(946,2,'2022-03-14 14:58:43','2022-03-14 14:58:43','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Load Shedding Study\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>This case study summarizes a two-building comparative pilot study by the Rutgers Center for Green Building (RCGB) that looked at occupant response to energy-saving technologies and load shedding in the workplace.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> The study was part of a more extensive study by RCGB for the <a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/\">Center for Building Energy Innovation</a> and sponsored by the <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/\">US Department of Energy</a>, which collected additional load shedding and occupant response data on 10 office buildings in the Mid-Atlantic region the following summer.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important?</strong></h2>\n<p>Load shedding refers to an energy-saving strategy that reduces electrical consumption, primarily for non-critical loads such as HVAC and lighting systems, during times of peak usage to maximize energy efficiency and energy savings and reduce the burden on electrical production and distribution systems. Lighting and HVAC systems account for a significant percentage of a building’s energy use; finding ways to maximize their energy efficiency while maintaining thermal comfort and appropriate lighting levels offer tremendous energy and energy-cost savings. Planned load shedding allows for participation in demand response programs – a strategy employed by utilities that uses time-based financial incentives to modify consumer electricity consumption during periods of peak demand, power scarcity, grid congestion or an anticipated grid outage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> At the building level, load shedding offers resiliency benefits by reducing non-critical loads during emergencies and reserving back-up energy for critical functions. Likewise, load shedding enhances grid resiliency by reducing electricity demand, especially at times of system peak and increasing grid reliability by avoiding system outages.</p>\n<h2><strong>For whom is it useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>The results of the RCGB study are useful for owners and operators, including real estate investment trusts (REITs), of both new and existing commercial buildings that are interested in scalable implementation strategies for managing peak loads and reducing energy and energy costs through load shedding while maintaining occupant satisfaction and productivity.</p>\n<h2><strong>Building and Site Description:</strong></h2>\n<p>The RCGB study compared two commercial office buildings, each with different lighting and HVAC energy-saving technologies and load-shedding capabilities. Located in the Mid-Atlantic region, the buildings experience similar climatic conditions. Differences between the buildings include the nature of the tenant, building structure and design, time and scope of retrofit, and the degree of technological sophistication of the building management systems. These differences were intentional to the study design and helped amplify the results and offer an opportunity for RCGB to examine the impact of such variability on occupant satisfaction.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Load-Shedding-FIgure-1-e1557884612816.png\" title_text=\"Load-Shedding-FIgure-1-e1557884612816\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 1: Building 1 – Mid-Atlantic based REIT owned office building<br /></em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The first case study building, constructed in 2004, is a three-story, 76,692 gross square foot office building of a Mid-Atlantic based REIT with 227 occupants. Although built as a multi-tenant site, the building currently functions as a single-tenanted building. Energy efficiency retrofits to this building included the addition of dimmable, IP-addressable lighting ballasts and low-wattage bulbs; variable frequency drives for selected fans in the packaged HVAC systems; retro-commissioning of the HVAC system; updated controls that include more sensor and control points; and links to an enterprise-wide system supporting remote monitoring and control of building systems. This retrofit provided the building operator with sophisticated load shedding capabilities, among other features.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Load-Shedding-SIte-2.png\" title_text=\"Load-Shedding-SIte-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 2: Building 2 – Mid-Atlantic based multi-building complex</em></p>\n<p>The second case study building is a multi-building complex of 755,540 square feet of office space, laboratories, experimental research areas, and technical shops, housing over 450 employees. Although operated as a single facility, it was built over several decades starting in 1960 and comprises 35 buildings varying in age and building envelope design. It contains several independently operated HVAC and electrical systems. This building’s systems are much less tightly integrated than those in Building 1 but had a history of load shedding practices.</p>\n<h2><strong>Study Design: </strong></h2>\n<p>RCGB employed a quasi-experimental research design using data collected through a series of participant surveys to assess building occupants’ reactions to energy-saving technologies in their work environment. The goal was to determine the range within which energy-saving decreases in temperature control and lighting brightness still offers a comfortable environment conducive to productivity and satisfaction.</p>\n<p>Each of the two case study buildings underwent a series of load-shed events in which cooling and lighting were decreased by a preset amount from baseline conditions to test the effect of load shedding on occupant evaluations. In this study, baseline conditions referred to parameters established by building management for temperature, lighting, and airflow that provide appropriate working conditions while maximizing efficiency and minimizing energy costs. Load shedding represented a change in these conditions.</p>\n<p>In Building 1, the decreases ranged from five to fifteen percent (see Table 1). In Building 2, the decreases entailed switching to weekend lighting in the hallways and turning the HVAC system off. The study surveyed participants on days when the building was operating under the normal energy load (control days) and during load shed days, and these measurements were compared to detect changes in responses. Note that we should view this data collection as a pilot study as conditions for and timing of the load shedding were evolving even as instruments were being developed and tested on site, resulting in data collection from a relatively small number of testing days and research subjects.</p>\n<p>Participants also completed a comprehensive survey which assessed their level of satisfaction and concerns about environmental factors in the workspace, including air flow, temperature, and light, ability to alter and control the environment, choice of adaptive behaviors resorted to when environmental features do not meet needs, as well as perceived productivity and overall job satisfaction. The survey took place during the shoulder season, in the early Fall, and again during the Winter in a shorter follow-up format. The research questions asked whether these changes produced noticeable responses from the occupants in how they felt about ambient conditions in the workplace.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/LPT-Case-Study-Table-1-Load-Shed-Protocol.png\" title_text=\"LPT-Case-Study-Table-1-Load-Shed-Protocol\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" alt=\"Table 1 – Load Shed Protocol\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Load Shed Protocol</em></p>\n<h2><strong>Findings: </strong></h2>\n<p>The findings suggest characteristics of buildings that are more conducive to load shedding perceived as acceptable or even viewed positively by building occupants, and the extent to which typical office buildings may be overcooled during the summer and shoulder months.</p>\n<p>In both Building 1 and Building 2, RCGB found substantial and, in several cases, statistically significant changes between control and load shedding days on items that address well-being, productivity, and satisfaction. Most interestingly the direction of the changes was consistent within each building but strikingly different between the sites. Specifically, occupants of Building 1 rated the environment as getting better whereas occupants in Building 2 rated the environment as getting worse (see Figure  3).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/LPT-Case-Study-Fig-3-Load-Shed-Impact-.png\" title_text=\"LPT-Case-Study-Fig-3-Load-Shed-Impact-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Building 1 & Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Well-being\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 3 – Building 1 &amp; Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Well-being</em></p>\n<p>For the well-being items (see Figure 3), on every item except self-reported stress, occupants in Building 1 saw the environment as improving on load shedding days while occupants in Building 2 saw the environment as becoming less favorable. Occupants in Building 1 felt more pleasant and alert, rated their physical and mental health more positively, and were better able to concentrate and less fatigued, while those in Building 2 felt the opposite (* indicates statistical significance). Occupants indicated feeling slightly (but not significantly) more stress on the load shedding days in each case.</p>\n<p>As shown in Figure 4, occupants of Building 1 rated themselves as having higher work quality, being more productive, and being more satisfied with their work (though not reaching statistical significance) on load shedding days. By contrast, occupants in Building 2 rated themselves as having lower work quality, being less productive, and being less satisfied with their work (though not reaching statistical significance) on load shedding days.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/LPT-Case-Study-Fig-4-Changes-in-Productivity.png\" title_text=\"LPT-Case-Study-Fig-4-Changes-in-Productivity\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" alt=\"Figure 4 – Building 1 & Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Productivity\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 4 – Building 1 &amp; Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Productivity</em></p>\n<p>Self-ratings of satisfaction with environmental conditions showed more variability than the other results, with several items standing out. For Building 1 temperature and temperature adjustability was rated significantly more positively on load shedding days, while for Building 2, air quality and temperature adjustability were rated as significantly less satisfactory on load shedding days (see Figure 5).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/LPT-Case-Study-Figure-5-Satisfaction.png\" title_text=\"LPT-Case-Study-Figure-5-Satisfaction\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" alt=\"Figure 5 – Building 1 & Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Satisfaction\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 5 – Building 1 &amp; Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Satisfaction</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Overall for both buildings, load shedding has a noticeable effect on well-being, productivity, and satisfaction with one’s environment. In Building 1 load shedding leads to improvements in indicators, while in Building 2 the effects are adverse.</p>\n<p>Before load shedding, the majority of occupants felt the building was too cold in Building 1.  Reducing energy use during load shedding created a higher set point for the cooling level of the building, making it warmer overall and hence more closely approaching desired levels for many users. In Building 2, the largest block of users felt that the building temperature during control days was about right. Changes during load shedding that resulted in making the building warmer, therefore, lead to increased dissatisfaction.</p>\n<p>The difference in response among the two building also likely stems from the type of load shed implemented and characteristics of the building envelope. Building 1 had sophisticated, fine-grained control systems and was able to adjust the cooling setpoint degree by degree while Building 2, merely shut off cooling systems and ventilation. Also, Building 1 was a medium-sized office building that was newly retro-fitted with a well-insulated building envelope, which helped to buffer temperature fluctuations during the load shedding events and bring the temperature back to pre-load shedding levels more efficiently compared to Building 2. The second building was a much larger and older facility with a more diverse and less tightly-integrated building envelop that spanned across multiple building sections, which likely contributed to more significant and more extended temperature changes, that in turn, were more easily detectable by building occupants compared to the shorter and less pronounced temperature changes experienced by occupants in Building 1.</p>\n<h2><strong>Conclusions and Recommendations: </strong></h2>\n<p>The most critical finding suggested by this analysis and supported by additional findings in follow-up studies may be that all load shedding is not the same. Load shedding may be much better suited for buildings with sophisticated controls and high-tech envelopes, in which operators can tailor adjustments at a fine-grained level. Load shedding may be riskier in buildings with older systems and less control over operations.</p>\n<p>A second important finding relates to the extent to which these (and many other) buildings may be over-cooled in summers. Especially given that occupants preferred somewhat warmer temperatures (Building 1), reducing the extent of over-cooling, where it occurs, could save energy – not only during load-shedding events but on a regular basis.</p>\n<pre><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Senick, J.A., R.E. Wener, I. Feygina, M. Sorensen Allacci, and C.J. Andrews. 2013. <em>Occupant Behavior in Response to Energy-Saving Retrofits and Operations</em>. Prepared by the Center for Green Building at Rutgers University for the Energy Efficient Buildings Hub, Philadelphia, PA.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Malenchak, S., Sorensen Allacci, M., and Andrews, C.J. 2014. Preliminary experimental evaluations of occupant behavior during load shedding. Prepared by the Center for Green Building at Rutgers University for the Energy Efficient Buildings Hub, Philadelphia, PA.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://cda.iea-4e.org\">https://cda.iea-4e.org</a> (accessed September 10, 2018).</pre>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"clear\"> </div>\n<div class=\"clear\"> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"clear\"> </div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/\">Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB)</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Performance Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC and Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-re-commissioning/\">Re-Commissioning</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-variable-frequency-drives/\">Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Load Shedding Study','','publish','open','closed','','load-shedding-study','','','2022-03-14 14:58:46','2022-03-14 14:58:46','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?post_type=project&#038;p=946',0,'project','',0),(947,2,'2022-03-09 18:49:27','2022-03-09 18:49:27','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','946-revision-v1','','','2022-03-09 18:49:27','2022-03-09 18:49:27','',946,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=947',0,'revision','',0),(951,2,'2022-03-14 14:58:43','2022-03-14 14:58:43','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Load Shedding Study\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>This case study summarizes a two-building comparative pilot study by the Rutgers Center for Green Building (RCGB) that looked at occupant response to energy-saving technologies and load shedding in the workplace.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> The study was part of a more extensive study by RCGB for the <a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/\">Center for Building Energy Innovation</a> and sponsored by the <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/\">US Department of Energy</a>, which collected additional load shedding and occupant response data on 10 office buildings in the Mid-Atlantic region the following summer.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important?</strong></h2>\n<p>Load shedding refers to an energy-saving strategy that reduces electrical consumption, primarily for non-critical loads such as HVAC and lighting systems, during times of peak usage to maximize energy efficiency and energy savings and reduce the burden on electrical production and distribution systems. Lighting and HVAC systems account for a significant percentage of a building’s energy use; finding ways to maximize their energy efficiency while maintaining thermal comfort and appropriate lighting levels offer tremendous energy and energy-cost savings. Planned load shedding allows for participation in demand response programs – a strategy employed by utilities that uses time-based financial incentives to modify consumer electricity consumption during periods of peak demand, power scarcity, grid congestion or an anticipated grid outage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> At the building level, load shedding offers resiliency benefits by reducing non-critical loads during emergencies and reserving back-up energy for critical functions. Likewise, load shedding enhances grid resiliency by reducing electricity demand, especially at times of system peak and increasing grid reliability by avoiding system outages.</p>\n<h2><strong>For whom is it useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>The results of the RCGB study are useful for owners and operators, including real estate investment trusts (REITs), of both new and existing commercial buildings that are interested in scalable implementation strategies for managing peak loads and reducing energy and energy costs through load shedding while maintaining occupant satisfaction and productivity.</p>\n<h2><strong>Building and Site Description:</strong></h2>\n<p>The RCGB study compared two commercial office buildings, each with different lighting and HVAC energy-saving technologies and load-shedding capabilities. Located in the Mid-Atlantic region, the buildings experience similar climatic conditions. Differences between the buildings include the nature of the tenant, building structure and design, time and scope of retrofit, and the degree of technological sophistication of the building management systems. These differences were intentional to the study design and helped amplify the results and offer an opportunity for RCGB to examine the impact of such variability on occupant satisfaction.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Load-Shedding-FIgure-1-e1557884612816.png\" title_text=\"Load-Shedding-FIgure-1-e1557884612816\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 1: Building 1 – Mid-Atlantic based REIT owned office building<br /></em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The first case study building, constructed in 2004, is a three-story, 76,692 gross square foot office building of a Mid-Atlantic based REIT with 227 occupants. Although built as a multi-tenant site, the building currently functions as a single-tenanted building. Energy efficiency retrofits to this building included the addition of dimmable, IP-addressable lighting ballasts and low-wattage bulbs; variable frequency drives for selected fans in the packaged HVAC systems; retro-commissioning of the HVAC system; updated controls that include more sensor and control points; and links to an enterprise-wide system supporting remote monitoring and control of building systems. This retrofit provided the building operator with sophisticated load shedding capabilities, among other features.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Load-Shedding-SIte-2.png\" title_text=\"Load-Shedding-SIte-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 2: Building 2 – Mid-Atlantic based multi-building complex</em></p>\n<p>The second case study building is a multi-building complex of 755,540 square feet of office space, laboratories, experimental research areas, and technical shops, housing over 450 employees. Although operated as a single facility, it was built over several decades starting in 1960 and comprises 35 buildings varying in age and building envelope design. It contains several independently operated HVAC and electrical systems. This building’s systems are much less tightly integrated than those in Building 1 but had a history of load shedding practices.</p>\n<h2><strong>Study Design: </strong></h2>\n<p>RCGB employed a quasi-experimental research design using data collected through a series of participant surveys to assess building occupants’ reactions to energy-saving technologies in their work environment. The goal was to determine the range within which energy-saving decreases in temperature control and lighting brightness still offers a comfortable environment conducive to productivity and satisfaction.</p>\n<p>Each of the two case study buildings underwent a series of load-shed events in which cooling and lighting were decreased by a preset amount from baseline conditions to test the effect of load shedding on occupant evaluations. In this study, baseline conditions referred to parameters established by building management for temperature, lighting, and airflow that provide appropriate working conditions while maximizing efficiency and minimizing energy costs. Load shedding represented a change in these conditions.</p>\n<p>In Building 1, the decreases ranged from five to fifteen percent (see Table 1). In Building 2, the decreases entailed switching to weekend lighting in the hallways and turning the HVAC system off. The study surveyed participants on days when the building was operating under the normal energy load (control days) and during load shed days, and these measurements were compared to detect changes in responses. Note that we should view this data collection as a pilot study as conditions for and timing of the load shedding were evolving even as instruments were being developed and tested on site, resulting in data collection from a relatively small number of testing days and research subjects.</p>\n<p>Participants also completed a comprehensive survey which assessed their level of satisfaction and concerns about environmental factors in the workspace, including air flow, temperature, and light, ability to alter and control the environment, choice of adaptive behaviors resorted to when environmental features do not meet needs, as well as perceived productivity and overall job satisfaction. The survey took place during the shoulder season, in the early Fall, and again during the Winter in a shorter follow-up format. The research questions asked whether these changes produced noticeable responses from the occupants in how they felt about ambient conditions in the workplace.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/LPT-Case-Study-Table-1-Load-Shed-Protocol.png\" title_text=\"LPT-Case-Study-Table-1-Load-Shed-Protocol\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" alt=\"Table 1 – Load Shed Protocol\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Load Shed Protocol</em></p>\n<h2><strong>Findings: </strong></h2>\n<p>The findings suggest characteristics of buildings that are more conducive to load shedding perceived as acceptable or even viewed positively by building occupants, and the extent to which typical office buildings may be overcooled during the summer and shoulder months.</p>\n<p>In both Building 1 and Building 2, RCGB found substantial and, in several cases, statistically significant changes between control and load shedding days on items that address well-being, productivity, and satisfaction. Most interestingly the direction of the changes was consistent within each building but strikingly different between the sites. Specifically, occupants of Building 1 rated the environment as getting better whereas occupants in Building 2 rated the environment as getting worse (see Figure  3).