes with large yards.</p>\n<p>Hire a professional, licensed contractor to design and install the photovoltaic system, and help with paperwork for any tax credits and rebates or other incentives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/casestudy02_Ian_Stocks.pdf\">New Jersey Clean Energy Program PV Installation, Suburban Home, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>This case study describes a New Jersey resident’s experience installing solar panels on his home.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>An NJ Clean Energy Program rebate reduced the initial cost by $11,000</li>\n<li>Electric bills dropped by 25 percent each month</li>\n<li>Ten-year payback based on estimated annual energy savings.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Incorporating on-site renewable energy systems reduces greenhouse gas emissions,</p>\n<p>protects against the fluctuating costs of fossil fuels and saves on purchasing energy from utility companies while providing additional ecological and user benefits. The modularity of PV systems allows great flexibility in applying this technology to different home designs. Solar PV can help manage peak demand and lower utility rates, while also providing shade and urban heat island reduction benefits (see<span> </span><em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>). Additional benefits include low-cost operations and maintenance, and US-based manufacturers and installers that provide domestic jobs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>PV systems require a high upfront investment but lower monthly electricity bills. Most solar electric systems last 30 years and pay for themselves in 4 to 5 years.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>The cost per kilowatt-hour goes down as the system size increases. In 2019, residential solar electric systems incurred a median installed cost of $2.50 – 3.00 per watt. Federal and state tax credits and rebates are available to offset costs. While actual costs vary depending on system configuration and other factors, the following are average costs before rebates and taxes:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>A 2-kilowatt (2,000-watt) system costs between $5,000 and $15,000 and supplies enough energy to meet most of the needs of an energy-efficient home.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>A 5-kilowatt system may be installed for $10,000 to $40,000, with an average cost of around $20,000, and can meet all the electricity needs of a large home.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar PV systems support energy resiliency in many ways. PV systems with islanding capability and battery storage can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand (see<span> </span><em>Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV and Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Solar islanding and microgrid ready PV systems support the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage. PV systems installed high up on buildings or poles are protected from flood waters. PV systems that meet local codes and wind loading requirements are designed to withstand damage and provide a reliable source of power in hurricane zones.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Eiffert Ph. D, Patrina, and Gregory J. Kiss. NREL. Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Designs for Commercial and Institutional Structures: A Sourcebook for Architects.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/25272.pdf\">www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/25272.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed  April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Off-Grid or Standalone renewable Energy Systems. https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/grid-or-stand-alone-renewable-energy-systems (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>NREL. Connecting Your Solar Electric System to the Utility Grid.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>US DOE. A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US DOE. A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>NREL. Connecting Your Solar Electric System to the Utility Grid<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31687.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a>  NJ’s Clean Energy Program. Net Metering and Interconnection.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/net-metering-and-interconnection\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/net-metering-and-interconnection</a><span> </span>(accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>US Department of Energy. “A Consumer’s Guide: Get Your Power from the Sun.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Renewable Energy World. Advantages and disadvantages of Solar Photovoltaic – Quick Pros and Cons of Solar PV<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/ugc/articles/2012/12/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-solar-photovoltaic--quick-pros-and-cons-of-solar-pv.html\">http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/ugc/articles/2012/12/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-solar-photovoltaic–quick-pros-and-cons-of-solar-pv.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013 Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell3.htm\">The Anatomy of a Photovoltaic System</a></li>\n<li>DSIRE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energysage.com/solar/calculator/?rc=dsirecalc&amp;__hstc=&amp;__hssc=&amp;hsCtaTracking=24f6de41-f4cb-4d54-bd03-4e93c4803dc6%7Cf8ccc64f-8ead-4828-bb3d-8aeff1490f02\">Calculate Your Solar Panel Savings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?fromSir=0&amp;state=NJ\">DSIRE Solar Incentives and Policies for New Jersey</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a></li>\n<li>NJ Office of Clean Energy\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/programs\">Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/project-activity-reports/project-activity-reports\">Solar Activity Reports (including project lists and SREC pricing)</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nabcep.org/\">List of certified system installers in New Jersey</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://pvwatts.nrel.gov/\">NREL PVWatts calculator</a></li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35297.pdf\">A Consumer’s Guide to Solar Electricity for the Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/articles/so-you-want-go-solar-3-things-consider-when-installing-solar-power-home\">Three Things to Consider when installing a Solar Electric System</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wunderground.com/calculators/solar.html?MR=1\">Weather Underground Tool: Calculates potential electricity generation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Photovoltaic (PV) Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1326-revision-v1','','','2022-03-30 22:44:09','2022-03-30 22:44:09','',1326,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1329',0,'revision','',0),(1332,3,'2022-04-04 18:18:08','2022-04-04 18:18:08','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Solar Thermal Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Solar Thermal Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems, whether passive or active, utilize solar power to heat water for domestic or process uses. In the residential sector, this often includes domestic hot water heating for inside the home or for heating a pool. Solar thermal water heating systems use insulated storage tanks and solar collectors that provide for up to 40 – 70% of a home’s water heating needs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Conventional storage water heaters or demand (tankless or instantaneous) water heaters provide backup for cloudy days and increased demand.</p>\n<p>The most common types of solar collectors for residential uses include flat-plate collectors and integral collector-storage systems. Flat-plate collectors consist of insulated and weatherproof boxes with a dark absorber plate under glass or plastic covers that heat water. Integral collectors use the same system as a flat-plate collector, but the water continues to a traditional hot water tank, ensuring a consistent supply of hot water.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_519\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"536\"]<img class=\"wp-image-519 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Solar-Thermal-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)\" width=\"536\" height=\"358\" /> Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Solar Thermal Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>There are several factors to consider before installing a solar thermal system. First, look for opportunities to reduce hot water consumption such as installing water-saving devices like low-flow showerheads, faucet aerators, and water-efficient appliances to help reduce the size of the solar thermal system.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Variables include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, sizing and design of solar thermal systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for residential solar thermal systems.</p>\n<p>Hire an experienced solar thermal system installer, certified by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) to properly site and size the thermal solar system in coordination with standard plumbing trade work.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">Wisdom Way Solar Village (WWSV), Greenfield, MA.</a></p>\n<p>This example describes the results of installing indirect solar water heaters in a development of 20 energy-efficient homes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total installed cost: $9,600</li>\n<li>System efficiency of 67%</li>\n<li>Annual energy savings: $134</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect against the fluctuating costs of fossil fuels, and save on purchasing energy from utility companies while providing additional ecological and user benefits. Solar thermal systems reduce water consumption as well as the consumption of consumable, non-renewable, and often non-domestic energy sources such as natural gas.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems prove most cost-effective in locations with a consistent demand for hot water and high electric or natural gas prices. Solar thermal systems cost more upfront than conventional water heating systems but usually pay for themselves through annual energy savings of 50-80% compared to conventional systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>While costs vary depending on the size of the system, type of system chosen, location, and contractor, for an average sized home, a system may cost between $7600 and $10,000.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>State and federal incentives are also available, which can significantly reduce the installation cost of a solar hot water system. See the New Jersey Clean Energy Program Water Heater rebate program for more information:<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar water heaters offer energy system resiliency in that they can provide hot water needs without a need for electricity or natural gas when installed with additional hardware—including transfer switches, critical load panels, and appropriate controls.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBGD). Solar Water Heating.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php</a><span> </span>(accessed  April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Reduce Hot Water Use for Energy Savings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US Dept of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Indirect Solar Water Heating in Single-Family, Zero Energy Ready Homes.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Denholm, P. 2007. “The Technical Potential of Solar Water Heating to Reduce Fossil Fuel Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States.” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO.  <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Estimating the Cost and Energy Efficiency of a Solar Water Heater.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>US EIA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=14&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi03LHRz9DaAhWJtVkKHa4vBGY4ChAWCDswAw&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fanalysis%2Fstudies%2Fbuildings%2Fequipcosts%2Fpdf%2Ffull.pdf&amp;usg=AOvVaw1usTNTrYxx7EXzDBUgjlL0\">Updated Buildings Sector Appliance and Equipment Costs</a><span> </span><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf\">https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?state=NJ\">Database of Incentives for Renewables &amp; Efficiency – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/\">NREL’s PVWatts Simulator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/solar-water-heaters\">US Department of Energy Solar Water Heater Information</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">Whole Building Design Guide: Introduction to Solar Water Heating</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Solar Thermal Systems','','publish','closed','open','','nr-geothermal','','','2022-04-15 17:17:04','2022-04-15 17:17:04','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1332',0,'post','',0),(1334,3,'2022-04-04 18:18:08','2022-04-04 18:18:08','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Solar Thermal Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Solar Thermal Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems, whether passive or active, utilize solar power to heat water for domestic or process uses. In the residential sector, this often includes domestic hot water heating for inside the home or for heating a pool. Solar thermal water heating systems use insulated storage tanks and solar collectors that provide for up to 40 – 70% of a home’s water heating needs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Conventional storage water heaters or demand (tankless or instantaneous) water heaters provide backup for cloudy days and increased demand.</p>\n<p>The most common types of solar collectors for residential uses include flat-plate collectors and integral collector-storage systems. Flat-plate collectors consist of insulated and weatherproof boxes with a dark absorber plate under glass or plastic covers that heat water. Integral collectors use the same system as a flat-plate collector, but the water continues to a traditional hot water tank, ensuring a consistent supply of hot water.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_519\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-519 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Solar-Thermal-Fig-1-300x200.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" /> Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Solar Thermal Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>There are several factors to consider before installing a solar thermal system. First, look for opportunities to reduce hot water consumption such as installing water-saving devices like low-flow showerheads, faucet aerators, and water-efficient appliances to help reduce the size of the solar thermal system.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Variables include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, sizing and design of solar thermal systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for residential solar thermal systems.</p>\n<p>Hire an experienced solar thermal system installer, certified by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) to properly site and size the thermal solar system in coordination with standard plumbing trade work.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">Wisdom Way Solar Village (WWSV), Greenfield, MA.</a></p>\n<p>This example describes the results of installing indirect solar water heaters in a development of 20 energy-efficient homes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total installed cost: $9,600</li>\n<li>System efficiency of 67%</li>\n<li>Annual energy savings: $134</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect against the fluctuating costs of fossil fuels, and save on purchasing energy from utility companies while providing additional ecological and user benefits. Solar thermal systems reduce water consumption as well as the consumption of consumable, non-renewable, and often non-domestic energy sources such as natural gas.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems prove most cost-effective in locations with a consistent demand for hot water and high electric or natural gas prices. Solar thermal systems cost more upfront than conventional water heating systems but usually pay for themselves through annual energy savings of 50-80% compared to conventional systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>While costs vary depending on the size of the system, type of system chosen, location, and contractor, for an average sized home, a system may cost between $7600 and $10,000.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>State and federal incentives are also available, which can significantly reduce the installation cost of a solar hot water system. See the New Jersey Clean Energy Program Water Heater rebate program for more information:<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar water heaters offer energy system resiliency in that they can provide hot water needs without a need for electricity or natural gas when installed with additional hardware—including transfer switches, critical load panels, and appropriate controls.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBGD). Solar Water Heating.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php</a><span> </span>(accessed  April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Reduce Hot Water Use for Energy Savings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US Dept of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Indirect Solar Water Heating in Single-Family, Zero Energy Ready Homes.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Denholm, P. 2007. “The Technical Potential of Solar Water Heating to Reduce Fossil Fuel Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States.” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO.  <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Estimating the Cost and Energy Efficiency of a Solar Water Heater.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>US EIA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=14&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi03LHRz9DaAhWJtVkKHa4vBGY4ChAWCDswAw&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fanalysis%2Fstudies%2Fbuildings%2Fequipcosts%2Fpdf%2Ffull.pdf&amp;usg=AOvVaw1usTNTrYxx7EXzDBUgjlL0\">Updated Buildings Sector Appliance and Equipment Costs</a><span> </span><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf\">https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?state=NJ\">Database of Incentives for Renewables &amp; Efficiency – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/\">NREL’s PVWatts Simulator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/solar-water-heaters\">US Department of Energy Solar Water Heater Information</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">Whole Building Design Guide: Introduction to Solar Water Heating</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Solar Thermal SystemsSolar Thermal Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1332-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:18:08','2022-04-04 18:18:08','',1332,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1334',0,'revision','',0),(1335,3,'2022-04-04 18:18:09','2022-04-04 18:18:09','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Solar Thermal Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Solar Thermal Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems, whether passive or active, utilize solar power to heat water for domestic or process uses. In the residential sector, this often includes domestic hot water heating for inside the home or for heating a pool. Solar thermal water heating systems use insulated storage tanks and solar collectors that provide for up to 40 – 70% of a home’s water heating needs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Conventional storage water heaters or demand (tankless or instantaneous) water heaters provide backup for cloudy days and increased demand.</p>\n<p>The most common types of solar collectors for residential uses include flat-plate collectors and integral collector-storage systems. Flat-plate collectors consist of insulated and weatherproof boxes with a dark absorber plate under glass or plastic covers that heat water. Integral collectors use the same system as a flat-plate collector, but the water continues to a traditional hot water tank, ensuring a consistent supply of hot water.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_519\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-519 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Solar-Thermal-Fig-1-300x200.