(1028,2,'2022-03-17 01:34:29','2022-03-17 01:34:29','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The Highland Park Reformed Church was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of community gathering spaces can be equipped with the capability of supporting basic functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable.  Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can be expected to provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency. In the Highland Park Reformed Church case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-1-1-e1553020265316.png\" alt=\"Fig 1 – Map of Elizabeth, NJ.\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-1-1-e1553020265316\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p><em>Fig 1 – Map of Elizabeth, NJ.</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Health and comfort challenges presented by poor air quality are exacerbated by heatwaves, which are increasing in severity and duration.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> While it is difficult to take local actions that substantively impact outdoor air quality, property managers and tenants can take actions that improve indoor air quality. This is important because the average person spends more than 90% of his/her time indoors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Additionally, property managers can pursue strategies to improve outdoor environmental quality in the immediate vicinity of the property (e.g., provision of shade) and encourage tenant use of outdoor amenities. Depending on location, and time of day, outdoor air quality is better than indoor air quality.</p>\n<h2><strong>For whom is this useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>The original research focused on vulnerable urban seniors living in public housing, although its findings are broadly useful, especially for vulnerable populations. Developers, property owners, design professionals, public agencies and communities all stand to benefit their constituencies by adopting strategies for increasing heatwave resilience.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of location: Elizabeth, NJ</strong></h2>\n<p>The City of Elizabeth is the fourth largest city in New Jersey and the largest city in Union County. It covers a total of 13.5 square miles and contains one of the largest and busiest ports in the world. Within Elizabeth, HACE manages 1,322 public housing units.</p>\n<p>The City of Elizabeth is home to significant sources of pollution such as the Bayway Refinery, part of the Chemical Coast (a stretch of municipalities that produce most of the region’s oil products), the I-95 corridor, Port Elizabeth Marine Terminal, one of the largest ports in the country, and shares the Newark Liberty International Airport with the City of Newark. Based on an analysis by the National Toxics Assessment, air quality in Elizabeth was given a score of 25 out of 100.</p>\n<h2><strong>Physical Characteristics of the Study Sites</strong></h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Fig 2 – Study Site M and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017)\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p><em>Fig 2 – Study Site M and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017)</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>421 Units in 15 three-story walk-ups</li>\n<li>New roofs, fire escapes, heaters + bathrooms</li>\n<li>On-site community room and event space</li>\n<li>Social + financial support services</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Fig 3 – Study Site F and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p><em>Fig 3 – Study Site F and its Surroundings ((NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>121 Units</li>\n<li>11-stories (1 building)</li>\n<li>Extensive upgrades</li>\n<li>Community Space</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-4.png\" alt=\"Fig 4 – Study Site L and its Surroundings (NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-4\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p><em>Fig 4 – Study Site L and its Surroundings (NJGIN), 2016; Maps, 2017).</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>30 Senior-only units</li>\n<li>Newest HACE property</li>\n<li>LEED Gold</li>\n<li>All units have access to central air</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Study Design</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>24 households in 3 Housing Authority of the City of Elizabeth (HACE) sites</li>\n<li>Baseline interviews on social economic status, health, coping strategies, etc.</li>\n<li>Follow-up interviews; especially during heatwaves</li>\n<li>Continuous outdoor measurements using sensors</li>\n<li>Continuous indoor measurements (24 apts.) using sensors</li>\n<li>Empty apartment: continuous measurements using sensors</li>\n<li>Study timeframe: July 1 – September 30</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Findings</strong></h2>\n<p>The study investigated the architecture and technology of the buildings, the outdoor environment, and building occupant (tenant) behavior, with a strong focus on primary-source data including a system of indoor and outdoor sensors as well as structured interviews with building occupants.</p>\n<h3><strong>Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality</strong></h3>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Fig 5 – Average Hourly Ozone Levels in Newark and Bayonne\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-5\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p><em>Fig 5 – Average Hourly Ozone Levels in Newark and Bayonne</em></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ground-level ozone levels vary significantly throughout the day</li>\n<li>High temperature associated with higher levels of ozone</li>\n<li>Ozone, PM2.5, PM10, CO2 + high temperature have negative effects on health.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Adaptive Actions by Study Site</strong></h3>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-6.png\" alt=\"Fig 6 – Baseline Interviews vs. Actual Heat Waves Summer 2017 *Not necessarily in search for a cooler place (only 5% left in search of a cooler place)\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-6\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p><em>Fig 6 – Baseline Interviews vs. Actual Heat Waves Summer 2017<br />*Not necessarily in search for a cooler place (only 5% left in search of a cooler place)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-7.png\" alt=\"Fig 7- Study Hypothesis and Findings\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-7\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p><em>Fig 7- Study Hypothesis and Findings</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Green Building Strategies to Mitigate Heatwave Impact</strong></h2>\n<h3><strong>Outdoor Shade Spaces</strong></h3>\n<p>Aging adults and people with chronic illness are at particular risk of heat stroke, dehydration and dangerous fainting spells. This is exacerbated by the fact that some people living in public housing do not have access to central air conditioning (AC) or cannot afford to run window AC units. Property owners can encourage these populations to walk the outdoor premises by providing amenities that accommodate such activity.</p>\n<p>While the grounds of apartment complexes often include outdoor common spaces, they do not always have shaded areas and aging adults, who are susceptible to heatstroke, may not be able to take advantage of unshaded outdoor spaces. Owners may consider planting trees on property grounds as the presence of trees will contribute to improved air quality. Trees absorb pollutants and also help reduce the urban heat island effect by cooling the immediate environment through evapotranspiration and can reduce the need the demand for air conditioning in nearby buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Heat island effect takes place when built up or densely developed areas experience an increase in temperature due to large areas of dark surfaces (i.e., pavement, roofs, etc.) that absorb heat from the sun. Rising temperatures result in increased energy demands, which can lead to higher air conditioning costs, increased greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, and increased risk of heat-related illnesses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> If planting trees is not feasible, owners can still incorporate planted areas, install canopies or umbrellas and provide seating to accommodate outdoor activities. Consider multipurpose components such as photovoltaic panels or vegetated roofs on structural canopies. High reflectance or “cool” paving stays cooler in the sun than darker paving. Consider using light-colored and reflective-colored pavers an alternative to asphalt and other dark materials for outdoor spaces.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Water features can also help cool the microclimate of an outdoor space.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>To help signal to tenants the appropriate times for outdoor seating or recreation, as well as opportunities to exchange air in the apartment via window opening, property owners can implement a visual outdoor air quality monitoring and warning system. The US EPA has an ‘Air Now’ online tool (www.airnow.gov) that lists air quality conditions by zip codes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> A highly visible flag system that correlates to a scale of air quality on site can help provide information about current air quality.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-8.png\" alt=\"Fig 8 – Air Quality Index (Source: US EPA).\" title_text=\"EC-Heatwave-Study-Fig-8\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p><em>Fig 8 – Air Quality Index (Source: US EPA).</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3>Vegetated Roofs</h3>\n<p>A vegetated roof, or green roof, is a system of lightweight growing media and plants that can be installed on most new or existing roofs with the input of a structural engineer. Vegetated roofs can improve air quality, reduce the urban heat island effect, manage stormwater and reduce the need for heating and cooling within the building. Accessible green roofs can also provide opportunities for producing food as well as providing additional outdoor space and wildlife habitat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p>For example, vegetated roofs serve as a carbon sink, helping to offset carbon emissions. Vegetation traps dust and particulate matter as well as other contaminants such as nitrogen oxides.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The multiple layers of a vegetated roof provide insulation. By increasing a building’s thermal mass, vegetated roofs can help keep temperatures cool in hot weather and warmer during the heating season translating into less energy spent on climate control for the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> In the event of a power outage, common during heatwaves, vegetated roofs can help keep temperatures cool in the hot weather.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 9 – The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation headquarters green roof in Morristown, NJ (Source: Wild New Jersey).\" title_text=\"NC-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-2-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p><em>Figure 9 – The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation headquarters green roof in Morristown, NJ (Source: Wild New Jersey).</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3>Cool Roofs</h3>\n<p>Cool roofs, typically white, light-colored or reflective-colored roofs, reflect and radiate heat away from the building and are “cooler,” or have higher levels of reflectance and emissivity, than dark roofs. Many building codes and green building programs have a cool roof and urban heat island mitigation requirements that refer to <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products/cool_roofs_emissivity\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/\">Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC)</a> voluntary labeling programs. Cool roofs and proper insulation levels can reduce heating and cooling loads, reducing stress on the grid, and help to regulate thermal comfort during a power outage. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Cool-Roof-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 10 – Reflectance and Emittance of Roofs (Source: Cool Roof Rating Council)\" title_text=\"NC-Cool-Roof-Fig-1-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p><em>Figure 10 – Reflectance and Emittance of Roofs (Source: Cool Roof Rating Council)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h3><strong>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</strong></h3>\n<p>The careful selection and placement of trees, shrubs and other vegetation can help reduce a building’s cooling needs. For example, planting trees on the southside of the building can minimize summer solar heat gain. During a heat-wave, shade-providing trees help mitigate the urban heat island effect, reduce indoor cooling loads, and reduce stress on the power grid.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Smart Metering</strong></h3>\n<p>Smart meters or advanced meters, a component of the broader smart grid, <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> use digital meters to record and transmit energy consumption and generation data, namely electricity, but also natural gas or water usage in intervals of an hour or less through secure wireless network back to the utility and consumer at least daily. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> As opposed to traditional analog or automated meter readers, smart meter technology includes remote reading, two-way communication, support for dynamic pricing,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> and remote disablement and enablement of supply.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> Smart meters provide documentation for participation in utility-sponsored demand response programs, which incentivize property owners and managers to interrupt or adjust energy use by reducing or shifting loads or storing energy during peak demand and periods of higher energy costs or enable utilities to remotely switch electricity services on or off based on the cost or availability of energy.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> For example, consumption data from smart meters can signal a utility or consumer to remotely turn off air-conditioning units to avoid peak load issues or to run appliances during lower demand, lower-cost times of the day. Smart metered buildings with on-site renewable energy generation (e.g., photovoltaic systems) and energy storage (e.g., thermal storage, battery storage, fuel cells) can signal consumers to use renewable electricity when available, store excess when not needed or sell excess electricity to the grid. Smart metering and participating in demand response programs can help reduce water and energy costs and prevent peak demand-related grid-outages.</p>\n<p>Smart meters increase heatwave resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging. During heatwaves or power outages, smart meters help accelerate service restoration by identifying problem areas and efficiently sending work crews, thereby reducing repair costs and total outage times and limiting business closures, health and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a></p>\n<h3>Heatwave Prevention and Preparation: Energy Storage and Back-up Power</h3>\n<p>In the last 20 years, an increase in the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, heatwaves, thunderstorms, and ice storms in New Jersey and the associated costs of storm-related power outages, highlights the need for resilient energy systems that provide backup power in the event of a grid failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a></p>\n<p>Historically, generators fueled by fossil fuels, such as diesel or natural gas, provide backup power in the event of a power outage or natural disaster. In New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy exposed the vulnerability of generators, as the storm disrupted access to fuel and competing fuel demands from the transportation sector quickly depleted local fuel reserves.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a></p>\n<p>Energy storage refers to storing energy (e.g., batteries, thermal storage) for later use when it is needed, such as during a heatwave and power outage, or storing low priced energy and using that energy during peak demand, such as increased air conditioning usage during a heatwave, when prices climb.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a></p>\n<p>Backup power refers to supporting critical building functions by utilizing stored electrical or thermal energy (energy storage), power from on-site power generation with islanding capabilities, or power from local microgrids and distributed energy generators.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 11 – Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)\" title_text=\"NC-Energy-Storage-and-Back-up-Power-Generation-Fig-1-\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<p><em>Fig 11 – Storage and Backup Power Considerations (Source: NREL)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-50622f51180d6df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-32622f511a680df\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Property owners and managers may consider supplementing or replacing traditional standby generators with the following technologies to provide backup power in the event of a power outage or heatwave:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Islandable Photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery storage.</li>\n<li>Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems with or without energy storage.</li>\n<li>Fuel Cells and hydrogen storage.</li>\n<li>Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology and battery storage.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Energy storage and backup power generation support heatwave prevention and preparation in many ways. Backup power generation systems that utilize energy storage or islanding and microgrid ready capabilities can operate independently from the grid during outages or at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by managing system outages and peak demand. Separation from the electricity grid also offers protection from security threats. Energy storage and backup power generation allow customers to take full advantage of demand response programs that signal when to use, store, or sell energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand.  Likewise, energy storage and on-site backup power help to support the development of the broader smart grid by providing a local, distributed energy resource and helping to manage the integration of clean and renewable energy to the grid.</p>\n<p><em>This project was funded in part through National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant AGS-1645786. Materials for this case study are drawn from Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference, Rutgers Environmental Planning Studio. Final Report. Spring 2017. Don’t Sweat It: Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality in Elizabeth, NJ, and NJ Green Building Manual Strategies.</em></p>\n<pre><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference, Rutgers Environmental Planning Studio. Final Report. Spring 2017. Don’t Sweat It: Heat Waves &amp; Air Quality in Elizabeth, NJ, and NJ Green Building Manual Strategies.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Andrews, Clint, et al. 2018. Managing Heatwaves in Affordable Housing. 2018 APA National Planning Conference.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Klepes, Neil, et al. 2001. <a href=\"https://indoor.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbnl-47713.pdf\">The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A Resource for Assessing Exposure to Environmental Pollutants</a>. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (accessed March 15, 2019).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Heisler, Gordon M. and David J. Novak. <a href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2010/nrs_2010_nowak_002.pdf\">National Recreation and Park Association</a>. 2010. (accessed December 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Solecki, William D. et al.,<em> <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/research/urbanheat.pdf\">Urban Heat Island and Climate Change: An Assessment of Interacting and Possible Adaptations in the Camden, New Jersey Region</a>,</em> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research, and Technology (2004).  (accessed March 16, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. High Reflectance Hardscape Materials.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> De Joanna, Paola. International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Sustainable Development. <a href=\"http://iicbe.org/upload/9452DIR1216417.pdf\">The Water for Climate Comfort in Architecture</a>. 2016. (accessed December 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. <a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov\">AirNow</a>. (accessed December 12, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. Vegetated Roofs.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Oberndorfer, Erica et. al. 2007. <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/57/10/823/232363\">Green Roofs as Urban Ecosystems: Ecological Structures, Functions, and Services</a>. <em>Biosciencemag.org </em>57, no. 10. (accessed March 25, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> James Hoff. “<a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Peak-Demand-Hoff-11.11.14.pdf\">Reducing Peak Energy Demand: A Hidden Benefit of Cool Roofs</a>.” TEGNOS Research.  (accessed March 25, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Rutgers Center for Green building. NJ Green Building Manual. Cool Roofs.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. NJ Green Building Manual. Energy-efficient Landscaping.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> Smart grids are electricity supply networks that use digital communications technology to detect and react to changes in energy supply and demand and manage the transport of electricity from generation sources to end users.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. <a href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=108&amp;t=1\">Frequently Asked Questions: Smart Meters</a>. Updated December 7, 2017. (accessed Sept 5, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Dynamic pricing includes time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, variable peak pricing, critical peak pricing, and critical or peak time rebates.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> Connected Devices Alliance. 2018. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> DOE. “<a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses</a>.” (accessed May 1, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance, <a href=\"http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj-vulnerabilities/file\">Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change</a>.<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> E. Hotchkiss, I. Metzger, J. Salasovich, and P. Schwabe. 2013. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60631.pdf\">Alternative Energy Generation Opportunities in Critical Infrastructure New Jersey</a>. Produced under the direction of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (accessed Oct 3, 2018).<br /><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/heatwave-case-study/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Energy Storage Association. 2018. <a href=\"http://energystorage.org/energy-storage/technology-applications/distributed-grid-connected-pv-integration\">Distribute Grid-Connected PV Integration</a> (accessed Oct 18, 2018).