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/LPT-Case-Study-Fig-3-Load-Shed-Impact-.png\" title_text=\"LPT-Case-Study-Fig-3-Load-Shed-Impact-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Building 1 & Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Well-being\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 3 – Building 1 &amp; Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Well-being</em></p>\n<p>For the well-being items (see Figure 3), on every item except self-reported stress, occupants in Building 1 saw the environment as improving on load shedding days while occupants in Building 2 saw the environment as becoming less favorable. Occupants in Building 1 felt more pleasant and alert, rated their physical and mental health more positively, and were better able to concentrate and less fatigued, while those in Building 2 felt the opposite (* indicates statistical significance). Occupants indicated feeling slightly (but not significantly) more stress on the load shedding days in each case.</p>\n<p>As shown in Figure 4, occupants of Building 1 rated themselves as having higher work quality, being more productive, and being more satisfied with their work (though not reaching statistical significance) on load shedding days. By contrast, occupants in Building 2 rated themselves as having lower work quality, being less productive, and being less satisfied with their work (though not reaching statistical significance) on load shedding days.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/LPT-Case-Study-Fig-4-Changes-in-Productivity.png\" title_text=\"LPT-Case-Study-Fig-4-Changes-in-Productivity\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" alt=\"Figure 4 – Building 1 & Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Productivity\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 4 – Building 1 &amp; Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Productivity</em></p>\n<p>Self-ratings of satisfaction with environmental conditions showed more variability than the other results, with several items standing out. For Building 1 temperature and temperature adjustability was rated significantly more positively on load shedding days, while for Building 2, air quality and temperature adjustability were rated as significantly less satisfactory on load shedding days (see Figure 5).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/LPT-Case-Study-Figure-5-Satisfaction.png\" title_text=\"LPT-Case-Study-Figure-5-Satisfaction\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" alt=\"Figure 5 – Building 1 & Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Satisfaction\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 5 – Building 1 &amp; Building 2 – Changes with Load Shedding: Satisfaction</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Overall for both buildings, load shedding has a noticeable effect on well-being, productivity, and satisfaction with one’s environment. In Building 1 load shedding leads to improvements in indicators, while in Building 2 the effects are adverse.</p>\n<p>Before load shedding, the majority of occupants felt the building was too cold in Building 1.  Reducing energy use during load shedding created a higher set point for the cooling level of the building, making it warmer overall and hence more closely approaching desired levels for many users. In Building 2, the largest block of users felt that the building temperature during control days was about right. Changes during load shedding that resulted in making the building warmer, therefore, lead to increased dissatisfaction.</p>\n<p>The difference in response among the two building also likely stems from the type of load shed implemented and characteristics of the building envelope. Building 1 had sophisticated, fine-grained control systems and was able to adjust the cooling setpoint degree by degree while Building 2, merely shut off cooling systems and ventilation. Also, Building 1 was a medium-sized office building that was newly retro-fitted with a well-insulated building envelope, which helped to buffer temperature fluctuations during the load shedding events and bring the temperature back to pre-load shedding levels more efficiently compared to Building 2. The second building was a much larger and older facility with a more diverse and less tightly-integrated building envelop that spanned across multiple building sections, which likely contributed to more significant and more extended temperature changes, that in turn, were more easily detectable by building occupants compared to the shorter and less pronounced temperature changes experienced by occupants in Building 1.</p>\n<h2><strong>Conclusions and Recommendations: </strong></h2>\n<p>The most critical finding suggested by this analysis and supported by additional findings in follow-up studies may be that all load shedding is not the same. Load shedding may be much better suited for buildings with sophisticated controls and high-tech envelopes, in which operators can tailor adjustments at a fine-grained level. Load shedding may be riskier in buildings with older systems and less control over operations.</p>\n<p>A second important finding relates to the extent to which these (and many other) buildings may be over-cooled in summers. Especially given that occupants preferred somewhat warmer temperatures (Building 1), reducing the extent of over-cooling, where it occurs, could save energy – not only during load-shedding events but on a regular basis.</p>\n<pre><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Senick, J.A., R.E. Wener, I. Feygina, M. Sorensen Allacci, and C.J. Andrews. 2013. <em>Occupant Behavior in Response to Energy-Saving Retrofits and Operations</em>. Prepared by the Center for Green Building at Rutgers University for the Energy Efficient Buildings Hub, Philadelphia, PA.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Malenchak, S., Sorensen Allacci, M., and Andrews, C.J. 2014. Preliminary experimental evaluations of occupant behavior during load shedding. Prepared by the Center for Green Building at Rutgers University for the Energy Efficient Buildings Hub, Philadelphia, PA.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/load-shedding-case-study/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018. <a href=\"https://cda.iea-4e.org\">https://cda.iea-4e.org</a> (accessed September 10, 2018).</pre>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"clear\"> </div>\n<div class=\"clear\"> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"clear\"> </div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/\">Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB)</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Performance Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC and Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-re-commissioning/\">Re-Commissioning</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-variable-frequency-drives/\">Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Load Shedding Study','','inherit','closed','closed','','946-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 14:58:43','2022-03-14 14:58:43','',946,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=951',0,'revision','',0),(952,2,'2022-03-14 15:05:28','2022-03-14 15:05:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Highland Park High School and Middle School Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Highland Park High School and Middle School was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of adequately equipped community gathering spaces can support essential functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable. Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency. In the Highland Park High School/Middle School case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Highschool-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: High School / Middle School Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Highschool-Fig-2\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 1: High School / Middle School Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>For Whom is This Useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: High School/Middle School</strong></h2>\n<p>The Highland Park High School/Middle School (HPHSMS) campus currently does not have a solar array. Building roof and parking lot canopy structures are possible options, but it would likely be hard to construct more than 100 kW at this site, without comprising existing functions such as ball fields. Some of the kitchen equipment at the site is very electricity intensive, while HVAC requirements and lighting consumption are also considerable.  A complementary strategy would be to install a solar array and battery storage system to provide backup power more sustainably.</p>\n<p>School cafeterias serve as a potential emergency gathering place. The Highland Park High School has a safe occupancy of 372 with an attached full-featured kitchen with natural gas-fired stoves and ovens, electric dishwashers, convection ovens, and mixers. The gymnasium, nearby, also could be called into emergency service. The Middle School is smaller with a maximum capacity of 136 people with mostly electric reheating and serving facilities. As these are connected buildings, spaces and resources are flexible assets.</p>\n<p>The HPMHMS campus could support the following critical demand-side functions:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Phones / laptop charging</li>\n<li>Wi-Fi communication (depending on provider operations)</li>\n<li>Water heating</li>\n<li>Basic cooking</li>\n<li>Food storage</li>\n<li>Operation of restroom facilities</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Electricity Demand Calculation </strong></h2>\n<p>Three questions were posed in the Highland Park Solar Island Project to determine critical electrical loads:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must it be continuously available?</li>\n<li>Are there affordable and convenient substitutes?</li>\n<li>What are the consequences for human health and economic costs?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The following electricity demand calculations are for the high school cafeteria, assuming occupancy of 250 people for a 12-hour window.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-Highschool-Table-2.png\" alt=\"Table 1: Electricity Demand Calculation for High School Cafeteria – hosting 250 people for a 12- hour window.\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-Highschool-Table-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Table 1: Electricity Demand Calculation for High School Cafeteria – hosting 250 people for a 12- hour window.</em></p>\n<p>The numbers in Table 1 illustrate four important points that help to address the questions above concerning critical electrical loads. First, the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning energy requirements are very large. During an emergency, it may not be possible to operate these systems. Second, lighting is a big energy consumer if operated at normal illumination levels all day long. It may be necessary to keep most lights off and rely on daylighting through the windows wherever possible. Third, some of the kitchen equipment is very electricity intensive. It may be necessary to limit kitchen activities to the refrigerator, freezer, and gas-fired cooktops. Finally, charging cellphones and laptops is less of a concern because these devices do not consume much electrical energy. However, the ability to communicate to family members and loved ones during an emergency situation is important in supporting psychological well-being.</p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the HPHSMS would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 2 shows data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record. Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system. Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-95622f5119a561f\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">NJ Board of Public Utilities website</a>.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.  </p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Highland Park High School and Middle School Solar Islanding Study','','publish','open','closed','','highland-park-high-school-and-middle-school-solar-islanding-study','','','2022-03-14 15:06:13','2022-03-14 15:06:13','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?post_type=project&#038;p=952',0,'project','',0),(953,2,'2022-03-14 14:59:44','2022-03-14 14:59:44','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','952-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 14:59:44','2022-03-14 14:59:44','',952,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=953',0,'revision','',0),(955,2,'2022-03-14 15:05:28','2022-03-14 15:05:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Highland Park High School and Middle School Solar Islanding Study\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The Highland Park High School and Middle School was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of adequately equipped community gathering spaces can support essential functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable. Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency. In the Highland Park High School/Middle School case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Highschool-Fig-2.png\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Highschool-Fig-2\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" alt=\"Figure 1: High School / Middle School Site\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 1: High School / Middle School Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>For Whom is This Useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: High School/Middle School</strong></h2>\n<p>The Highland Park High School/Middle School (HPHSMS) campus currently does not have a solar array. Building roof and parking lot canopy structures are possible options, but it would likely be hard to construct more than 100 kW at this site, without comprising existing functions such as ball fields. Some of the kitchen equipment at the site is very electricity intensive, while HVAC requirements and lighting consumption are also considerable.  A complementary strategy would be to install a solar array and battery storage system to provide backup power more sustainably.</p>\n<p>School cafeterias serve as a potential emergency gathering place. The Highland Park High School has a safe occupancy of 372 with an attached full-featured kitchen with natural gas-fired stoves and ovens, electric dishwashers, convection ovens, and mixers. The gymnasium, nearby, also could be called into emergency service. The Middle School is smaller with a maximum capacity of 136 people with mostly electric reheating and serving facilities. As these are connected buildings, spaces and resources are flexible assets.</p>\n<p>The HPMHMS campus could support the following critical demand-side functions:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Phones / laptop charging</li>\n<li>Wi-Fi communication (depending on provider operations)</li>\n<li>Water heating</li>\n<li>Basic cooking</li>\n<li>Food storage</li>\n<li>Operation of restroom facilities</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Electricity Demand Calculation </strong></h2>\n<p>Three questions were posed in the Highland Park Solar Island Project to determine critical electrical loads:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must it be continuously available?</li>\n<li>Are there affordable and convenient substitutes?</li>\n<li>What are the consequences for human health and economic costs?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The following electricity demand calculations are for the high school cafeteria, assuming occupancy of 250 people for a 12-hour window.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-Highschool-Table-2.png\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-Highschool-Table-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" alt=\"Table 1: Electricity Demand Calculation for High School Cafeteria – hosting 250 people for a 12- hour window.\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Table 1: Electricity Demand Calculation for High School Cafeteria – hosting 250 people for a 12- hour window.</em></p>\n<p>The numbers in Table 1 illustrate four important points that help to address the questions above concerning critical electrical loads. First, the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning energy requirements are very large. During an emergency, it may not be possible to operate these systems. Second, lighting is a big energy consumer if operated at normal illumination levels all day long. It may be necessary to keep most lights off and rely on daylighting through the windows wherever possible. Third, some of the kitchen equipment is very electricity intensive. It may be necessary to limit kitchen activities to the refrigerator, freezer, and gas-fired cooktops. Finally, charging cellphones and laptops is less of a concern because these devices do not consume much electrical energy. However, the ability to communicate to family members and loved ones during an emergency situation is important in supporting psychological well-being.</p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the HPHSMS would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 2 shows data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record. Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system. Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-95622f5119a561f\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">NJ Board of Public Utilities website</a>.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.  </p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','952-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 15:05:28','2022-03-14 15:05:28','',952,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=955',0,'revision','',0),(956,2,'2022-03-14 15:06:10','2022-03-14 15:06:10','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Highland Park High School and Middle School Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Highland Park High School and Middle School was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of adequately equipped community gathering spaces can support essential functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable. Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency. In the Highland Park High School/Middle School case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Highschool-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: High School / Middle School Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Highschool-Fig-2\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 1: High School / Middle School Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>For Whom is This Useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: High School/Middle School</strong></h2>\n<p>The Highland Park High School/Middle School (HPHSMS) campus currently does not have a solar array. Building roof and parking lot canopy structures are possible options, but it would likely be hard to construct more than 100 kW at this site, without comprising existing functions such as ball fields. Some of the kitchen equipment at the site is very electricity intensive, while HVAC requirements and lighting consumption are also considerable.  A complementary strategy would be to install a solar array and battery storage system to provide backup power more sustainably.</p>\n<p>School cafeterias serve as a potential emergency gathering place. The Highland Park High School has a safe occupancy of 372 with an attached full-featured kitchen with natural gas-fired stoves and ovens, electric dishwashers, convection ovens, and mixers. The gymnasium, nearby, also could be called into emergency service. The Middle School is smaller with a maximum capacity of 136 people with mostly electric reheating and serving facilities. As these are connected buildings, spaces and resources are flexible assets.</p>\n<p>The HPMHMS campus could support the following critical demand-side functions:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Phones / laptop charging</li>\n<li>Wi-Fi communication (depending on provider operations)</li>\n<li>Water heating</li>\n<li>Basic cooking</li>\n<li>Food storage</li>\n<li>Operation of restroom facilities</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Electricity Demand Calculation </strong></h2>\n<p>Three questions were posed in the Highland Park Solar Island Project to determine critical electrical loads:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must it be continuously available?</li>\n<li>Are there affordable and convenient substitutes?</li>\n<li>What are the consequences for human health and economic costs?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The following electricity demand calculations are for the high school cafeteria, assuming occupancy of 250 people for a 12-hour window.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-Highschool-Table-2.png\" alt=\"Table 1: Electricity Demand Calculation for High School Cafeteria – hosting 250 people for a 12- hour window.\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-Highschool-Table-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Table 1: Electricity Demand Calculation for High School Cafeteria – hosting 250 people for a 12- hour window.</em></p>\n<p>The numbers in Table 1 illustrate four important points that help to address the questions above concerning critical electrical loads. First, the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning energy requirements are very large. During an emergency, it may not be possible to operate these systems. Second, lighting is a big energy consumer if operated at normal illumination levels all day long. It may be necessary to keep most lights off and rely on daylighting through the windows wherever possible. Third, some of the kitchen equipment is very electricity intensive. It may be necessary to limit kitchen activities to the refrigerator, freezer, and gas-fired cooktops. Finally, charging cellphones and laptops is less of a concern because these devices do not consume much electrical energy. However, the ability to communicate to family members and loved ones during an emergency situation is important in supporting psychological well-being.</p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the HPHSMS would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 2 shows data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record. Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system. Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-95622f5119a561f\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">NJ Board of Public Utilities website</a>.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.  </p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','952-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 15:06:10','2022-03-14 15:06:10','',952,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=956',0,'revision','',0),(957,2,'2022-03-14 15:06:13','2022-03-14 15:06:13','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Highland Park High School and Middle School Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Highland Park High School and Middle School was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of adequately equipped community gathering spaces can support essential functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable. Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency. In the Highland Park High School/Middle School case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Highschool-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: High School / Middle School Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Highschool-Fig-2\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 1: High School / Middle School Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>For Whom is This Useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: High School/Middle School</strong></h2>\n<p>The Highland Park High School/Middle School (HPHSMS) campus currently does not have a solar array. Building roof and parking lot canopy structures are possible options, but it would likely be hard to construct more than 100 kW at this site, without comprising existing functions such as ball fields. Some of the kitchen equipment at the site is very electricity intensive, while HVAC requirements and lighting consumption are also considerable.  A complementary strategy would be to install a solar array and battery storage system to provide backup power more sustainably.</p>\n<p>School cafeterias serve as a potential emergency gathering place. The Highland Park High School has a safe occupancy of 372 with an attached full-featured kitchen with natural gas-fired stoves and ovens, electric dishwashers, convection ovens, and mixers. The gymnasium, nearby, also could be called into emergency service. The Middle School is smaller with a maximum capacity of 136 people with mostly electric reheating and serving facilities. As these are connected buildings, spaces and resources are flexible assets.