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" /> Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Solar Thermal Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>There are several factors to consider before installing a solar thermal system. First, look for opportunities to reduce hot water consumption such as installing water-saving devices like low-flow showerheads, faucet aerators, and water-efficient appliances to help reduce the size of the solar thermal system.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Variables include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, sizing and design of solar thermal systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for residential solar thermal systems.</p>\n<p>Hire an experienced solar thermal system installer, certified by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) to properly site and size the thermal solar system in coordination with standard plumbing trade work.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">Wisdom Way Solar Village (WWSV), Greenfield, MA.</a></p>\n<p>This example describes the results of installing indirect solar water heaters in a development of 20 energy-efficient homes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total installed cost: $9,600</li>\n<li>System efficiency of 67%</li>\n<li>Annual energy savings: $134</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect against the fluctuating costs of fossil fuels, and save on purchasing energy from utility companies while providing additional ecological and user benefits. Solar thermal systems reduce water consumption as well as the consumption of consumable, non-renewable, and often non-domestic energy sources such as natural gas.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems prove most cost-effective in locations with a consistent demand for hot water and high electric or natural gas prices. Solar thermal systems cost more upfront than conventional water heating systems but usually pay for themselves through annual energy savings of 50-80% compared to conventional systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>While costs vary depending on the size of the system, type of system chosen, location, and contractor, for an average sized home, a system may cost between $7600 and $10,000.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>State and federal incentives are also available, which can significantly reduce the installation cost of a solar hot water system. See the New Jersey Clean Energy Program Water Heater rebate program for more information:<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar water heaters offer energy system resiliency in that they can provide hot water needs without a need for electricity or natural gas when installed with additional hardware—including transfer switches, critical load panels, and appropriate controls.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBGD). Solar Water Heating.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php</a><span> </span>(accessed  April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Reduce Hot Water Use for Energy Savings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US Dept of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Indirect Solar Water Heating in Single-Family, Zero Energy Ready Homes.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Denholm, P. 2007. “The Technical Potential of Solar Water Heating to Reduce Fossil Fuel Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States.” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO.  <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Estimating the Cost and Energy Efficiency of a Solar Water Heater.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>US EIA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=14&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi03LHRz9DaAhWJtVkKHa4vBGY4ChAWCDswAw&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fanalysis%2Fstudies%2Fbuildings%2Fequipcosts%2Fpdf%2Ffull.pdf&amp;usg=AOvVaw1usTNTrYxx7EXzDBUgjlL0\">Updated Buildings Sector Appliance and Equipment Costs</a><span> </span><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf\">https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?state=NJ\">Database of Incentives for Renewables &amp; Efficiency – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/\">NREL’s PVWatts Simulator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/solar-water-heaters\">US Department of Energy Solar Water Heater Information</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">Whole Building Design Guide: Introduction to Solar Water Heating</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Photovoltaic (PV) Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1332-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:18:09','2022-04-04 18:18:09','',1332,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1335',0,'revision','',0),(1336,3,'2022-04-04 18:18:12','2022-04-04 18:18:12','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Solar Thermal Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Solar Thermal Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems, whether passive or active, utilize solar power to heat water for domestic or process uses. In the residential sector, this often includes domestic hot water heating for inside the home or for heating a pool. Solar thermal water heating systems use insulated storage tanks and solar collectors that provide for up to 40 – 70% of a home’s water heating needs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Conventional storage water heaters or demand (tankless or instantaneous) water heaters provide backup for cloudy days and increased demand.</p>\n<p>The most common types of solar collectors for residential uses include flat-plate collectors and integral collector-storage systems. Flat-plate collectors consist of insulated and weatherproof boxes with a dark absorber plate under glass or plastic covers that heat water. Integral collectors use the same system as a flat-plate collector, but the water continues to a traditional hot water tank, ensuring a consistent supply of hot water.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_519\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-519 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Solar-Thermal-Fig-1-300x200.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" /> Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Solar Thermal Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>There are several factors to consider before installing a solar thermal system. First, look for opportunities to reduce hot water consumption such as installing water-saving devices like low-flow showerheads, faucet aerators, and water-efficient appliances to help reduce the size of the solar thermal system.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Variables include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, sizing and design of solar thermal systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for residential solar thermal systems.</p>\n<p>Hire an experienced solar thermal system installer, certified by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) to properly site and size the thermal solar system in coordination with standard plumbing trade work.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">Wisdom Way Solar Village (WWSV), Greenfield, MA.</a></p>\n<p>This example describes the results of installing indirect solar water heaters in a development of 20 energy-efficient homes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total installed cost: $9,600</li>\n<li>System efficiency of 67%</li>\n<li>Annual energy savings: $134</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect against the fluctuating costs of fossil fuels, and save on purchasing energy from utility companies while providing additional ecological and user benefits. Solar thermal systems reduce water consumption as well as the consumption of consumable, non-renewable, and often non-domestic energy sources such as natural gas.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems prove most cost-effective in locations with a consistent demand for hot water and high electric or natural gas prices. Solar thermal systems cost more upfront than conventional water heating systems but usually pay for themselves through annual energy savings of 50-80% compared to conventional systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>While costs vary depending on the size of the system, type of system chosen, location, and contractor, for an average sized home, a system may cost between $7600 and $10,000.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>State and federal incentives are also available, which can significantly reduce the installation cost of a solar hot water system. See the New Jersey Clean Energy Program Water Heater rebate program for more information:<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar water heaters offer energy system resiliency in that they can provide hot water needs without a need for electricity or natural gas when installed with additional hardware—including transfer switches, critical load panels, and appropriate controls.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBGD). Solar Water Heating.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php</a><span> </span>(accessed  April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Reduce Hot Water Use for Energy Savings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US Dept of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Indirect Solar Water Heating in Single-Family, Zero Energy Ready Homes.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Denholm, P. 2007. “The Technical Potential of Solar Water Heating to Reduce Fossil Fuel Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States.” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO.  <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Estimating the Cost and Energy Efficiency of a Solar Water Heater.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>US EIA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=14&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi03LHRz9DaAhWJtVkKHa4vBGY4ChAWCDswAw&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fanalysis%2Fstudies%2Fbuildings%2Fequipcosts%2Fpdf%2Ffull.pdf&amp;usg=AOvVaw1usTNTrYxx7EXzDBUgjlL0\">Updated Buildings Sector Appliance and Equipment Costs</a><span> </span><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf\">https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?state=NJ\">Database of Incentives for Renewables &amp; Efficiency – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/\">NREL’s PVWatts Simulator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/solar-water-heaters\">US Department of Energy Solar Water Heater Information</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">Whole Building Design Guide: Introduction to Solar Water Heating</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Solar Thermal SystemsSolar Thermal Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1332-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:18:12','2022-04-04 18:18:12','',1332,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1336',0,'revision','',0),(1337,3,'2022-04-04 18:18:24','2022-04-04 18:18:24','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Solar Thermal Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Solar Thermal Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems, whether passive or active, utilize solar power to heat water for domestic or process uses. In the residential sector, this often includes domestic hot water heating for inside the home or for heating a pool. Solar thermal water heating systems use insulated storage tanks and solar collectors that provide for up to 40 – 70% of a home’s water heating needs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Conventional storage water heaters or demand (tankless or instantaneous) water heaters provide backup for cloudy days and increased demand.</p>\n<p>The most common types of solar collectors for residential uses include flat-plate collectors and integral collector-storage systems. Flat-plate collectors consist of insulated and weatherproof boxes with a dark absorber plate under glass or plastic covers that heat water. Integral collectors use the same system as a flat-plate collector, but the water continues to a traditional hot water tank, ensuring a consistent supply of hot water.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_519\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-519 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Solar-Thermal-Fig-1-300x200.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" /> Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Solar Thermal Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>There are several factors to consider before installing a solar thermal system. First, look for opportunities to reduce hot water consumption such as installing water-saving devices like low-flow showerheads, faucet aerators, and water-efficient appliances to help reduce the size of the solar thermal system.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Variables include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, sizing and design of solar thermal systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for residential solar thermal systems.</p>\n<p>Hire an experienced solar thermal system installer, certified by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) to properly site and size the thermal solar system in coordination with standard plumbing trade work.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">Wisdom Way Solar Village (WWSV), Greenfield, MA.</a></p>\n<p>This example describes the results of installing indirect solar water heaters in a development of 20 energy-efficient homes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total installed cost: $9,600</li>\n<li>System efficiency of 67%</li>\n<li>Annual energy savings: $134</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect against the fluctuating costs of fossil fuels, and save on purchasing energy from utility companies while providing additional ecological and user benefits. Solar thermal systems reduce water consumption as well as the consumption of consumable, non-renewable, and often non-domestic energy sources such as natural gas.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems prove most cost-effective in locations with a consistent demand for hot water and high electric or natural gas prices. Solar thermal systems cost more upfront than conventional water heating systems but usually pay for themselves through annual energy savings of 50-80% compared to conventional systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>While costs vary depending on the size of the system, type of system chosen, location, and contractor, for an average sized home, a system may cost between $7600 and $10,000.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>State and federal incentives are also available, which can significantly reduce the installation cost of a solar hot water system. See the New Jersey Clean Energy Program Water Heater rebate program for more information:<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar water heaters offer energy system resiliency in that they can provide hot water needs without a need for electricity or natural gas when installed with additional hardware—including transfer switches, critical load panels, and appropriate controls.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBGD). Solar Water Heating.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php</a><span> </span>(accessed  April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Reduce Hot Water Use for Energy Savings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US Dept of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Indirect Solar Water Heating in Single-Family, Zero Energy Ready Homes.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Denholm, P. 2007. “The Technical Potential of Solar Water Heating to Reduce Fossil Fuel Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States.” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO.  <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Estimating the Cost and Energy Efficiency of a Solar Water Heater.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>US EIA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=14&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi03LHRz9DaAhWJtVkKHa4vBGY4ChAWCDswAw&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fanalysis%2Fstudies%2Fbuildings%2Fequipcosts%2Fpdf%2Ffull.pdf&amp;usg=AOvVaw1usTNTrYxx7EXzDBUgjlL0\">Updated Buildings Sector Appliance and Equipment Costs</a><span> </span><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf\">https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?state=NJ\">Database of Incentives for Renewables &amp; Efficiency – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/\">NREL’s PVWatts Simulator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/solar-water-heaters\">US Department of Energy Solar Water Heater Information</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">Whole Building Design Guide: Introduction to Solar Water Heating</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Solar Thermal SystemsSolar Thermal Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1332-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:18:24','2022-04-04 18:18:24','',1332,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1337',0,'revision','',0),(1338,3,'2022-04-04 18:18:28','2022-04-04 18:18:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Solar Thermal Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Solar Thermal Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems, whether passive or active, utilize solar power to heat water for domestic or process uses. In the residential sector, this often includes domestic hot water heating for inside the home or for heating a pool. Solar thermal water heating systems use insulated storage tanks and solar collectors that provide for up to 40 – 70% of a home’s water heating needs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Conventional storage water heaters or demand (tankless or instantaneous) water heaters provide backup for cloudy days and increased demand.</p>\n<p>The most common types of solar collectors for residential uses include flat-plate collectors and integral collector-storage systems. Flat-plate collectors consist of insulated and weatherproof boxes with a dark absorber plate under glass or plastic covers that heat water. Integral collectors use the same system as a flat-plate collector, but the water continues to a traditional hot water tank, ensuring a consistent supply of hot water.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_519\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-519 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Solar-Thermal-Fig-1-300x200.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" /> Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Solar Thermal Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>There are several factors to consider before installing a solar thermal system. First, look for opportunities to reduce hot water consumption such as installing water-saving devices like low-flow showerheads, faucet aerators, and water-efficient appliances to help reduce the size of the solar thermal system.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Variables include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, sizing and design of solar thermal systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for residential solar thermal systems.</p>\n<p>Hire an experienced solar thermal system installer, certified by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) to properly site and size the thermal solar system in coordination with standard plumbing trade work.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">Wisdom Way Solar Village (WWSV), Greenfield, MA.</a></p>\n<p>This example describes the results of installing indirect solar water heaters in a development of 20 energy-efficient homes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total installed cost: $9,600</li>\n<li>System efficiency of 67%</li>\n<li>Annual energy savings: $134</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect against the fluctuating costs of fossil fuels, and save on purchasing energy from utility companies while providing additional ecological and user benefits. Solar thermal systems reduce water consumption as well as the consumption of consumable, non-renewable, and often non-domestic energy sources such as natural gas.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems prove most cost-effective in locations with a consistent demand for hot water and high electric or natural gas prices. Solar thermal systems cost more upfront than conventional water heating systems but usually pay for themselves through annual energy savings of 50-80% compared to conventional systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>While costs vary depending on the size of the system, type of system chosen, location, and contractor, for an average sized home, a system may cost between $7600 and $10,000.