</pre>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-cool-roofs/\">Cool Roofs</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-reflectance-hardscape-materials/\">High-Reflectance Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Mass</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1025-revision-v1','','','2022-03-17 01:34:29','2022-03-17 01:34:29','',1025,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1028',0,'revision','',0),(1030,2,'2022-03-17 01:43:50','2022-03-17 01:43:50','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Highland Park Reformed Church was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of community gathering spaces can be equipped with the capability of supporting basic functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable.  Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can be expected to provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency. In the Highland Park Reformed Church case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>For Whom is This Useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: Reformed Church</strong></h2>\n<p>The Reformed Church is more than 120 years old and the complex includes sections built over many decades. As a result, the electric system is segmented and should be easy to rewire the circuits to serve critical loads for emergency scenarios.</p>\n<p>The complex has a strong record of serving as an emergency gathering place and hosted large numbers of displaced community residents during Sandy.</p>\n<p>The community room (Social Hall) of the church is equipped with a full kitchen and dozens of portable cots for overnight emergency guests. Its floor area is approximately 5,000 square feet.</p>\n<p>A field visit to the Reformed Church (4/29/15, 11:00 am, sunny) confirmed that two rooftop solar arrays serve the church complex, one on the church roof and the other on the attached residence for young woman aging out of foster care. They appear to be 2 x 6,400 W arrays. They have a shared savings program with Sun Farm Network to pay back the $110k investment through their electricity bills over time.</p>\n<p>A natural gas-fired hot water boiler provides heating with electric circulating pumps. Domestic hot water and cooking equipment are also natural gas-fired. The dishwasher and refrigerators require electricity.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Gathering space at Reformed Church – Social Hall\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.</em></p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the Reformed Church would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 1 shows data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record.  Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system.  Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 4 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-9462328da1c723e\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the NJ Board of Public Utilities website <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/</a>.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Highland Park Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study','','inherit','closed','closed','','1025-revision-v1','','','2022-03-17 01:43:50','2022-03-17 01:43:50','',1025,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1030',0,'revision','',0),(1031,2,'2022-03-17 01:43:50','2022-03-17 01:43:50','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Highland Park Reformed Church was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of community gathering spaces can be equipped with the capability of supporting basic functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable.  Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can be expected to provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency. In the Highland Park Reformed Church case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>For Whom is This Useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: Reformed Church</strong></h2>\n<p>The Reformed Church is more than 120 years old and the complex includes sections built over many decades. As a result, the electric system is segmented and should be easy to rewire the circuits to serve critical loads for emergency scenarios.</p>\n<p>The complex has a strong record of serving as an emergency gathering place and hosted large numbers of displaced community residents during Sandy.</p>\n<p>The community room (Social Hall) of the church is equipped with a full kitchen and dozens of portable cots for overnight emergency guests. Its floor area is approximately 5,000 square feet.</p>\n<p>A field visit to the Reformed Church (4/29/15, 11:00 am, sunny) confirmed that two rooftop solar arrays serve the church complex, one on the church roof and the other on the attached residence for young woman aging out of foster care. They appear to be 2 x 6,400 W arrays. They have a shared savings program with Sun Farm Network to pay back the $110k investment through their electricity bills over time.</p>\n<p>A natural gas-fired hot water boiler provides heating with electric circulating pumps. Domestic hot water and cooking equipment are also natural gas-fired. The dishwasher and refrigerators require electricity.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Gathering space at Reformed Church – Social Hall\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.</em></p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the Reformed Church would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 1 shows data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record.  Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system.  Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 4 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-9462328da1c723e\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the NJ Board of Public Utilities website <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/</a>.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1025-revision-v1','','','2022-03-17 01:43:50','2022-03-17 01:43:50','',1025,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1031',0,'revision','',0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (1032,2,'2022-03-17 01:43:53','2022-03-17 01:43:53','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Highland Park Reformed Church was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of community gathering spaces can be equipped with the capability of supporting basic functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable.  Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can be expected to provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency. In the Highland Park Reformed Church case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>For Whom is This Useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: Reformed Church</strong></h2>\n<p>The Reformed Church is more than 120 years old and the complex includes sections built over many decades. As a result, the electric system is segmented and should be easy to rewire the circuits to serve critical loads for emergency scenarios.</p>\n<p>The complex has a strong record of serving as an emergency gathering place and hosted large numbers of displaced community residents during Sandy.</p>\n<p>The community room (Social Hall) of the church is equipped with a full kitchen and dozens of portable cots for overnight emergency guests. Its floor area is approximately 5,000 square feet.</p>\n<p>A field visit to the Reformed Church (4/29/15, 11:00 am, sunny) confirmed that two rooftop solar arrays serve the church complex, one on the church roof and the other on the attached residence for young woman aging out of foster care. They appear to be 2 x 6,400 W arrays. They have a shared savings program with Sun Farm Network to pay back the $110k investment through their electricity bills over time.</p>\n<p>A natural gas-fired hot water boiler provides heating with electric circulating pumps. Domestic hot water and cooking equipment are also natural gas-fired. The dishwasher and refrigerators require electricity.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Gathering space at Reformed Church – Social Hall\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.</em></p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the Reformed Church would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 1 shows data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record.  Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system.  Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 4 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-9462328da1c723e\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the NJ Board of Public Utilities website <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/</a>.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Highland Park Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study','','inherit','closed','closed','','1025-revision-v1','','','2022-03-17 01:43:53','2022-03-17 01:43:53','',1025,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1032',0,'revision','',0),(1033,2,'2022-03-17 01:44:17','2022-03-17 01:44:17','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Highland Park Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Highland Park Reformed Church was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of community gathering spaces can be equipped with the capability of supporting basic functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable.  Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can be expected to provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency. In the Highland Park Reformed Church case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>For Whom is This Useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: Reformed Church</strong></h2>\n<p>The Reformed Church is more than 120 years old and the complex includes sections built over many decades. As a result, the electric system is segmented and should be easy to rewire the circuits to serve critical loads for emergency scenarios.</p>\n<p>The complex has a strong record of serving as an emergency gathering place and hosted large numbers of displaced community residents during Sandy.</p>\n<p>The community room (Social Hall) of the church is equipped with a full kitchen and dozens of portable cots for overnight emergency guests. Its floor area is approximately 5,000 square feet.</p>\n<p>A field visit to the Reformed Church (4/29/15, 11:00 am, sunny) confirmed that two rooftop solar arrays serve the church complex, one on the church roof and the other on the attached residence for young woman aging out of foster care. They appear to be 2 x 6,400 W arrays. They have a shared savings program with Sun Farm Network to pay back the $110k investment through their electricity bills over time.</p>\n<p>A natural gas-fired hot water boiler provides heating with electric circulating pumps. Domestic hot water and cooking equipment are also natural gas-fired. The dishwasher and refrigerators require electricity.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Gathering space at Reformed Church – Social Hall\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.</em></p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the Reformed Church would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 1 shows data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record.  Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system.  Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 4 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-9462328da1c723e\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the NJ Board of Public Utilities website <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/</a>.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Highland Park Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study','','inherit','closed','closed','','1025-revision-v1','','','2022-03-17 01:44:17','2022-03-17 01:44:17','',1025,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1033',0,'revision','',0),(1034,2,'2022-03-17 01:56:02','2022-03-17 01:56:02','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Highland Park Senior/Youth Center Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Highland Park Senior/Youth Center was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2>Why is it Important?<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/case-study-3-highland-park-senior-youth-center/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"></a></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of adequately equipped community gathering spaces can support basic functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable. Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency.  In the Highland Park Senior/Youth case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-HP-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Senior/Youth Center Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-1\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 1 – Senior/Youth Center Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>For whom is this useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: Youth/Senior Center</strong></h2>\n<p>The Senior/Youth Center, located next to two senior housing apartment complexes, serves as a meeting place for local senior citizens and has a wide variety of social, recreational, and daily educational activities for the benefit and enjoyment of Highland Park Seniors.</p>\n<p>A field visit to the facility (4/29/15 12:00 pm, sunny) confirms that it is a 1-story building and has ample parking right near its entrance. As one enters the building, there is a large hall on the left, currently utilized as a space for communal meals with subdividing electro-mechanical doors that can reconfigured for different events or activities, potentially serving as a community gathering space.</p>\n<p>A natural gas-fired hot water boiler heats the building with electric circulating pumps (2 x 3/4 HP). Domestic hot water is also gas-fired. The kitchen has an electric stove, dishwasher, refrigerator, and microwave oven. It is unlikely to be able to operate without a substantial backup generator because of the electric stove.</p>\n<p>Some rewiring is required to allow the Borough Hall &amp; Fire Station solar arrays to serve the Senior/Youth Center. With about (28,560 + 6,012 = 34,572 W) 35 kW peak available, there is ample power available to charge cell phones, provide electric light (at a reduced level), and run the heating hot water circulating pumps. There may also be enough electricity to operate a microwave oven, but full-service food preparation and heating are likely not achievable, depending on the season and weather patterns.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 -View of Senior/Youth Center from street entrance on S. 6th Ave.\" title_text=\"EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 2 - View of Senior/Youth Center from street entrance on S. 6th Ave.</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Electricity Demand Calculation </strong></h2>\n<p>Three questions were posed to determine critical electrical loads in the study:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must it be continuously available?</li>\n<li>Are there any affordable and convenient substitutes?</li>\n<li>What are the consequences for human health and economic costs?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>From interviews with the Senior Community Director, Ms. Kim Perkins, it is understood that the following electrical loads are critical to host any gathering of people comfortably and maintain the status quo of the facility’s operations (see Table 1).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Critical Electricity Load Calculation for the Senior/Youth Center\" title_text=\"EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Table-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Critical Electricity Load Calculation for the Senior/Youth Center</em></p>\n<p>The numbers in Table 1 illustrate four important points that help to address the questions above concerning critical electrical loads. First, the all-electric kitchen contributes greatly to the electricity load in the Senior/Youth Center. Second, lighting, and to a lesser extent the relatively simple space heating system also significantly boost electricity demand. If lighting is used mostly at night, and the stove is parsimoniously used, the total electricity demand would drop significantly. This building is smaller than the other case study buildings and the solar arrays serving it (Borough Hall, Fire Station Parking Lot) are larger, so they may be able to supply adequate electricity even in winter. Third, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) energy requirements at the Senior/Youth Center (and most other) buildings are very large. During a power emergency, it may not be possible to operate these systems, at least not based solely on a solar+battery power source. Finally, charging cellphones and laptops is less of a concern because these devices do not consume much electrical energy. However, the ability to communicate to family members and loved ones during an emergency situation is important in supporting psychological well-being.</p>\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p><strong> </strong>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the NJ Board of Public Utilities website <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the Senior/Youth Center would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 3 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-9462328da1c723e\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 1 shows recent (2016) data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record.  Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system.  Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Highland Park Senior/Youth Center Solar Islanding Study','','publish','open','closed','','highland-park-senior-youth-center-solar-islanding-study','','','2022-03-17 01:56:30','2022-03-17 01:56:30','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?post_type=project&#038;p=1034',0,'project','',0),(1035,2,'2022-03-17 01:44:29','2022-03-17 01:44:29','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1034-revision-v1','','','2022-03-17 01:44:29','2022-03-17 01:44:29','',1034,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1035',0,'revision','',0),(1038,2,'2022-03-17 01:49:23','2022-03-17 01:49:23','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Highland Park Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Highland Park Reformed Church was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2><strong>Why is it important? </strong></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of community gathering spaces can be equipped with the capability of supporting basic functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable.  Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can be expected to provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency. In the Highland Park Reformed Church case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-1\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 1 – Reformed Church Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>For Whom is This Useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: Reformed Church</strong></h2>\n<p>The Reformed Church is more than 120 years old and the complex includes sections built over many decades. As a result, the electric system is segmented and should be easy to rewire the circuits to serve critical loads for emergency scenarios.</p>\n<p>The complex has a strong record of serving as an emergency gathering place and hosted large numbers of displaced community residents during Sandy.</p>\n<p>The community room (Social Hall) of the church is equipped with a full kitchen and dozens of portable cots for overnight emergency guests. Its floor area is approximately 5,000 square feet.</p>\n<p>A field visit to the Reformed Church (4/29/15, 11:00 am, sunny) confirmed that two rooftop solar arrays serve the church complex, one on the church roof and the other on the attached residence for young woman aging out of foster care. They appear to be 2 x 6,400 W arrays. They have a shared savings program with Sun Farm Network to pay back the $110k investment through their electricity bills over time.</p>\n<p>A natural gas-fired hot water boiler provides heating with electric circulating pumps. Domestic hot water and cooking equipment are also natural gas-fired. The dishwasher and refrigerators require electricity.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 2 – Street Entrance from S. 2nd Ave (left). Rack mounted solar panels (42 X 102W) atop one of the 3 buildings at the Reformed Church (right)</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Gathering space at Reformed Church – Social Hall\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p id=\"caption-attachment-1894\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Figure 3 – Gathering space at Reformed Church – Social Hall</em></p>\n<h2><strong>Electricity Demand Calculation </strong></h2>\n<p>Three questions were posed to determine critical electrical loads in the study:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must it be continuously available?</li>\n<li>Are there any affordable and convenient substitutes?</li>\n<li>What are the consequences for human health and economic costs?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>As seen in the High School/Middle School case study, the electricity demand associated with HVAC, lighting, and cooking can be quite high (see Table 1). These uses may require paring back significantly during an outage situation where the solar system plays the predominant energy supply role. A reasonable level of electricity demand could provide phone and computer charging, and emergency lighting. Cooking could rely chiefly on natural gas-fired equipment.</p>\n<p>The Reformed Church is owned and operated by a nonprofit religious organization. It is not a part of the municipal government or the school district. It raises revenue mostly from donations, and its ability to take on debt is limited. It must meet building codes, but it does not need to follow governmental procurement processes and hence can act nimbly. The church leadership can pursue donations, grants, and third-party financing to acquire solar islanding capability.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Reformed-Church-Table-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Electricity Demand Calculation for Reformed Church Social Hall – 12 hours.</em></p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the Reformed Church would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 1 shows data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record.  Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system.  Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 4 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-9462328da1c723e\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the NJ Board of Public Utilities website <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/</a>.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Highland Park Reformed Church Solar Islanding Study','','inherit','closed','closed','','1025-revision-v1','','','2022-03-17 01:49:23','2022-03-17 01:49:23','',1025,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1038',0,'revision','',0),(1039,2,'2022-03-17 01:56:02','2022-03-17 01:56:02','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Highland Park Senior/Youth Center Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The Highland Park Senior/Youth Center was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2>Why is it Important?<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/case-study-3-highland-park-senior-youth-center/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"></a></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of adequately equipped community gathering spaces can support basic functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable. Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency.  