</p>\n<p>The HPMHMS campus could support the following critical demand-side functions:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Phones / laptop charging</li>\n<li>Wi-Fi communication (depending on provider operations)</li>\n<li>Water heating</li>\n<li>Basic cooking</li>\n<li>Food storage</li>\n<li>Operation of restroom facilities</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Electricity Demand Calculation </strong></h2>\n<p>Three questions were posed in the Highland Park Solar Island Project to determine critical electrical loads:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must it be continuously available?</li>\n<li>Are there affordable and convenient substitutes?</li>\n<li>What are the consequences for human health and economic costs?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The following electricity demand calculations are for the high school cafeteria, assuming occupancy of 250 people for a 12-hour window.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-Highschool-Table-2.png\" alt=\"Table 1: Electricity Demand Calculation for High School Cafeteria – hosting 250 people for a 12- hour window.\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-Highschool-Table-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Table 1: Electricity Demand Calculation for High School Cafeteria – hosting 250 people for a 12- hour window.</em></p>\n<p>The numbers in Table 1 illustrate four important points that help to address the questions above concerning critical electrical loads. First, the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning energy requirements are very large. During an emergency, it may not be possible to operate these systems. Second, lighting is a big energy consumer if operated at normal illumination levels all day long. It may be necessary to keep most lights off and rely on daylighting through the windows wherever possible. Third, some of the kitchen equipment is very electricity intensive. It may be necessary to limit kitchen activities to the refrigerator, freezer, and gas-fired cooktops. Finally, charging cellphones and laptops is less of a concern because these devices do not consume much electrical energy. However, the ability to communicate to family members and loved ones during an emergency situation is important in supporting psychological well-being.</p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the HPHSMS would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 2 shows data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record. Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system. Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-95622f5119a561f\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">NJ Board of Public Utilities website</a>.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.  </p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Highland Park High School and Middle School Solar Islanding Study','','inherit','closed','closed','','952-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 15:06:13','2022-03-14 15:06:13','',952,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=957',0,'revision','',0),(958,2,'2022-03-14 15:34:36','2022-03-14 15:34:36','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Heatwave Resilience Case Study\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" subhead=\"Housing Authority of the City of Elizabeth\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>This case study draws upon National Science Foundation funded research at the Rutgers Center for Green Building, which assessed heat wave impacts on air quality and how public housing residents cope with heatwaves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Three HACE sites in Elizabeth, NJ served as study sites: Mravlag Manor (Site M), Ford Leonard Towers (Site F), and 205 First Street (Site L).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-1-1-e1553020265316.png\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-1-1-e1553020265316\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" alt=\"Fig 1 – Map of Elizabeth, NJ.\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 1 – Map of Elizabeth, NJ.</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Health and comfort challenges presented by poor air quality are exacerbated by heatwaves, which are increasing in severity and duration.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> While it is difficult to take local actions that substantively impact outdoor air quality, property managers and tenants can take actions that improve indoor air quality. This is important because the average person spends more than 90% of his/her time indoors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Additionally, property managers can pursue strategies to improve outdoor environmental quality in the immediate vicinity of the property (e.g., provision of shade) and encourage tenant use of outdoor amenities. Depending on location, and time of day, outdoor air quality is better than indoor air quality.</p>\n<h2><strong>For whom is this useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>The original research focused on vulnerable urban seniors living in public housing, although its findings are broadly useful, especially for vulnerable populations. Developers, property owners, design professionals, public agencies and communities all stand to benefit their constituencies by adopting strategies for increasing heatwave resilience.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of location: Elizabeth, NJ</strong></h2>\n<p>The City of Elizabeth is the fourth largest city in New Jersey and the largest city in Union County. It covers a total of 13.5 square miles and contains one of the largest and busiest ports in the world. Within Elizabeth, HACE manages 1,322 public housing units.</p>\n<p>The City of Elizabeth is home to significant sources of pollution such as the Bayway Refinery, part of the Chemical Coast (a stretch of municipalities that produce most of the region’s oil products), the I-95 corridor, Port Elizabeth Marine Terminal, one of the largest ports in the country, and shares the Newark Liberty International Airport with the City of Newark. Based on an analysis by the National Toxics Assessment, air quality in Elizabeth was given a score of 25 out of 100.</p>\n<h2><strong>Physical Characteristics of the Study Sites</strong></h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-2.png\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" alt=\"Fig 2 – Study Site M and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017)\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 2 – Study Site M and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017)</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>421 Units in 15 three-story walk-ups</li>\n<li>New roofs, fire escapes, heaters + bathrooms</li>\n<li>On-site community room and event space</li>\n<li>Social + financial support services</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Fig 3 – Study Site F and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 3 – Study Site F and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>121 Units</li>\n<li>11-stories (1 building)</li>\n<li>Extensive upgrades</li>\n<li>Community Space</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-4.png\" alt=\"Fig 4 – Study Site L and its Surroundings (NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-4\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 4 – Study Site L and its Surroundings (NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>30 Senior-only units</li>\n<li>Newest HACE property</li>\n<li>LEED Gold</li>\n<li>All units have access to central air</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Study Design</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>24 households in 3 Housing Authority of the City of Elizabeth (HACE) sites</li>\n<li>Baseline interviews on social economic status, health, coping strategies, etc.</li>\n<li>Follow-up interviews; especially during heatwaves</li>\n<li>Continuous outdoor measurements using sensors</li>\n<li>Continuous indoor measurements (24 apts.) using sensors</li>\n<li>Empty apartment: continuous measurements using sensors</li>\n<li>Study timeframe: July 1 – September 30</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Findings</strong></h2>\n<p>The study investigated the architecture and technology of the buildings, the outdoor environment, and building occupant (tenant) behavior, with a strong focus on primary-source data including a system of indoor and outdoor sensors as well as structured interviews with building occupants.</p>\n<h3><strong>Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality</strong></h3>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Fig 5 – Average Hourly Ozone Levels in Newark and Bayonne\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-5\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 5 – Average Hourly Ozone Levels in Newark and Bayonne</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ground-level ozone levels vary significantly throughout the day</li>\n<li>High temperature associated with higher levels of ozone</li>\n<li>Ozone, PM2.5, PM10, CO2 + high temperature have negative effects on health.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Adaptive Actions by Study Site</strong></h3>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-6.png\" alt=\"Fig 6 – Baseline Interviews vs. Actual Heat Waves Summer 2017 *Not necessarily in search for a cooler place (only 5% left in search of a cooler place)\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-6\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 6 – Baseline Interviews vs. Actual Heat Waves Summer 2017<br />*Not necessarily in search for a cooler place (only 5% left in search of a cooler place)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-7.png\" alt=\"Fig 7- Study Hypothesis and Findings\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-7\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 7- Study Hypothesis and Findings</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Green Building Strategies to Mitigate Heatwave Impact</strong></h2>\n<h3><strong>Outdoor Shade Spaces</strong></h3>\n<p>Aging adults and people with chronic illness are at particular risk of heat stroke, dehydration and dangerous fainting spells. This is exacerbated by the fact that some people living in public housing do not have access to central air conditioning (AC) or cannot afford to run window AC units. Property owners can encourage these populations to walk the outdoor premises by providing amenities that accommodate such activity.</p>\n<p>While the grounds of apartment complexes often include outdoor common spaces, they do not always have shaded areas and aging adults, who are susceptible to heatstroke, may not be able to take advantage of unshaded outdoor spaces. Owners may consider planting trees on property grounds as the presence of trees will contribute to improved air quality. Trees absorb pollutants and also help reduce the urban heat island effect by cooling the immediate environment through evapotranspiration and can reduce the need the demand for air conditioning in nearby buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Heat island effect takes place when built up or densely developed areas experience an increase in temperature due to large areas of dark surfaces (i.e., pavement, roofs, etc.) that absorb heat from the sun. Rising temperatures result in increased energy demands, which can lead to higher air conditioning costs, increased greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, and increased risk of heat-related illnesses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> If planting trees is not feasible, owners can still incorporate planted areas, install canopies or umbrellas and provide seating to accommodate outdoor activities. Consider multipurpose components such as photovoltaic panels or vegetated roofs on structural canopies. High reflectance or “cool” paving stays cooler in the sun than darker paving. Consider using light-colored and reflective-colored pavers an alternative to asphalt and other dark materials for outdoor spaces.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Water features can also help cool the microclimate of an outdoor space.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>To help signal to tenants the appropriate times for outdoor seating or recreation, as well as opportunities to exchange air in the apartment via window opening, property owners can implement a visual outdoor air quality monitoring and warning system. The US EPA has an ‘Air Now’ online tool (www.airnow.gov) that lists air quality conditions by zip codes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> A highly visible flag system that correlates to a scale of air quality on site can help provide information about current air quality.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-8.png\" alt=\"Fig 8 – Air Quality Index (Source: US EPA).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-8\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 8 – Air Quality Index (Source: US EPA).</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3>Vegetated Roofs</h3>\n<p>A vegetated roof, or green roof, is a system of lightweight growing media and plants that can be installed on most new or existing roofs with the input of a structural engineer. Vegetated roofs can improve air quality, reduce the urban heat island effect, manage stormwater and reduce the need for heating and cooling within the building. Accessible green roofs can also provide opportunities for producing food as well as providing additional outdoor space and wildlife habitat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p>For example, vegetated roofs serve as a carbon sink, helping to offset carbon emissions. Vegetation traps dust and particulate matter as well as other contaminants such as nitrogen oxides.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The multiple layers of a vegetated roof provide insulation. By increasing a building’s thermal mass, vegetated roofs can help keep temperatures cool in hot weather and warmer during the heating season translating into less energy spent on climate control for the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> In the event of a power outage, common during heatwaves, vegetated roofs can help keep temperatures cool in the hot weather.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 9 – The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation headquarters green roof in Morristown, NJ (Source: Wild New Jersey).\" title_text=\"NC-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-2-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 9 – The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation headquarters green roof in Morristown, NJ (Source: Wild New Jersey).</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3>Cool Roofs</h3>\n<p>Cool roofs, typically white, light-colored or reflective-colored roofs, reflect and radiate heat away from the building and are “cooler,” or have higher levels of reflectance and emissivity, than dark roofs. Many building codes and green building programs have a cool roof and urban heat island mitigation requirements that refer to <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products/cool_roofs_emissivity\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/\">Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC)</a> voluntary labeling programs. Cool roofs and proper insulation levels can reduce heating and cooling loads, reducing stress on the grid, and help to regulate thermal comfort during a power outage. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Cool-Roof-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 10 – Reflectance and Emittance of Roofs (Source: Cool Roof Rating Council)\" title_text=\"NC-Cool-Roof-Fig-1-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 10 – Reflectance and Emittance of Roofs (Source: Cool Roof Rating Council)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3><strong>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</strong></h3>\n<p>The careful selection and placement of trees, shrubs and other vegetation can help reduce a building’s cooling needs. For example, planting trees on the southside of the building can minimize summer solar heat gain. During a heat-wave, shade-providing trees help mitigate the urban heat island effect, reduce indoor cooling loads, and reduce stress on the power grid.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Smart Metering</strong></h3>\n<p>Smart meters or advanced meters, a component of the broader smart grid, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> use digital meters to record and transmit energy consumption and generation data, namely electricity, but also natural gas or water usage in intervals of an hour or less through secure wireless network back to the utility and consumer at least daily. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> As opposed to traditional analog or automated meter readers, smart meter technology includes remote reading, two-way communication, support for dynamic pricing,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> and remote disablement and enablement of supply.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> Smart meters provide documentation for participation in utility-sponsored demand response programs, which incentivize property owners and managers to interrupt or adjust energy use by reducing or shifting loads or storing energy during peak demand and periods of higher energy costs or enable utilities to remotely switch electricity services on or off based on the cost or availability of energy.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> For example, consumption data from smart meters can signal a utility or consumer to remotely turn off air-conditioning units to avoid peak load issues or to run appliances during lower demand, lower-cost times of the day. Smart metered buildings with on-site renewable energy generation (e.g., photovoltaic systems) and energy storage (e.g., thermal storage, battery storage, fuel cells) can signal consumers to use renewable electricity when available, store excess when not needed or sell excess electricity to the grid. Smart metering and participating in demand response programs can help reduce water and energy costs and prevent peak demand-related grid-outages.</p>\n<p>Smart meters increase heatwave resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging. During heatwaves or power outages, smart meters help accelerate service restoration by identifying problem areas and efficiently sending work crews, thereby reducing repair costs and total outage times and limiting business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a></p>\n<h3>Heatwave Prevention and Preparation: Energy Storage and Back-up Power</h3>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, heatwaves, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlights the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy (e.g., batteries, thermal storage) for later use when it is needed, such as during a heatwave and power outage, or storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand, such as increased air conditioning usage during a heatwave, when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a></p>\n<p>Backup power refers to supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage), power from on-site power generation with islanding capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 11 – Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" title_text=\"NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 11 – Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-32622f511a680df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Property owners and managers may consider supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators with the following technologies to provide backup power in the event of a power outage or heatwave:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage.</li>\n<li>Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems with or without energy storage.</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage.</li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support heatwave prevention and preparation in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><em>This project was funded in part through National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant AGS-1645786. Materials for this case study are drawn from Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference, Rutgers Environmental Planning Studio. Final Report. Spring 2017. Don’t Sweat It: Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality in Elizabeth, NJ, and NJ Green Building Manual Strategies.</em></p>\n<pre><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference, Rutgers Environmental Planning Studio. Final Report. Spring 2017. Don’t Sweat It: Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality in Elizabeth, NJ, and NJ Green Building Manual Strategies.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Klepes, Neil, et al. 2001. <a href=\"https://indoor.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbnl-47713.pdf\">The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A Resource for Assessing Exposure to Environmental Pollutants</a>. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (accessed March 15, 2019).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Heisler, Gordon M. and David J. Novak. <a href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2010/nrs_2010_nowak_002.pdf\">National Recreation and Park Association</a>. 2010. (accessed December 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Solecki, William D. et al.,<em> <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/research/urbanheat.pdf\">Urban Heat Island and Climate Change: An Assessment of Interacting and Possible Adaptations in the Camden, New Jersey Region</a>,</em> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research, and Technology (2004).  (accessed March 16, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. High Reflectance Hardscape Materials.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> De Joanna, Paola. International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Sustainable Development. <a href=\"http://iicbe.org/upload/9452DIR1216417.pdf\">The Water for Climate Comfort in Architecture</a>. 2016. (accessed December 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. <a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov\">AirNow</a>. (accessed December 12, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. Vegetated Roofs.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Oberndorfer, Erica et. al. 2007. <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/57/10/823/232363\">Green Roofs as Urban Ecosystems: Ecological Structures, Functions, and Services</a>. <em>Biosciencemag.org </em>57, no. 10. (accessed March 25, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> James Hoff. “<a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Peak-Demand-Hoff-11.11.14.pdf\">Reducing Peak Energy Demand: A Hidden Benefit of Cool Roofs</a>.” TEGNOS Research.  (accessed March 25, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Rutgers Center for Green building. NJ Green Building Manual. Cool Roofs.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. Energy-efficient Landscaping.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> Smart grids are electricity supply networks that use digital communications technology to detect and react to changes in energy supply and demand and manage the transport of electricity from generation sources to end users.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. <a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=108&amp;t=1\">Frequently Asked Questions: Smart Meters</a>. Updated December 7, 2017. (accessed Sept 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Dynamic pricing includes time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, variable peak pricing, critical peak pricing, and critical or peak time rebates.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> DOE. “<a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses</a>.” (accessed May 1, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, <a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change</a>.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey</a>. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (accessed Oct 3, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</pre>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-cool-roofs/\">Cool Roofs</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-reflectance-hardscape-materials/\">High-Reflectance Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Mass</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Heatwave Resilience Case Study','','publish','open','closed','','heatwave-resilience-case-study','','','2022-03-14 15:34:39','2022-03-14 15:34:39','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?post_type=project&#038;p=958',0,'project','',0),(959,2,'2022-03-14 15:17:27','2022-03-14 15:17:27','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','958-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 15:17:27','2022-03-14 15:17:27','',958,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=959',0,'revision','',0),(961,2,'2022-03-14 15:34:36','2022-03-14 15:34:36','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Heatwave Resilience Case Study\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" subhead=\"Housing Authority of the City of Elizabeth\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>This case study draws upon National Science Foundation funded research at the Rutgers Center for Green Building, which assessed heat wave impacts on air quality and how public housing residents cope with heatwaves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Three HACE sites in Elizabeth, NJ served as study sites: Mravlag Manor (Site M), Ford Leonard Towers (Site F), and 205 First Street (Site L).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-1-1-e1553020265316.png\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-1-1-e1553020265316\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" alt=\"Fig 1 – Map of Elizabeth, NJ.\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 1 – Map of Elizabeth, NJ.</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Health and comfort challenges presented by poor air quality are exacerbated by heatwaves, which are increasing in severity and duration.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> While it is difficult to take local actions that substantively impact outdoor air quality, property managers and tenants can take actions that improve indoor air quality. This is important because the average person spends more than 90% of his/her time indoors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Additionally, property managers can pursue strategies to improve outdoor environmental quality in the immediate vicinity of the property (e.g., provision of shade) and encourage tenant use of outdoor amenities. Depending on location, and time of day, outdoor air quality is better than indoor air quality.</p>\n<h2><strong>For whom is this useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>The original research focused on vulnerable urban seniors living in public housing, although its findings are broadly useful, especially for vulnerable populations. Developers, property owners, design professionals, public agencies and communities all stand to benefit their constituencies by adopting strategies for increasing heatwave resilience.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of location: Elizabeth, NJ</strong></h2>\n<p>The City of Elizabeth is the fourth largest city in New Jersey and the largest city in Union County. It covers a total of 13.5 square miles and contains one of the largest and busiest ports in the world. Within Elizabeth, HACE manages 1,322 public housing units.</p>\n<p>The City of Elizabeth is home to significant sources of pollution such as the Bayway Refinery, part of the Chemical Coast (a stretch of municipalities that produce most of the region’s oil products), the I-95 corridor, Port Elizabeth Marine Terminal, one of the largest ports in the country, and shares the Newark Liberty International Airport with the City of Newark. Based on an analysis by the National Toxics Assessment, air quality in Elizabeth was given a score of 25 out of 100.</p>\n<h2><strong>Physical Characteristics of the Study Sites</strong></h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-2.png\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" alt=\"Fig 2 – Study Site M and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017)\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 2 – Study Site M and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017)</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>421 Units in 15 three-story walk-ups</li>\n<li>New roofs, fire escapes, heaters + bathrooms</li>\n<li>On-site community room and event space</li>\n<li>Social + financial support services</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Fig 3 – Study Site F and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 3 – Study Site F and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>121 Units</li>\n<li>11-stories (1 building)</li>\n<li>Extensive upgrades</li>\n<li>Community Space</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-4.png\" alt=\"Fig 4 – Study Site L and its Surroundings (NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-4\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 4 – Study Site L and its Surroundings (NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>30 Senior-only units</li>\n<li>Newest HACE property</li>\n<li>LEED Gold</li>\n<li>All units have access to central air</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Study Design</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>24 households in 3 Housing Authority of the City of Elizabeth (HACE) sites</li>\n<li>Baseline interviews on social economic status, health, coping strategies, etc.</li>\n<li>Follow-up interviews; especially during heatwaves</li>\n<li>Continuous outdoor measurements using sensors</li>\n<li>Continuous indoor measurements (24 apts.) using sensors</li>\n<li>Empty apartment: continuous measurements using sensors</li>\n<li>Study timeframe: July 1 – September 30</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Findings</strong></h2>\n<p>The study investigated the architecture and technology of the buildings, the outdoor environment, and building occupant (tenant) behavior, with a strong focus on primary-source data including a system of indoor and outdoor sensors as well as structured interviews with building occupants.</p>\n<h3><strong>Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality</strong></h3>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Fig 5 – Average Hourly Ozone Levels in Newark and Bayonne\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-5\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 5 – Average Hourly Ozone Levels in Newark and Bayonne</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ground-level ozone levels vary significantly throughout the day</li>\n<li>High temperature associated with higher levels of ozone</li>\n<li>Ozone, PM2.5, PM10, CO2 + high temperature have negative effects on health.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Adaptive Actions by Study Site</strong></h3>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-6.png\" alt=\"Fig 6 – Baseline Interviews vs. Actual Heat Waves Summer 2017 *Not necessarily in search for a cooler place (only 5% left in search of a cooler place)\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-6\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 6 – Baseline Interviews vs. Actual Heat Waves Summer 2017<br />*Not necessarily in search for a cooler place (only 5% left in search of a cooler place)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-7.png\" alt=\"Fig 7- Study Hypothesis and Findings\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-7\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 7- Study Hypothesis and Findings</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Green Building Strategies to Mitigate Heatwave Impact</strong></h2>\n<h3><strong>Outdoor Shade Spaces</strong></h3>\n<p>Aging adults and people with chronic illness are at particular risk of heat stroke, dehydration and dangerous fainting spells. This is exacerbated by the fact that some people living in public housing do not have access to central air conditioning (AC) or cannot afford to run window AC units. Property owners can encourage these populations to walk the outdoor premises by providing amenities that accommodate such activity.</p>\n<p>While the grounds of apartment complexes often include outdoor common spaces, they do not always have shaded areas and aging adults, who are susceptible to heatstroke, may not be able to take advantage of unshaded outdoor spaces. Owners may consider planting trees on property grounds as the presence of trees will contribute to improved air quality. Trees absorb pollutants and also help reduce the urban heat island effect by cooling the immediate environment through evapotranspiration and can reduce the need the demand for air conditioning in nearby buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Heat island effect takes place when built up or densely developed areas experience an increase in temperature due to large areas of dark surfaces (i.e., pavement, roofs, etc.) that absorb heat from the sun. Rising temperatures result in increased energy demands, which can lead to higher air conditioning costs, increased greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, and increased risk of heat-related illnesses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> If planting trees is not feasible, owners can still incorporate planted areas, install canopies or umbrellas and provide seating to accommodate outdoor activities. Consider multipurpose components such as photovoltaic panels or vegetated roofs on structural canopies. High reflectance or “cool” paving stays cooler in the sun than darker paving. Consider using light-colored and reflective-colored pavers an alternative to asphalt and other dark materials for outdoor spaces.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Water features can also help cool the microclimate of an outdoor space.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>To help signal to tenants the appropriate times for outdoor seating or recreation, as well as opportunities to exchange air in the apartment via window opening, property owners can implement a visual outdoor air quality monitoring and warning system. The US EPA has an ‘Air Now’ online tool (www.airnow.gov) that lists air quality conditions by zip codes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> A highly visible flag system that correlates to a scale of air quality on site can help provide information about current air quality.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-8.png\" alt=\"Fig 8 – Air Quality Index (Source: US EPA).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-8\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 8 – Air Quality Index (Source: US EPA).</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3>Vegetated Roofs</h3>\n<p>A vegetated roof, or green roof, is a system of lightweight growing media and plants that can be installed on most new or existing roofs with the input of a structural engineer. Vegetated roofs can improve air quality, reduce the urban heat island effect, manage stormwater and reduce the need for heating and cooling within the building. Accessible green roofs can also provide opportunities for producing food as well as providing additional outdoor space and wildlife habitat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p>For example, vegetated roofs serve as a carbon sink, helping to offset carbon emissions. Vegetation traps dust and particulate matter as well as other contaminants such as nitrogen oxides.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The multiple layers of a vegetated roof provide insulation. By increasing a building’s thermal mass, vegetated roofs can help keep temperatures cool in hot weather and warmer during the heating season translating into less energy spent on climate control for the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> In the event of a power outage, common during heatwaves, vegetated roofs can help keep temperatures cool in the hot weather.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 9 – The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation headquarters green roof in Morristown, NJ (Source: Wild New Jersey).\" title_text=\"NC-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-2-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 9 – The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation headquarters green roof in Morristown, NJ (Source: Wild New Jersey).</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3>Cool Roofs</h3>\n<p>Cool roofs, typically white, light-colored or reflective-colored roofs, reflect and radiate heat away from the building and are “cooler,” or have higher levels of reflectance and emissivity, than dark roofs. Many building codes and green building programs have a cool roof and urban heat island mitigation requirements that refer to <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products/cool_roofs_emissivity\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/\">Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC)</a> voluntary labeling programs. Cool roofs and proper insulation levels can reduce heating and cooling loads, reducing stress on the grid, and help to regulate thermal comfort during a power outage. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Cool-Roof-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 10 – Reflectance and Emittance of Roofs (Source: Cool Roof Rating Council)\" title_text=\"NC-Cool-Roof-Fig-1-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 10 – Reflectance and Emittance of Roofs (Source: Cool Roof Rating Council)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3><strong>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</strong></h3>\n<p>The careful selection and placement of trees, shrubs and other vegetation can help reduce a building’s cooling needs. For example, planting trees on the southside of the building can minimize summer solar heat gain. During a heat-wave, shade-providing trees help mitigate the urban heat island effect, reduce indoor cooling loads, and reduce stress on the power grid.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Smart Metering</strong></h3>\n<p>Smart meters or advanced meters, a component of the broader smart grid, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> use digital meters to record and transmit energy consumption and generation data, namely electricity, but also natural gas or water usage in intervals of an hour or less through secure wireless network back to the utility and consumer at least daily. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> As opposed to traditional analog or automated meter readers, smart meter technology includes remote reading, two-way communication, support for dynamic pricing,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> and remote disablement and enablement of supply.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> Smart meters provide documentation for participation in utility-sponsored demand response programs, which incentivize property owners and managers to interrupt or adjust energy use by reducing or shifting loads or storing energy during peak demand and periods of higher energy costs or enable utilities to remotely switch electricity services on or off based on the cost or availability of energy.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> For example, consumption data from smart meters can signal a utility or consumer to remotely turn off air-conditioning units to avoid peak load issues or to run appliances during lower demand, lower-cost times of the day. Smart metered buildings with on-site renewable energy generation (e.g., photovoltaic systems) and energy storage (e.g., thermal storage, battery storage, fuel cells) can signal consumers to use renewable electricity when available, store excess when not needed or sell excess electricity to the grid. Smart metering and participating in demand response programs can help reduce water and energy costs and prevent peak demand-related grid-outages.</p>\n<p>Smart meters increase heatwave resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging. During heatwaves or power outages, smart meters help accelerate service restoration by identifying problem areas and efficiently sending work crews, thereby reducing repair costs and total outage times and limiting business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a></p>\n<h3>Heatwave Prevention and Preparation: Energy Storage and Back-up Power</h3>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, heatwaves, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlights the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy (e.g., batteries, thermal storage) for later use when it is needed, such as during a heatwave and power outage, or storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand, such as increased air conditioning usage during a heatwave, when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a></p>\n<p>Backup power refers to supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage), power from on-site power generation with islanding capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 11 – Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" title_text=\"NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 11 – Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-32622f511a680df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Property owners and managers may consider supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators with the following technologies to provide backup power in the event of a power outage or heatwave:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage.</li>\n<li>Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems with or without energy storage.</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage.</li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support heatwave prevention and preparation in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><em>This project was funded in part through National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant AGS-1645786. Materials for this case study are drawn from Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference, Rutgers Environmental Planning Studio. Final Report. Spring 2017. Don’t Sweat It: Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality in Elizabeth, NJ, and NJ Green Building Manual Strategies.</em></p>\n<pre><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference, Rutgers Environmental Planning Studio. Final Report. Spring 2017. Don’t Sweat It: Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality in Elizabeth, NJ, and NJ Green Building Manual Strategies.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Klepes, Neil, et al. 2001. <a href=\"https://indoor.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbnl-47713.pdf\">The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A Resource for Assessing Exposure to Environmental Pollutants</a>. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (accessed March 15, 2019).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Heisler, Gordon M. and David J. Novak. <a href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2010/nrs_2010_nowak_002.pdf\">National Recreation and Park Association</a>. 2010. (accessed December 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Solecki, William D. et al.,<em> <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/research/urbanheat.pdf\">Urban Heat Island and Climate Change: An Assessment of Interacting and Possible Adaptations in the Camden, New Jersey Region</a>,</em> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research, and Technology (2004).  (accessed March 16, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. High Reflectance Hardscape Materials.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> De Joanna, Paola. International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Sustainable Development. <a href=\"http://iicbe.org/upload/9452DIR1216417.pdf\">The Water for Climate Comfort in Architecture</a>. 2016. (accessed December 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. <a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov\">AirNow</a>. (accessed December 12, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. Vegetated Roofs.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Oberndorfer, Erica et. al. 2007. <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/57/10/823/232363\">Green Roofs as Urban Ecosystems: Ecological Structures, Functions, and Services</a>. <em>Biosciencemag.org </em>57, no. 10. (accessed March 25, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> James Hoff. “<a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Peak-Demand-Hoff-11.11.14.pdf\">Reducing Peak Energy Demand: A Hidden Benefit of Cool Roofs</a>.” TEGNOS Research.  (accessed March 25, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Rutgers Center for Green building. NJ Green Building Manual. Cool Roofs.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. Energy-efficient Landscaping.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> Smart grids are electricity supply networks that use digital communications technology to detect and react to changes in energy supply and demand and manage the transport of electricity from generation sources to end users.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. <a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=108&amp;t=1\">Frequently Asked Questions: Smart Meters</a>. Updated December 7, 2017. (accessed Sept 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Dynamic pricing includes time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, variable peak pricing, critical peak pricing, and critical or peak time rebates.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> DOE. “<a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses</a>.” (accessed May 1, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, <a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change</a>.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey</a>. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (accessed Oct 3, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</pre>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-cool-roofs/\">Cool Roofs</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-reflectance-hardscape-materials/\">High-Reflectance Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Mass</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Heatwave Resilience Case Study','','inherit','closed','closed','','958-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 15:34:36','2022-03-14 15:34:36','',958,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=961',0,'revision','',0),(962,2,'2022-03-14 15:34:36','2022-03-14 15:34:36','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Heatwave Resilience Case Study\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" subhead=\"Housing Authority of the City of Elizabeth\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>This case study draws upon National Science Foundation funded research at the Rutgers Center for Green Building, which assessed heat wave impacts on air quality and how public housing residents cope with heatwaves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Three HACE sites in Elizabeth, NJ served as study sites: Mravlag Manor (Site M), Ford Leonard Towers (Site F), and 205 First Street (Site L).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-1-1-e1553020265316.png\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-1-1-e1553020265316\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" alt=\"Fig 1 – Map of Elizabeth, NJ.\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 1 – Map of Elizabeth, NJ.</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Health and comfort challenges presented by poor air quality are exacerbated by heatwaves, which are increasing in severity and duration.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> While it is difficult to take local actions that substantively impact outdoor air quality, property managers and tenants can take actions that improve indoor air quality. This is important because the average person spends more than 90% of his/her time indoors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Additionally, property managers can pursue strategies to improve outdoor environmental quality in the immediate vicinity of the property (e.g., provision of shade) and encourage tenant use of outdoor amenities. Depending on location, and time of day, outdoor air quality is better than indoor air quality.</p>\n<h2><strong>For whom is this useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>The original research focused on vulnerable urban seniors living in public housing, although its findings are broadly useful, especially for vulnerable populations. Developers, property owners, design professionals, public agencies and communities all stand to benefit their constituencies by adopting strategies for increasing heatwave resilience.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of location: Elizabeth, NJ</strong></h2>\n<p>The City of Elizabeth is the fourth largest city in New Jersey and the largest city in Union County. It covers a total of 13.5 square miles and contains one of the largest and busiest ports in the world. Within Elizabeth, HACE manages 1,322 public housing units.