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>State and federal incentives are also available, which can significantly reduce the installation cost of a solar hot water system. See the New Jersey Clean Energy Program Water Heater rebate program for more information:<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar water heaters offer energy system resiliency in that they can provide hot water needs without a need for electricity or natural gas when installed with additional hardware—including transfer switches, critical load panels, and appropriate controls.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBGD). Solar Water Heating.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php</a><span> </span>(accessed  April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Reduce Hot Water Use for Energy Savings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US Dept of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Indirect Solar Water Heating in Single-Family, Zero Energy Ready Homes.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Denholm, P. 2007. “The Technical Potential of Solar Water Heating to Reduce Fossil Fuel Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States.” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO.  <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Estimating the Cost and Energy Efficiency of a Solar Water Heater.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>US EIA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=14&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi03LHRz9DaAhWJtVkKHa4vBGY4ChAWCDswAw&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fanalysis%2Fstudies%2Fbuildings%2Fequipcosts%2Fpdf%2Ffull.pdf&amp;usg=AOvVaw1usTNTrYxx7EXzDBUgjlL0\">Updated Buildings Sector Appliance and Equipment Costs</a><span> </span><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf\">https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?state=NJ\">Database of Incentives for Renewables &amp; Efficiency – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/\">NREL’s PVWatts Simulator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/solar-water-heaters\">US Department of Energy Solar Water Heater Information</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">Whole Building Design Guide: Introduction to Solar Water Heating</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Solar Thermal Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1332-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:18:28','2022-04-04 18:18:28','',1332,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1338',0,'revision','',0),(1339,3,'2022-04-04 18:19:32','2022-04-04 18:19:32','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"New Residential Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green homes with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing homes. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>The Residential Buildings section includes strategies for new single-family homes. Many of the strategies also pertain to existing single-family homes and support energy-efficient and green home improvement projects that provide resiliency benefits. Whether building a new home or upgrading old systems, new and existing homeowners have the opportunity to select ENERGY STAR equipment, including high-efficiency water heaters, and HVAC equipment. Likewise, all homeowners can incorporate grid back-up capabilities (based on individualized risk factors and site opportunities) and consider storm preparation and planning for disruptive events.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-building-information-modeling-bim/\">Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-composting/\">Composting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-brownfield-and-infill-sites/\">Brownfield and Infill Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-site-protection-plan/\">Site Protection Plan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"5\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','New Residential','','inherit','closed','closed','','1003-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:19:32','2022-04-04 18:19:32','',1003,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1339',0,'revision','',0),(1340,3,'2022-04-04 18:21:35','2022-04-04 18:21:35','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"New Residential Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green homes with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing homes. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>The Residential Buildings section includes strategies for new single-family homes. Many of the strategies also pertain to existing single-family homes and support energy-efficient and green home improvement projects that provide resiliency benefits. Whether building a new home or upgrading old systems, new and existing homeowners have the opportunity to select ENERGY STAR equipment, including high-efficiency water heaters, and HVAC equipment. Likewise, all homeowners can incorporate grid back-up capabilities (based on individualized risk factors and site opportunities) and consider storm preparation and planning for disruptive events.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-building-information-modeling-bim/\">Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-composting/\">Composting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-brownfield-and-infill-sites/\">Brownfield and Infill Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-site-protection-plan/\">Site Protection Plan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><strong>Envelope</strong><span></span></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Massing</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Mechanicals and Equipment</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-part-load-efficiency/\">Part-Load Efficiency</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Energy Supply</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-geothermal-heat-pumps/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-green-power/\">Green Power</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Wind Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic Systems (PV)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-geothermal/\">Solar Thermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"5\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','New Residential','','inherit','closed','closed','','1003-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:21:35','2022-04-04 18:21:35','',1003,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1340',0,'revision','',0),(1341,3,'2022-04-04 18:24:29','2022-04-04 18:24:29','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Indoor Water Conservation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Indoor Water Conservation?</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation refers to home operations, occupant behaviors and water-efficient fixtures and appliances that help to reduce overall water consumption in a home. In New Jersey, the average New Jersey resident uses 70 gallons of water per day, with outdoor irrigation making up the most significant percentage of total water use (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a>  Figure 1 shows that the most significant areas for potential indoor water savings in typical residential buildings are restrooms including toilets, showerheads, and faucets, clothes washers, and leaks.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>New Jersey’s receives ample average rainfall of 45 inches per year, and the state’s geology supports the storage of large quantities of groundwater and surface water reservoirs. Preventative conservation efforts and water-efficient equipment upgrades can reduce the risk of water shortages and reduce costs associated with increasing population growth, aging water infrastructure, and climate change impacts such as droughts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>Indoor water conservation generally addresses water use reductions in four areas:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reducing water losses associated with leaks.</li>\n<li>Increasing the water efficiency of fixtures, equipment, systems, and processes.</li>\n<li>Educating homeowners and tenants about water conservation to encourage water-saving behaviors.</li>\n<li>Reusing onsite wastewater for irrigation and non-potable uses.</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_358\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"450\"]<img class=\"wp-image-358 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Indoor-Water-Use-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – End Uses of Water in Residential Buildings (Source: Water Resource Foundation, 2016)\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" /> Figure 1 – End Uses of Water in Residential Buildings (Source: Water Resource Foundation, 2016)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Indoor Water Conservation</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing indoor water conservation in a residential building typically includes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing water meters and sub-meters and leak detection sensors to track water usage, find and fix leaks and equipment failures, and identify opportunities for water savings (see<span> </span><em>Smart Meters, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).</li>\n<li>Specifying low-flow,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/watersense-products\">WaterSense</a><span> </span>certified fixtures such as toilets, showers, faucets, and aerators, and energy-efficient,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">EnergyStar</a><span> </span>certified appliances, such as dishwashers and clothes washers, that also conserve water (see<span> </span><em>Energy Star Equipment and Plug Load</em>).</li>\n<li>Properly maintaining HVAC systems to minimize water used for heating and cooling equipment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n<li>Minimizing irrigation or recovering wastewater for irrigation and uses that do not require potable water such as toilet and urinal flushing (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping, Rain Barrels and Cisterns, On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</li>\n<li>Educating homeowners and tenants on water conservation efforts and procedures to ensure the proper use of water-saving equipment (e.g., homeowner and manufacturer manuals).</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/watersense-labeled-homes\">US EPA WaterSense Labeled Homes</a></p>\n<p>WaterSense Labeled Homes Version 2 establishes a mandatory checklist and performance criteria to earn the WaterSense label. The mandatory checklist for WaterSense Labeled Homes includes a pressure-loss test of all water supplies and a visual leak inspection for toilets, bathroom, and kitchen faucets, shower heads, and fixtures and appliances. The checklist also requires WaterSense labeled toilets, bathroom sink faucets, and showerheads. Also, a WaterSense labeled home must be 30 percent more water efficient than typical new construction (based on national standards and requirements).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation reduces the strain on natural water resources and ensures future water supplies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Water saving fixtures and appliances save money on water and energy bills without sacrificing performance, the latter savings due to the significant amount of energy often used to heat water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>For example, toilets account for nearly 30% of water use in the average home. Households that install WaterSense labeled toilets, which use 1.28 gallons per flush use 20% less water than households that install standard toilets, which use 1.6 gallons per flush.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a><span> </span>EnergyStar certified dishwashers use 30% less water and are 12% more energy efficient than standard models.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Indoor water conservation can also reduce the costs and the amount of energy required to treat, pump, and transport water and wastewater.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation enhances resiliency by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity. Water use reductions also decrease the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2010. New Jersey Water Fact Sheet.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/ws-ourwater-new-jersey-state-fact-sheet.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/ws-ourwater-new-jersey-state-fact-sheet.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. Saving Water in Office Buildings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-offices.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-offices.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2017, New Jersey Water Supply Plan 2017-2022: 484p,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/pdf/wsp.pdf\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/pdf/wsp.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>  (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. Types of Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/types-facilities\">https://www.epa.gov/watersense/types-facilities</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2017. Water Management and Best Practices at EPA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-management-plans-and-best-practices-epa\">https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-management-plans-and-best-practices-epa</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. WaterSense Specification for Home Version 2 Concept Paper<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-10/documents/ws-homes-v2-concept-paper.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-10/documents/ws-homes-v2-concept-paper.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience. 2018. The Case for Water Conservation in New Jersey.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-general-ci.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-general-ci.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. Residential Toilets.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/residential-toilets\">https://www.epa.gov/watersense/residential-toilets</a><span> </span> (accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>US Energy Star. 2018. Dishwashers.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/appliances/dishwashers\">https://www.energystar.gov/products/appliances/dishwashers</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience. 2018. The Case for Water Conservation in New Jersey.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/\">ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Meters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/docs/guide_indoor_water_conservation.pdf\">NJ DEP Creating Sustainable Communities – Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njwatersavers.rutgers.edu/\">NJ WaterSavers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Indoor Water Conservation','','publish','closed','open','','nr-indoor-water-conservation','','','2022-04-15 17:17:03','2022-04-15 17:17:03','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1341',0,'post','',0),(1343,3,'2022-04-04 18:24:29','2022-04-04 18:24:29','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Indoor Water Conservation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Indoor Water Conservation?</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation refers to home operations, occupant behaviors and water-efficient fixtures and appliances that help to reduce overall water consumption in a home. In New Jersey, the average New Jersey resident uses 70 gallons of water per day, with outdoor irrigation making up the most significant percentage of total water use (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a>  Figure 1 shows that the most significant areas for potential indoor water savings in typical residential buildings are restrooms including toilets, showerheads, and faucets, clothes washers, and leaks.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>New Jersey’s receives ample average rainfall of 45 inches per year, and the state’s geology supports the storage of large quantities of groundwater and surface water reservoirs. Preventative conservation efforts and water-efficient equipment upgrades can reduce the risk of water shortages and reduce costs associated with increasing population growth, aging water infrastructure, and climate change impacts such as droughts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>Indoor water conservation generally addresses water use reductions in four areas:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reducing water losses associated with leaks.</li>\n<li>Increasing the water efficiency of fixtures, equipment, systems, and processes.</li>\n<li>Educating homeowners and tenants about water conservation to encourage water-saving behaviors.</li>\n<li>Reusing onsite wastewater for irrigation and non-potable uses.</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_358\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"450\"]<img class=\"wp-image-358 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Indoor-Water-Use-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – End Uses of Water in Residential Buildings (Source: Water Resource Foundation, 2016)\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" /> Figure 1 – End Uses of Water in Residential Buildings (Source: Water Resource Foundation, 2016)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Indoor Water Conservation</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing indoor water conservation in a residential building typically includes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing water meters and sub-meters and leak detection sensors to track water usage, find and fix leaks and equipment failures, and identify opportunities for water savings (see<span> </span><em>Smart Meters, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).</li>\n<li>Specifying low-flow,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/watersense-products\">WaterSense</a><span> </span>certified fixtures such as toilets, showers, faucets, and aerators, and energy-efficient,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">EnergyStar</a><span> </span>certified appliances, such as dishwashers and clothes washers, that also conserve water (see<span> </span><em>Energy Star Equipment and Plug Load</em>).</li>\n<li>Properly maintaining HVAC systems to minimize water used for heating and cooling equipment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n<li>Minimizing irrigation or recovering wastewater for irrigation and uses that do not require potable water such as toilet and urinal flushing (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping, Rain Barrels and Cisterns, On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</li>\n<li>Educating homeowners and tenants on water conservation efforts and procedures to ensure the proper use of water-saving equipment (e.g., homeowner and manufacturer manuals).</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/watersense-labeled-homes\">US EPA WaterSense Labeled Homes</a></p>\n<p>WaterSense Labeled Homes Version 2 establishes a mandatory checklist and performance criteria to earn the WaterSense label. The mandatory checklist for WaterSense Labeled Homes includes a pressure-loss test of all water supplies and a visual leak inspection for toilets, bathroom, and kitchen faucets, shower heads, and fixtures and appliances. The checklist also requires WaterSense labeled toilets, bathroom sink faucets, and showerheads. Also, a WaterSense labeled home must be 30 percent more water efficient than typical new construction (based on national standards and requirements).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation reduces the strain on natural water resources and ensures future water supplies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Water saving fixtures and appliances save money on water and energy bills without sacrificing performance, the latter savings due to the significant amount of energy often used to heat water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>For example, toilets account for nearly 30% of water use in the average home. Households that install WaterSense labeled toilets, which use 1.28 gallons per flush use 20% less water than households that install standard toilets, which use 1.6 gallons per flush.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a><span> </span>EnergyStar certified dishwashers use 30% less water and are 12% more energy efficient than standard models.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Indoor water conservation can also reduce the costs and the amount of energy required to treat, pump, and transport water and wastewater.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation enhances resiliency by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity. Water use reductions also decrease the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2010. New Jersey Water Fact Sheet.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/ws-ourwater-new-jersey-state-fact-sheet.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/ws-ourwater-new-jersey-state-fact-sheet.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. Saving Water in Office Buildings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-offices.