In the Highland Park Senior/Youth case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-HP-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Senior/Youth Center Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-1\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 1 – Senior/Youth Center Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>For whom is this useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: Youth/Senior Center</strong></h2>\n<p>The Senior/Youth Center, located next to two senior housing apartment complexes, serves as a meeting place for local senior citizens and has a wide variety of social, recreational, and daily educational activities for the benefit and enjoyment of Highland Park Seniors.</p>\n<p>A field visit to the facility (4/29/15 12:00 pm, sunny) confirms that it is a 1-story building and has ample parking right near its entrance. As one enters the building, there is a large hall on the left, currently utilized as a space for communal meals with subdividing electro-mechanical doors that can reconfigured for different events or activities, potentially serving as a community gathering space.</p>\n<p>A natural gas-fired hot water boiler heats the building with electric circulating pumps (2 x 3/4 HP). Domestic hot water is also gas-fired. The kitchen has an electric stove, dishwasher, refrigerator, and microwave oven. It is unlikely to be able to operate without a substantial backup generator because of the electric stove.</p>\n<p>Some rewiring is required to allow the Borough Hall &amp; Fire Station solar arrays to serve the Senior/Youth Center. With about (28,560 + 6,012 = 34,572 W) 35 kW peak available, there is ample power available to charge cell phones, provide electric light (at a reduced level), and run the heating hot water circulating pumps. There may also be enough electricity to operate a microwave oven, but full-service food preparation and heating are likely not achievable, depending on the season and weather patterns.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 -View of Senior/Youth Center from street entrance on S. 6th Ave.\" title_text=\"EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 2 - View of Senior/Youth Center from street entrance on S. 6th Ave.</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>Electricity Demand Calculation </strong></h2>\n<p>Three questions were posed to determine critical electrical loads in the study:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must it be continuously available?</li>\n<li>Are there any affordable and convenient substitutes?</li>\n<li>What are the consequences for human health and economic costs?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>From interviews with the Senior Community Director, Ms. Kim Perkins, it is understood that the following electrical loads are critical to host any gathering of people comfortably and maintain the status quo of the facility’s operations (see Table 1).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Critical Electricity Load Calculation for the Senior/Youth Center\" title_text=\"EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Table-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Critical Electricity Load Calculation for the Senior/Youth Center</em></p>\n<p>The numbers in Table 1 illustrate four important points that help to address the questions above concerning critical electrical loads. First, the all-electric kitchen contributes greatly to the electricity load in the Senior/Youth Center. Second, lighting, and to a lesser extent the relatively simple space heating system also significantly boost electricity demand. If lighting is used mostly at night, and the stove is parsimoniously used, the total electricity demand would drop significantly. This building is smaller than the other case study buildings and the solar arrays serving it (Borough Hall, Fire Station Parking Lot) are larger, so they may be able to supply adequate electricity even in winter. Third, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) energy requirements at the Senior/Youth Center (and most other) buildings are very large. During a power emergency, it may not be possible to operate these systems, at least not based solely on a solar+battery power source. Finally, charging cellphones and laptops is less of a concern because these devices do not consume much electrical energy. However, the ability to communicate to family members and loved ones during an emergency situation is important in supporting psychological well-being.</p>\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p><strong> </strong>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the NJ Board of Public Utilities website <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the Senior/Youth Center would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 3 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-9462328da1c723e\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 1 shows recent (2016) data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record.  Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system.  Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1034-revision-v1','','','2022-03-17 01:56:02','2022-03-17 01:56:02','',1034,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1039',0,'revision','',0),(1040,2,'2022-03-17 01:56:03','2022-03-17 01:56:03','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Highland Park Senior/Youth Center Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The Highland Park Senior/Youth Center was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2>Why is it Important?<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/case-study-3-highland-park-senior-youth-center/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"></a></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of adequately equipped community gathering spaces can support basic functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable. Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency.  In the Highland Park Senior/Youth case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-HP-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Senior/Youth Center Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-1\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 1 – Senior/Youth Center Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>For whom is this useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: Youth/Senior Center</strong></h2>\n<p>The Senior/Youth Center, located next to two senior housing apartment complexes, serves as a meeting place for local senior citizens and has a wide variety of social, recreational, and daily educational activities for the benefit and enjoyment of Highland Park Seniors.</p>\n<p>A field visit to the facility (4/29/15 12:00 pm, sunny) confirms that it is a 1-story building and has ample parking right near its entrance. As one enters the building, there is a large hall on the left, currently utilized as a space for communal meals with subdividing electro-mechanical doors that can reconfigured for different events or activities, potentially serving as a community gathering space.</p>\n<p>A natural gas-fired hot water boiler heats the building with electric circulating pumps (2 x 3/4 HP). Domestic hot water is also gas-fired. The kitchen has an electric stove, dishwasher, refrigerator, and microwave oven. It is unlikely to be able to operate without a substantial backup generator because of the electric stove.</p>\n<p>Some rewiring is required to allow the Borough Hall &amp; Fire Station solar arrays to serve the Senior/Youth Center. With about (28,560 + 6,012 = 34,572 W) 35 kW peak available, there is ample power available to charge cell phones, provide electric light (at a reduced level), and run the heating hot water circulating pumps. There may also be enough electricity to operate a microwave oven, but full-service food preparation and heating are likely not achievable, depending on the season and weather patterns.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 -View of Senior/Youth Center from street entrance on S. 6th Ave.\" title_text=\"EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 2 - View of Senior/Youth Center from street entrance on S. 6th Ave.</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>Electricity Demand Calculation </strong></h2>\n<p>Three questions were posed to determine critical electrical loads in the study:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must it be continuously available?</li>\n<li>Are there any affordable and convenient substitutes?</li>\n<li>What are the consequences for human health and economic costs?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>From interviews with the Senior Community Director, Ms. Kim Perkins, it is understood that the following electrical loads are critical to host any gathering of people comfortably and maintain the status quo of the facility’s operations (see Table 1).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Critical Electricity Load Calculation for the Senior/Youth Center\" title_text=\"EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Table-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Critical Electricity Load Calculation for the Senior/Youth Center</em></p>\n<p>The numbers in Table 1 illustrate four important points that help to address the questions above concerning critical electrical loads. First, the all-electric kitchen contributes greatly to the electricity load in the Senior/Youth Center. Second, lighting, and to a lesser extent the relatively simple space heating system also significantly boost electricity demand. If lighting is used mostly at night, and the stove is parsimoniously used, the total electricity demand would drop significantly. This building is smaller than the other case study buildings and the solar arrays serving it (Borough Hall, Fire Station Parking Lot) are larger, so they may be able to supply adequate electricity even in winter. Third, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) energy requirements at the Senior/Youth Center (and most other) buildings are very large. During a power emergency, it may not be possible to operate these systems, at least not based solely on a solar+battery power source. Finally, charging cellphones and laptops is less of a concern because these devices do not consume much electrical energy. However, the ability to communicate to family members and loved ones during an emergency situation is important in supporting psychological well-being.</p>\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p><strong> </strong>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the NJ Board of Public Utilities website <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the Senior/Youth Center would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><em>Figure 3 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-9462328da1c723e\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 1 shows recent (2016) data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record.  Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system.  Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Highland Park Senior/Youth Center Solar Islanding Study','','inherit','closed','closed','','1034-revision-v1','','','2022-03-17 01:56:03','2022-03-17 01:56:03','',1034,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1040',0,'revision','',0),(1041,2,'2022-03-17 01:56:27','2022-03-17 01:56:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Highland Park Senior/Youth Center Solar Islanding Study\" subhead=\"Highland Park, NJ\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Highland Park Senior/Youth Center was one of three potentials sites for community shelters studied as part of the <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015). </a> The site fulfills at least some of the desirable traits of an emergency shelter and provides examples of community resiliency planning at the building level.</p>\n<h2>Why is it Important?<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/portfolios/case-study-3-highland-park-senior-youth-center/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"></a></h2>\n<p>Superstorm Sandy affected Highland Park and many other places following its landfall in October 2012. Among the most severe impacts for Highland Park residents were electric power outages lasting up to two weeks for portions of the municipality. This experience highlighted a need to better prepare for similar situations in the future.</p>\n<p>A set of adequately equipped community gathering spaces can support basic functions for community residents whose homes have lost power or are otherwise uninhabitable. Sheltered spaces are needed so that residents can rest comfortably, charge their phones, and have access to basic heating and cooking facilities enabled by resilient sources of electric power.</p>\n<p>Solar arrays outfitted with battery storage and islanding inverters can provide emergency “power islands” during times of storm or other grid outages. When implemented in community meeting places that can function independently of the grid, solar islanding increases community resiliency.  In the Highland Park Senior/Youth case study, the existing solar arrays if converted to solar power islands would be able ‘to provide only modest emergency’ power.</p>\n<p>Available energy also depends on season and system engineering specifications. Thus, a critical step in planning for solar islanding capabilities is to analyze power demands and associated functions that benefit from solar islanding.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-HP-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Senior/Youth Center Site\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-1\" url=\"/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Maplewood.pdf\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 1 – Senior/Youth Center Site</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>For whom is this useful? </strong></h2>\n<p>Because solar islanding has the potential to improve community resiliency, the following case study is most useful to municipalities and institutional building owners motivated to prepare community spaces for future power outages. Such institutional buildings might include schools and community shelters.</p>\n<h2><strong>Summary of Location and Resiliency Characteristics: Youth/Senior Center</strong></h2>\n<p>The Senior/Youth Center, located next to two senior housing apartment complexes, serves as a meeting place for local senior citizens and has a wide variety of social, recreational, and daily educational activities for the benefit and enjoyment of Highland Park Seniors.</p>\n<p>A field visit to the facility (4/29/15 12:00 pm, sunny) confirms that it is a 1-story building and has ample parking right near its entrance. As one enters the building, there is a large hall on the left, currently utilized as a space for communal meals with subdividing electro-mechanical doors that can reconfigured for different events or activities, potentially serving as a community gathering space.</p>\n<p>A natural gas-fired hot water boiler heats the building with electric circulating pumps (2 x 3/4 HP). Domestic hot water is also gas-fired. The kitchen has an electric stove, dishwasher, refrigerator, and microwave oven. It is unlikely to be able to operate without a substantial backup generator because of the electric stove.</p>\n<p>Some rewiring is required to allow the Borough Hall &amp; Fire Station solar arrays to serve the Senior/Youth Center. With about (28,560 + 6,012 = 34,572 W) 35 kW peak available, there is ample power available to charge cell phones, provide electric light (at a reduced level), and run the heating hot water circulating pumps. There may also be enough electricity to operate a microwave oven, but full-service food preparation and heating are likely not achievable, depending on the season and weather patterns.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 -View of Senior/Youth Center from street entrance on S. 6th Ave.\" title_text=\"EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Fig-2\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 2 - View of Senior/Youth Center from street entrance on S. 6th Ave.</em></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Electricity Demand Calculation </strong></h2>\n<p>Three questions were posed to determine critical electrical loads in the study:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Must it be continuously available?</li>\n<li>Are there any affordable and convenient substitutes?</li>\n<li>What are the consequences for human health and economic costs?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>From interviews with the Senior Community Director, Ms. Kim Perkins, it is understood that the following electrical loads are critical to host any gathering of people comfortably and maintain the status quo of the facility’s operations (see Table 1).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1 – Critical Electricity Load Calculation for the Senior/Youth Center\" title_text=\"EC-Senior-Youth-Center-Table-1\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Table 1 – Critical Electricity Load Calculation for the Senior/Youth Center</em></p>\n<p>The numbers in Table 1 illustrate four important points that help to address the questions above concerning critical electrical loads. First, the all-electric kitchen contributes greatly to the electricity load in the Senior/Youth Center. Second, lighting, and to a lesser extent the relatively simple space heating system also significantly boost electricity demand. If lighting is used mostly at night, and the stove is parsimoniously used, the total electricity demand would drop significantly. This building is smaller than the other case study buildings and the solar arrays serving it (Borough Hall, Fire Station Parking Lot) are larger, so they may be able to supply adequate electricity even in winter. Third, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) energy requirements at the Senior/Youth Center (and most other) buildings are very large. During a power emergency, it may not be possible to operate these systems, at least not based solely on a solar+battery power source. Finally, charging cellphones and laptops is less of a concern because these devices do not consume much electrical energy. However, the ability to communicate to family members and loved ones during an emergency situation is important in supporting psychological well-being.</p>\n<h2><strong>Funding Opportunities</strong></h2>\n<p><strong> </strong>New Jersey is committed to a renewable energy future, and incentives for renewable energy development often are available. For the most up-to-date information on renewable energy policy and incentive structures, visit the NJ Board of Public Utilities website <a href=\"http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/\">http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Cost Projections </strong></h2>\n<p>A resilient system solution to enable sheltering capabilities at the Senior/Youth Center would combine substantial solar photovoltaic generation with reasonably sized battery storage on site, both of which are sizeable investments.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)\" title_text=\"EC-HP-Solar-Islanding-School-Fig-3\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><em>Figure 3 – Solar array installed costs for different system sizes (Source: NREL Energy Analysis. 2016)</em></p>\n<div class=\"ecoworld_container ecoworld-layout-full-width\">\n<div class=\"ecoworld_column ecoworld_custom_two_third\">\n<div class=\"raw\">\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-9462328da1c723e\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Grid-tied solar arrays have a long history, and the costs have been coming down gradually with time, as competitive market factors have had their effect. Figure 1 shows recent (2016) data on costs for different kinds of renewable generation sources.  The most relevant match to the systems Highland Park might consider would be the “PV 100-1,000” data point, which translates to about $3.5 to $4 per Watt, installed. This price includes the inverter, fixtures, and wiring. Parking structure arrays are probably a somewhat higher cost as they involve very sturdy designs intended to withstand very high winds.  These systems might be $5/W or more, depending on the configuration.</p>\n<p>Battery systems installed to provide resilient power backup have less track record.  Also, retrofit projects added onto existing solar require an upgrade to the existing power inverter for the system.  Newer inverters can provide the islanding capability not designed into the earlier New Jersey installations.</p>\n<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SolarIslanding_Final-Submitted_7.10.2015-with-Appendices.pdf\">Highland Park Solar Islanding Project (2015)</a>. Prepared for the Borough of Highland Park, NJ by Jennifer Senick, Executive Director, Rutgers Center for Green Building; Dunbar Birnie, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Aman Trehan, Research Graduate Assistant; Nan Chen, Research Graduate Assistant; Deborah Plotnik, Program Coordinator, Rutgers Center for Green Building, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-loads/\">Energy Star Equipment and Plug Loads</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Micro-Grid Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Highland Park Senior/Youth Center Solar Islanding Study','','inherit','closed','closed','','1034-revision-v1','','','2022-03-17 01:56:27','2022-03-17 01:56:27','',1034,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1041',0,'revision','',0),(1044,2,'2022-03-22 14:10:17','2022-03-22 14:10:17','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is ENERGY STAR Equipment and Managing Plug Load Energy Use?</strong></h2>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-527 alignright \" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"301\" />ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), labels energy-efficient products and practices using third-party certified testing to guarantee quality and performance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>On average, cooking and cleaning appliances account for 9%, computers, televisions and related equipment for 10%, and other uses or miscellaneous electronic loads (MELs) or plug loads accounting for 27% of energy use in residential buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Plug load refers to any device plugged into the home’s electrical system including task lighting, televisions, kitchen appliances, and cell phone chargers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>ENERGY STAR qualified home appliances utilize advanced technologies making them 10-50% more efficient than standard appliances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a>  Replacing conventional appliances and other electronic devices at the end of their useful life with ENERGY STAR labeled products and managing plug loads can save money through reduced energy consumption and associated cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement ENERGY STAR Equipment and Mange Plug Loads</strong></h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Select ENERGY STAR certified products for the home including electronics such as computers and televisions as well as home appliances, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> and water heaters. For a complete list, see <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">ENERGY STAR certified products</a>.</li>\n<li>Check for available incentives and rebates.\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/rebate-finder\">Energy Star Rebate Finder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.dsireusa.org/\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/energy-star-product-rebates/new-jersey-energy-star-product-rebates\">NJ Clean Energy Program Residential Appliance and Lighting Incentives</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Follow the manufacturer’s instructions or hire a professional installer as poor installation can affect the performance of equipment.</li>\n<li>Manage plug loads. Eliminate or unplug unnecessary devices. Turn off or power down devices when not in use and use power management settings, timers, and advanced power plugs. Engage occupants and make sure they understand why, when, and how to power down.