</p>\n<p>The City of Elizabeth is home to significant sources of pollution such as the Bayway Refinery, part of the Chemical Coast (a stretch of municipalities that produce most of the region’s oil products), the I-95 corridor, Port Elizabeth Marine Terminal, one of the largest ports in the country, and shares the Newark Liberty International Airport with the City of Newark. Based on an analysis by the National Toxics Assessment, air quality in Elizabeth was given a score of 25 out of 100.</p>\n<h2><strong>Physical Characteristics of the Study Sites</strong></h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-2.png\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" alt=\"Fig 2 – Study Site M and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017)\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 2 – Study Site M and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017)</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>421 Units in 15 three-story walk-ups</li>\n<li>New roofs, fire escapes, heaters + bathrooms</li>\n<li>On-site community room and event space</li>\n<li>Social + financial support services</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Fig 3 – Study Site F and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 3 – Study Site F and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>121 Units</li>\n<li>11-stories (1 building)</li>\n<li>Extensive upgrades</li>\n<li>Community Space</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-4.png\" alt=\"Fig 4 – Study Site L and its Surroundings (NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-4\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 4 – Study Site L and its Surroundings (NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>30 Senior-only units</li>\n<li>Newest HACE property</li>\n<li>LEED Gold</li>\n<li>All units have access to central air</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Study Design</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>24 households in 3 Housing Authority of the City of Elizabeth (HACE) sites</li>\n<li>Baseline interviews on social economic status, health, coping strategies, etc.</li>\n<li>Follow-up interviews; especially during heatwaves</li>\n<li>Continuous outdoor measurements using sensors</li>\n<li>Continuous indoor measurements (24 apts.) using sensors</li>\n<li>Empty apartment: continuous measurements using sensors</li>\n<li>Study timeframe: July 1 – September 30</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Findings</strong></h2>\n<p>The study investigated the architecture and technology of the buildings, the outdoor environment, and building occupant (tenant) behavior, with a strong focus on primary-source data including a system of indoor and outdoor sensors as well as structured interviews with building occupants.</p>\n<h3><strong>Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality</strong></h3>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Fig 5 – Average Hourly Ozone Levels in Newark and Bayonne\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-5\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 5 – Average Hourly Ozone Levels in Newark and Bayonne</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ground-level ozone levels vary significantly throughout the day</li>\n<li>High temperature associated with higher levels of ozone</li>\n<li>Ozone, PM2.5, PM10, CO2 + high temperature have negative effects on health.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Adaptive Actions by Study Site</strong></h3>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-6.png\" alt=\"Fig 6 – Baseline Interviews vs. Actual Heat Waves Summer 2017 *Not necessarily in search for a cooler place (only 5% left in search of a cooler place)\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-6\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 6 – Baseline Interviews vs. Actual Heat Waves Summer 2017<br />*Not necessarily in search for a cooler place (only 5% left in search of a cooler place)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-7.png\" alt=\"Fig 7- Study Hypothesis and Findings\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-7\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 7- Study Hypothesis and Findings</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Green Building Strategies to Mitigate Heatwave Impact</strong></h2>\n<h3><strong>Outdoor Shade Spaces</strong></h3>\n<p>Aging adults and people with chronic illness are at particular risk of heat stroke, dehydration and dangerous fainting spells. This is exacerbated by the fact that some people living in public housing do not have access to central air conditioning (AC) or cannot afford to run window AC units. Property owners can encourage these populations to walk the outdoor premises by providing amenities that accommodate such activity.</p>\n<p>While the grounds of apartment complexes often include outdoor common spaces, they do not always have shaded areas and aging adults, who are susceptible to heatstroke, may not be able to take advantage of unshaded outdoor spaces. Owners may consider planting trees on property grounds as the presence of trees will contribute to improved air quality. Trees absorb pollutants and also help reduce the urban heat island effect by cooling the immediate environment through evapotranspiration and can reduce the need the demand for air conditioning in nearby buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Heat island effect takes place when built up or densely developed areas experience an increase in temperature due to large areas of dark surfaces (i.e., pavement, roofs, etc.) that absorb heat from the sun. Rising temperatures result in increased energy demands, which can lead to higher air conditioning costs, increased greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, and increased risk of heat-related illnesses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> If planting trees is not feasible, owners can still incorporate planted areas, install canopies or umbrellas and provide seating to accommodate outdoor activities. Consider multipurpose components such as photovoltaic panels or vegetated roofs on structural canopies. High reflectance or “cool” paving stays cooler in the sun than darker paving. Consider using light-colored and reflective-colored pavers an alternative to asphalt and other dark materials for outdoor spaces.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Water features can also help cool the microclimate of an outdoor space.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>To help signal to tenants the appropriate times for outdoor seating or recreation, as well as opportunities to exchange air in the apartment via window opening, property owners can implement a visual outdoor air quality monitoring and warning system. The US EPA has an ‘Air Now’ online tool (www.airnow.gov) that lists air quality conditions by zip codes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> A highly visible flag system that correlates to a scale of air quality on site can help provide information about current air quality.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-8.png\" alt=\"Fig 8 – Air Quality Index (Source: US EPA).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-8\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 8 – Air Quality Index (Source: US EPA).</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3>Vegetated Roofs</h3>\n<p>A vegetated roof, or green roof, is a system of lightweight growing media and plants that can be installed on most new or existing roofs with the input of a structural engineer. Vegetated roofs can improve air quality, reduce the urban heat island effect, manage stormwater and reduce the need for heating and cooling within the building. Accessible green roofs can also provide opportunities for producing food as well as providing additional outdoor space and wildlife habitat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p>For example, vegetated roofs serve as a carbon sink, helping to offset carbon emissions. Vegetation traps dust and particulate matter as well as other contaminants such as nitrogen oxides.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The multiple layers of a vegetated roof provide insulation. By increasing a building’s thermal mass, vegetated roofs can help keep temperatures cool in hot weather and warmer during the heating season translating into less energy spent on climate control for the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> In the event of a power outage, common during heatwaves, vegetated roofs can help keep temperatures cool in the hot weather.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 9 – The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation headquarters green roof in Morristown, NJ (Source: Wild New Jersey).\" title_text=\"NC-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-2-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 9 – The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation headquarters green roof in Morristown, NJ (Source: Wild New Jersey).</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3>Cool Roofs</h3>\n<p>Cool roofs, typically white, light-colored or reflective-colored roofs, reflect and radiate heat away from the building and are “cooler,” or have higher levels of reflectance and emissivity, than dark roofs. Many building codes and green building programs have a cool roof and urban heat island mitigation requirements that refer to <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products/cool_roofs_emissivity\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/\">Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC)</a> voluntary labeling programs. Cool roofs and proper insulation levels can reduce heating and cooling loads, reducing stress on the grid, and help to regulate thermal comfort during a power outage. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Cool-Roof-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 10 – Reflectance and Emittance of Roofs (Source: Cool Roof Rating Council)\" title_text=\"NC-Cool-Roof-Fig-1-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 10 – Reflectance and Emittance of Roofs (Source: Cool Roof Rating Council)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3><strong>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</strong></h3>\n<p>The careful selection and placement of trees, shrubs and other vegetation can help reduce a building’s cooling needs. For example, planting trees on the southside of the building can minimize summer solar heat gain. During a heat-wave, shade-providing trees help mitigate the urban heat island effect, reduce indoor cooling loads, and reduce stress on the power grid.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Smart Metering</strong></h3>\n<p>Smart meters or advanced meters, a component of the broader smart grid, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> use digital meters to record and transmit energy consumption and generation data, namely electricity, but also natural gas or water usage in intervals of an hour or less through secure wireless network back to the utility and consumer at least daily. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> As opposed to traditional analog or automated meter readers, smart meter technology includes remote reading, two-way communication, support for dynamic pricing,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> and remote disablement and enablement of supply.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> Smart meters provide documentation for participation in utility-sponsored demand response programs, which incentivize property owners and managers to interrupt or adjust energy use by reducing or shifting loads or storing energy during peak demand and periods of higher energy costs or enable utilities to remotely switch electricity services on or off based on the cost or availability of energy.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> For example, consumption data from smart meters can signal a utility or consumer to remotely turn off air-conditioning units to avoid peak load issues or to run appliances during lower demand, lower-cost times of the day. Smart metered buildings with on-site renewable energy generation (e.g., photovoltaic systems) and energy storage (e.g., thermal storage, battery storage, fuel cells) can signal consumers to use renewable electricity when available, store excess when not needed or sell excess electricity to the grid. Smart metering and participating in demand response programs can help reduce water and energy costs and prevent peak demand-related grid-outages.</p>\n<p>Smart meters increase heatwave resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging. During heatwaves or power outages, smart meters help accelerate service restoration by identifying problem areas and efficiently sending work crews, thereby reducing repair costs and total outage times and limiting business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a></p>\n<h3>Heatwave Prevention and Preparation: Energy Storage and Back-up Power</h3>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, heatwaves, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlights the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy (e.g., batteries, thermal storage) for later use when it is needed, such as during a heatwave and power outage, or storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand, such as increased air conditioning usage during a heatwave, when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a></p>\n<p>Backup power refers to supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage), power from on-site power generation with islanding capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 11 – Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" title_text=\"NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 11 – Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-32622f511a680df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Property owners and managers may consider supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators with the following technologies to provide backup power in the event of a power outage or heatwave:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage.</li>\n<li>Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems with or without energy storage.</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage.</li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support heatwave prevention and preparation in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><em>This project was funded in part through National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant AGS-1645786. Materials for this case study are drawn from Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference, Rutgers Environmental Planning Studio. Final Report. Spring 2017. Don’t Sweat It: Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality in Elizabeth, NJ, and NJ Green Building Manual Strategies.</em></p>\n<pre><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference, Rutgers Environmental Planning Studio. Final Report. Spring 2017. Don’t Sweat It: Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality in Elizabeth, NJ, and NJ Green Building Manual Strategies.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Klepes, Neil, et al. 2001. <a href=\"https://indoor.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbnl-47713.pdf\">The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A Resource for Assessing Exposure to Environmental Pollutants</a>. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (accessed March 15, 2019).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Heisler, Gordon M. and David J. Novak. <a href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2010/nrs_2010_nowak_002.pdf\">National Recreation and Park Association</a>. 2010. (accessed December 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Solecki, William D. et al.,<em> <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/research/urbanheat.pdf\">Urban Heat Island and Climate Change: An Assessment of Interacting and Possible Adaptations in the Camden, New Jersey Region</a>,</em> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research, and Technology (2004).  (accessed March 16, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. High Reflectance Hardscape Materials.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> De Joanna, Paola. International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Sustainable Development. <a href=\"http://iicbe.org/upload/9452DIR1216417.pdf\">The Water for Climate Comfort in Architecture</a>. 2016. (accessed December 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. <a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov\">AirNow</a>. (accessed December 12, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. Vegetated Roofs.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Oberndorfer, Erica et. al. 2007. <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/57/10/823/232363\">Green Roofs as Urban Ecosystems: Ecological Structures, Functions, and Services</a>. <em>Biosciencemag.org </em>57, no. 10. (accessed March 25, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> James Hoff. “<a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Peak-Demand-Hoff-11.11.14.pdf\">Reducing Peak Energy Demand: A Hidden Benefit of Cool Roofs</a>.” TEGNOS Research.  (accessed March 25, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Rutgers Center for Green building. NJ Green Building Manual. Cool Roofs.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. Energy-efficient Landscaping.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> Smart grids are electricity supply networks that use digital communications technology to detect and react to changes in energy supply and demand and manage the transport of electricity from generation sources to end users.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. <a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=108&amp;t=1\">Frequently Asked Questions: Smart Meters</a>. Updated December 7, 2017. (accessed Sept 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Dynamic pricing includes time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, variable peak pricing, critical peak pricing, and critical or peak time rebates.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> DOE. “<a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses</a>.” (accessed May 1, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, <a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change</a>.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey</a>. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (accessed Oct 3, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</pre>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-cool-roofs/\">Cool Roofs</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-reflectance-hardscape-materials/\">High-Reflectance Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Mass</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','958-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 15:34:36','2022-03-14 15:34:36','',958,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=962',0,'revision','',0),(963,2,'2022-03-14 15:34:39','2022-03-14 15:34:39','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Heatwave Resilience Case Study\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" subhead=\"Housing Authority of the City of Elizabeth\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>This case study draws upon National Science Foundation funded research at the Rutgers Center for Green Building, which assessed heat wave impacts on air quality and how public housing residents cope with heatwaves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Three HACE sites in Elizabeth, NJ served as study sites: Mravlag Manor (Site M), Ford Leonard Towers (Site F), and 205 First Street (Site L).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-1-1-e1553020265316.png\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-1-1-e1553020265316\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" alt=\"Fig 1 – Map of Elizabeth, NJ.\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 1 – Map of Elizabeth, NJ.</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Health and comfort challenges presented by poor air quality are exacerbated by heatwaves, which are increasing in severity and duration.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> While it is difficult to take local actions that substantively impact outdoor air quality, property managers and tenants can take actions that improve indoor air quality. This is important because the average person spends more than 90% of his/her time indoors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Additionally, property managers can pursue strategies to improve outdoor environmental quality in the immediate vicinity of the property (e.g., provision of shade) and encourage tenant use of outdoor amenities. Depending on location, and time of day, outdoor air quality is better than indoor air quality.</p>\n<h2><strong>For whom is this useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>The original research focused on vulnerable urban seniors living in public housing, although its findings are broadly useful, especially for vulnerable populations. Developers, property owners, design professionals, public agencies and communities all stand to benefit their constituencies by adopting strategies for increasing heatwave resilience.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of location: Elizabeth, NJ</strong></h2>\n<p>The City of Elizabeth is the fourth largest city in New Jersey and the largest city in Union County. It covers a total of 13.5 square miles and contains one of the largest and busiest ports in the world. Within Elizabeth, HACE manages 1,322 public housing units.</p>\n<p>The City of Elizabeth is home to significant sources of pollution such as the Bayway Refinery, part of the Chemical Coast (a stretch of municipalities that produce most of the region’s oil products), the I-95 corridor, Port Elizabeth Marine Terminal, one of the largest ports in the country, and shares the Newark Liberty International Airport with the City of Newark. Based on an analysis by the National Toxics Assessment, air quality in Elizabeth was given a score of 25 out of 100.</p>\n<h2><strong>Physical Characteristics of the Study Sites</strong></h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-2.png\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" alt=\"Fig 2 – Study Site M and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017)\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 2 – Study Site M and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017)</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>421 Units in 15 three-story walk-ups</li>\n<li>New roofs, fire escapes, heaters + bathrooms</li>\n<li>On-site community room and event space</li>\n<li>Social + financial support services</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Fig 3 – Study Site F and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 3 – Study Site F and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>121 Units</li>\n<li>11-stories (1 building)</li>\n<li>Extensive upgrades</li>\n<li>Community Space</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-4.png\" alt=\"Fig 4 – Study Site L and its Surroundings (NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-4\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 4 – Study Site L and its Surroundings (NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>30 Senior-only units</li>\n<li>Newest HACE property</li>\n<li>LEED Gold</li>\n<li>All units have access to central air</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Study Design</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>24 households in 3 Housing Authority of the City of Elizabeth (HACE) sites</li>\n<li>Baseline interviews on social economic status, health, coping strategies, etc.</li>\n<li>Follow-up interviews; especially during heatwaves</li>\n<li>Continuous outdoor measurements using sensors</li>\n<li>Continuous indoor measurements (24 apts.) using sensors</li>\n<li>Empty apartment: continuous measurements using sensors</li>\n<li>Study timeframe: July 1 – September 30</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Findings</strong></h2>\n<p>The study investigated the architecture and technology of the buildings, the outdoor environment, and building occupant (tenant) behavior, with a strong focus on primary-source data including a system of indoor and outdoor sensors as well as structured interviews with building occupants.</p>\n<h3><strong>Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality</strong></h3>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Fig 5 – Average Hourly Ozone Levels in Newark and Bayonne\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-5\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 5 – Average Hourly Ozone Levels in Newark and Bayonne</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ground-level ozone levels vary significantly throughout the day</li>\n<li>High temperature associated with higher levels of ozone</li>\n<li>Ozone, PM2.5, PM10, CO2 + high temperature have negative effects on health.