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-offices.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2017, New Jersey Water Supply Plan 2017-2022: 484p,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/pdf/wsp.pdf\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/pdf/wsp.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>  (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. Types of Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/types-facilities\">https://www.epa.gov/watersense/types-facilities</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2017. Water Management and Best Practices at EPA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-management-plans-and-best-practices-epa\">https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-management-plans-and-best-practices-epa</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. WaterSense Specification for Home Version 2 Concept Paper<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-10/documents/ws-homes-v2-concept-paper.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-10/documents/ws-homes-v2-concept-paper.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience. 2018. The Case for Water Conservation in New Jersey.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-general-ci.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-general-ci.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. Residential Toilets.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/residential-toilets\">https://www.epa.gov/watersense/residential-toilets</a><span> </span> (accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>US Energy Star. 2018. Dishwashers.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/appliances/dishwashers\">https://www.energystar.gov/products/appliances/dishwashers</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience. 2018. The Case for Water Conservation in New Jersey.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/\">ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Meters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/docs/guide_indoor_water_conservation.pdf\">NJ DEP Creating Sustainable Communities – Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njwatersavers.rutgers.edu/\">NJ WaterSavers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Indoor Water Conservation','','inherit','closed','closed','','1341-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:24:29','2022-04-04 18:24:29','',1341,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1343',0,'revision','',0),(1344,3,'2022-04-04 18:24:29','2022-04-04 18:24:29','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Indoor Water Conservation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Indoor Water Conservation?</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation refers to home operations, occupant behaviors and water-efficient fixtures and appliances that help to reduce overall water consumption in a home. In New Jersey, the average New Jersey resident uses 70 gallons of water per day, with outdoor irrigation making up the most significant percentage of total water use (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a>  Figure 1 shows that the most significant areas for potential indoor water savings in typical residential buildings are restrooms including toilets, showerheads, and faucets, clothes washers, and leaks.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>New Jersey’s receives ample average rainfall of 45 inches per year, and the state’s geology supports the storage of large quantities of groundwater and surface water reservoirs. Preventative conservation efforts and water-efficient equipment upgrades can reduce the risk of water shortages and reduce costs associated with increasing population growth, aging water infrastructure, and climate change impacts such as droughts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>Indoor water conservation generally addresses water use reductions in four areas:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reducing water losses associated with leaks.</li>\n<li>Increasing the water efficiency of fixtures, equipment, systems, and processes.</li>\n<li>Educating homeowners and tenants about water conservation to encourage water-saving behaviors.</li>\n<li>Reusing onsite wastewater for irrigation and non-potable uses.</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_358\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"450\"]<img class=\"wp-image-358 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Indoor-Water-Use-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – End Uses of Water in Residential Buildings (Source: Water Resource Foundation, 2016)\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" /> Figure 1 – End Uses of Water in Residential Buildings (Source: Water Resource Foundation, 2016)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Indoor Water Conservation</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing indoor water conservation in a residential building typically includes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing water meters and sub-meters and leak detection sensors to track water usage, find and fix leaks and equipment failures, and identify opportunities for water savings (see<span> </span><em>Smart Meters, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).</li>\n<li>Specifying low-flow,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/watersense-products\">WaterSense</a><span> </span>certified fixtures such as toilets, showers, faucets, and aerators, and energy-efficient,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">EnergyStar</a><span> </span>certified appliances, such as dishwashers and clothes washers, that also conserve water (see<span> </span><em>Energy Star Equipment and Plug Load</em>).</li>\n<li>Properly maintaining HVAC systems to minimize water used for heating and cooling equipment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n<li>Minimizing irrigation or recovering wastewater for irrigation and uses that do not require potable water such as toilet and urinal flushing (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping, Rain Barrels and Cisterns, On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</li>\n<li>Educating homeowners and tenants on water conservation efforts and procedures to ensure the proper use of water-saving equipment (e.g., homeowner and manufacturer manuals).</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/watersense-labeled-homes\">US EPA WaterSense Labeled Homes</a></p>\n<p>WaterSense Labeled Homes Version 2 establishes a mandatory checklist and performance criteria to earn the WaterSense label. The mandatory checklist for WaterSense Labeled Homes includes a pressure-loss test of all water supplies and a visual leak inspection for toilets, bathroom, and kitchen faucets, shower heads, and fixtures and appliances. The checklist also requires WaterSense labeled toilets, bathroom sink faucets, and showerheads. Also, a WaterSense labeled home must be 30 percent more water efficient than typical new construction (based on national standards and requirements).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation reduces the strain on natural water resources and ensures future water supplies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Water saving fixtures and appliances save money on water and energy bills without sacrificing performance, the latter savings due to the significant amount of energy often used to heat water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>For example, toilets account for nearly 30% of water use in the average home. Households that install WaterSense labeled toilets, which use 1.28 gallons per flush use 20% less water than households that install standard toilets, which use 1.6 gallons per flush.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a><span> </span>EnergyStar certified dishwashers use 30% less water and are 12% more energy efficient than standard models.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Indoor water conservation can also reduce the costs and the amount of energy required to treat, pump, and transport water and wastewater.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation enhances resiliency by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity. Water use reductions also decrease the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2010. New Jersey Water Fact Sheet.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/ws-ourwater-new-jersey-state-fact-sheet.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/ws-ourwater-new-jersey-state-fact-sheet.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. Saving Water in Office Buildings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-offices.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-offices.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2017, New Jersey Water Supply Plan 2017-2022: 484p,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/pdf/wsp.pdf\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/pdf/wsp.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>  (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. Types of Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/types-facilities\">https://www.epa.gov/watersense/types-facilities</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2017. Water Management and Best Practices at EPA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-management-plans-and-best-practices-epa\">https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-management-plans-and-best-practices-epa</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. WaterSense Specification for Home Version 2 Concept Paper<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-10/documents/ws-homes-v2-concept-paper.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-10/documents/ws-homes-v2-concept-paper.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience. 2018. The Case for Water Conservation in New Jersey.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-general-ci.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-general-ci.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. Residential Toilets.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/residential-toilets\">https://www.epa.gov/watersense/residential-toilets</a><span> </span> (accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>US Energy Star. 2018. Dishwashers.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/appliances/dishwashers\">https://www.energystar.gov/products/appliances/dishwashers</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience. 2018. The Case for Water Conservation in New Jersey.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/\">ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Meters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/docs/guide_indoor_water_conservation.pdf\">NJ DEP Creating Sustainable Communities – Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njwatersavers.rutgers.edu/\">NJ WaterSavers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Solar Thermal Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1341-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:24:29','2022-04-04 18:24:29','',1341,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1344',0,'revision','',0),(1345,3,'2022-04-04 18:24:32','2022-04-04 18:24:32','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Indoor Water Conservation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Indoor Water Conservation?</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation refers to home operations, occupant behaviors and water-efficient fixtures and appliances that help to reduce overall water consumption in a home. In New Jersey, the average New Jersey resident uses 70 gallons of water per day, with outdoor irrigation making up the most significant percentage of total water use (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a>  Figure 1 shows that the most significant areas for potential indoor water savings in typical residential buildings are restrooms including toilets, showerheads, and faucets, clothes washers, and leaks.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>New Jersey’s receives ample average rainfall of 45 inches per year, and the state’s geology supports the storage of large quantities of groundwater and surface water reservoirs. Preventative conservation efforts and water-efficient equipment upgrades can reduce the risk of water shortages and reduce costs associated with increasing population growth, aging water infrastructure, and climate change impacts such as droughts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>Indoor water conservation generally addresses water use reductions in four areas:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reducing water losses associated with leaks.</li>\n<li>Increasing the water efficiency of fixtures, equipment, systems, and processes.</li>\n<li>Educating homeowners and tenants about water conservation to encourage water-saving behaviors.</li>\n<li>Reusing onsite wastewater for irrigation and non-potable uses.</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_358\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"450\"]<img class=\"wp-image-358 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Indoor-Water-Use-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – End Uses of Water in Residential Buildings (Source: Water Resource Foundation, 2016)\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" /> Figure 1 – End Uses of Water in Residential Buildings (Source: Water Resource Foundation, 2016)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Indoor Water Conservation</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing indoor water conservation in a residential building typically includes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing water meters and sub-meters and leak detection sensors to track water usage, find and fix leaks and equipment failures, and identify opportunities for water savings (see<span> </span><em>Smart Meters, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).</li>\n<li>Specifying low-flow,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/watersense-products\">WaterSense</a><span> </span>certified fixtures such as toilets, showers, faucets, and aerators, and energy-efficient,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">EnergyStar</a><span> </span>certified appliances, such as dishwashers and clothes washers, that also conserve water (see<span> </span><em>Energy Star Equipment and Plug Load</em>).</li>\n<li>Properly maintaining HVAC systems to minimize water used for heating and cooling equipment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n<li>Minimizing irrigation or recovering wastewater for irrigation and uses that do not require potable water such as toilet and urinal flushing (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping, Rain Barrels and Cisterns, On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</li>\n<li>Educating homeowners and tenants on water conservation efforts and procedures to ensure the proper use of water-saving equipment (e.g., homeowner and manufacturer manuals).</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/watersense-labeled-homes\">US EPA WaterSense Labeled Homes</a></p>\n<p>WaterSense Labeled Homes Version 2 establishes a mandatory checklist and performance criteria to earn the WaterSense label. The mandatory checklist for WaterSense Labeled Homes includes a pressure-loss test of all water supplies and a visual leak inspection for toilets, bathroom, and kitchen faucets, shower heads, and fixtures and appliances. The checklist also requires WaterSense labeled toilets, bathroom sink faucets, and showerheads. Also, a WaterSense labeled home must be 30 percent more water efficient than typical new construction (based on national standards and requirements).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation reduces the strain on natural water resources and ensures future water supplies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Water saving fixtures and appliances save money on water and energy bills without sacrificing performance, the latter savings due to the significant amount of energy often used to heat water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>For example, toilets account for nearly 30% of water use in the average home. Households that install WaterSense labeled toilets, which use 1.28 gallons per flush use 20% less water than households that install standard toilets, which use 1.6 gallons per flush.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a><span> </span>EnergyStar certified dishwashers use 30% less water and are 12% more energy efficient than standard models.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Indoor water conservation can also reduce the costs and the amount of energy required to treat, pump, and transport water and wastewater.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor water conservation enhances resiliency by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity. Water use reductions also decrease the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2010. New Jersey Water Fact Sheet.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/ws-ourwater-new-jersey-state-fact-sheet.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/ws-ourwater-new-jersey-state-fact-sheet.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. Saving Water in Office Buildings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-offices.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-offices.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2017, New Jersey Water Supply Plan 2017-2022: 484p,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/pdf/wsp.pdf\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/pdf/wsp.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>  (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. Types of Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/types-facilities\">https://www.epa.gov/watersense/types-facilities</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2017. Water Management and Best Practices at EPA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-management-plans-and-best-practices-epa\">https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-management-plans-and-best-practices-epa</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. WaterSense Specification for Home Version 2 Concept Paper<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-10/documents/ws-homes-v2-concept-paper.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-10/documents/ws-homes-v2-concept-paper.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience. 2018. The Case for Water Conservation in New Jersey.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2012. Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-general-ci.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/ws-commercial-factsheet-general-ci.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>US EPA WaterSense. 2018. Residential Toilets.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/residential-toilets\">https://www.epa.gov/watersense/residential-toilets</a><span> </span> (accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>US Energy Star. 2018. Dishwashers.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/appliances/dishwashers\">https://www.energystar.gov/products/appliances/dishwashers</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience. 2018. The Case for Water Conservation in New Jersey.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/\">ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Meters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/conserve.htm\">NJ DEP Division of Water Supply and Geoscience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/docs/guide_indoor_water_conservation.pdf\">NJ DEP Creating Sustainable Communities – Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njwatersavers.rutgers.edu/\">NJ WaterSavers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Indoor Water Conservation','','inherit','closed','closed','','1341-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:24:32','2022-04-04 18:24:32','',1341,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1345',0,'revision','',0),(1346,3,'2022-04-04 18:25:01','2022-04-04 18:25:01','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Solar Thermal Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Solar Thermal Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems, whether passive or active, utilize solar power to heat water for domestic or process uses. In the residential sector, this often includes domestic hot water heating for inside the home or for heating a pool. Solar thermal water heating systems use insulated storage tanks and solar collectors that provide for up to 40 – 70% of a home’s water heating needs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Conventional storage water heaters or demand (tankless or instantaneous) water heaters provide backup for cloudy days and increased demand.</p>\n<p>The most common types of solar collectors for residential uses include flat-plate collectors and integral collector-storage systems. Flat-plate collectors consist of insulated and weatherproof boxes with a dark absorber plate under glass or plastic covers that heat water. Integral collectors use the same system as a flat-plate collector, but the water continues to a traditional hot water tank, ensuring a consistent supply of hot water.