</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><strong>Example</strong></h4>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/Library/AcamporaESH_1pgr-v2_LR.pdf\">Acampora Residence, Barnegat, NJ</a></strong></p>\n<p>A new home built to the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/nj-energy-star-homes/nj-energy-star-homes\">NJ ENERGY STAR Homes</a> standards, the Acampora home utilizes ENERGY STAR qualified appliances and lighting. Combined with an energy-efficient HVAC system, higher R-value insulation, and high-performance windows, the home expects annual cost savings of $480 by reducing energy consumption by 1,500 kWh and 300 therms per year compared to a conventional home or similar size.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>By avoiding the need to generate electricity in the first place, energy-efficiency reduces emissions and air pollution related to producing energy including greenhouse gases, acidifying substances, ozone precursors, and particulate matter or precursors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> The installation of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment and managing plug loads in a residential building can reduce energy usage and lower energy and utility bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends product life and decreases maintenance</li>\n<li>Lower energy use and utility bills</li>\n<li>Increased resale value of an energy-efficient home</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Annual energy and costs savings often justify additional upfront costs of selecting ENERGY STAR certified products over conventional products. Rebates and incentives also help reduce upfront costs.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Use of ENERGY STAR certified products and managing plug load reduces energy usage, increasing grid reliability and reducing utility costs.</p>\n<h4>References</h4>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ENERGY STAR. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. Page 24. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> New Buildings Institute. 2012. “Plug Load Best Practices Guide: Managing Your Office Equipment Plug Load.” <a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf\">https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA Energy Star Program. Certified Products. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products\">https://www.energystar.gov/products</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Training Center. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification\">https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cee1.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ENERGY STAR</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Jersey Clean Energy Residential Programs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load','','inherit','closed','closed','','873-revision-v1','','','2022-03-22 14:10:17','2022-03-22 14:10:17','',873,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1044',0,'revision','',0),(1045,2,'2022-03-22 14:33:40','2022-03-22 14:33:40','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Design Process\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is an Integrated Design Process?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Building systems are interdependent and require cooperation and creative thinking across disciplines. An integrated design process identifies opportunities to achieve synergies across disciplines and building systems throughout the planning and design phases and beyond.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, decision-making about building shape, orientation, and window placement relates to several green building considerations and relies on the knowledge of multiple disciplines; these building envelope strategies impact heating and cooling loads as well as occupant satisfaction and even productivity, a function of thermal comfort and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> With an integrated design process that considers these multiple benefits, and sometimes trade-offs among them, it is much more likely that the building performs as intended and achieves projected cost savings.</p>\n<p>Many green building strategies also convey resiliency benefits or “the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> At the building level, these include an emphasis on daylighting, superior insulation values, thermal massing and on-site renewable energy, and water harvesting. These strategies reduce the need for electricity for lighting, cooling and other critical functions, making buildings more resilient to power outages and disruptive events.</p>\n<p>A successfully integrative design process challenges project teams to design, build, and manage high-performance homes that are both green and resilient.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_173\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1298\"]<img class=\"wp-image-173 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Integrated-Design-Process-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1.  A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process\" width=\"1298\" height=\"702\" /> Table 1. A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement an Integrated Design Process </b></strong></h2>\n<p>A truly integrated design process includes ongoing interactions among the entire project team and uses tools and modeling software to support and reinforce design integration.</p>\n<p>The following are standards and guidelines for incorporating an integrated design process.The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) <em><i>Integrative Process (IP) – ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© – Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities </i></em>identify best practices for developing an integrated process.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>The American Institute of Architect (AIA) <em><i>Integrated Project Delivery (IPD</i></em>) outlines a step-by-step process for client, design, and construction teams to achieve IPD goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><i></i></li>\n<li><em><i>LEED v4 Homes and Multifamily Midrise </i></em>credit requirements for the Integrative Process include the following three options:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>\n<ul>\n<li>Form an interdisciplinary “Integrative Project Team” that meets regularly throughout the different phases of the building project.</li>\n<li>Hold a “Design Charrette” with the project team.</li>\n<li>Hold a “Trades Training” on green project aspects before construction begins.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em><i>RELi,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup><strong><b>[7]</b></strong></sup></a></i></em> a national consensus standard for resilient design, requires a “Panoramic Approach” that includes “Pre-Planning and Discovery” and “Systems Thinking Design.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm\">Bridgeton Revitalization Project, Bridgeton, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Bridgeton Revitalization Project used an integrated design process to incorporate green affordable housing into the town’s historic district. Several public meetings were held throughout the project to garner support and to gather input from residents, neighbors and staff of the local housing authority.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The project’s unique historic location made it important to involve private stakeholders and experts early in the process, especially to coordinate the project’s utility and street improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> A whole building approach encouraged the engineers, the builder and the architect to consider sustainable materials and systems in all aspects of the project.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>This process not only created greener affordable housing for the municipality, it also ensured that the people who would be living in or near the new buildings were actively involved in determining the form that the development would take. This example illustrates how an integrated design process can help address both environmental and social issues related to a new residential development and result in a successful project.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Early coordination regarding the interactions of complex building systems can maximize effectiveness and output of these systems and reduce total project costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p>An integrated design process can result in a project that:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the opportunity to achieve more aggressive sustainability goals</li>\n<li>Optimizes energy efficiency and incorporates alternative energies</li>\n<li>Recognizes and plans for synergies between green building and resilient design</li>\n<li>Moves beyond minimizing environmental impacts to creating positive, regenerative impacts on the environment</li>\n<li>Maximizes cost effectiveness</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The integrated design process can both minimize incremental capital cost and result in operational savings. Capital cost can be redistributed to achieve high-performance goals without incremental costs. For example, the opportunity to eliminate or reduce the size of equipment or systems can offset the higher first cost of some energy efficiency strategies.  An integrated approach can also reduce operational expenditures through increased communication amongst the project team, resulting in a more efficient design.</p>\n<p>Costs associated with an integrated design process may include things like additional consultant fees to facilitate a goal-setting workshop and time and associated costs of having project team members participate in additional meetings and coordination.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>An integrated design process provides an opportunity for project teams to incorporate resilient design strategies into green building practice. Project teams may want to consider the following when identifying and evaluating green building strategies that also offer resiliency benefits.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li><em><i>Understand regional impacts:</i></em> Identify climate impacts for the building’s location.</li>\n<li><em><i>Evaluate performance targets</i>: </em>Understand how the building performs under current peak climate conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Conduct a scenario analysis:</i></em> Analyze how the building responds to projected climate impacts, modeling different system options under a variety of climatic conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Consider resilient deign strategies:</i></em> Evaluate resilient design strategies that provide passive or efficient responses to more extreme climate events such as higher or lower temperatures, greater wind speeds, and increased or decreased precipitation levels, to maintain occupant comfort while preventing increased energy use.</li>\n</ol>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. (Updated April 6, 2018). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 10. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> City of New York Department of Design and Construction. 1999. “High Performance Building Guidelines.” Page 17. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable\">http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> National Academy of Sciences. 2012. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. <a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org\">https://webstore.ansi.org</a> (Search: Integrative Process)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> American Institute of Architects (AIA). 2007. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council. Version 1. <a href=\"https://www.aia.org/resources/64146-integrated-project-delivery-a-guide\">http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> USGBC. LEED v4 Homes and Multifamily Midrise (Updated Oct 2, 2017). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 7-8. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The RELI Action List is a resource included in the RELi Green + Resilient Property Underwriting Standard. At the time of this publication, the USGBC was working to synthesize the LEED Resilient Design pilot credits with RELi’s Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation credits.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List <a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\">http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Affordable Housing Design Advisor (AHDA). New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). Bridgeton Revitalization. <a href=\"https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm\">https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm</a> (accessed March 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> AHDA. NJIT. Bridgeton Revitalization.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2014. Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings, Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. <a href=\"https://ashrae.iwrapper.com/ViewOnline/Standard_189.1-2014\">https://ashrae.iwrapper.com/ViewOnline/Standard_189.1-2014</a> (accessed Feb 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/green-basics/integrated-design\">Green Building Advisor – Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li>Green Building Rating Systems and Guidelines\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bldrs_lenders_raters.homes_guidelns\">ENERGY STAR Certified Homes Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201027152529/https://www.enterprisecommunity.org/solutions-and-innovation/disaster-recovery-and-rebuilding\">Enterprise Community – Disaster Recovery and Rebuilding</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/fortified/fortified-home/\">Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS) FORTIFIED Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phius.org/home-page\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/zero-energy-ready-home\">US DOE Zero Energy Ready Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=rerh.rerh_index\">US EPA – Renewable Energy Ready Homes (RERH)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-homes-and-multifamily-midrise-current-version\">USGBC – LEED for Homes v4</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">USGBC Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/whole-house-systems-approach\">U.S. Department of Energy – Whole-House Systems Approach</a></li>\n<li>Whole Building Design Guide\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/wbdg_approach.php\">Whole Building Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/engage_process.php\">Engage the Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Integrated Design Process','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-integrated-design-process','','\nhttps://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-modeling/','2022-06-22 20:04:18','2022-06-22 20:04:18','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1045',0,'post','',0),(1046,2,'2022-03-22 14:23:54','2022-03-22 14:23:54','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1045-revision-v1','','','2022-03-22 14:23:54','2022-03-22 14:23:54','',1045,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1046',0,'revision','',0),(1048,2,'2022-03-22 14:33:40','2022-03-22 14:33:40','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Design Process\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is an Integrated Design Process?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Building systems are interdependent and require cooperation and creative thinking across disciplines. An integrated design process identifies opportunities to achieve synergies across disciplines and building systems throughout the planning and design phases and beyond.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, decision-making about building shape, orientation, and window placement relates to several green building considerations and relies on the knowledge of multiple disciplines; these building envelope strategies impact heating and cooling loads as well as occupant satisfaction and even productivity, a function of thermal comfort and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> With an integrated design process that considers these multiple benefits, and sometimes trade-offs among them, it is much more likely that the building performs as intended and achieves projected cost savings.</p>\n<p>Many green building strategies also convey resiliency benefits or “the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> At the building level, these include an emphasis on daylighting, superior insulation values, thermal massing and on-site renewable energy, and water harvesting. These strategies reduce the need for electricity for lighting, cooling and other critical functions, making buildings more resilient to power outages and disruptive events.</p>\n<p>A successfully integrative design process challenges project teams to design, build, and manage high-performance homes that are both green and resilient.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_173\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1298\"]<img class=\"wp-image-173 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Integrated-Design-Process-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1.  A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process\" width=\"1298\" height=\"702\" /> Table 1. A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement an Integrated Design Process </b></strong></h2>\n<p>A truly integrated design process includes ongoing interactions among the entire project team and uses tools and modeling software to support and reinforce design integration.</p>\n<p>The following are standards and guidelines for incorporating an integrated design process.The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) <em><i>Integrative Process (IP) – ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© – Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities </i></em>identify best practices for developing an integrated process.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>The American Institute of Architect (AIA) <em><i>Integrated Project Delivery (IPD</i></em>) outlines a step-by-step process for client, design, and construction teams to achieve IPD goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><i></i></li>\n<li><em><i>LEED v4 Homes and Multifamily Midrise </i></em>credit requirements for the Integrative Process include the following three options:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>\n<ul>\n<li>Form an interdisciplinary “Integrative Project Team” that meets regularly throughout the different phases of the building project.</li>\n<li>Hold a “Design Charrette” with the project team.</li>\n<li>Hold a “Trades Training” on green project aspects before construction begins.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em><i>RELi,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup><strong><b>[7]</b></strong></sup></a></i></em> a national consensus standard for resilient design, requires a “Panoramic Approach” that includes “Pre-Planning and Discovery” and “Systems Thinking Design.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm\">Bridgeton Revitalization Project, Bridgeton, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Bridgeton Revitalization Project used an integrated design process to incorporate green affordable housing into the town’s historic district. Several public meetings were held throughout the project to garner support and to gather input from residents, neighbors and staff of the local housing authority.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The project’s unique historic location made it important to involve private stakeholders and experts early in the process, especially to coordinate the project’s utility and street improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> A whole building approach encouraged the engineers, the builder and the architect to consider sustainable materials and systems in all aspects of the project.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>This process not only created greener affordable housing for the municipality, it also ensured that the people who would be living in or near the new buildings were actively involved in determining the form that the development would take. This example illustrates how an integrated design process can help address both environmental and social issues related to a new residential development and result in a successful project.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Early coordination regarding the interactions of complex building systems can maximize effectiveness and output of these systems and reduce total project costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p>An integrated design process can result in a project that:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the opportunity to achieve more aggressive sustainability goals</li>\n<li>Optimizes energy efficiency and incorporates alternative energies</li>\n<li>Recognizes and plans for synergies between green building and resilient design</li>\n<li>Moves beyond minimizing environmental impacts to creating positive, regenerative impacts on the environment</li>\n<li>Maximizes cost effectiveness</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The integrated design process can both minimize incremental capital cost and result in operational savings. Capital cost can be redistributed to achieve high-performance goals without incremental costs. For example, the opportunity to eliminate or reduce the size of equipment or systems can offset the higher first cost of some energy efficiency strategies.  An integrated approach can also reduce operational expenditures through increased communication amongst the project team, resulting in a more efficient design.</p>\n<p>Costs associated with an integrated design process may include things like additional consultant fees to facilitate a goal-setting workshop and time and associated costs of having project team members participate in additional meetings and coordination.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>An integrated design process provides an opportunity for project teams to incorporate resilient design strategies into green building practice. Project teams may want to consider the following when identifying and evaluating green building strategies that also offer resiliency benefits.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li><em><i>Understand regional impacts:</i></em> Identify climate impacts for the building’s location.</li>\n<li><em><i>Evaluate performance targets</i>: </em>Understand how the building performs under current peak climate conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Conduct a scenario analysis:</i></em> Analyze how the building responds to projected climate impacts, modeling different system options under a variety of climatic conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Consider resilient deign strategies:</i></em> Evaluate resilient design strategies that provide passive or efficient responses to more extreme climate events such as higher or lower temperatures, greater wind speeds, and increased or decreased precipitation levels, to maintain occupant comfort while preventing increased energy use.</li>\n</ol>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. (Updated April 6, 2018). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 10. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> City of New York Department of Design and Construction. 1999. “High Performance Building Guidelines.” Page 17. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable\">http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> National Academy of Sciences. 2012. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. <a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org\">https://webstore.ansi.org</a> (Search: Integrative Process)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> American Institute of Architects (AIA). 2007. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council. Version 1. <a href=\"http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf\">http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> USGBC. LEED v4 Homes and Multifamily Midrise (Updated Oct 2, 2017). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 7-8. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The RELI Action List is a resource included in the RELi Green + Resilient Property Underwriting Standard. At the time of this publication, the USGBC was working to synthesize the LEED Resilient Design pilot credits with RELi’s Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation credits.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List <a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\">http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Affordable Housing Design Advisor (AHDA). New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). Bridgeton Revitalization. <a href=\"https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm\">https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm</a> (accessed March 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> AHDA. NJIT. Bridgeton Revitalization.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2014. Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings, Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. <a href=\"https://ashrae.iwrapper.com/ViewOnline/Standard_189.1-2014\">https://ashrae.iwrapper.com/ViewOnline/Standard_189.1-2014</a> (accessed Feb 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/green-basics/integrated-design\">Green Building Advisor – Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li>Green Building Rating Systems and Guidelines\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bldrs_lenders_raters.homes_guidelns\">ENERGY STAR Certified Homes Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.enterprisecommunity.org/solutions-and-innovation/disaster-recovery-and-rebuilding#section-technical-resources\">Enterprise Community – Disaster Recovery and Rebuilding</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/fortified/fortified-home/\">Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS) FORTIFIED Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phius.org/home-page\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/zero-energy-ready-home\">US DOE Zero Energy Ready Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=rerh.rerh_index\">US EPA – Renewable Energy Ready Homes (RERH)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-homes-and-multifamily-midrise-current-version\">USGBC – LEED for Homes v4</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">USGBC Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/whole-house-systems-approach\">U.S. Department of Energy – Whole-House Systems Approach</a></li>\n<li>Whole Building Design Guide\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/wbdg_approach.php\">Whole Building Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/engage_process.php\">Engage the Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li> </li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Integrated Design Process','','inherit','closed','closed','','1045-revision-v1','','','2022-03-22 14:33:40','2022-03-22 14:33:40','',1045,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1048',0,'revision','',0),(1049,2,'2022-03-22 14:33:40','2022-03-22 14:33:40','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Design Process\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is an Integrated Design Process?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Building systems are interdependent and require cooperation and creative thinking across disciplines. An integrated design process identifies opportunities to achieve synergies across disciplines and building systems throughout the planning and design phases and beyond.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, decision-making about building shape, orientation, and window placement relates to several green building considerations and relies on the knowledge of multiple disciplines; these building envelope strategies impact heating and cooling loads as well as occupant satisfaction and even productivity, a function of thermal comfort and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> With an integrated design process that considers these multiple benefits, and sometimes trade-offs among them, it is much more likely that the building performs as intended and achieves projected cost savings.</p>\n<p>Many green building strategies also convey resiliency benefits or “the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> At the building level, these include an emphasis on daylighting, superior insulation values, thermal massing and on-site renewable energy, and water harvesting. These strategies reduce the need for electricity for lighting, cooling and other critical functions, making buildings more resilient to power outages and disruptive events.</p>\n<p>A successfully integrative design process challenges project teams to design, build, and manage high-performance homes that are both green and resilient.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_173\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1298\"]<img class=\"wp-image-173 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Integrated-Design-Process-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1.  A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process\" width=\"1298\" height=\"702\" /> Table 1. A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement an Integrated Design Process </b></strong></h2>\n<p>A truly integrated design process includes ongoing interactions among the entire project team and uses tools and modeling software to support and reinforce design integration.</p>\n<p>The following are standards and guidelines for incorporating an integrated design process.The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) <em><i>Integrative Process (IP) – ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© – Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities </i></em>identify best practices for developing an integrated process.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>The American Institute of Architect (AIA) <em><i>Integrated Project Delivery (IPD</i></em>) outlines a step-by-step process for client, design, and construction teams to achieve IPD goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><i></i></li>\n<li><em><i>LEED v4 Homes and Multifamily Midrise </i></em>credit requirements for the Integrative Process include the following three options:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>\n<ul>\n<li>Form an interdisciplinary “Integrative Project Team” that meets regularly throughout the different phases of the building project.</li>\n<li>Hold a “Design Charrette” with the project team.</li>\n<li>Hold a “Trades Training” on green project aspects before construction begins.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em><i>RELi,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup><strong><b>[7]</b></strong></sup></a></i></em> a national consensus standard for resilient design, requires a “Panoramic Approach” that includes “Pre-Planning and Discovery” and “Systems Thinking Design.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm\">Bridgeton Revitalization Project, Bridgeton, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Bridgeton Revitalization Project used an integrated design process to incorporate green affordable housing into the town’s historic district. Several public meetings were held throughout the project to garner support and to gather input from residents, neighbors and staff of the local housing authority.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The project’s unique historic location made it important to involve private stakeholders and experts early in the process, especially to coordinate the project’s utility and street improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> A whole building approach encouraged the engineers, the builder and the architect to consider sustainable materials and systems in all aspects of the project.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>This process not only created greener affordable housing for the municipality, it also ensured that the people who would be living in or near the new buildings were actively involved in determining the form that the development would take. This example illustrates how an integrated design process can help address both environmental and social issues related to a new residential development and result in a successful project.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Early coordination regarding the interactions of complex building systems can maximize effectiveness and output of these systems and reduce total project costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p>An integrated design process can result in a project that:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the opportunity to achieve more aggressive sustainability goals</li>\n<li>Optimizes energy efficiency and incorporates alternative energies</li>\n<li>Recognizes and plans for synergies between green building and resilient design</li>\n<li>Moves beyond minimizing environmental impacts to creating positive, regenerative impacts on the environment</li>\n<li>Maximizes cost effectiveness</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The integrated design process can both minimize incremental capital cost and result in operational savings. Capital cost can be redistributed to achieve high-performance goals without incremental costs. For example, the opportunity to eliminate or reduce the size of equipment or systems can offset the higher first cost of some energy efficiency strategies.  An integrated approach can also reduce operational expenditures through increased communication amongst the project team, resulting in a more efficient design.</p>\n<p>Costs associated with an integrated design process may include things like additional consultant fees to facilitate a goal-setting workshop and time and associated costs of having project team members participate in additional meetings and coordination.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>An integrated design process provides an opportunity for project teams to incorporate resilient design strategies into green building practice. Project teams may want to consider the following when identifying and evaluating green building strategies that also offer resiliency benefits.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li><em><i>Understand regional impacts:</i></em> Identify climate impacts for the building’s location.</li>\n<li><em><i>Evaluate performance targets</i>: </em>Understand how the building performs under current peak climate conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Conduct a scenario analysis:</i></em> Analyze how the building responds to projected climate impacts, modeling different system options under a variety of climatic conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Consider resilient deign strategies:</i></em> Evaluate resilient design strategies that provide passive or efficient responses to more extreme climate events such as higher or lower temperatures, greater wind speeds, and increased or decreased precipitation levels, to maintain occupant comfort while preventing increased energy use.</li>\n</ol>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. (Updated April 6, 2018). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 10. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> City of New York Department of Design and Construction. 1999. “High Performance Building Guidelines.” Page 17. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable\">http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> National Academy of Sciences. 2012. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. <a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org\">https://webstore.ansi.org</a> (Search: Integrative Process)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> American Institute of Architects (AIA). 2007. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council. Version 1. <a href=\"http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf\">http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> USGBC. LEED v4 Homes and Multifamily Midrise (Updated Oct 2, 2017). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 7-8. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The RELI Action List is a resource included in the RELi Green + Resilient Property Underwriting Standard. At the time of this publication, the USGBC was working to synthesize the LEED Resilient Design pilot credits with RELi’s Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation credits.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List <a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\">http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Affordable Housing Design Advisor (AHDA). New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). Bridgeton Revitalization. <a href=\"https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm\">https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm</a> (accessed March 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> AHDA. NJIT. Bridgeton Revitalization.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2014. Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings, Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. <a href=\"https://ashrae.iwrapper.com/ViewOnline/Standard_189.1-2014\">https://ashrae.iwrapper.com/ViewOnline/Standard_189.1-2014</a> (accessed Feb 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/green-basics/integrated-design\">Green Building Advisor – Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li>Green Building Rating Systems and Guidelines\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bldrs_lenders_raters.homes_guidelns\">ENERGY STAR Certified Homes Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.enterprisecommunity.org/solutions-and-innovation/disaster-recovery-and-rebuilding#section-technical-resources\">Enterprise Community – Disaster Recovery and Rebuilding</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/fortified/fortified-home/\">Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS) FORTIFIED Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phius.org/home-page\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/zero-energy-ready-home\">US DOE Zero Energy Ready Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=rerh.rerh_index\">US EPA – Renewable Energy Ready Homes (RERH)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-homes-and-multifamily-midrise-current-version\">USGBC – LEED for Homes v4</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">USGBC Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/whole-house-systems-approach\">U.S. Department of Energy – Whole-House Systems Approach</a></li>\n<li>Whole Building Design Guide\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/wbdg_approach.php\">Whole Building Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/engage_process.php\">Engage the Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li> </li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1045-revision-v1','','','2022-03-22 14:33:40','2022-03-22 14:33:40','',1045,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1049',0,'revision','',0),(1050,2,'2022-03-22 14:33:44','2022-03-22 14:33:44','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Design Process\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is an Integrated Design Process?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Building systems are interdependent and require cooperation and creative thinking across disciplines. An integrated design process identifies opportunities to achieve synergies across disciplines and building systems throughout the planning and design phases and beyond.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, decision-making about building shape, orientation, and window placement relates to several green building considerations and relies on the knowledge of multiple disciplines; these building envelope strategies impact heating and cooling loads as well as occupant satisfaction and even productivity, a function of thermal comfort and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> With an integrated design process that considers these multiple benefits, and sometimes trade-offs among them, it is much more likely that the building performs as intended and achieves projected cost savings.</p>\n<p>Many green building strategies also convey resiliency benefits or “the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> At the building level, these include an emphasis on daylighting, superior insulation values, thermal massing and on-site renewable energy, and water harvesting. These strategies reduce the need for electricity for lighting, cooling and other critical functions, making buildings more resilient to power outages and disruptive events.</p>\n<p>A successfully integrative design process challenges project teams to design, build, and manage high-performance homes that are both green and resilient.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_173\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1298\"]<img class=\"wp-image-173 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Integrated-Design-Process-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1.  A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process\" width=\"1298\" height=\"702\" /> Table 1. A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement an Integrated Design Process </b></strong></h2>\n<p>A truly integrated design process includes ongoing interactions among the entire project team and uses tools and modeling software to support and reinforce design integration.</p>\n<p>The following are standards and guidelines for incorporating an integrated design process.The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) <em><i>Integrative Process (IP) – ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© – Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities </i></em>identify best practices for developing an integrated process.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>The American Institute of Architect (AIA) <em><i>Integrated Project Delivery (IPD</i></em>) outlines a step-by-step process for client, design, and construction teams to achieve IPD goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><i></i></li>\n<li><em><i>LEED v4 Homes and Multifamily Midrise </i></em>credit requirements for the Integrative Process include the following three options:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>\n<ul>\n<li>Form an interdisciplinary “Integrative Project Team” that meets regularly throughout the different phases of the building project.</li>\n<li>Hold a “Design Charrette” with the project team.</li>\n<li>Hold a “Trades Training” on green project aspects before construction begins.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em><i>RELi,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup><strong><b>[7]</b></strong></sup></a></i></em> a national consensus standard for resilient design, requires a “Panoramic Approach” that includes “Pre-Planning and Discovery” and “Systems Thinking Design.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm\">Bridgeton Revitalization Project, Bridgeton, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Bridgeton Revitalization Project used an integrated design process to incorporate green affordable housing into the town’s historic district. Several public meetings were held throughout the project to garner support and to gather input from residents, neighbors and staff of the local housing authority.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The project’s unique historic location made it important to involve private stakeholders and experts early in the process, especially to coordinate the project’s utility and street improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> A whole building approach encouraged the engineers, the builder and the architect to consider sustainable materials and systems in all aspects of the project.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>This process not only created greener affordable housing for the municipality, it also ensured that the people who would be living in or near the new buildings were actively involved in determining the form that the development would take. This example illustrates how an integrated design process can help address both environmental and social issues related to a new residential development and result in a successful project.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Early coordination regarding the interactions of complex building systems can maximize effectiveness and output of these systems and reduce total project costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p>An integrated design process can result in a project that:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the opportunity to achieve more aggressive sustainability goals</li>\n<li>Optimizes energy efficiency and incorporates alternative energies</li>\n<li>Recognizes and plans for synergies between green building and resilient design</li>\n<li>Moves beyond minimizing environmental impacts to creating positive, regenerative impacts on the environment</li>\n<li>Maximizes cost effectiveness</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The integrated design process can both minimize incremental capital cost and result in operational savings. Capital cost can be redistributed to achieve high-performance goals without incremental costs. For example, the opportunity to eliminate or reduce the size of equipment or systems can offset the higher first cost of some energy efficiency strategies.  An integrated approach can also reduce operational expenditures through increased communication amongst the project team, resulting in a more efficient design.</p>\n<p>Costs associated with an integrated design process may include things like additional consultant fees to facilitate a goal-setting workshop and time and associated costs of having project team members participate in additional meetings and coordination.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>An integrated design process provides an opportunity for project teams to incorporate resilient design strategies into green building practice. Project teams may want to consider the following when identifying and evaluating green building strategies that also offer resiliency benefits.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li><em><i>Understand regional impacts:</i></em> Identify climate impacts for the building’s location.</li>\n<li><em><i>Evaluate performance targets</i>: </em>Understand how the building performs under current peak climate conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Conduct a scenario analysis:</i></em> Analyze how the building responds to projected climate impacts, modeling different system options under a variety of climatic conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Consider resilient deign strategies:</i></em> Evaluate resilient design strategies that provide passive or efficient responses to more extreme climate events such as higher or lower temperatures, greater wind speeds, and increased or decreased precipitation levels, to maintain occupant comfort while preventing increased energy use.</li>\n</ol>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. (Updated April 6, 2018). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 10. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> City of New York Department of Design and Construction. 1999. “High Performance Building Guidelines.” Page 17. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable\">http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> National Academy of Sciences. 2012. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. <a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org\">https://webstore.ansi.org</a> (Search: Integrative Process)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> American Institute of Architects (AIA). 2007. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council. Version 1. <a href=\"http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf\">http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> USGBC. LEED v4 Homes and Multifamily Midrise (Updated Oct 2, 2017). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 7-8. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The RELI Action List is a resource included in the RELi Green + Resilient Property Underwriting Standard. At the time of this publication, the USGBC was working to synthesize the LEED Resilient Design pilot credits with RELi’s Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation credits.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List <a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\">http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Affordable Housing Design Advisor (AHDA). New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). Bridgeton Revitalization. <a href=\"https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm\">https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm</a> (accessed March 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> AHDA. NJIT. Bridgeton Revitalization.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2014. Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings, Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. <a href=\"https://ashrae.iwrapper.com/ViewOnline/Standard_189.1-2014\">https://ashrae.iwrapper.com/ViewOnline/Standard_189.1-2014</a> (accessed Feb 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/green-basics/integrated-design\">Green Building Advisor – Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li>Green Building Rating Systems and Guidelines\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bldrs_lenders_raters.homes_guidelns\">ENERGY STAR Certified Homes Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.enterprisecommunity.org/solutions-and-innovation/disaster-recovery-and-rebuilding#section-technical-resources\">Enterprise Community – Disaster Recovery and Rebuilding</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/fortified/fortified-home/\">Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS) FORTIFIED Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phius.org/home-page\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/zero-energy-ready-home\">US DOE Zero Energy Ready Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=rerh.rerh_index\">US EPA – Renewable Energy Ready Homes (RERH)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-homes-and-multifamily-midrise-current-version\">USGBC – LEED for Homes v4</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">USGBC Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/whole-house-systems-approach\">U.S. Department of Energy – Whole-House Systems Approach</a></li>\n<li>Whole Building Design Guide\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/wbdg_approach.php\">Whole Building Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/engage_process.php\">Engage the Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li> </li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Integrated Design Process','','inherit','closed','closed','','1045-revision-v1','','','2022-03-22 14:33:44','2022-03-22 14:33:44','',1045,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1050',0,'revision','',0),(1051,2,'2022-03-22 14:34:28','2022-03-22 14:34:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Design Process\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is an Integrated Design Process?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Building systems are interdependent and require cooperation and creative thinking across disciplines. An integrated design process identifies opportunities to achieve synergies across disciplines and building systems throughout the planning and design phases and beyond.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, decision-making about building shape, orientation, and window placement relates to several green building considerations and relies on the knowledge of multiple disciplines; these building envelope strategies impact heating and cooling loads as well as occupant satisfaction and even productivity, a function of thermal comfort and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> With an integrated design process that considers these multiple benefits, and sometimes trade-offs among them, it is much more likely that the building performs as intended and achieves projected cost savings.</p>\n<p>Many green building strategies also convey resiliency benefits or “the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> At the building level, these include an emphasis on daylighting, superior insulation values, thermal massing and on-site renewable energy, and water harvesting. These strategies reduce the need for electricity for lighting, cooling and other critical functions, making buildings more resilient to power outages and disruptive events.</p>\n<p>A successfully integrative design process challenges project teams to design, build, and manage high-performance homes that are both green and resilient.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_173\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1298\"]<img class=\"wp-image-173 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Integrated-Design-Process-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1.  A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process\" width=\"1298\" height=\"702\" /> Table 1. A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement an Integrated Design Process </b></strong></h2>\n<p>A truly integrated design process includes ongoing interactions among the entire project team and uses tools and modeling software to support and reinforce design integration.</p>\n<p>The following are standards and guidelines for incorporating an integrated design process.The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) <em><i>Integrative Process (IP) – ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© – Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities </i></em>identify best practices for developing an integrated process.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>The American Institute of Architect (AIA) <em><i>Integrated Project Delivery (IPD</i></em>) outlines a step-by-step process for client, design, and construction teams to achieve IPD goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><i></i></li>\n<li><em><i>LEED v4 Homes and Multifamily Midrise </i></em>credit requirements for the Integrative Process include the following three options:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>\n<ul>\n<li>Form an interdisciplinary “Integrative Project Team” that meets regularly throughout the different phases of the building project.</li>\n<li>Hold a “Design Charrette” with the project team.</li>\n<li>Hold a “Trades Training” on green project aspects before construction begins.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><em><i>RELi,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup><strong><b>[7]</b></strong></sup></a></i></em> a national consensus standard for resilient design, requires a “Panoramic Approach” that includes “Pre-Planning and Discovery” and “Systems Thinking Design.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm\">Bridgeton Revitalization Project, Bridgeton, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Bridgeton Revitalization Project used an integrated design process to incorporate green affordable housing into the town’s historic district. Several public meetings were held throughout the project to garner support and to gather input from residents, neighbors and staff of the local housing authority.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The project’s unique historic location made it important to involve private stakeholders and experts early in the process, especially to coordinate the project’s utility and street improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> A whole building approach encouraged the engineers, the builder and the architect to consider sustainable materials and systems in all aspects of the project.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>This process not only created greener affordable housing for the municipality, it also ensured that the people who would be living in or near the new buildings were actively involved in determining the form that the development would take. This example illustrates how an integrated design process can help address both environmental and social issues related to a new residential development and result in a successful project.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Early coordination regarding the interactions of complex building systems can maximize effectiveness and output of these systems and reduce total project costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p>An integrated design process can result in a project that:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the opportunity to achieve more aggressive sustainability goals</li>\n<li>Optimizes energy efficiency and incorporates alternative energies</li>\n<li>Recognizes and plans for synergies between green building and resilient design</li>\n<li>Moves beyond minimizing environmental impacts to creating positive, regenerative impacts on the environment</li>\n<li>Maximizes cost effectiveness</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The integrated design process can both minimize incremental capital cost and result in operational savings. Capital cost can be redistributed to achieve high-performance goals without incremental costs. For example, the opportunity to eliminate or reduce the size of equipment or systems can offset the higher first cost of some energy efficiency strategies.  An integrated approach can also reduce operational expenditures through increased communication amongst the project team, resulting in a more efficient design.</p>\n<p>Costs associated with an integrated design process may include things like additional consultant fees to facilitate a goal-setting workshop and time and associated costs of having project team members participate in additional meetings and coordination.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>An integrated design process provides an opportunity for project teams to incorporate resilient design strategies into green building practice. Project teams may want to consider the following when identifying and evaluating green building strategies that also offer resiliency benefits.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li><em><i>Understand regional impacts:</i></em> Identify climate impacts for the building’s location.</li>\n<li><em><i>Evaluate performance targets</i>: </em>Understand how the building performs under current peak climate conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Conduct a scenario analysis:</i></em> Analyze how the building responds to projected climate impacts, modeling different system options under a variety of climatic conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Consider resilient deign strategies:</i></em> Evaluate resilient design strategies that provide passive or efficient responses to more extreme climate events such as higher or lower temperatures, greater wind speeds, and increased or decreased precipitation levels, to maintain occupant comfort while preventing increased energy use.</li>\n</ol>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. (Updated April 6, 2018). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 10. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> City of New York Department of Design and Construction. 1999. “High Performance Building Guidelines.” Page 17. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable\">http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> National Academy of Sciences. 2012. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. <a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org\">https://webstore.ansi.org</a> (Search: Integrative Process)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> American Institute of Architects (AIA). 2007. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council. Version 1. <a href=\"http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf\">http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> USGBC. LEED v4 Homes and Multifamily Midrise (Updated Oct 2, 2017). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 7-8. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The RELI Action List is a resource included in the RELi Green + Resilient Property Underwriting Standard. At the time of this publication, the USGBC was working to synthesize the LEED Resilient Design pilot credits with RELi’s Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation credits.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List <a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\">http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Affordable Housing Design Advisor (AHDA). New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). Bridgeton Revitalization. <a href=\"https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm\">https://web.njit.edu/abs/green/bridgeton.htm</a> (accessed March 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> AHDA. NJIT. Bridgeton Revitalization.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2014. Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings, Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. <a href=\"https://ashrae.iwrapper.com/ViewOnline/Standard_189.1-2014\">https://ashrae.iwrapper.com/ViewOnline/Standard_189.1-2014</a> (accessed Feb 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/green-basics/integrated-design\">Green Building Advisor – Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li>Green Building Rating Systems and Guidelines\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bldrs_lenders_raters.homes_guidelns\">ENERGY STAR Certified Homes Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.enterprisecommunity.org/solutions-and-innovation/disaster-recovery-and-rebuilding#section-technical-resources\">Enterprise Community – Disaster Recovery and Rebuilding</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/fortified/fortified-home/\">Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS) FORTIFIED Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phius.org/home-page\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/zero-energy-ready-home\">US DOE Zero Energy Ready Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=rerh.rerh_index\">US EPA – Renewable Energy Ready Homes (RERH)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-homes-and-multifamily-midrise-current-version\">USGBC – LEED for Homes v4</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">USGBC Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/whole-house-systems-approach\">U.S. Department of Energy – Whole-House Systems Approach</a></li>\n<li>Whole Building Design Guide\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/wbdg_approach.php\">Whole Building Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/engage_process.php\">Engage the Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li> </li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Integrated Design Process','','inherit','closed','closed','','1045-revision-v1','','','2022-03-22 14:34:28','2022-03-22 14:34:28','',1045,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1051',0,'revision','',0),(1054,2,'2022-03-22 14:41:34','2022-03-22 14:41:34','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is ENERGY STAR Equipment and Managing Plug Load Energy Use?</strong></h2>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-527 alignright \" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"301\" />ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), labels energy-efficient products and practices using third-party certified testing to guarantee quality and performance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>On average, cooking and cleaning appliances account for 9%, computers, televisions and related equipment for 10%, and other uses or miscellaneous electronic loads (MELs) or plug loads accounting for 27% of energy use in residential buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Plug load refers to any device plugged into the home’s electrical system including task lighting, televisions, kitchen appliances, and cell phone chargers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>ENERGY STAR qualified home appliances utilize advanced technologies making them 10-50% more efficient than standard appliances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a>  Replacing conventional appliances and other electronic devices at the end of their useful life with ENERGY STAR labeled products and managing plug loads can save money through reduced energy consumption and associated cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement ENERGY STAR Equipment and Mange Plug Loads</strong></h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Select ENERGY STAR certified products for the home including electronics such as computers and televisions as well as home appliances, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> and water heaters. For a complete list, see <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">ENERGY STAR certified products</a>.</li>\n<li>Check for available incentives and rebates.\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/rebate-finder\">Energy Star Rebate Finder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.dsireusa.org/\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/energy-star-product-rebates/new-jersey-energy-star-product-rebates\">NJ Clean Energy Program Residential Appliance and Lighting Incentives</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Follow the manufacturer’s instructions or hire a professional installer as poor installation can affect the performance of equipment.</li>\n<li>Manage plug loads. Eliminate or unplug unnecessary devices. Turn off or power down devices when not in use and use power management settings, timers, and advanced power plugs. Engage occupants and make sure they understand why, when, and how to power down.</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><strong>Example</strong></h4>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/Library/AcamporaESH_1pgr-v2_LR.pdf\">Acampora Residence, Barnegat, NJ</a></strong></p>\n<p>A new home built to the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/nj-energy-star-homes/nj-energy-star-homes\">NJ ENERGY STAR Homes</a> standards, the Acampora home utilizes ENERGY STAR qualified appliances and lighting. Combined with an energy-efficient HVAC system, higher R-value insulation, and high-performance windows, the home expects annual cost savings of $480 by reducing energy consumption by 1,500 kWh and 300 therms per year compared to a conventional home or similar size.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>By avoiding the need to generate electricity in the first place, energy-efficiency reduces emissions and air pollution related to producing energy including greenhouse gases, acidifying substances, ozone precursors, and particulate matter or precursors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> The installation of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment and managing plug loads in a residential building can reduce energy usage and lower energy and utility bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends product life and decreases maintenance</li>\n<li>Lower energy use and utility bills</li>\n<li>Increased resale value of an energy-efficient home</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Annual energy and costs savings often justify additional upfront costs of selecting ENERGY STAR certified products over conventional products. Rebates and incentives also help reduce upfront costs.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Use of ENERGY STAR certified products and managing plug load reduces energy usage, increasing grid reliability and reducing utility costs.</p>\n<h4>References</h4>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ENERGY STAR. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. Page 24. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> New Buildings Institute. 2012. “Plug Load Best Practices Guide: Managing Your Office Equipment Plug Load.” <a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf\">https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA Energy Star Program. Certified Products. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products\">https://www.energystar.gov/products</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Training Center. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification\">https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cee1.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ENERGY STAR</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Jersey Clean Energy Residential Programs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load','','publish','open','closed','','nr-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-load','','','2022-03-22 14:41:34','2022-03-22 14:41:34','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/et_body_layout/nr-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-load/',0,'et_body_layout','',0),(1056,2,'2022-03-22 14:43:08','2022-03-22 14:43:08','','Default Website Template','','publish','closed','closed','','default-website-template','','','2022-03-22 14:43:08','2022-03-22 14:43:08','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/et_template/default-website-template/',0,'et_template','',0),(1057,2,'2022-03-22 14:43:09','2022-03-22 14:43:09','','Blog','','publish','closed','closed','','blog','','','2022-03-22 14:43:09','2022-03-22 14:43:09','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/et_template/blog/',0,'et_template','',0),(1058,2,'2022-03-22 14:43:13','2022-03-22 14:43:13','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is ENERGY STAR Equipment and Managing Plug Load Energy Use?</strong></h2>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-527 alignright \" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"301\" />ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), labels energy-efficient products and practices using third-party certified testing to guarantee quality and performance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>On average, cooking and cleaning appliances account for 9%, computers, televisions and related equipment for 10%, and other uses or miscellaneous electronic loads (MELs) or plug loads accounting for 27% of energy use in residential buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Plug load refers to any device plugged into the home’s electrical system including task lighting, televisions, kitchen appliances, and cell phone chargers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>ENERGY STAR qualified home appliances utilize advanced technologies making them 10-50% more efficient than standard appliances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a>  Replacing conventional appliances and other electronic devices at the end of their useful life with ENERGY STAR labeled products and managing plug loads can save money through reduced energy consumption and associated cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement ENERGY STAR Equipment and Mange Plug Loads</strong></h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Select ENERGY STAR certified products for the home including electronics such as computers and televisions as well as home appliances, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> and water heaters. For a complete list, see <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">ENERGY STAR certified products</a>.</li>\n<li>Check for available incentives and rebates.\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/rebate-finder\">Energy Star Rebate Finder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.dsireusa.org/\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/energy-star-product-rebates/new-jersey-energy-star-product-rebates\">NJ Clean Energy Program Residential Appliance and Lighting Incentives</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Follow the manufacturer’s instructions or hire a professional installer as poor installation can affect the performance of equipment.