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Adaptive Actions by Study Site</strong></h3>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-6.png\" alt=\"Fig 6 – Baseline Interviews vs. Actual Heat Waves Summer 2017 *Not necessarily in search for a cooler place (only 5% left in search of a cooler place)\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-6\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 6 – Baseline Interviews vs. Actual Heat Waves Summer 2017<br />*Not necessarily in search for a cooler place (only 5% left in search of a cooler place)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-7.png\" alt=\"Fig 7- Study Hypothesis and Findings\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-7\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 7- Study Hypothesis and Findings</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Green Building Strategies to Mitigate Heatwave Impact</strong></h2>\n<h3><strong>Outdoor Shade Spaces</strong></h3>\n<p>Aging adults and people with chronic illness are at particular risk of heat stroke, dehydration and dangerous fainting spells. This is exacerbated by the fact that some people living in public housing do not have access to central air conditioning (AC) or cannot afford to run window AC units. Property owners can encourage these populations to walk the outdoor premises by providing amenities that accommodate such activity.</p>\n<p>While the grounds of apartment complexes often include outdoor common spaces, they do not always have shaded areas and aging adults, who are susceptible to heatstroke, may not be able to take advantage of unshaded outdoor spaces. Owners may consider planting trees on property grounds as the presence of trees will contribute to improved air quality. Trees absorb pollutants and also help reduce the urban heat island effect by cooling the immediate environment through evapotranspiration and can reduce the need the demand for air conditioning in nearby buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Heat island effect takes place when built up or densely developed areas experience an increase in temperature due to large areas of dark surfaces (i.e., pavement, roofs, etc.) that absorb heat from the sun. Rising temperatures result in increased energy demands, which can lead to higher air conditioning costs, increased greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, and increased risk of heat-related illnesses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> If planting trees is not feasible, owners can still incorporate planted areas, install canopies or umbrellas and provide seating to accommodate outdoor activities. Consider multipurpose components such as photovoltaic panels or vegetated roofs on structural canopies. High reflectance or “cool” paving stays cooler in the sun than darker paving. Consider using light-colored and reflective-colored pavers an alternative to asphalt and other dark materials for outdoor spaces.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Water features can also help cool the microclimate of an outdoor space.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>To help signal to tenants the appropriate times for outdoor seating or recreation, as well as opportunities to exchange air in the apartment via window opening, property owners can implement a visual outdoor air quality monitoring and warning system. The US EPA has an ‘Air Now’ online tool (www.airnow.gov) that lists air quality conditions by zip codes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> A highly visible flag system that correlates to a scale of air quality on site can help provide information about current air quality.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-8.png\" alt=\"Fig 8 – Air Quality Index (Source: US EPA).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-8\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 8 – Air Quality Index (Source: US EPA).</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3>Vegetated Roofs</h3>\n<p>A vegetated roof, or green roof, is a system of lightweight growing media and plants that can be installed on most new or existing roofs with the input of a structural engineer. Vegetated roofs can improve air quality, reduce the urban heat island effect, manage stormwater and reduce the need for heating and cooling within the building. Accessible green roofs can also provide opportunities for producing food as well as providing additional outdoor space and wildlife habitat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p>For example, vegetated roofs serve as a carbon sink, helping to offset carbon emissions. Vegetation traps dust and particulate matter as well as other contaminants such as nitrogen oxides.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The multiple layers of a vegetated roof provide insulation. By increasing a building’s thermal mass, vegetated roofs can help keep temperatures cool in hot weather and warmer during the heating season translating into less energy spent on climate control for the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> In the event of a power outage, common during heatwaves, vegetated roofs can help keep temperatures cool in the hot weather.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 9 – The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation headquarters green roof in Morristown, NJ (Source: Wild New Jersey).\" title_text=\"NC-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-2-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 9 – The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation headquarters green roof in Morristown, NJ (Source: Wild New Jersey).</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3>Cool Roofs</h3>\n<p>Cool roofs, typically white, light-colored or reflective-colored roofs, reflect and radiate heat away from the building and are “cooler,” or have higher levels of reflectance and emissivity, than dark roofs. Many building codes and green building programs have a cool roof and urban heat island mitigation requirements that refer to <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products/cool_roofs_emissivity\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/\">Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC)</a> voluntary labeling programs. Cool roofs and proper insulation levels can reduce heating and cooling loads, reducing stress on the grid, and help to regulate thermal comfort during a power outage. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Cool-Roof-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 10 – Reflectance and Emittance of Roofs (Source: Cool Roof Rating Council)\" title_text=\"NC-Cool-Roof-Fig-1-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 10 – Reflectance and Emittance of Roofs (Source: Cool Roof Rating Council)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3><strong>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</strong></h3>\n<p>The careful selection and placement of trees, shrubs and other vegetation can help reduce a building’s cooling needs. For example, planting trees on the southside of the building can minimize summer solar heat gain. During a heat-wave, shade-providing trees help mitigate the urban heat island effect, reduce indoor cooling loads, and reduce stress on the power grid.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Smart Metering</strong></h3>\n<p>Smart meters or advanced meters, a component of the broader smart grid, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> use digital meters to record and transmit energy consumption and generation data, namely electricity, but also natural gas or water usage in intervals of an hour or less through secure wireless network back to the utility and consumer at least daily. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> As opposed to traditional analog or automated meter readers, smart meter technology includes remote reading, two-way communication, support for dynamic pricing,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> and remote disablement and enablement of supply.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> Smart meters provide documentation for participation in utility-sponsored demand response programs, which incentivize property owners and managers to interrupt or adjust energy use by reducing or shifting loads or storing energy during peak demand and periods of higher energy costs or enable utilities to remotely switch electricity services on or off based on the cost or availability of energy.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> For example, consumption data from smart meters can signal a utility or consumer to remotely turn off air-conditioning units to avoid peak load issues or to run appliances during lower demand, lower-cost times of the day. Smart metered buildings with on-site renewable energy generation (e.g., photovoltaic systems) and energy storage (e.g., thermal storage, battery storage, fuel cells) can signal consumers to use renewable electricity when available, store excess when not needed or sell excess electricity to the grid. Smart metering and participating in demand response programs can help reduce water and energy costs and prevent peak demand-related grid-outages.</p>\n<p>Smart meters increase heatwave resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging. During heatwaves or power outages, smart meters help accelerate service restoration by identifying problem areas and efficiently sending work crews, thereby reducing repair costs and total outage times and limiting business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a></p>\n<h3>Heatwave Prevention and Preparation: Energy Storage and Back-up Power</h3>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, heatwaves, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlights the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy (e.g., batteries, thermal storage) for later use when it is needed, such as during a heatwave and power outage, or storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand, such as increased air conditioning usage during a heatwave, when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a></p>\n<p>Backup power refers to supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage), power from on-site power generation with islanding capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 11 – Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" title_text=\"NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Fig 11 – Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-32622f511a680df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Property owners and managers may consider supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators with the following technologies to provide backup power in the event of a power outage or heatwave:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage.</li>\n<li>Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems with or without energy storage.</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage.</li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support heatwave prevention and preparation in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><em>This project was funded in part through National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant AGS-1645786. Materials for this case study are drawn from Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference, Rutgers Environmental Planning Studio. Final Report. Spring 2017. Don’t Sweat It: Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality in Elizabeth, NJ, and NJ Green Building Manual Strategies.</em></p>\n<pre><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference, Rutgers Environmental Planning Studio. Final Report. Spring 2017. Don’t Sweat It: Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality in Elizabeth, NJ, and NJ Green Building Manual Strategies.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Klepes, Neil, et al. 2001. <a href=\"https://indoor.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbnl-47713.pdf\">The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A Resource for Assessing Exposure to Environmental Pollutants</a>. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (accessed March 15, 2019).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Heisler, Gordon M. and David J. Novak. <a href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2010/nrs_2010_nowak_002.pdf\">National Recreation and Park Association</a>. 2010. (accessed December 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Solecki, William D. et al.,<em> <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/research/urbanheat.pdf\">Urban Heat Island and Climate Change: An Assessment of Interacting and Possible Adaptations in the Camden, New Jersey Region</a>,</em> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research, and Technology (2004).  (accessed March 16, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. High Reflectance Hardscape Materials.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> De Joanna, Paola. International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Sustainable Development. <a href=\"http://iicbe.org/upload/9452DIR1216417.pdf\">The Water for Climate Comfort in Architecture</a>. 2016. (accessed December 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. <a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov\">AirNow</a>. (accessed December 12, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. Vegetated Roofs.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Oberndorfer, Erica et. al. 2007. <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/57/10/823/232363\">Green Roofs as Urban Ecosystems: Ecological Structures, Functions, and Services</a>. <em>Biosciencemag.org </em>57, no. 10. (accessed March 25, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> James Hoff. “<a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Peak-Demand-Hoff-11.11.14.pdf\">Reducing Peak Energy Demand: A Hidden Benefit of Cool Roofs</a>.” TEGNOS Research.  (accessed March 25, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Rutgers Center for Green building. NJ Green Building Manual. Cool Roofs.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. Energy-efficient Landscaping.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> Smart grids are electricity supply networks that use digital communications technology to detect and react to changes in energy supply and demand and manage the transport of electricity from generation sources to end users.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. <a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=108&amp;t=1\">Frequently Asked Questions: Smart Meters</a>. Updated December 7, 2017. (accessed Sept 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Dynamic pricing includes time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, variable peak pricing, critical peak pricing, and critical or peak time rebates.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> DOE. “<a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses</a>.” (accessed May 1, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, <a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change</a>.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey</a>. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (accessed Oct 3, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</pre>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-cool-roofs/\">Cool Roofs</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-reflectance-hardscape-materials/\">High-Reflectance Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Mass</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Heatwave Resilience Case Study','','inherit','closed','closed','','958-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 15:34:39','2022-03-14 15:34:39','',958,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=963',0,'revision','',0),(964,2,'2022-03-14 17:08:17','2022-03-14 17:08:17','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Outdoor Living and Landscaping\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Outdoor-living.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Outdoor-living\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_OLL.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Transforming the conventional lawn into green outdoor living space complements the home and connects it with nature. New Jersey, with long summer days and cool autumn evenings, provides a perfect environment for outdoor living. As the primary connection to our natural surroundings, yards function as a beautiful, livable extension of the home. Whether planning your own outdoor project or hiring a professional, there are dozens of ways to implement renewable products, conserve resources, promote biodiversity and wildlife habitat, and reduce home heating, cooling, and water usage.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_OLL.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Outdoor Living and Landscaping','','publish','open','closed','','outdoor-living-and-landscaping','','','2022-03-14 17:11:13','2022-03-14 17:11:13','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?post_type=project&#038;p=964',0,'project','',0),(965,2,'2022-03-14 16:46:06','2022-03-14 16:46:06','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','964-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 16:46:06','2022-03-14 16:46:06','',964,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=965',0,'revision','',0),(967,2,'2022-03-14 17:08:17','2022-03-14 17:08:17','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Outdoor Living and Landscaping\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Outdoor-living.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Outdoor-living\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_OLL.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Transforming the conventional lawn into green outdoor living space complements the home and connects it with nature. New Jersey, with long summer days and cool autumn evenings, provides a perfect environment for outdoor living. As the primary connection to our natural surroundings, yards function as a beautiful, livable extension of the home. Whether planning your own outdoor project or hiring a professional, there are dozens of ways to implement renewable products, conserve resources, promote biodiversity and wildlife habitat, and reduce home heating, cooling, and water usage.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_OLL.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Outdoor Living and Landscaping','','inherit','closed','closed','','964-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:08:17','2022-03-14 17:08:17','',964,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=967',0,'revision','',0),(968,2,'2022-03-14 17:08:17','2022-03-14 17:08:17','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Outdoor Living and Landscaping\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Outdoor-living.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Outdoor-living\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_OLL.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Transforming the conventional lawn into green outdoor living space complements the home and connects it with nature. New Jersey, with long summer days and cool autumn evenings, provides a perfect environment for outdoor living. As the primary connection to our natural surroundings, yards function as a beautiful, livable extension of the home. Whether planning your own outdoor project or hiring a professional, there are dozens of ways to implement renewable products, conserve resources, promote biodiversity and wildlife habitat, and reduce home heating, cooling, and water usage.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_OLL.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','964-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:08:17','2022-03-14 17:08:17','',964,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=968',0,'revision','',0),(969,2,'2022-03-14 17:08:20','2022-03-14 17:08:20','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Outdoor Living and Landscaping\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Outdoor-living.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Outdoor-living\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_OLL.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Transforming the conventional lawn into green outdoor living space complements the home and connects it with nature. New Jersey, with long summer days and cool autumn evenings, provides a perfect environment for outdoor living. As the primary connection to our natural surroundings, yards function as a beautiful, livable extension of the home. Whether planning your own outdoor project or hiring a professional, there are dozens of ways to implement renewable products, conserve resources, promote biodiversity and wildlife habitat, and reduce home heating, cooling, and water usage.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_OLL.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Outdoor Living and Landscaping','','inherit','closed','closed','','964-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:08:20','2022-03-14 17:08:20','',964,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=969',0,'revision','',0),(970,2,'2022-03-14 17:11:10','2022-03-14 17:11:10','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Outdoor Living and Landscaping\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Outdoor-living.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Outdoor-living\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_OLL.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Transforming the conventional lawn into green outdoor living space complements the home and connects it with nature. New Jersey, with long summer days and cool autumn evenings, provides a perfect environment for outdoor living. As the primary connection to our natural surroundings, yards function as a beautiful, livable extension of the home. Whether planning your own outdoor project or hiring a professional, there are dozens of ways to implement renewable products, conserve resources, promote biodiversity and wildlife habitat, and reduce home heating, cooling, and water usage.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_OLL.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Outdoor Living and Landscaping','','inherit','closed','closed','','964-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:11:10','2022-03-14 17:11:10','',964,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=970',0,'revision','',0),(971,2,'2022-03-14 17:14:16','2022-03-14 17:14:16','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Finished Basement and Major Addition\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Basement-Additions.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Basement-Additions\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_FBMA.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Increasing the livable space in the home through finishing the basement or adding a new addition provides an excellent opportunity to incorporate green home remodeling. In basement remodeling and additions, ensuring indoor environmental quality through radon reduction and moisture control is paramount. Before embarking on a do-it-yourself remodel, consider consulting with a professional who can help ensure implementation of proper green design techniques. Selecting green options for basements and major additions requires a bit of research, but the overall benefits of better insulation, ventilation, and finishes cannot be understated.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_FBMA.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Finished Basement and Major Addition','','publish','open','closed','','finished-basement-and-major-addition','','','2022-03-14 17:14:19','2022-03-14 17:14:19','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?post_type=project&#038;p=971',0,'project','',0),(972,2,'2022-03-14 17:11:59','2022-03-14 17:11:59','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','971-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:11:59','2022-03-14 17:11:59','',971,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=972',0,'revision','',0),(974,2,'2022-03-14 17:14:16','2022-03-14 17:14:16','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Finished Basement and Major Addition\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Basement-Additions.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Basement-Additions\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_FBMA.