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_519\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"536\"]<img class=\"wp-image-519 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Solar-Thermal-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)\" width=\"536\" height=\"358\" /> Figure 1- Rooftop flat-plate solar collector (Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Solar Thermal Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>There are several factors to consider before installing a solar thermal system. First, look for opportunities to reduce hot water consumption such as installing water-saving devices like low-flow showerheads, faucet aerators, and water-efficient appliances to help reduce the size of the solar thermal system.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Variables include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, sizing and design of solar thermal systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding for residential solar thermal systems.</p>\n<p>Hire an experienced solar thermal system installer, certified by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) to properly site and size the thermal solar system in coordination with standard plumbing trade work.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">Wisdom Way Solar Village (WWSV), Greenfield, MA.</a></p>\n<p>This example describes the results of installing indirect solar water heaters in a development of 20 energy-efficient homes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total installed cost: $9,600</li>\n<li>System efficiency of 67%</li>\n<li>Annual energy savings: $134</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect against the fluctuating costs of fossil fuels, and save on purchasing energy from utility companies while providing additional ecological and user benefits. Solar thermal systems reduce water consumption as well as the consumption of consumable, non-renewable, and often non-domestic energy sources such as natural gas.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar thermal systems prove most cost-effective in locations with a consistent demand for hot water and high electric or natural gas prices. Solar thermal systems cost more upfront than conventional water heating systems but usually pay for themselves through annual energy savings of 50-80% compared to conventional systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>While costs vary depending on the size of the system, type of system chosen, location, and contractor, for an average sized home, a system may cost between $7600 and $10,000.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>State and federal incentives are also available, which can significantly reduce the installation cost of a solar hot water system. See the New Jersey Clean Energy Program Water Heater rebate program for more information:<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/warmadvantage/gas-water-heaters</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Solar water heaters offer energy system resiliency in that they can provide hot water needs without a need for electricity or natural gas when installed with additional hardware—including transfer switches, critical load panels, and appropriate controls.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBGD). Solar Water Heating.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php</a><span> </span>(accessed  April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Reduce Hot Water Use for Energy Savings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/reduce-hot-water-use-energy-savings</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US Dept of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Guide to Integrating Renewable Energy in Federal Construction.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOE/DOECRIT/re_construction_guide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Indirect Solar Water Heating in Single-Family, Zero Energy Ready Homes.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65187.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Denholm, P. 2007. “The Technical Potential of Solar Water Heating to Reduce Fossil Fuel Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States.” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO.  <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41157.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Estimating the Cost and Energy Efficiency of a Solar Water Heater.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/estimating-cost-and-energy-efficiency-solar-water-heater</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-geothermal/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>US EIA.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=14&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi03LHRz9DaAhWJtVkKHa4vBGY4ChAWCDswAw&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fanalysis%2Fstudies%2Fbuildings%2Fequipcosts%2Fpdf%2Ffull.pdf&amp;usg=AOvVaw1usTNTrYxx7EXzDBUgjlL0\">Updated Buildings Sector Appliance and Equipment Costs</a><span> </span><a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf\">https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/buildings/equipcosts/pdf/full.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic (PV) Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?state=NJ\">Database of Incentives for Renewables &amp; Efficiency – New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof#p=0\">Google Project Sunroof</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/\">NREL’s PVWatts Simulator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/tradeally/approved_vendorsearch/?id=80&amp;start=1\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program – Trade-Ally: Residential</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/water-heating/solar-water-heaters\">US Department of Energy Solar Water Heater Information</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/swheating.php\">Whole Building Design Guide: Introduction to Solar Water Heating</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Solar Thermal Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1332-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:25:01','2022-04-04 18:25:01','',1332,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1346',0,'revision','',0),(1347,3,'2022-04-04 18:29:15','2022-04-04 18:29:15','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Onsite Alternative Water Reuse\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Onsite Alternative Water Reuse?  </strong></h2>\n<p>Onsite alternative water reuse intentionally captures, treats, and utilizes stormwater, graywater, and wastewater for reuse at the building site. Stormwater includes precipitation such as rainfall and snowmelt. Graywater (also spelled gray water, greywater and grey water) refers to untreated water from bathroom sinks, laundry, and bathing and does not include water contaminated with toilet waste, food and grease content from kitchen sinks, or dishwasher soap residue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Graywater is of lesser quality than potable (drinking) water but of higher quality than blackwater, which in New Jersey refers to wastewater from water closets, toilets, and urinals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Potential sources of onsite alternative water include rainwater and treated graywater and blackwater. Figure 1 shows graywater reuse from washing machines and showering for outdoor landscaping. Graywater from showers can also be used to flush toilets.</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_189\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1190\"]<img class=\"wp-image-189 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-OnSite-Alternative-Water-Reuse-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Graywater reuse for subsurface landscape irrigation. (Source: Alliance for Water Efficiency)\" width=\"1190\" height=\"298\" /> Figure 1 – Graywater reuse for subsurface landscape irrigation. (Source: Alliance for Water Efficiency)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Onsite Alternative Water Reuse</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing onsite alternative water reuse starts with water conservation and includes identifying and evaluating opportunities to substitute or supplement potable water use with onsite alternative water sources based on the water quality and treatment requirements of the intended end-uses, and the feasibility of capturing and delivering alternative water sources to those end-uses (see<span> </span><em>Indoor Water Conservation</em>).</p>\n<p>Harvest and filter rainwater from rooftops to supplement or replace landscape irrigation and toilet flushing (see<span> </span><em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, Vegetated Roofs, and Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Rainwater that flows over non-roof surfaces and filtered by rain gardens or captured by retention ponds also provides an alternative water source for landscape irrigation (see<span> </span><em>Rain Gardens</em>,<span> </span><em>Water-Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n<p>Capture graywater from bathtubs, showers, bathroom sinks, and clothes washers by designating separate drain lines, storage units, and pumps to deliver graywater to desired locations. Graywater used for subsurface irrigation of trees, shrubs, and gardens requires filtering to remove suspended solids. Indoor uses for graywater such as toilet flushing, or above-ground irrigation for turf grass or edible gardens often require additional treatment through natural, mechanical or chemical applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Treatment systems include engineered systems, tailored to specific projects, and packaged systems designed to fit a wide range of project applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Blackwater treatment systems requires a higher level of treatment to bring recycled water to acceptable standards for reuse. Constructed wetlands use a combination of plants, snails, clams, algae, and fish to filter and break down compounds in blackwater. Commercial treatment systems may include sedimentation, membrane filtration or UV sterilization. Composting toilets provide another way to reduce potable water use and reduce the need for wastewater treatment.</p>\n<p>Hire certified professionals familiar with the design, construction, and maintenance of onsite alternative water reuse systems. Review local ordinances, permitting requirements, and plumbing codes.</p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.iapmo.org/westand/Pages/GreenPlumbingandMechanicalCodeSupplement.aspx\">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Green Plumbing &amp; Mechanical Code Supplement</a><span> </span>provides guidance on implementing onsite alternative water reuse for non-potable end-uses.</p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nsf.org/services/by-industry/water-wastewater/onsite-wastewater/onsite-reuse-water-treatment-systems\">NSF International/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI) 350,<span> </span><em>Onsite Residential and Commercial Reuse Treatment Systems</em></a><span> </span>establishes design, construction and performance requirements for onsite alternative reuse systems.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb1.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/JAWRA2007.pdf\">The Solaire, New York City</a></p>\n<p>The Solaire, a LEED Gold certified residential high-rise building in Battery Park completed in 2003 offers examples of onsite alternative water reuse and wastewater treatment technologies. Indoor water conservation measures include low-flow fixtures, toilets, and appliances that reduce potable water use by 43%. The building’s onsite wastewater treatment plant utilizes digestion, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection to processes 30,000 gallons of blackwater each day and reuses it as cooling water for two on-site cooling towers and to flush toilets in both the Solaire and an adjacent building, the Verdesian. The Solaire’s vegetated roof helps manage stormwater and diverts excess stormwater runoff to a 10,000-gallon basement water storage tank that stores the water for later use by the vegetated roofs drip irrigation system.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Onsite alternative water reuse reduces potable water use and the reliance on surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water purchased from a third-party.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Harvesting rainwater can reduce stormwater runoff, flooding, and pollution. Graywater and blackwater reuse reduces the strain on municipal water and wastewater treatment plants. Compared to potable water, recycled water used for irrigation often contains higher levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen, that lessens the need for synthetic fertilizers. Onsite alternative water reuse reduces the energy required to transport water or pump water from deep underground sources. Using recycled water for applications that do not require water treated to potable or drinkable water quality standards saves energy and money by reducing treatment requirements.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and onsite alternative water use technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As onsite alternative water technologies evolve, and costs decline, and water shortages and water quality issues become more common, the resiliency benefits of a local and reliable water resource on the ability to shelter in place, health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>For more information see the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-reuse-systems-report.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency’s Report: Water Savings &amp; Financial Benefits of Single-Family Packaged Graywater Systems</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Using onsite alternative water resources enhances resiliency by utilizing safe, reliable, redundant and locally controlled water supplies, by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity, and by protecting sensitive, natural water bodies. Reducing potable water use reduces the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure (see<span> </span><em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Many water pumps run on electricity, and without a source of backup power, fail to operate during power outages highlighting the importance of onsite alternative water sources and treatment options that cover all or part of onsite water use and wastewater treatment needs (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Compostable toilets also increase resiliency by continuing to operate during water shortages and by preventing sewage backups.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. Division of Water Quality.<span> </span><em>Standards for Individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems.</em><span> </span><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf\">www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170513121841/https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/default.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/\">New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Division of Water Quality</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/\">Rutgers University NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program</a></li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling/#benefits\">Water Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://watereuse.org/\">WaterReuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Onsite Alternative Water Reuse','','publish','closed','open','','nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse','','','2022-06-23 17:43:18','2022-06-23 17:43:18','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1347',0,'post','',0),(1348,3,'2022-04-04 18:26:31','2022-04-04 18:26:31','','download','','inherit','open','closed','','download','','','2022-04-04 18:26:31','2022-04-04 18:26:31','',1347,'http://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/download.png',0,'attachment','image/png',0),(1350,3,'2022-04-04 18:29:15','2022-04-04 18:29:15','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Onsite Alternative Water Reuse\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Onsite Alternative Water Reuse?  </strong></h2>\n<p>Onsite alternative water reuse intentionally captures, treats, and utilizes stormwater, graywater, and wastewater for reuse at the building site. Stormwater includes precipitation such as rainfall and snowmelt. Graywater (also spelled gray water, greywater and grey water) refers to untreated water from bathroom sinks, laundry, and bathing and does not include water contaminated with toilet waste, food and grease content from kitchen sinks, or dishwasher soap residue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Graywater is of lesser quality than potable (drinking) water but of higher quality than blackwater, which in New Jersey refers to wastewater from water closets, toilets, and urinals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Potential sources of onsite alternative water include rainwater and treated graywater and blackwater. Figure 1 shows graywater reuse from washing machines and showering for outdoor landscaping. Graywater from showers can also be used to flush toilets.</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_189\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1190\"]<img class=\"wp-image-189 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-OnSite-Alternative-Water-Reuse-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Graywater reuse for subsurface landscape irrigation. (Source: Alliance for Water Efficiency)\" width=\"1190\" height=\"298\" /> Figure 1 – Graywater reuse for subsurface landscape irrigation. (Source: Alliance for Water Efficiency)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Onsite Alternative Water Reuse</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing onsite alternative water reuse starts with water conservation and includes identifying and evaluating opportunities to substitute or supplement potable water use with onsite alternative water sources based on the water quality and treatment requirements of the intended end-uses, and the feasibility of capturing and delivering alternative water sources to those end-uses (see<span> </span><em>Indoor Water Conservation</em>).</p>\n<p>Harvest and filter rainwater from rooftops to supplement or replace landscape irrigation and toilet flushing (see<span> </span><em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, Vegetated Roofs, and Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Rainwater that flows over non-roof surfaces and filtered by rain gardens or captured by retention ponds also provides an alternative water source for landscape irrigation (see<span> </span><em>Rain Gardens</em>,<span> </span><em>Water-Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n<p>Capture graywater from bathtubs, showers, bathroom sinks, and clothes washers by designating separate drain lines, storage units, and pumps to deliver graywater to desired locations. Graywater used for subsurface irrigation of trees, shrubs, and gardens requires filtering to remove suspended solids. Indoor uses for graywater such as toilet flushing, or above-ground irrigation for turf grass or edible gardens often require additional treatment through natural, mechanical or chemical applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Treatment systems include engineered systems, tailored to specific projects, and packaged systems designed to fit a wide range of project applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Blackwater treatment systems requires a higher level of treatment to bring recycled water to acceptable standards for reuse. Constructed wetlands use a combination of plants, snails, clams, algae, and fish to filter and break down compounds in blackwater. Commercial treatment systems may include sedimentation, membrane filtration or UV sterilization. Composting toilets provide another way to reduce potable water use and reduce the need for wastewater treatment.</p>\n<p>Hire certified professionals familiar with the design, construction, and maintenance of onsite alternative water reuse systems. Review local ordinances, permitting requirements, and plumbing codes.</p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.iapmo.org/westand/Pages/GreenPlumbingandMechanicalCodeSupplement.aspx\">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Green Plumbing &amp; Mechanical Code Supplement</a><span> </span>provides guidance on implementing onsite alternative water reuse for non-potable end-uses.</p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nsf.org/services/by-industry/water-wastewater/onsite-wastewater/onsite-reuse-water-treatment-systems\">NSF International/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI) 350,<span> </span><em>Onsite Residential and Commercial Reuse Treatment Systems</em></a><span> </span>establishes design, construction and performance requirements for onsite alternative reuse systems.