</li>\n<li>Manage plug loads. Eliminate or unplug unnecessary devices. Turn off or power down devices when not in use and use power management settings, timers, and advanced power plugs. Engage occupants and make sure they understand why, when, and how to power down.</li>\n</ol>\n<h4><strong>Example</strong></h4>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/Library/AcamporaESH_1pgr-v2_LR.pdf\">Acampora Residence, Barnegat, NJ</a></strong></p>\n<p>A new home built to the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/nj-energy-star-homes/nj-energy-star-homes\">NJ ENERGY STAR Homes</a> standards, the Acampora home utilizes ENERGY STAR qualified appliances and lighting. Combined with an energy-efficient HVAC system, higher R-value insulation, and high-performance windows, the home expects annual cost savings of $480 by reducing energy consumption by 1,500 kWh and 300 therms per year compared to a conventional home or similar size.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>By avoiding the need to generate electricity in the first place, energy-efficiency reduces emissions and air pollution related to producing energy including greenhouse gases, acidifying substances, ozone precursors, and particulate matter or precursors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> The installation of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment and managing plug loads in a residential building can reduce energy usage and lower energy and utility bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends product life and decreases maintenance</li>\n<li>Lower energy use and utility bills</li>\n<li>Increased resale value of an energy-efficient home</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Annual energy and costs savings often justify additional upfront costs of selecting ENERGY STAR certified products over conventional products. Rebates and incentives also help reduce upfront costs.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Use of ENERGY STAR certified products and managing plug load reduces energy usage, increasing grid reliability and reducing utility costs.</p>\n<h4>References</h4>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ENERGY STAR. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. Page 24. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> New Buildings Institute. 2012. “Plug Load Best Practices Guide: Managing Your Office Equipment Plug Load.” <a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf\">https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA Energy Star Program. Certified Products. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products\">https://www.energystar.gov/products</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Training Center. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification\">https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cee1.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ENERGY STAR</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Jersey Clean Energy Residential Programs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load','','publish','open','closed','','nr-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-load-2','','','2022-03-22 14:43:13','2022-03-22 14:43:13','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/et_body_layout/nr-energy-star-equipment-and-plug-load-2/',0,'et_body_layout','',0),(1059,2,'2022-03-22 14:43:40','2022-03-22 14:43:40','','Theme Builder','','publish','closed','closed','','theme-builder','','','2022-03-22 14:43:40','2022-03-22 14:43:40','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/et_theme_builder/theme-builder/',0,'et_theme_builder','',0),(1060,2,'2022-03-22 14:43:40','2022-03-22 14:43:40','','Default Website Template','','publish','closed','closed','','default-website-template-2','','','2022-03-22 14:43:40','2022-03-22 14:43:40','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/et_template/default-website-template-2/',0,'et_template','',0),(1061,2,'2022-03-22 14:43:40','2022-03-22 14:43:40','','Blog','','publish','closed','closed','','blog-2','','','2022-03-22 14:43:40','2022-03-22 14:43:40','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/et_template/blog-2/',0,'et_template','',0),(1064,2,'2022-03-22 14:51:09','2022-03-22 14:51:09','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"New Residential Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green homes with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing homes. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>The Residential Buildings section includes strategies for new single-family homes. Many of the strategies also pertain to existing single-family homes and support energy-efficient and green home improvement projects that provide resiliency benefits. Whether building a new home or upgrading old systems, new and existing homeowners have the opportunity to select ENERGY STAR equipment, including high-efficiency water heaters, and HVAC equipment. Likewise, all homeowners can incorporate grid back-up capabilities (based on individualized risk factors and site opportunities) and consider storm preparation and planning for disruptive events.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"5\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','New Residential','','inherit','closed','closed','','1003-autosave-v1','','','2022-03-22 14:51:09','2022-03-22 14:51:09','',1003,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1064',0,'revision','',0),(1066,2,'2022-03-28 16:03:10','2022-03-28 16:03:10','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Design Process\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is an Integrated Design Process?</h2>\n<p>Building systems are interdependent and require cooperation and creative thinking across disciplines. An integrated design process identifies opportunities to achieve synergies across disciplines and building systems throughout the planning and design phases and beyond.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, decision-making about building shape, orientation, and window placement relate to several green building considerations and relies on the knowledge of multiple disciplines; these building envelope strategies impact heating and cooling loads as well as occupant satisfaction and even productivity, a function of thermal comfort and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> With an integrated design process that considers these multiple benefits, and sometimes trade-offs among them, it is much more likely that the building performs as intended and achieves projected cost savings.</p>\n<p>Many green building strategies also convey resiliency benefits or “the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> At the building level, these include an emphasis on daylighting, superior insulation values, thermal massing and on-site renewable energy, and water harvesting. These strategies reduce the need for electricity for lighting, cooling, and other critical functions, making buildings more resilient to power outages and disruptive events.</p>\n<p>A successful integrative design process challenges project teams to design, build, and manage high-performance buildings that are both green and resilient.</p>\n<p>Table 1.  A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process</p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\"><strong><b>Conventional Design Process</b></strong></td>\n<td width=\"318\"><strong><b>Integrated Design Process</b></strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Involves team members only when essential.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Inclusive from the outset.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Less time, energy, and collaboration in the early stages, but more time spent on the latter end.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Front-loaded time and energy, but far less time spent later on during the project.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">More decisions made by fewer people.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Decisions influenced by a broad team.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Linear process.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Iterative process.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Systems often considered in isolation.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Whole-systems thinking.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Limited or constrained optimization.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Allows for full optimization.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Diminished opportunity for green building and resilient synergies.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Maximizes opportunity for green building and resilient synergies.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Emphasizes upfront costs.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Utilizes life-cycle costing.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Typically finished upon construction.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">The process can continue through post-occupancy.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Higher potential for cost overruns, delays, and change orders.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Planning/iterative process minimizes costs overruns, delays, and change orders.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement an Integrated Design Process</b></strong></h2>\n<p>A truly integrated design process includes ongoing interactions among the entire project team and uses tools and modeling software to support and reinforce design integration.</p>\n<p>The following are standards and guidelines for incorporating an integrated design process.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) <em><i>Integrative Process (IP) – ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© – Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities </i></em>identify best practices for developing an integrated process.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></li>\n<li>The American Institute of Architect (AIA) <em><i>Integrated Project Delivery (IPD</i></em>) outlines a step-by-step process for the client, design, and construction teams to achieve IPD goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li><em><i>LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction</i></em> credit requirements for the Integrative Process include an analysis of at least two energy-related systems (i.e., shading, renewable energy opportunities), and two water-related systems (i.e., on-site rainwater and graywater, cooling tower water demand), and documentation on how this analysis informed building site and design decisions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li><em><i>RELi,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup><strong><b>[7]</b></strong></sup></a></i></em> a national consensus standard for resilient design requires a “Panoramic Approach” that includes “Pre-Planning and Discovery” and “Systems Thinking Design.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chesapeake Bay Brock Environmental Center, Virginia Beach, VA.</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_457\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"2560\"]<img class=\"wp-image-457 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/integrateddesignprocess-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"The Brock Environmental Center project team used an Integrative Design Process to incorporate green and resilient building features. (Source: Wikimedia Commons).\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1702\" /> The Brock Environmental Center project team used an Integrative Design Process to incorporate green and resilient building features. (Source: Wikimedia Commons).[/caption]<p>The integrated design process for the Brock Environmental Center included early charrettes with the client and neighbors, collaboration with the architect, engineer, owner, green consultant, and contractor throughout the design process, and a full-day, pre-design charrette with stakeholders from all design disciplines including local officials, community representatives, and Living Building Challenge (LBC) and LEED experts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Energy and climate simulation tools informed the decision to utilize on-site wind energy and early discussions with regulatory agencies made possible the collection of rainwater for potable use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Early coordination regarding the interactions of complex building systems can maximize the effectiveness and output of these systems and reduce total project costs.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process can result in a project that:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the opportunity to achieve more aggressive sustainability goals</li>\n<li>Optimizes energy efficiency and incorporates alternative energy solutions</li>\n<li>Recognizes and plans for synergies between green building and resilient design</li>\n<li>Moves beyond minimizing environmental impacts to creating positive, regenerative impacts on the environment</li>\n<li>Maximizes cost effectiveness</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The integrated design process can both minimize incremental capital cost and result in operational savings. Capital cost can be redistributed to achieve high-performance goals without incremental costs. For example, the opportunity to eliminate or reduce the size of equipment or systems can offset the higher first cost of some energy efficiency strategies.  An integrated approach can also reduce operational expenditures through increased communication amongst the project team, resulting in a more efficient design.</p>\n<p>Costs associated with an integrated design process may include things like additional consultant fees to facilitate a goal-setting workshop and time and associated costs of having project team members participate in additional meetings and coordination.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>An integrated design process provides an opportunity for project teams to incorporate resilient design strategies into green building practice. Project teams may want to consider the following when identifying and evaluating green building strategies that also offer resiliency benefits.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li><em><i>Understand regional impacts:</i></em> Identify climate impacts for the building’s location.</li>\n<li><em><i>Evaluate performance targets</i>: </em>Understand how the building performs under current peak climate conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Conduct a scenario analysis:</i></em> Analyze how the building responds to projected climate impacts, modeling different system options under a variety of climatic conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Consider resilient design strategies:</i></em> Evaluate resilient design strategies that provide passive or efficient responses to more extreme climate events such as higher or lower temperatures, higher wind speeds, and increased or decreased precipitation levels, to maintain occupant comfort while preventing increased energy use.</li>\n</ol>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. (Updated April 6, 2018). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 10. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> City of New York Department of Design and Construction. 1999. “High-Performance Building Guidelines.” Page 17. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable\">http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> National Academy of Sciences. 2012. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. <a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org/\">https://webstore.ansi.org</a> (Search: Integrative Process)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> American Institute of Architects (AIA). 2007. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council. Version 1. <a href=\"https://www.aia.org/resources/64146-integrated-project-delivery-a-guide\">http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Ibid, Credit. Integrative Process, Page 10-11.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The RELI Action List is a resource included in the RELi Green + Resilient Property Underwriting Standard. At the time of this publication, the USGBC was working to synthesize the LEED Resilient Design pilot credits with RELi’s Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation credits.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List <a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\">http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The International Living Future Institute (ILFI). 2016. Case Study: The Chesapeake Bay Brock Environmental Center. <a href=\"https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/\">https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018)</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><strong>Green Building Rating Systems and Standards</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asce.org/envision/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) – Envision Rating System</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/lbc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Living Future Institute (ILFI) – Living Building Challenge</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Other</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. (Search: Integrative Process)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.aia.org/resources/64146-integrated-project-delivery-a-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council (2007). Version 1.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/orr/index.page\">NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/whole-building-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sustainable Facilities Tool Kit (GSA) -Integrative Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/plan/261/integrative-design-process\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Whole Building Design Guide (WGBD) – Whole Building Approach</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Integrated Design Process','','publish','closed','open','','nc-integrated-design-process','','','2022-06-22 20:00:40','2022-06-22 20:00:40','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1066',0,'post','',0),(1067,2,'2022-03-28 15:57:58','2022-03-28 15:57:58','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1066-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 15:57:58','2022-03-28 15:57:58','',1066,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1067',0,'revision','',0),(1069,2,'2022-03-28 16:03:10','2022-03-28 16:03:10','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Design Process\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is an Integrated Design Process?</h2>\n<p>Building systems are interdependent and require cooperation and creative thinking across disciplines. An integrated design process identifies opportunities to achieve synergies across disciplines and building systems throughout the planning and design phases and beyond.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, decision-making about building shape, orientation, and window placement relate to several green building considerations and relies on the knowledge of multiple disciplines; these building envelope strategies impact heating and cooling loads as well as occupant satisfaction and even productivity, a function of thermal comfort and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> With an integrated design process that considers these multiple benefits, and sometimes trade-offs among them, it is much more likely that the building performs as intended and achieves projected cost savings.</p>\n<p>Many green building strategies also convey resiliency benefits or “the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> At the building level, these include an emphasis on daylighting, superior insulation values, thermal massing and on-site renewable energy, and water harvesting. These strategies reduce the need for electricity for lighting, cooling, and other critical functions, making buildings more resilient to power outages and disruptive events.</p>\n<p>A successful integrative design process challenges project teams to design, build, and manage high-performance buildings that are both green and resilient.</p>\n<p>Table 1.  A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process</p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\"><strong><b>Conventional Design Process</b></strong></td>\n<td width=\"318\"><strong><b>Integrated Design Process</b></strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Involves team members only when essential.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Inclusive from the outset.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Less time, energy, and collaboration in the early stages, but more time spent on the latter end.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Front-loaded time and energy, but far less time spent later on during the project.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">More decisions made by fewer people.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Decisions influenced by a broad team.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Linear process.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Iterative process.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Systems often considered in isolation.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Whole-systems thinking.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Limited or constrained optimization.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Allows for full optimization.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Diminished opportunity for green building and resilient synergies.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Maximizes opportunity for green building and resilient synergies.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Emphasizes upfront costs.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Utilizes life-cycle costing.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Typically finished upon construction.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">The process can continue through post-occupancy.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Higher potential for cost overruns, delays, and change orders.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Planning/iterative process minimizes costs overruns, delays, and change orders.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement an Integrated Design Process</b></strong></h2>\n<p>A truly integrated design process includes ongoing interactions among the entire project team and uses tools and modeling software to support and reinforce design integration.</p>\n<p>The following are standards and guidelines for incorporating an integrated design process.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) <em><i>Integrative Process (IP) – ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© – Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities </i></em>identify best practices for developing an integrated process.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></li>\n<li>The American Institute of Architect (AIA) <em><i>Integrated Project Delivery (IPD</i></em>) outlines a step-by-step process for the client, design, and construction teams to achieve IPD goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li><em><i>LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction</i></em> credit requirements for the Integrative Process include an analysis of at least two energy-related systems (i.e., shading, renewable energy opportunities), and two water-related systems (i.e., on-site rainwater and graywater, cooling tower water demand), and documentation on how this analysis informed building site and design decisions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li><em><i>RELi,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup><strong><b>[7]</b></strong></sup></a></i></em> a national consensus standard for resilient design requires a “Panoramic Approach” that includes “Pre-Planning and Discovery” and “Systems Thinking Design.