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Increasing the livable space in the home through finishing the basement or adding a new addition provides an excellent opportunity to incorporate green home remodeling. In basement remodeling and additions, ensuring indoor environmental quality through radon reduction and moisture control is paramount. Before embarking on a do-it-yourself remodel, consider consulting with a professional who can help ensure implementation of proper green design techniques. Selecting green options for basements and major additions requires a bit of research, but the overall benefits of better insulation, ventilation, and finishes cannot be understated.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_FBMA.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Finished Basement and Major Addition','','inherit','closed','closed','','971-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:14:16','2022-03-14 17:14:16','',971,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=974',0,'revision','',0),(975,2,'2022-03-14 17:14:16','2022-03-14 17:14:16','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Finished Basement and Major Addition\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Basement-Additions.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Basement-Additions\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_FBMA.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Increasing the livable space in the home through finishing the basement or adding a new addition provides an excellent opportunity to incorporate green home remodeling. In basement remodeling and additions, ensuring indoor environmental quality through radon reduction and moisture control is paramount. Before embarking on a do-it-yourself remodel, consider consulting with a professional who can help ensure implementation of proper green design techniques. Selecting green options for basements and major additions requires a bit of research, but the overall benefits of better insulation, ventilation, and finishes cannot be understated.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_FBMA.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','971-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:14:16','2022-03-14 17:14:16','',971,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=975',0,'revision','',0),(977,2,'2022-03-14 17:14:19','2022-03-14 17:14:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Finished Basement and Major Addition\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Basement-Additions.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Basement-Additions\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_FBMA.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Increasing the livable space in the home through finishing the basement or adding a new addition provides an excellent opportunity to incorporate green home remodeling. In basement remodeling and additions, ensuring indoor environmental quality through radon reduction and moisture control is paramount. Before embarking on a do-it-yourself remodel, consider consulting with a professional who can help ensure implementation of proper green design techniques. Selecting green options for basements and major additions requires a bit of research, but the overall benefits of better insulation, ventilation, and finishes cannot be understated.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_FBMA.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Finished Basement and Major Addition','','inherit','closed','closed','','971-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:14:19','2022-03-14 17:14:19','',971,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=977',0,'revision','',0),(978,2,'2022-03-14 17:19:20','2022-03-14 17:19:20','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Kitchen, Bath, and Living Spaces\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Kitchen-Bath.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Kitchen-Bath\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_KBL.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The contemporary home serves many different functions for both living and working. Today, best practice for remodeling these areas includes options that not only meet functional needs but are also highly effective in mitigating environmental impact. Kitchens and bathrooms are active spaces and significant consumers of water and energy; choosing environmentally friendly appliances, fixtures, and finishes helps to reduce energy and water consumption and protect non-renewable resources. In kitchens and especially bathrooms, it is advised to invest in durable, high performance features. Whether it’s through an energy-saving dishwasher, living room flooring made from renewable materials, bed linens made from bamboo, or a high-efficiency exhaust system, greening living spaces is a fundamental part of the overall green home remodel.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_KBL.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Kitchen, Bath, and Living Spaces','','publish','open','closed','','kitchen-bath-and-living-spaces','','','2022-03-14 17:19:24','2022-03-14 17:19:24','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?post_type=project&#038;p=978',0,'project','',0),(979,2,'2022-03-14 17:16:17','2022-03-14 17:16:17','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','978-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:16:17','2022-03-14 17:16:17','',978,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=979',0,'revision','',0),(981,2,'2022-03-14 17:19:20','2022-03-14 17:19:20','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Kitchen, Bath, and Living Spaces\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Kitchen-Bath.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Kitchen-Bath\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_KBL.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The contemporary home serves many different functions for both living and working. Today, best practice for remodeling these areas includes options that not only meet functional needs but are also highly effective in mitigating environmental impact. Kitchens and bathrooms are active spaces and significant consumers of water and energy; choosing environmentally friendly appliances, fixtures, and finishes helps to reduce energy and water consumption and protect non-renewable resources. In kitchens and especially bathrooms, it is advised to invest in durable, high performance features. 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Whether it’s through an energy-saving dishwasher, living room flooring made from renewable materials, bed linens made from bamboo, or a high-efficiency exhaust system, greening living spaces is a fundamental part of the overall green home remodel.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_KBL.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','978-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:19:21','2022-03-14 17:19:21','',978,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=982',0,'revision','',0),(983,2,'2022-03-14 17:19:24','2022-03-14 17:19:24','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Kitchen, Bath, and Living Spaces\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Kitchen-Bath.jpg\" title_text=\"NR-Kitchen-Bath\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CaseStudies_KBL.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The contemporary home serves many different functions for both living and working. 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Surrounded by an organic beef farm and overlooking pastures and a pond, the homeowner wanted to respect the quiet and beautiful section of Stormville, in Dutchess County, NY where she lived and aimed to have a lesser impact on the environment throughout the construction process.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/monroeleedhome.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','984-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:22:28','2022-03-14 17:22:28','',984,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=987',0,'revision','',0),(988,2,'2022-03-14 17:22:31','2022-03-14 17:22:31','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Monroe LEED Home\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" subhead=\"Stormville, NY\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Monroe-LEED-Home.png\" title_text=\"Monroe-LEED-Home\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/monroeleedhome.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>A new 3 bedroom, 2.5 bath home, built to the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED Silver rating, was constructed and attached by a breezeway to an existing one-bedroom home. 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The home is ENERGY STAR certified.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/leedh.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Home Built to LEED-H Silver Standards – Monmouth County, NJ','','publish','open','closed','','home-built-to-leed-h-silver-standards-monmouth-county-nj','','','2022-03-14 17:26:39','2022-03-14 17:26:39','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?post_type=project&#038;p=991',0,'project','',0),(992,2,'2022-03-14 17:23:48','2022-03-14 17:23:48','','Home Built to LEED-H Silver Standards – Monmouth County, NJ','','inherit','closed','closed','','991-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:23:48','2022-03-14 17:23:48','',991,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=992',0,'revision','',0),(994,2,'2022-03-14 17:26:35','2022-03-14 17:26:35','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Home Built to LEED-H Silver Standards\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" subhead=\"Monmouth County, NJ\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/LEED-Home.png\" title_text=\"LEED-Home\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/leedh.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The project is one of three single-family homes built by Fluid Construction be- tween 2006 and 2008, each built to an increasingly more robust green building standard. This home was built to LEED-H Silver standards, although the LEED submittal process has not been completed. The home is ENERGY STAR certified.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/leedh.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Home Built to LEED-H Silver Standards – Monmouth County, NJ','','inherit','closed','closed','','991-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:26:35','2022-03-14 17:26:35','',991,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=994',0,'revision','',0),(996,2,'2022-03-14 17:29:27','2022-03-14 17:29:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Home\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" subhead=\"Monmouth County, NJ\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Energy-Star-Home.png\" title_text=\"Energy-Star-Home\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/energystar.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The project is one of three single-family homes built by Fluid Construction between 2006 and 2008, each built to an increasingly more robust green building standard. This home is ENERGY STAR certified.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/energystar.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','ENERGY STAR Home – Monmouth County, NJ','','publish','open','closed','','energy-star-home-monmouth-county-nj','','','2022-03-14 17:29:30','2022-03-14 17:29:30','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?post_type=project&#038;p=996',0,'project','',0),(997,2,'2022-03-14 17:26:48','2022-03-14 17:26:48','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','996-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:26:48','2022-03-14 17:26:48','',996,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=997',0,'revision','',0),(999,2,'2022-03-14 17:29:27','2022-03-14 17:29:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Home\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" subhead=\"Monmouth County, NJ\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Energy-Star-Home.png\" title_text=\"Energy-Star-Home\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/energystar.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The project is one of three single-family homes built by Fluid Construction between 2006 and 2008, each built to an increasingly more robust green building standard. This home is ENERGY STAR certified.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/energystar.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','996-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:29:27','2022-03-14 17:29:27','',996,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=999',0,'revision','',0),(1000,2,'2022-03-14 17:29:30','2022-03-14 17:29:30','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Home\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" subhead=\"Monmouth County, NJ\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Energy-Star-Home.png\" title_text=\"Energy-Star-Home\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/energystar.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The project is one of three single-family homes built by Fluid Construction between 2006 and 2008, each built to an increasingly more robust green building standard. This home is ENERGY STAR certified.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/energystar.pdf\" button_text=\"Read the Case Study\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_button][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','ENERGY STAR Home – Monmouth County, NJ','','inherit','closed','closed','','996-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:29:30','2022-03-14 17:29:30','',996,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1000',0,'revision','',0),(1001,2,'2022-03-14 17:33:15','2022-03-14 17:33:15','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Resiliency Lens\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is resiliency?</h2>\n<p>An increase in extreme weather events, increasing potential for grid-related failures, and associated health and safety risks, serves to focus attention on the importance of resilient building design. Resilient building design conveys an “ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/resiliency-lens/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://njadapt.rutgers.edu/\">The New Jersey Climate Change Alliance (NJCCA)</a> identifies the following climate change threats to buildings in New Jersey:</p>\n<blockquote><p>“intense precipitation events and related flooding, wind, wave and storm surge flooding impacts from coastal storms up to and including structural failure, moisture penetration  and associated degradation of building materials, higher incidence of mold and mildew, temperature extremes (both frequent high heat and extreme cold days) leading to material  wear and failure, and utility failures from climate events as an indirect cause of material  damage or failure.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/resiliency-lens/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Many strategies for increasing resilience in buildings are synergistic with existing green building objectives, such as an emphasis on daylighting, superior insulation values, thermal massing, and on-site renewable energy and water harvesting. These strategies reduce the need for electricity for lighting, cooling, and other critical functions, making buildings more resilient to power outages and disruptive events while also conserving energy.</p>\n<p>In conceiving of the new resiliency emphasis of the Manual, the Rutgers Center for Green Building (RCGB) reviewed recent literature on resilient design by the USGBC Resiliency Working Group headed by Mary Ann Lazarus, FAIA and Alex Wilson, Director of the Resilient Design Institute, which developed the <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/LEED-Resilient-Design-Pilot-Credits-Brief-FINAL.pdf\">LEED Resilient Design pilot credits</a> (see Figure 1).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/resiliency-lens/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_434\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"501\"]<img class=\"wp-image-434\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Resilency-Lens-Fig-1-1024x607.png\" alt=\"(Figure 1 – LEED V4 Resilient Design Pilot Credits. Source: USGBC)\" width=\"501\" height=\"297\" /> Figure 1 – LEED V4 Resilient Design Pilot (Credits. Source: USGBC)[/caption]<p>RCGB also reviewed the RELi resilience rating system, including <a href=\"http://anyflip.com/zyqc/ojoi\">RELi Resilience Action List and Credit Catalog Pilot Version 1.2.1</a> developed by the Institute for Market Transformation to Sustainability (MTS) and its RELi Collaborative,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/resiliency-lens/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> and <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/resources/reli-20-rating-guidelines-resilient-design-and-construction\">RELi 2.0 Rating Guidelines for Resilient Design and Construction</a> developed by the USGBC in partnership with MTS. Currently, in the pilot phase, RELi 2.0 provides a point-based, resilience rating and certification system for projects already pursuing LEED certification. Future versions of RELi aim to synthesize the RELi 2.0 Hazard Mitigation and Adaption Credits with the LEED Resilient Design pilot credits.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/resiliency-lens/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>The following list includes several categories and examples of green building and design strategies in the Manual, which also address increased precipitation and flooding issues, extreme temperatures, power outages, and compromised infrastructure and supply networks:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Decision making tools and evaluation strategies </strong>for identifying and assessing cost-effective green and resilient building and design opportunities and alternatives (e.g., <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process-2/\">Integrated Design Process</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-commissioning/\">Commissioning</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-evaluation/\">Building Evaluation</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/building-information-modeling-bim/\">Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a>, and <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-cost-analysis/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a>).</li>\n<li><strong>Green infrastructure strategies</strong> that mitigate environmental risks, such as increased precipitation and flooding issues, and utilize ecological-based technologies, which offer diversity and redundancy (e.g., <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/rain-gardens-and-cisterns/\">Rain Gardens</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-pervious-hardscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a>).</li>\n<li><u>Passive cooling and heating strategies</u> that reduce energy consumption and provide thermal comfort during heat waves, winter storms and power outages (e.g., <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-cool-roofs/\"> Cool Roofs</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\"> Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-insulation/\">Insulation</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Massing</a>).</li>\n<li><strong>Energy-efficient and renewable energy strategies </strong>that reduce peak demand, increase grid reliability, and support clean energy technologies (e.g., <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</a>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-water-heaters/\"> High-Efficiency Water Heaters</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-Site Renewable Energy Systems</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-variable-frequency-drives/\">Variable Frequency Drives</a>).</li>\n<li><strong>Smart building strategies</strong> that reduce stress on the electrical grid, support Demand Response Programs, smart grid infrastructure, and safety and security protocols (e.g., <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak-Load Management</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/\">Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-part-load-efficiency/\">Part-Load Efficiency</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/smart-meters/\">Smart Metering</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a>).</li>\n<li><strong>Community-scale strategies</strong> that promote social interaction and build strong community ties increasing the ability of individuals, businesses, and communities to bounce back after adverse events (e.g., <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a>).</li>\n<li><strong>Indoor Environmental Quality strategies </strong>that increase occupant health and productivity and support one’s ability to cope with emergencies and disruptions (e.g., <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/\">Active Living</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible WorkSpaces</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a>, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a>).</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The analysis further identified the need for a new category of strategies, “Back-up Systems,” which includes <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a>, and <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a>. A strategy on <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a> was added to prepare businesses and building occupants with tips and resources for common emergencies and natural disasters.</p>\n<p>Finally, the 2019 update of the Manual introduces best practice strategies in green building that support resilient development in New Jersey. Research and understanding at the intersection of green building and resiliency is an evolving field and practice. The Manual aims to expand the focus of green building in New Jersey to include resiliency objectives while at the same time utilizing New Jersey’s recent storm history and climatic forecast to encourage more widespread adoption of quality green building practices, (which are inherently resilient) into mainstream practice.</p>\n<p>For more information on resilient design, refer to the <a href=\"https://www.resilientdesign.org/\">Resilient Design Institute</a> and <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">USGBC’s The Center for Resilience</a>, which provides research, case studies, tools and resources on resiliency building initiatives including updates on the LEED Resilient Design Credits and the RELi resilience rating system.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<pre><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/overview/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/resiliency-lens/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> USGBC. 2019. The Center for Resilience. What is Resiliency? <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience</a> (accessed February 5, 2019).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/resiliency-lens/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance (NJCAA). 2014. The Role of Buildings in Climate Adaptation. Climate Change Preparedness in New Jersey. Edited by Jennifer Senick.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/resiliency-lens/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> USGBC. 2019. Policy Brief: LEED Resilient Design Pilot Credits - How LEED Empowers Projects to Achieve a Higher Level of Resilience.  <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/LEED-Resilient-Design-Pilot-Credits-Brief-FINAL.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/LEED-Resilient-Design-Pilot-Credits-Brief-FINAL.pdf</a> (accessed February 7, 2019).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/resiliency-lens/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> The RELi Collaborative is a network of professionals, experts, and graduate students at Perkins + Will; the C3 Living Design Project; the Capital Markets Partnership\'s National Safety and Resiliency Committee; the American Institute of Architects Minnesota Committee on the Environment, the University of Minnesota School of Architecture; and the Upper Midwest hub of the American Institute of Architects Foundation National Resilience Initiative Network.