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb1.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/JAWRA2007.pdf\">The Solaire, New York City</a></p>\n<p>The Solaire, a LEED Gold certified residential high-rise building in Battery Park completed in 2003 offers examples of onsite alternative water reuse and wastewater treatment technologies. Indoor water conservation measures include low-flow fixtures, toilets, and appliances that reduce potable water use by 43%. The building’s onsite wastewater treatment plant utilizes digestion, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection to processes 30,000 gallons of blackwater each day and reuses it as cooling water for two on-site cooling towers and to flush toilets in both the Solaire and an adjacent building, the Verdesian. The Solaire’s vegetated roof helps manage stormwater and diverts excess stormwater runoff to a 10,000-gallon basement water storage tank that stores the water for later use by the vegetated roofs drip irrigation system.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Onsite alternative water reuse reduces potable water use and the reliance on surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water purchased from a third-party.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Harvesting rainwater can reduce stormwater runoff, flooding, and pollution. Graywater and blackwater reuse reduces the strain on municipal water and wastewater treatment plants. Compared to potable water, recycled water used for irrigation often contains higher levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen, that lessens the need for synthetic fertilizers. Onsite alternative water reuse reduces the energy required to transport water or pump water from deep underground sources. Using recycled water for applications that do not require water treated to potable or drinkable water quality standards saves energy and money by reducing treatment requirements.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and onsite alternative water use technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As onsite alternative water technologies evolve, and costs decline, and water shortages and water quality issues become more common, the resiliency benefits of a local and reliable water resource on the ability to shelter in place, health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>For more information see the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-reuse-systems-report.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency’s Report: Water Savings &amp; Financial Benefits of Single-Family Packaged Graywater Systems</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Using onsite alternative water resources enhances resiliency by utilizing safe, reliable, redundant and locally controlled water supplies, by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity, and by protecting sensitive, natural water bodies. Reducing potable water use reduces the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure (see<span> </span><em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Many water pumps run on electricity, and without a source of backup power, fail to operate during power outages highlighting the importance of onsite alternative water sources and treatment options that cover all or part of onsite water use and wastewater treatment needs (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Compostable toilets also increase resiliency by continuing to operate during water shortages and by preventing sewage backups.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. Division of Water Quality.<span> </span><em>Standards for Individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems.</em><span> </span><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf\">www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/default.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/\">New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Division of Water Quality</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/\">Rutgers University NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program</a></li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling/#benefits\">Water Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://watereuse.org/\">WaterReuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Onsite Alternative Water Reuse','','inherit','closed','closed','','1347-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:29:15','2022-04-04 18:29:15','',1347,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1350',0,'revision','',0),(1351,3,'2022-04-04 18:29:15','2022-04-04 18:29:15','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Onsite Alternative Water Reuse\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Onsite Alternative Water Reuse?  </strong></h2>\n<p>Onsite alternative water reuse intentionally captures, treats, and utilizes stormwater, graywater, and wastewater for reuse at the building site. Stormwater includes precipitation such as rainfall and snowmelt. Graywater (also spelled gray water, greywater and grey water) refers to untreated water from bathroom sinks, laundry, and bathing and does not include water contaminated with toilet waste, food and grease content from kitchen sinks, or dishwasher soap residue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Graywater is of lesser quality than potable (drinking) water but of higher quality than blackwater, which in New Jersey refers to wastewater from water closets, toilets, and urinals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Potential sources of onsite alternative water include rainwater and treated graywater and blackwater. Figure 1 shows graywater reuse from washing machines and showering for outdoor landscaping. Graywater from showers can also be used to flush toilets.</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_189\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1190\"]<img class=\"wp-image-189 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-OnSite-Alternative-Water-Reuse-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Graywater reuse for subsurface landscape irrigation. (Source: Alliance for Water Efficiency)\" width=\"1190\" height=\"298\" /> Figure 1 – Graywater reuse for subsurface landscape irrigation. (Source: Alliance for Water Efficiency)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Onsite Alternative Water Reuse</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing onsite alternative water reuse starts with water conservation and includes identifying and evaluating opportunities to substitute or supplement potable water use with onsite alternative water sources based on the water quality and treatment requirements of the intended end-uses, and the feasibility of capturing and delivering alternative water sources to those end-uses (see<span> </span><em>Indoor Water Conservation</em>).</p>\n<p>Harvest and filter rainwater from rooftops to supplement or replace landscape irrigation and toilet flushing (see<span> </span><em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, Vegetated Roofs, and Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Rainwater that flows over non-roof surfaces and filtered by rain gardens or captured by retention ponds also provides an alternative water source for landscape irrigation (see<span> </span><em>Rain Gardens</em>,<span> </span><em>Water-Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n<p>Capture graywater from bathtubs, showers, bathroom sinks, and clothes washers by designating separate drain lines, storage units, and pumps to deliver graywater to desired locations. Graywater used for subsurface irrigation of trees, shrubs, and gardens requires filtering to remove suspended solids. Indoor uses for graywater such as toilet flushing, or above-ground irrigation for turf grass or edible gardens often require additional treatment through natural, mechanical or chemical applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Treatment systems include engineered systems, tailored to specific projects, and packaged systems designed to fit a wide range of project applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Blackwater treatment systems requires a higher level of treatment to bring recycled water to acceptable standards for reuse. Constructed wetlands use a combination of plants, snails, clams, algae, and fish to filter and break down compounds in blackwater. Commercial treatment systems may include sedimentation, membrane filtration or UV sterilization. Composting toilets provide another way to reduce potable water use and reduce the need for wastewater treatment.</p>\n<p>Hire certified professionals familiar with the design, construction, and maintenance of onsite alternative water reuse systems. Review local ordinances, permitting requirements, and plumbing codes.</p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.iapmo.org/westand/Pages/GreenPlumbingandMechanicalCodeSupplement.aspx\">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Green Plumbing &amp; Mechanical Code Supplement</a><span> </span>provides guidance on implementing onsite alternative water reuse for non-potable end-uses.</p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nsf.org/services/by-industry/water-wastewater/onsite-wastewater/onsite-reuse-water-treatment-systems\">NSF International/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI) 350,<span> </span><em>Onsite Residential and Commercial Reuse Treatment Systems</em></a><span> </span>establishes design, construction and performance requirements for onsite alternative reuse systems.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb1.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/JAWRA2007.pdf\">The Solaire, New York City</a></p>\n<p>The Solaire, a LEED Gold certified residential high-rise building in Battery Park completed in 2003 offers examples of onsite alternative water reuse and wastewater treatment technologies. Indoor water conservation measures include low-flow fixtures, toilets, and appliances that reduce potable water use by 43%. The building’s onsite wastewater treatment plant utilizes digestion, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection to processes 30,000 gallons of blackwater each day and reuses it as cooling water for two on-site cooling towers and to flush toilets in both the Solaire and an adjacent building, the Verdesian. The Solaire’s vegetated roof helps manage stormwater and diverts excess stormwater runoff to a 10,000-gallon basement water storage tank that stores the water for later use by the vegetated roofs drip irrigation system.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Onsite alternative water reuse reduces potable water use and the reliance on surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water purchased from a third-party.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Harvesting rainwater can reduce stormwater runoff, flooding, and pollution. Graywater and blackwater reuse reduces the strain on municipal water and wastewater treatment plants. Compared to potable water, recycled water used for irrigation often contains higher levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen, that lessens the need for synthetic fertilizers. Onsite alternative water reuse reduces the energy required to transport water or pump water from deep underground sources. Using recycled water for applications that do not require water treated to potable or drinkable water quality standards saves energy and money by reducing treatment requirements.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and onsite alternative water use technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As onsite alternative water technologies evolve, and costs decline, and water shortages and water quality issues become more common, the resiliency benefits of a local and reliable water resource on the ability to shelter in place, health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>For more information see the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-reuse-systems-report.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency’s Report: Water Savings &amp; Financial Benefits of Single-Family Packaged Graywater Systems</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Using onsite alternative water resources enhances resiliency by utilizing safe, reliable, redundant and locally controlled water supplies, by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity, and by protecting sensitive, natural water bodies. Reducing potable water use reduces the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure (see<span> </span><em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Many water pumps run on electricity, and without a source of backup power, fail to operate during power outages highlighting the importance of onsite alternative water sources and treatment options that cover all or part of onsite water use and wastewater treatment needs (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Compostable toilets also increase resiliency by continuing to operate during water shortages and by preventing sewage backups.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. Division of Water Quality.<span> </span><em>Standards for Individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems.</em><span> </span><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf\">www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/default.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/\">New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Division of Water Quality</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/\">Rutgers University NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program</a></li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling/#benefits\">Water Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://watereuse.org/\">WaterReuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Indoor Water Conservation','','inherit','closed','closed','','1347-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:29:15','2022-04-04 18:29:15','',1347,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1351',0,'revision','',0),(1352,3,'2022-04-04 18:29:19','2022-04-04 18:29:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Onsite Alternative Water Reuse\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Onsite Alternative Water Reuse?  </strong></h2>\n<p>Onsite alternative water reuse intentionally captures, treats, and utilizes stormwater, graywater, and wastewater for reuse at the building site. Stormwater includes precipitation such as rainfall and snowmelt. Graywater (also spelled gray water, greywater and grey water) refers to untreated water from bathroom sinks, laundry, and bathing and does not include water contaminated with toilet waste, food and grease content from kitchen sinks, or dishwasher soap residue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Graywater is of lesser quality than potable (drinking) water but of higher quality than blackwater, which in New Jersey refers to wastewater from water closets, toilets, and urinals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Potential sources of onsite alternative water include rainwater and treated graywater and blackwater. Figure 1 shows graywater reuse from washing machines and showering for outdoor landscaping. Graywater from showers can also be used to flush toilets.</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_189\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1190\"]<img class=\"wp-image-189 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-OnSite-Alternative-Water-Reuse-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Graywater reuse for subsurface landscape irrigation. (Source: Alliance for Water Efficiency)\" width=\"1190\" height=\"298\" /> Figure 1 – Graywater reuse for subsurface landscape irrigation. (Source: Alliance for Water Efficiency)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement Onsite Alternative Water Reuse</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing onsite alternative water reuse starts with water conservation and includes identifying and evaluating opportunities to substitute or supplement potable water use with onsite alternative water sources based on the water quality and treatment requirements of the intended end-uses, and the feasibility of capturing and delivering alternative water sources to those end-uses (see<span> </span><em>Indoor Water Conservation</em>).</p>\n<p>Harvest and filter rainwater from rooftops to supplement or replace landscape irrigation and toilet flushing (see<span> </span><em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, Vegetated Roofs, and Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Rainwater that flows over non-roof surfaces and filtered by rain gardens or captured by retention ponds also provides an alternative water source for landscape irrigation (see<span> </span><em>Rain Gardens</em>,<span> </span><em>Water-Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n<p>Capture graywater from bathtubs, showers, bathroom sinks, and clothes washers by designating separate drain lines, storage units, and pumps to deliver graywater to desired locations. Graywater used for subsurface irrigation of trees, shrubs, and gardens requires filtering to remove suspended solids. Indoor uses for graywater such as toilet flushing, or above-ground irrigation for turf grass or edible gardens often require additional treatment through natural, mechanical or chemical applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Treatment systems include engineered systems, tailored to specific projects, and packaged systems designed to fit a wide range of project applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Blackwater treatment systems requires a higher level of treatment to bring recycled water to acceptable standards for reuse. Constructed wetlands use a combination of plants, snails, clams, algae, and fish to filter and break down compounds in blackwater. Commercial treatment systems may include sedimentation, membrane filtration or UV sterilization. Composting toilets provide another way to reduce potable water use and reduce the need for wastewater treatment.</p>\n<p>Hire certified professionals familiar with the design, construction, and maintenance of onsite alternative water reuse systems. Review local ordinances, permitting requirements, and plumbing codes.</p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.iapmo.org/westand/Pages/GreenPlumbingandMechanicalCodeSupplement.aspx\">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Green Plumbing &amp; Mechanical Code Supplement</a><span> </span>provides guidance on implementing onsite alternative water reuse for non-potable end-uses.</p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nsf.org/services/by-industry/water-wastewater/onsite-wastewater/onsite-reuse-water-treatment-systems\">NSF International/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI) 350,<span> </span><em>Onsite Residential and Commercial Reuse Treatment Systems</em></a><span> </span>establishes design, construction and performance requirements for onsite alternative reuse systems.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb1.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/JAWRA2007.pdf\">The Solaire, New York City</a></p>\n<p>The Solaire, a LEED Gold certified residential high-rise building in Battery Park completed in 2003 offers examples of onsite alternative water reuse and wastewater treatment technologies. Indoor water conservation measures include low-flow fixtures, toilets, and appliances that reduce potable water use by 43%. The building’s onsite wastewater treatment plant utilizes digestion, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection to processes 30,000 gallons of blackwater each day and reuses it as cooling water for two on-site cooling towers and to flush toilets in both the Solaire and an adjacent building, the Verdesian. The Solaire’s vegetated roof helps manage stormwater and diverts excess stormwater runoff to a 10,000-gallon basement water storage tank that stores the water for later use by the vegetated roofs drip irrigation system.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Onsite alternative water reuse reduces potable water use and the reliance on surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water purchased from a third-party.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Harvesting rainwater can reduce stormwater runoff, flooding, and pollution. Graywater and blackwater reuse reduces the strain on municipal water and wastewater treatment plants. Compared to potable water, recycled water used for irrigation often contains higher levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen, that lessens the need for synthetic fertilizers. Onsite alternative water reuse reduces the energy required to transport water or pump water from deep underground sources. Using recycled water for applications that do not require water treated to potable or drinkable water quality standards saves energy and money by reducing treatment requirements.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and onsite alternative water use technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As onsite alternative water technologies evolve, and costs decline, and water shortages and water quality issues become more common, the resiliency benefits of a local and reliable water resource on the ability to shelter in place, health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>For more information see the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-reuse-systems-report.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency’s Report: Water Savings &amp; Financial Benefits of Single-Family Packaged Graywater Systems</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Using onsite alternative water resources enhances resiliency by utilizing safe, reliable, redundant and locally controlled water supplies, by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity, and by protecting sensitive, natural water bodies. Reducing potable water use reduces the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure (see<span> </span><em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Many water pumps run on electricity, and without a source of backup power, fail to operate during power outages highlighting the importance of onsite alternative water sources and treatment options that cover all or part of onsite water use and wastewater treatment needs (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Compostable toilets also increase resiliency by continuing to operate during water shortages and by preventing sewage backups.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. Division of Water Quality.<span> </span><em>Standards for Individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems.</em><span> </span><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf\">www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/default.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/\">New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Division of Water Quality</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/\">Rutgers University NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program</a></li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling/#benefits\">Water Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://watereuse.org/\">WaterReuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Onsite Alternative Water Reuse','','inherit','closed','closed','','1347-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:29:19','2022-04-04 18:29:19','',1347,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1352',0,'revision','',0),(1353,3,'2022-04-04 18:35:33','2022-04-04 18:35:33','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation?</strong></h2>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlight the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy for later use when it is needed, such as during a power outage, or for energy arbitrage storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Energy storage technologies most applicable to the residential building sector include battery storage and fuel cells.</p>\n<p>Backup power provides energy required for  supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage) from on-site power generation systems with islanding (generating power when the electrical grid is down) capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators.  Energy storage systems could also help provide grid stabilization functionalities such as Contingency Reserve and Frequency Regulation.</p>\n<p>As the costs of energy storage and backup power generation systems continue to decline and the integration of these technologies continues to advance, several viable options exist for supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage (see<span> </span><em>Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready Solar PV</em>)</li>\n<li>Small Wind Energy Systems with battery storage (see On-Site Small Wind Energy Systems)</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage</li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage (see<span> </span><em>Alternative Transportation</em>)<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><strong><br /></strong></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</strong></h2>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from backup power in the event of power outage.</p>\n<p>Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, emergency and night-time lighting, water pumps, and phone or laptop charging, and online access via a cable modem or wireless router versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Figure 1 shows considerations for sizing solar and battery storage for backup power generation.</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_175\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-175 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" width=\"878\" height=\"698\" /> Figure 1. Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Note that configuring power systems to operate independently of the grid requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, energy storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful islanding to take place.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Accounting for cost savings through the year (demand response) and for the cost of electric grid power outages (resiliency benefit) lowers the payback period for energy storage and backup power investments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030011/https://hydrogenhouseproject.org/the-hydrogen-house.html\">Hydrogen House Project, Hopewell, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Hydrogen House, designed by homeowner Mike Striki with a grant from the NJ Board of Public Utilities, features a 21-kilowatt PV system with battery storage used to run a low-pressure electrolyzer, which extracts hydrogen and oxygen from water. Low-pressure propane tanks store hydrogen, which can be burned for cooking and heating applications or used in a fuel cell to produce electricity, with only water and oxygen as by-products.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site energy storage and backup power generation provides a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies while also helping to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs (see<span> </span><em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>, and<span> </span><em>Smart Metering</em>). For example, energy storage systems provide a way for customers to shift power demands to off-peak hours and to take advantage of time-of-day pricing and lower energy prices.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capabilities and battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, with the added benefit of increased power reliability. Battery storage helps to reduce common challenges with PV systems such as ramping, output variability, voltage and current inconsistencies that impact power quality, and a disconnect between the power supply (morning sun) and power demand (afternoon and evening air conditioning spikes).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Islandable PV systems with battery storage also provide value throughout the year, do not require refueling and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Small wind energy systems with islanding capability and battery storage can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak. High wind speeds during severe storms may cause wind turbines to “cut-out” to protect the blades. Islandable wind turbines with added dynamic inverters and transfer switches can serve as a local, reliable, distributed energy resource that provides power to a storm affected home. Battery storage increases small wind power reliability by helping to balance the mismatch between the power supply (night) with power demand (daytime).</p>\n<p>Fuel cells offer a clean, energy-efficient, grid-independent and reliable source of power provided adequate fuel supply from a variety of domestic energy sources such as hydrogen, natural gas, and methanol making them a viable alternative for backup power generation and storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Excess electricity produced by fuel cells can run an electrolyzer and extract hydrogen from water, providing hydrogen for storage and for later use in the fuel cell to produce electricity when it is needed.</p>\n<p>Vehicle-to-grid applications with bi-directional electric-plug in charging stations enable fully charged EV’s to supply power to the grid during power emergencies or supply shortages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional power generation systems, islandable systems with energy storage require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>As the cost of energy storage and backup power generation technologies decline, and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support energy resiliency in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change.<span> </span><a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Ibid. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. Vehicle to Grid Integration. Energy Systems Integration Facility.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201021133358/https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html</a><span> </span>(</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At:<span> </span><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 1, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). 2016. Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen</a><span> </span>(accessed October 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association (ESA). 2018. “Electricity Storage and Plug-In Vehicles.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles</a><span> </span>(accessed August 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170513121841/https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/ups\">Energy Storage Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200702200424/https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org/\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200606192915/https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/\">NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org/\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org/\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation','','publish','closed','open','','nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation','','','2022-06-23 18:41:46','2022-06-23 18:41:46','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1353',0,'post','',0),(1355,3,'2022-04-04 18:35:33','2022-04-04 18:35:33','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation?</strong></h2>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlight the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy for later use when it is needed, such as during a power outage, or for energy arbitrage storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Energy storage technologies most applicable to the residential building sector include battery storage and fuel cells.</p>\n<p>Backup power provides energy required for  supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage) from on-site power generation systems with islanding (generating power when the electrical grid is down) capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators.  Energy storage systems could also help provide grid stabilization functionalities such as Contingency Reserve and Frequency Regulation.</p>\n<p>As the costs of energy storage and backup power generation systems continue to decline and the integration of these technologies continues to advance, several viable options exist for supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage (see<span> </span><em>Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready Solar PV</em>)</li>\n<li>Small Wind Energy Systems with battery storage (see On-Site Small Wind Energy Systems)</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage</li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage (see<span> </span><em>Alternative Transportation</em>)<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><strong><br /></strong></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</strong></h2>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from backup power in the event of power outage.</p>\n<p>Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, emergency and night-time lighting, water pumps, and phone or laptop charging, and online access via a cable modem or wireless router versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Figure 1 shows considerations for sizing solar and battery storage for backup power generation.</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_175\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-175 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" width=\"878\" height=\"698\" /> Figure 1. Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Note that configuring power systems to operate independently of the grid requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, energy storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful islanding to take place.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Accounting for cost savings through the year (demand response) and for the cost of electric grid power outages (resiliency benefit) lowers the payback period for energy storage and backup power investments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://hydrogenhouseproject.org/the-hydrogen-house.html\">Hydrogen House Project, Hopewell, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Hydrogen House, designed by homeowner Mike Striki with a grant from the NJ Board of Public Utilities, features a 21-kilowatt PV system with battery storage used to run a low-pressure electrolyzer, which extracts hydrogen and oxygen from water. Low-pressure propane tanks store hydrogen, which can be burned for cooking and heating applications or used in a fuel cell to produce electricity, with only water and oxygen as by-products.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site energy storage and backup power generation provides a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies while also helping to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs (see<span> </span><em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>, and<span> </span><em>Smart Metering</em>). For example, energy storage systems provide a way for customers to shift power demands to off-peak hours and to take advantage of time-of-day pricing and lower energy prices.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capabilities and battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, with the added benefit of increased power reliability. Battery storage helps to reduce common challenges with PV systems such as ramping, output variability, voltage and current inconsistencies that impact power quality, and a disconnect between the power supply (morning sun) and power demand (afternoon and evening air conditioning spikes).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Islandable PV systems with battery storage also provide value throughout the year, do not require refueling and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Small wind energy systems with islanding capability and battery storage can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak. High wind speeds during severe storms may cause wind turbines to “cut-out” to protect the blades. Islandable wind turbines with added dynamic inverters and transfer switches can serve as a local, reliable, distributed energy resource that provides power to a storm affected home. Battery storage increases small wind power reliability by helping to balance the mismatch between the power supply (night) with power demand (daytime).</p>\n<p>Fuel cells offer a clean, energy-efficient, grid-independent and reliable source of power provided adequate fuel supply from a variety of domestic energy sources such as hydrogen, natural gas, and methanol making them a viable alternative for backup power generation and storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Excess electricity produced by fuel cells can run an electrolyzer and extract hydrogen from water, providing hydrogen for storage and for later use in the fuel cell to produce electricity when it is needed.</p>\n<p>Vehicle-to-grid applications with bi-directional electric-plug in charging stations enable fully charged EV’s to supply power to the grid during power emergencies or supply shortages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional power generation systems, islandable systems with energy storage require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>As the cost of energy storage and backup power generation technologies decline, and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support energy resiliency in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change.<span> </span><a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Ibid. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. Vehicle to Grid Integration. Energy Systems Integration Facility.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html</a><span> </span>(</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At:<span> </span><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 1, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). 2016. Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen</a><span> </span>(accessed October 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association (ESA). 2018. “Electricity Storage and Plug-In Vehicles.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles</a><span> </span>(accessed August 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/ups\">Energy Storage Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org/\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/\">NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org/\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org/\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation','','inherit','closed','closed','','1353-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:35:33','2022-04-04 18:35:33','',1353,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1355',0,'revision','',0),(1356,3,'2022-04-04 18:35:34','2022-04-04 18:35:34','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation?</strong></h2>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlight the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy for later use when it is needed, such as during a power outage, or for energy arbitrage storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Energy storage technologies most applicable to the residential building sector include battery storage and fuel cells.</p>\n<p>Backup power provides energy required for  supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage) from on-site power generation systems with islanding (generating power when the electrical grid is down) capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators.  Energy storage systems could also help provide grid stabilization functionalities such as Contingency Reserve and Frequency Regulation.</p>\n<p>As the costs of energy storage and backup power generation systems continue to decline and the integration of these technologies continues to advance, several viable options exist for supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage (see<span> </span><em>Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready Solar PV</em>)</li>\n<li>Small Wind Energy Systems with battery storage (see On-Site Small Wind Energy Systems)</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage</li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage (see<span> </span><em>Alternative Transportation</em>)<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><strong><br /></strong></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</strong></h2>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from backup power in the event of power outage.</p>\n<p>Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, emergency and night-time lighting, water pumps, and phone or laptop charging, and online access via a cable modem or wireless router versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Figure 1 shows considerations for sizing solar and battery storage for backup power generation.</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_175\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-175 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" width=\"878\" height=\"698\" /> Figure 1. Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Note that configuring power systems to operate independently of the grid requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, energy storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful islanding to take place.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Accounting for cost savings through the year (demand response) and for the cost of electric grid power outages (resiliency benefit) lowers the payback period for energy storage and backup power investments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://hydrogenhouseproject.org/the-hydrogen-house.html\">Hydrogen House Project, Hopewell, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Hydrogen House, designed by homeowner Mike Striki with a grant from the NJ Board of Public Utilities, features a 21-kilowatt PV system with battery storage used to run a low-pressure electrolyzer, which extracts hydrogen and oxygen from water. Low-pressure propane tanks store hydrogen, which can be burned for cooking and heating applications or used in a fuel cell to produce electricity, with only water and oxygen as by-products.