\n<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/resiliency-lens/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> U.S. Green Building Council, Inc. 2018. RELi 2.0 ating Guidelines for Resilient Design + Construction. December 20</pre>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Resiliency Lens','','inherit','closed','closed','','747-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:33:15','2022-03-14 17:33:15','',747,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1001',0,'revision','',0),(1002,2,'2022-03-14 17:33:42','2022-03-14 17:33:42','<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This is an example page. It\'s different from a blog post because it will stay in one place and will show up in your site navigation (in most themes). Most people start with an About page that introduces them to potential site visitors. It might say something like this:</p>\n<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Hi there! I\'m a bike messenger by day, aspiring actor by night, and this is my website. I live in Los Angeles, have a great dog named Jack, and I like pi&#241;a coladas. (And gettin\' caught in the rain.)</p></blockquote>\n<!-- /wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>...or something like this:</p>\n<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>The XYZ Doohickey Company was founded in 1971, and has been providing quality doohickeys to the public ever since. Located in Gotham City, XYZ employs over 2,000 people and does all kinds of awesome things for the Gotham community.</p></blockquote>\n<!-- /wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As a new WordPress user, you should go to <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-admin/\">your dashboard</a> to delete this page and create new pages for your content. Have fun!</p>\n<!-- /wp:paragraph -->','Sample Page','','inherit','closed','closed','','2-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:33:42','2022-03-14 17:33:42','',2,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1002',0,'revision','',0),(1003,2,'2022-03-14 17:53:16','2022-03-14 17:53:16','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"New Residential Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green homes with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing homes. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>The Residential Buildings section includes strategies for new single-family homes. Many of the strategies also pertain to existing single-family homes and support energy-efficient and green home improvement projects that provide resiliency benefits. Whether building a new home or upgrading old systems, new and existing homeowners have the opportunity to select ENERGY STAR equipment, including high-efficiency water heaters, and HVAC equipment. Likewise, all homeowners can incorporate grid back-up capabilities (based on individualized risk factors and site opportunities) and consider storm preparation and planning for disruptive events.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-building-information-modeling-bim/\">Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-composting/\">Composting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-brownfield-and-infill-sites/\">Brownfield and Infill Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-site-protection-plan/\">Site Protection Plan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><strong>Envelope</strong><span></span></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Massing</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Mechanicals and Equipment</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-part-load-efficiency/\">Part-Load Efficiency</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Energy Supply</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-geothermal-heat-pumps/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-green-power/\">Green Power</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Wind Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic Systems (PV)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-geothermal/\">Solar Thermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Re-use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/\">Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-flexible-spaces/\">Flexible Workspaces</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-Toxic Materials</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-erosion-control/\">Erosion Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-edible-landscaping/\">Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-high-reflectance-hardscape-materials/\">High Reflectance Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-light-pollution-reduction/\">Light Pollution Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-soil-test/\">Soil Test</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-cool-roofs/\">Cool Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-recovery-systems/\">Energy Recovery Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/acoustic-comfort/\">Acoustic Comfort</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-entryway-systems-2/\">Entryway Systems</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/\">ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-green-power/\">Green Power</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management (IPM)</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-green-homeowner-training/\">Homeowner Training</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/preventative-maintenance/\">Preventative Maintenance</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/new-residential/nr-recycling-centers/\">Recycling Centers</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/grid-interactive-efficient-buildings-geb/\">Grid-Interactive Efficient Homes</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls (NLCs)</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-building-evaluation/\">Building Evaluation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-commissioning/\">Commissioning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"5\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','New Residential','','publish','closed','closed','','new-residential','','','2022-04-26 16:00:19','2022-04-26 16:00:19','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?page_id=1003',0,'page','',0),(1004,2,'2022-03-14 17:45:15','2022-03-14 17:45:15','','Auto 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theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green homes with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing homes. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>The Residential Buildings section includes strategies for new single-family homes. Many of the strategies also pertain to existing single-family homes and support energy-efficient and green home improvement projects that provide resiliency benefits. Whether building a new home or upgrading old systems, new and existing homeowners have the opportunity to select ENERGY STAR equipment, including high-efficiency water heaters, and HVAC equipment. 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Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"5\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1003-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:53:16','2022-03-14 17:53:16','',1003,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1006',0,'revision','',0),(1007,2,'2022-03-14 17:53:19','2022-03-14 17:53:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"New Residential Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green homes with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing homes. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>The Residential Buildings section includes strategies for new single-family homes. Many of the strategies also pertain to existing single-family homes and support energy-efficient and green home improvement projects that provide resiliency benefits. Whether building a new home or upgrading old systems, new and existing homeowners have the opportunity to select ENERGY STAR equipment, including high-efficiency water heaters, and HVAC equipment. Likewise, all homeowners can incorporate grid back-up capabilities (based on individualized risk factors and site opportunities) and consider storm preparation and planning for disruptive events.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. 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You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. 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You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. 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Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"5\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','New Residential','','inherit','closed','closed','','1003-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:53:19','2022-03-14 17:53:19','',1003,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1007',0,'revision','',0),(1009,2,'2022-03-14 18:03:17','2022-03-14 17:57:20','','NEW RESIDENTIAL','','publish','closed','closed','','new-residential','','','2022-03-14 18:03:17','2022-03-14 18:03:17','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1009',8,'nav_menu_item','',0),(1012,2,'2022-03-14 17:59:54','2022-03-14 17:59:54','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"New Commercial Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green commercial buildings with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing commercial buildings. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>Best practice strategies include all aspects of green building and design with an added focus on those that jointly promote energy efficiency and resiliency in keeping with the State of New Jersey policy objectives. The Manual organizes best practice strategies according to an operational framework based on a design-build-operate-evaluate process. Each strategy includes a short explanation or definition, implementation recommendations, New Jersey specific examples (when available), and sections on strategy benefits, costs, resiliency (if applicable), and additional resources.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. 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Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. 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You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"3\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','New Commercial','','inherit','closed','closed','','659-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 17:59:54','2022-03-14 17:59:54','',659,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1012',0,'revision','',0),(1013,2,'2022-03-14 18:02:00','2022-03-14 18:02:00','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Existing Commercial Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the greening of existing commercial buildings, which continue to represent untapped potential in common green building areas such as energy efficiency, environmental performance, indoor air quality, and occupant comfort.</p>\n<p>The Manual organizes existing commercial building upgrade strategies by focus areas such as “energy &amp; resilience” or “environment &amp; health.” Each strategy includes a short explanation or definition, implementation recommendations, New Jersey specific examples (when available), and sections on strategy benefits, costs, resiliency (if applicable), and additional resources.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Planning & Site Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-life-cycle-costs-analysis-lcca/\">Life-Cycle-Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-re-commissioning/\">Re-Commissioning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-composting/\">Composting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-site-and-stormwater-management/\">Site and Stormwater Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf5ba;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"]<h2>Energy <br />&amp; Resilience</h2>[/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Envelope\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf17a;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-exterior-walls/\">Exterior Wall Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacement and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Lighting\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0eb;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-light-pollution-reduction/\">Light Pollution Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"HVAC\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-chilled-beams/\">Chilled Beams</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-demand-control-ventilation/\">Demand Control Ventilation (DCV)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-variable-frequency-drives/\">Variable Frequency Drives (VFD)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy Supply\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-green-power/\">Green Power</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy and Geothermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Back-up Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf242;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Environment & Health\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf21e;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/\">On-site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-high-efficiency-water-heaters/\">High-Efficiency Water Heaters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Waste & Materials\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/ec-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste/\">Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/ec-safe-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-Toxic Materials</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/ec-source-reduction-and-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/ec-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Air Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-entryway-systems-2/\">Entryway Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-natural-ventilation-2/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Occupant Health and Productivity\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf406;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-acoustic-comfort/\">Acoustic Comfort</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Workspaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf201;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"]<h2>Building<br />Performance</h2>[/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf274;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-preventative-maintenance/\">Preventative Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-recycling-centers/\">Recycling Centers</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Evaluation\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-building-evaluation/\">Building Evaluation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-re-commissioning/\">Re-Commissioning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.17.3\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-grid-integrated-efficient-buildings-geb/\">Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings (GEB)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"4\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Existing Commercial','','publish','closed','closed','','existing-commercial','','','2022-04-26 15:40:30','2022-04-26 15:40:30','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?page_id=1013',0,'page','',0),(1014,2,'2022-03-14 18:00:13','2022-03-14 18:00:13','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1013-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 18:00:13','2022-03-14 18:00:13','',1013,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1014',0,'revision','',0),(1016,2,'2022-03-14 18:02:00','2022-03-14 18:02:00','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Existing Commercial Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>The Manual supports the greening of existing commercial buildings, which continue to represent untapped potential in common green building areas such as energy efficiency, environmental performance, indoor air quality, and occupant comfort.</p>\n<p>The Manual organizes existing commercial building upgrade strategies by focus areas such as “energy &amp; resilience” or “environment &amp; health.” Each strategy includes a short explanation or definition, implementation recommendations, New Jersey specific examples (when available), and sections on strategy benefits, costs, resiliency (if applicable), and additional resources.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. 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You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"4\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Existing Commercial','','inherit','closed','closed','','1013-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 18:02:00','2022-03-14 18:02:00','',1013,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1016',0,'revision','',0),(1017,2,'2022-03-14 18:02:01','2022-03-14 18:02:01','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Existing Commercial Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>The Manual supports the greening of existing commercial buildings, which continue to represent untapped potential in common green building areas such as energy efficiency, environmental performance, indoor air quality, and occupant comfort.</p>\n<p>The Manual organizes existing commercial building upgrade strategies by focus areas such as “energy &amp; resilience” or “environment &amp; health.” Each strategy includes a short explanation or definition, implementation recommendations, New Jersey specific examples (when available), and sections on strategy benefits, costs, resiliency (if applicable), and additional resources.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. 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resilience” or “environment &amp; health.” Each strategy includes a short explanation or definition, implementation recommendations, New Jersey specific examples (when available), and sections on strategy benefits, costs, resiliency (if applicable), and additional resources.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. 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You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. 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Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"4\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Existing Commercial','','inherit','closed','closed','','1013-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 18:02:03','2022-03-14 18:02:03','',1013,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1018',0,'revision','',0),(1019,2,'2022-03-14 18:02:53','2022-03-14 18:02:53',' ','','','publish','closed','closed','','1019','','','2022-03-14 18:02:53','2022-03-14 18:02:53','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1019',2,'nav_menu_item','',0),(1020,2,'2022-03-14 18:02:53','2022-03-14 18:02:53',' ','','','publish','closed','closed','','1020','','','2022-03-14 18:02:53','2022-03-14 18:02:53','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1020',3,'nav_menu_item','',0),(1021,2,'2022-03-14 18:03:17','2022-03-14 18:03:17','','EXISTING COMMERCIAL','','publish','closed','closed','','existing-commercial','','','2022-03-14 18:03:17','2022-03-14 18:03:17','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1021',7,'nav_menu_item','',0),(1022,2,'2022-03-14 18:05:50','2022-03-14 18:05:50','/* Change Hamburger Icon color on mobile menu */\r\n.mobile_menu_bar:before {\r\n    color: #FFFFFF;\r\n}\r\n\r\n/* Customizations to Scroll Up icon to match RU website */\r\n.et_pb_scroll_top.et-pb-icon {\r\n  text-align: center;\r\n  background: #ebb600;\r\n  text-decoration: none;\r\n  position: fixed;\r\n  z-index: 99999;\r\n  bottom: 25px;\r\n  right: 25px;\r\n  -webkit-border-top-left-radius: 0;\r\n  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;\r\n  -moz-border-radius-topleft: 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widgets */\r\n.et_pb_widget ol li, .et_pb_widget ul li {\r\n  padding:0 20px 0 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n/* Drop Down Menu width */\r\n.nav li ul {\r\n    width: 320px;\r\n}\r\n#top-menu li li a {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n}','Divi','','inherit','closed','closed','','668-revision-v1','','','2022-03-14 18:05:50','2022-03-14 18:05:50','',668,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1022',0,'revision','',0),(1025,2,'2022-03-17 01:43:50','2022-03-17 01:43:50','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Highland Park Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Highland Park Reformed Church was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of community gathering spaces can be equipped with the capability of supporting basic functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable.  Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can be expected to provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency. In the Highland Park Reformed Church case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>For Whom is This Useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: Reformed Church</strong></h2>\n<p>The Reformed Church is more than 120 years old and the complex includes sections built over many decades. As a result, the electric system is segmented and should be easy to rewire the circuits to serve critical loads for emergency scenarios.</p>\n<p>The complex has a strong record of serving as an emergency gathering place and hosted large numbers of displaced community residents during Sandy.</p>\n<p>The community room (Social Hall) of the church is equipped with a full kitchen and dozens of portable cots for overnight emergency guests. Its floor area is approximately 5,000 square feet.</p>\n<p>A field visit to the Reformed Church (4/29/15, 11:00 am, sunny) confirmed that two rooftop solar arrays serve the church complex, one on the church roof and the other on the attached residence for young woman aging out of foster care. They appear to be 2 x 6,400 W arrays. They have a shared savings program with Sun Farm Network to pay back the $110k investment through their electricity bills over time.</p>\n<p>A natural gas-fired hot water boiler provides heating with electric circulating pumps. Domestic hot water and cooking equipment are also natural gas-fired. The dishwasher and refrigerators require electricity.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Gathering space at Reformed Church – Social Hall\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p id=\"caption-attachment-1894\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Figure 3 – Gathering space at Reformed Church – Social Hall</em></p>\n<h2><strong>Electricity Demand Calculation </strong></h2>\n<p>Three questions were posed to determine critical electrical loads in the study:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must it be continuously available?</li>\n<li>Are there any affordable and convenient substitutes?</li>\n<li>What are the consequences for human health and economic costs?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>As seen in the High School/Middle School case study, the electricity demand associated with HVAC, lighting, and cooking can be quite high (see Table 1). These uses may require paring back significantly during an outage situation where the solar system plays the predominant energy supply role. A reasonable level of electricity demand could provide phone and computer charging, and emergency lighting. Cooking could rely chiefly on natural gas-fired equipment.</p>\n<p>The Reformed Church is owned and operated by a nonprofit religious organization. It is not a part of the municipal government or the school district. It raises revenue mostly from donations, and its ability to take on debt is limited. It must meet building codes, but it does not need to follow governmental procurement processes and hence can act nimbly. The church leadership can pursue donations, grants, and third-party financing to acquire solar islanding capability.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.</em></p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the Reformed Church would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 1 shows data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record.  Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system.  Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 4 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-9462328da1c723e\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the NJ Board of Public Utilities website <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/</a>.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Highland Park Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study','','publish','open','closed','','highland-park-reformed-church-solar-islanding-study','','','2022-03-17 01:49:27','2022-03-17 01:49:27','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?post_type=project&#038;p=1025',0,'project','',0),(1026,2,'2022-03-17 01:32:37','2022-03-17 01:32:37','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1025-revision-v1','','','2022-03-17 01:32:37','2022-03-17 01:32:37','',1025,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1026',0,'revision','',0),