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site energy storage and backup power generation provides a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies while also helping to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs (see<span> </span><em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>, and<span> </span><em>Smart Metering</em>). For example, energy storage systems provide a way for customers to shift power demands to off-peak hours and to take advantage of time-of-day pricing and lower energy prices.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capabilities and battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, with the added benefit of increased power reliability. Battery storage helps to reduce common challenges with PV systems such as ramping, output variability, voltage and current inconsistencies that impact power quality, and a disconnect between the power supply (morning sun) and power demand (afternoon and evening air conditioning spikes).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Islandable PV systems with battery storage also provide value throughout the year, do not require refueling and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Small wind energy systems with islanding capability and battery storage can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak. High wind speeds during severe storms may cause wind turbines to “cut-out” to protect the blades. Islandable wind turbines with added dynamic inverters and transfer switches can serve as a local, reliable, distributed energy resource that provides power to a storm affected home. Battery storage increases small wind power reliability by helping to balance the mismatch between the power supply (night) with power demand (daytime).</p>\n<p>Fuel cells offer a clean, energy-efficient, grid-independent and reliable source of power provided adequate fuel supply from a variety of domestic energy sources such as hydrogen, natural gas, and methanol making them a viable alternative for backup power generation and storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Excess electricity produced by fuel cells can run an electrolyzer and extract hydrogen from water, providing hydrogen for storage and for later use in the fuel cell to produce electricity when it is needed.</p>\n<p>Vehicle-to-grid applications with bi-directional electric-plug in charging stations enable fully charged EV’s to supply power to the grid during power emergencies or supply shortages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional power generation systems, islandable systems with energy storage require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>As the cost of energy storage and backup power generation technologies decline, and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support energy resiliency in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change.<span> </span><a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Ibid. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. Vehicle to Grid Integration. Energy Systems Integration Facility.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html</a><span> </span>(</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At:<span> </span><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 1, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). 2016. Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen</a><span> </span>(accessed October 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association (ESA). 2018. “Electricity Storage and Plug-In Vehicles.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles</a><span> </span>(accessed August 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/ups\">Energy Storage Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org/\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/\">NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org/\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org/\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Onsite Alternative Water Reuse','','inherit','closed','closed','','1353-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:35:34','2022-04-04 18:35:34','',1353,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1356',0,'revision','',0),(1357,3,'2022-04-04 18:35:37','2022-04-04 18:35:37','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation?</strong></h2>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlight the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy for later use when it is needed, such as during a power outage, or for energy arbitrage storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Energy storage technologies most applicable to the residential building sector include battery storage and fuel cells.</p>\n<p>Backup power provides energy required for  supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage) from on-site power generation systems with islanding (generating power when the electrical grid is down) capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators.  Energy storage systems could also help provide grid stabilization functionalities such as Contingency Reserve and Frequency Regulation.</p>\n<p>As the costs of energy storage and backup power generation systems continue to decline and the integration of these technologies continues to advance, several viable options exist for supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage (see<span> </span><em>Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready Solar PV</em>)</li>\n<li>Small Wind Energy Systems with battery storage (see On-Site Small Wind Energy Systems)</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage</li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage (see<span> </span><em>Alternative Transportation</em>)<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><strong><br /></strong></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</strong></h2>\n<p>First, analyze power demands and associated functions that would benefit from backup power in the event of power outage.</p>\n<p>Distinguish between critical loads, such as providing basic heating and ventilation, cooking and food storage, emergency and night-time lighting, water pumps, and phone or laptop charging, and online access via a cable modem or wireless router versus non-critical loads such as full-capacity heating and ventilation, lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and television or other electronic entertainment and devices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Figure 1 shows considerations for sizing solar and battery storage for backup power generation.</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_175\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-175 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" width=\"878\" height=\"698\" /> Figure 1. Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Critical project-specific variables to consider include location, space, energy costs, available project incentives, local net metering and interconnection policies. Note that configuring power systems to operate independently of the grid requires investments in additional hardware and software components, including transfer switches, inverters, critical load panels, energy storage, and appropriate controls to allow successful islanding to take place.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Accounting for cost savings through the year (demand response) and for the cost of electric grid power outages (resiliency benefit) lowers the payback period for energy storage and backup power investments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>Contact the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a><span> </span>to learn about current programs, tools, and available funding.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://hydrogenhouseproject.org/the-hydrogen-house.html\">Hydrogen House Project, Hopewell, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Hydrogen House, designed by homeowner Mike Striki with a grant from the NJ Board of Public Utilities, features a 21-kilowatt PV system with battery storage used to run a low-pressure electrolyzer, which extracts hydrogen and oxygen from water. Low-pressure propane tanks store hydrogen, which can be burned for cooking and heating applications or used in a fuel cell to produce electricity, with only water and oxygen as by-products.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-site energy storage and backup power generation provides a resilient, local, and independent source of electric power during power emergencies while also helping to manage peak demand and lower utility costs throughout the year via demand response programs (see<span> </span><em>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</em>, and<span> </span><em>Smart Metering</em>). For example, energy storage systems provide a way for customers to shift power demands to off-peak hours and to take advantage of time-of-day pricing and lower energy prices.</p>\n<p>PV systems with solar islanding capabilities and battery storage combine the benefit of traditional PV systems, which avoid the use of fossil fuels, with the added benefit of increased power reliability. Battery storage helps to reduce common challenges with PV systems such as ramping, output variability, voltage and current inconsistencies that impact power quality, and a disconnect between the power supply (morning sun) and power demand (afternoon and evening air conditioning spikes).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Islandable PV systems with battery storage also provide value throughout the year, do not require refueling and can provide emergency power for extended periods of time given available solar resources and adequate battery storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Small wind energy systems with islanding capability and battery storage can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak. High wind speeds during severe storms may cause wind turbines to “cut-out” to protect the blades. Islandable wind turbines with added dynamic inverters and transfer switches can serve as a local, reliable, distributed energy resource that provides power to a storm affected home. Battery storage increases small wind power reliability by helping to balance the mismatch between the power supply (night) with power demand (daytime).</p>\n<p>Fuel cells offer a clean, energy-efficient, grid-independent and reliable source of power provided adequate fuel supply from a variety of domestic energy sources such as hydrogen, natural gas, and methanol making them a viable alternative for backup power generation and storage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Excess electricity produced by fuel cells can run an electrolyzer and extract hydrogen from water, providing hydrogen for storage and for later use in the fuel cell to produce electricity when it is needed.</p>\n<p>Vehicle-to-grid applications with bi-directional electric-plug in charging stations enable fully charged EV’s to supply power to the grid during power emergencies or supply shortages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Compared to traditional power generation systems, islandable systems with energy storage require additional hardware and software components, electrical design and permitting requirements, and safety considerations, which translate into higher costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>As the cost of energy storage and backup power generation technologies decline, and power outages become more common, the cost savings from participation in demand response programs, and the resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support energy resiliency in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change.<span> </span><a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Ibid. Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. Vehicle to Grid Integration. Energy Systems Integration Facility.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/esif/vehicle-grid-integration.html</a><span> </span>(</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015) Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey. At:<span> </span><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 1, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>NJ Board of Public Utilities. 2017. Microgrid. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html\">https://www.state.nj.us/bpu/about/divisions/opp/microgrid.html</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/Valuing-Resilience.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association. 2018. Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). 2016. Fuel Cells and Renewable Hydrogen.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/fuel-cells-and-renewable-hydrogen</a><span> </span>(accessed October 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Energy Storage Association (ESA). 2018. “Electricity Storage and Plug-In Vehicles.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles\">http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/electricity-storage-and-plug-vehicles</a><span> </span>(accessed August 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NREL. 2018. “Valuing the Resilience Provided by Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70679.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/ups\">Energy Storage Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der-cam\">Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program\">DSRIRE: New Jersey Incentives for Renewables</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.gridwise.org/\">GRIDWISE ALLIANCE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/about-microgrids-0\">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Microgrids</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/\">NJ Office of Clean Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/esif/\">NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-microgrids-work\">US DOE – How Microgrids Work</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://smartenergycc.org/\">Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/\">SmartGrid.Gov</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.whatissmartgrid.org/\">Smart Grid – Where Power is Going?</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation','','inherit','closed','closed','','1353-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:35:37','2022-04-04 18:35:37','',1353,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1357',0,'revision','',0),(1358,3,'2022-04-04 18:38:21','2022-04-04 18:38:21','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning?</strong></h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_413\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"716\"]<img class=\"wp-image-413 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Storm-Preparation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).\" width=\"716\" height=\"382\" /> Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Severe weather and natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, winter storms, pandemic influenza, thunderstorms and lighting, tornadoes, and wildfires and associated power outages, flooding, evacuations, and property damage create emergency situations that impact New Jersey businesses on a regular basis. Storm preparation and emergency planning includes steps that residents can take to avoid or mitigate impacts and increase safety and comfort before, during and after adverse events. Proper preparation and planning also refers to resilient design and green building practices that increase a structure’s ability to withstand or recover from severe weather and adverse conditions and protect building occupants. For example, at the building owner level, the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) recommends securing property to protect against hurricane damage by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing permanent storm shutters for windows or boarding up windows with 5/8” plywood, cut to fit and ready to install.</li>\n<li>Adding straps or clips to securely fasten roof to the frame structure and reduce roof damage.</li>\n<li>Clearing loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.</li>\n<li>Bringing in outdoor objects such as furniture, equipment and tools or anchoring them if they cannot be brought indoors.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>At the design and building level, the<span> </span><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/\">FORTIFIED Building Standards by the Institute of Business and Home Safety (IBHS)</a><span> </span>recommend roofing and fenestration best practices to protect buildings in hurricane prone areas and areas susceptible to hail and high winds. Together, these precautions provide redundancy and increase the likelihood of avoiding major damages and injuries.</p>\n<p>For more information on hurricane preparedness, see the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM)</a><span> </span>and the<span> </span><a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan-prepare/pdf/NJ_Hurricane_Survival_Guide_2018.pdf\">NJ Hurricane Survival Guide.</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement Storm Preparation and Emergency Preparedness</strong></h2>\n<p>A number of local, state and national organizations provide resources and information on storm preparation and emergency preparedness (see<span> </span><strong>Resources</strong><span> </span>below). The NJOEM’s “Be Ready: Follow the “Three Steps to Safety” outlines basic preparations for the most common disaster scenarios in New Jersey.</p>\n<p><u>Step One: “Get a Kit”</u><span> </span>– Assemble emergency supplies including food, water, basic first aid supplies, alternative communication and other emergency equipment such as flashlights and duct tape. See<span> </span><a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan/preparedness_foodwater.html\">NJOEM list of Emergency Food and Water Supplies</a>.</p>\n<p><u>Step Two: “Make a Plan”</u><span> </span>– Know your area’s evacuation routes and shelter locations. Keep a list of emergency contacts and local emergency numbers. Visit the <a href=\"http://www.redcross.org/prepare/location/home-family/plan\">American Red Cross Make a Disaster Preparedness Plan</a> web page for more information.</p>\n<p><u>Step Three: “Stay Informed”</u><span> </span>– Part of preparation is knowing exactly what kind of disasters you might face and knowing what to do in each situation. Keep track of Current Weather Forecasts and Alerts with:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local radio or TV stations</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/\">NOAA Weather Radio</a>– or <a href=\"http://www.weatherusa.net/radio\">listen online</a></li>\n<li>NJOEM’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/weather/index.html\">Weather Links</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using resilient building practices and developing emergency preparedness plans and supply kits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces fear, anxiety, and losses.</li>\n<li>Avoids or mitigates impacts and costs.</li>\n<li>Speeds recovery efforts and reduces further damage and losses.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Storm preparation and emergency planning can reduce severe weather and disaster-related costs by reducing the physical and financial toll from such events. For example, identify vulnerabilities that offer the greatest potential to reduce avoidable suffering.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Having a plan in place and supplies on hand for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts. Prepared individuals can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org/\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ready.gov/\">Be Ready Campaign</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/prepareyourhealth/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcpr%2Fareyouprepared%2Findex.htm\">Center for Disease Control and Prevention – Center for Preparedness and Response</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.fema.gov/\">Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ibhs.org/\">Institute for Business and Home Safety</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/fortified/\">FORTIFIED Home Building Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.safehome.org/resources/emergency-prep-guide/\">Safe Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">State of New Jersey Office of Emergency Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/RELi_Dec_2018-FINAL.pdf\">RELi 2.0 Rating Guidelines for Resilient Design + Construction – HP: Hazard Preparedness</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.security.org/home-security-systems/what-is-a-home-security-system/\">Security Baron</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning','','publish','closed','open','','nr-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning','','','2022-06-23 18:43:41','2022-06-23 18:43:41','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1358',0,'post','',0),