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chesapeake Bay Brock Environmental Center, Virginia Beach, VA.</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_457\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"2560\"]<img class=\"wp-image-457 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/integrateddesignprocess-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"The Brock Environmental Center project team used an Integrative Design Process to incorporate green and resilient building features. (Source: Wikimedia Commons).\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1702\" /> The Brock Environmental Center project team used an Integrative Design Process to incorporate green and resilient building features. (Source: Wikimedia Commons).[/caption]<p>The integrated design process for the Brock Environmental Center included early charrettes with the client and neighbors, collaboration with the architect, engineer, owner, green consultant, and contractor throughout the design process, and a full-day, pre-design charrette with stakeholders from all design disciplines including local officials, community representatives, and Living Building Challenge (LBC) and LEED experts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Energy and climate simulation tools informed the decision to utilize on-site wind energy and early discussions with regulatory agencies made possible the collection of rainwater for potable use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Early coordination regarding the interactions of complex building systems can maximize the effectiveness and output of these systems and reduce total project costs.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process can result in a project that:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the opportunity to achieve more aggressive sustainability goals</li>\n<li>Optimizes energy efficiency and incorporates alternative energy solutions</li>\n<li>Recognizes and plans for synergies between green building and resilient design</li>\n<li>Moves beyond minimizing environmental impacts to creating positive, regenerative impacts on the environment</li>\n<li>Maximizes cost effectiveness</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The integrated design process can both minimize incremental capital cost and result in operational savings. Capital cost can be redistributed to achieve high-performance goals without incremental costs. For example, the opportunity to eliminate or reduce the size of equipment or systems can offset the higher first cost of some energy efficiency strategies.  An integrated approach can also reduce operational expenditures through increased communication amongst the project team, resulting in a more efficient design.</p>\n<p>Costs associated with an integrated design process may include things like additional consultant fees to facilitate a goal-setting workshop and time and associated costs of having project team members participate in additional meetings and coordination.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>An integrated design process provides an opportunity for project teams to incorporate resilient design strategies into green building practice. Project teams may want to consider the following when identifying and evaluating green building strategies that also offer resiliency benefits.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li><em><i>Understand regional impacts:</i></em> Identify climate impacts for the building’s location.</li>\n<li><em><i>Evaluate performance targets</i>: </em>Understand how the building performs under current peak climate conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Conduct a scenario analysis:</i></em> Analyze how the building responds to projected climate impacts, modeling different system options under a variety of climatic conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Consider resilient design strategies:</i></em> Evaluate resilient design strategies that provide passive or efficient responses to more extreme climate events such as higher or lower temperatures, higher wind speeds, and increased or decreased precipitation levels, to maintain occupant comfort while preventing increased energy use.</li>\n</ol>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. (Updated April 6, 2018). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 10. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> City of New York Department of Design and Construction. 1999. “High-Performance Building Guidelines.” Page 17. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable\">http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> National Academy of Sciences. 2012. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. <a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org/\">https://webstore.ansi.org</a> (Search: Integrative Process)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> American Institute of Architects (AIA). 2007. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council. Version 1. <a href=\"http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf\">http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Ibid, Credit. Integrative Process, Page 10-11.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The RELI Action List is a resource included in the RELi Green + Resilient Property Underwriting Standard. At the time of this publication, the USGBC was working to synthesize the LEED Resilient Design pilot credits with RELi’s Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation credits.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List <a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\">http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The International Living Future Institute (ILFI). 2016. Case Study: The Chesapeake Bay Brock Environmental Center. <a href=\"https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/\">https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018)</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><strong>Green Building Rating Systems and Standards</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asce.org/envision/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) – Envision Rating System</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/lbc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Living Future Institute (ILFI) – Living Building Challenge</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Other</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. (Search: Integrative Process)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council (2007). Version 1.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/orr/index.page\">NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/whole-building-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sustainable Facilities Tool Kit (GSA) -Integrative Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/plan/261/integrative-design-process\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Whole Building Design Guide (WGBD) – Whole Building Approach</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS','','inherit','closed','closed','','1066-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:03:10','2022-03-28 16:03:10','',1066,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1069',0,'revision','',0),(1070,2,'2022-03-28 16:03:10','2022-03-28 16:03:10','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Design Process\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is an Integrated Design Process?</h2>\n<p>Building systems are interdependent and require cooperation and creative thinking across disciplines. An integrated design process identifies opportunities to achieve synergies across disciplines and building systems throughout the planning and design phases and beyond.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, decision-making about building shape, orientation, and window placement relate to several green building considerations and relies on the knowledge of multiple disciplines; these building envelope strategies impact heating and cooling loads as well as occupant satisfaction and even productivity, a function of thermal comfort and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> With an integrated design process that considers these multiple benefits, and sometimes trade-offs among them, it is much more likely that the building performs as intended and achieves projected cost savings.</p>\n<p>Many green building strategies also convey resiliency benefits or “the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> At the building level, these include an emphasis on daylighting, superior insulation values, thermal massing and on-site renewable energy, and water harvesting. These strategies reduce the need for electricity for lighting, cooling, and other critical functions, making buildings more resilient to power outages and disruptive events.</p>\n<p>A successful integrative design process challenges project teams to design, build, and manage high-performance buildings that are both green and resilient.</p>\n<p>Table 1.  A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process</p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\"><strong><b>Conventional Design Process</b></strong></td>\n<td width=\"318\"><strong><b>Integrated Design Process</b></strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Involves team members only when essential.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Inclusive from the outset.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Less time, energy, and collaboration in the early stages, but more time spent on the latter end.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Front-loaded time and energy, but far less time spent later on during the project.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">More decisions made by fewer people.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Decisions influenced by a broad team.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Linear process.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Iterative process.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Systems often considered in isolation.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Whole-systems thinking.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Limited or constrained optimization.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Allows for full optimization.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Diminished opportunity for green building and resilient synergies.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Maximizes opportunity for green building and resilient synergies.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Emphasizes upfront costs.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Utilizes life-cycle costing.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Typically finished upon construction.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">The process can continue through post-occupancy.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Higher potential for cost overruns, delays, and change orders.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Planning/iterative process minimizes costs overruns, delays, and change orders.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement an Integrated Design Process</b></strong></h2>\n<p>A truly integrated design process includes ongoing interactions among the entire project team and uses tools and modeling software to support and reinforce design integration.</p>\n<p>The following are standards and guidelines for incorporating an integrated design process.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) <em><i>Integrative Process (IP) – ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© – Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities </i></em>identify best practices for developing an integrated process.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></li>\n<li>The American Institute of Architect (AIA) <em><i>Integrated Project Delivery (IPD</i></em>) outlines a step-by-step process for the client, design, and construction teams to achieve IPD goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li><em><i>LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction</i></em> credit requirements for the Integrative Process include an analysis of at least two energy-related systems (i.e., shading, renewable energy opportunities), and two water-related systems (i.e., on-site rainwater and graywater, cooling tower water demand), and documentation on how this analysis informed building site and design decisions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li><em><i>RELi,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup><strong><b>[7]</b></strong></sup></a></i></em> a national consensus standard for resilient design requires a “Panoramic Approach” that includes “Pre-Planning and Discovery” and “Systems Thinking Design.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chesapeake Bay Brock Environmental Center, Virginia Beach, VA.</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_457\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"2560\"]<img class=\"wp-image-457 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/integrateddesignprocess-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"The Brock Environmental Center project team used an Integrative Design Process to incorporate green and resilient building features. (Source: Wikimedia Commons).\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1702\" /> The Brock Environmental Center project team used an Integrative Design Process to incorporate green and resilient building features. (Source: Wikimedia Commons).[/caption]<p>The integrated design process for the Brock Environmental Center included early charrettes with the client and neighbors, collaboration with the architect, engineer, owner, green consultant, and contractor throughout the design process, and a full-day, pre-design charrette with stakeholders from all design disciplines including local officials, community representatives, and Living Building Challenge (LBC) and LEED experts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Energy and climate simulation tools informed the decision to utilize on-site wind energy and early discussions with regulatory agencies made possible the collection of rainwater for potable use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Early coordination regarding the interactions of complex building systems can maximize the effectiveness and output of these systems and reduce total project costs.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process can result in a project that:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the opportunity to achieve more aggressive sustainability goals</li>\n<li>Optimizes energy efficiency and incorporates alternative energy solutions</li>\n<li>Recognizes and plans for synergies between green building and resilient design</li>\n<li>Moves beyond minimizing environmental impacts to creating positive, regenerative impacts on the environment</li>\n<li>Maximizes cost effectiveness</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The integrated design process can both minimize incremental capital cost and result in operational savings. Capital cost can be redistributed to achieve high-performance goals without incremental costs. For example, the opportunity to eliminate or reduce the size of equipment or systems can offset the higher first cost of some energy efficiency strategies.  An integrated approach can also reduce operational expenditures through increased communication amongst the project team, resulting in a more efficient design.</p>\n<p>Costs associated with an integrated design process may include things like additional consultant fees to facilitate a goal-setting workshop and time and associated costs of having project team members participate in additional meetings and coordination.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>An integrated design process provides an opportunity for project teams to incorporate resilient design strategies into green building practice. Project teams may want to consider the following when identifying and evaluating green building strategies that also offer resiliency benefits.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li><em><i>Understand regional impacts:</i></em> Identify climate impacts for the building’s location.</li>\n<li><em><i>Evaluate performance targets</i>: </em>Understand how the building performs under current peak climate conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Conduct a scenario analysis:</i></em> Analyze how the building responds to projected climate impacts, modeling different system options under a variety of climatic conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Consider resilient design strategies:</i></em> Evaluate resilient design strategies that provide passive or efficient responses to more extreme climate events such as higher or lower temperatures, higher wind speeds, and increased or decreased precipitation levels, to maintain occupant comfort while preventing increased energy use.</li>\n</ol>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. (Updated April 6, 2018). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 10. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> City of New York Department of Design and Construction. 1999. “High-Performance Building Guidelines.” Page 17. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable\">http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> National Academy of Sciences. 2012. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. <a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org/\">https://webstore.ansi.org</a> (Search: Integrative Process)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> American Institute of Architects (AIA). 2007. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council. Version 1. <a href=\"http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf\">http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Ibid, Credit. Integrative Process, Page 10-11.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The RELI Action List is a resource included in the RELi Green + Resilient Property Underwriting Standard. At the time of this publication, the USGBC was working to synthesize the LEED Resilient Design pilot credits with RELi’s Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation credits.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List <a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\">http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The International Living Future Institute (ILFI). 2016. Case Study: The Chesapeake Bay Brock Environmental Center. <a href=\"https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/\">https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018)</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><strong>Green Building Rating Systems and Standards</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asce.org/envision/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) – Envision Rating System</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/lbc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Living Future Institute (ILFI) – Living Building Challenge</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Other</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. (Search: Integrative Process)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council (2007). Version 1.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/orr/index.page\">NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/whole-building-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sustainable Facilities Tool Kit (GSA) -Integrative Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/plan/261/integrative-design-process\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Whole Building Design Guide (WGBD) – Whole Building Approach</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1066-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:03:10','2022-03-28 16:03:10','',1066,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1070',0,'revision','',0),(1072,2,'2022-03-28 16:03:13','2022-03-28 16:03:13','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Design Process\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is an Integrated Design Process?</h2>\n<p>Building systems are interdependent and require cooperation and creative thinking across disciplines. An integrated design process identifies opportunities to achieve synergies across disciplines and building systems throughout the planning and design phases and beyond.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, decision-making about building shape, orientation, and window placement relate to several green building considerations and relies on the knowledge of multiple disciplines; these building envelope strategies impact heating and cooling loads as well as occupant satisfaction and even productivity, a function of thermal comfort and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> With an integrated design process that considers these multiple benefits, and sometimes trade-offs among them, it is much more likely that the building performs as intended and achieves projected cost savings.</p>\n<p>Many green building strategies also convey resiliency benefits or “the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> At the building level, these include an emphasis on daylighting, superior insulation values, thermal massing and on-site renewable energy, and water harvesting. These strategies reduce the need for electricity for lighting, cooling, and other critical functions, making buildings more resilient to power outages and disruptive events.</p>\n<p>A successful integrative design process challenges project teams to design, build, and manage high-performance buildings that are both green and resilient.</p>\n<p>Table 1.  A Comparison of a Conventional and Integrated Design Process</p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\"><strong><b>Conventional Design Process</b></strong></td>\n<td width=\"318\"><strong><b>Integrated Design Process</b></strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Involves team members only when essential.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Inclusive from the outset.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Less time, energy, and collaboration in the early stages, but more time spent on the latter end.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Front-loaded time and energy, but far less time spent later on during the project.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">More decisions made by fewer people.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Decisions influenced by a broad team.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Linear process.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Iterative process.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Systems often considered in isolation.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Whole-systems thinking.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Limited or constrained optimization.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Allows for full optimization.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Diminished opportunity for green building and resilient synergies.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Maximizes opportunity for green building and resilient synergies.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Emphasizes upfront costs.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Utilizes life-cycle costing.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Typically finished upon construction.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">The process can continue through post-occupancy.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"306\">Higher potential for cost overruns, delays, and change orders.</td>\n<td width=\"318\">Planning/iterative process minimizes costs overruns, delays, and change orders.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement an Integrated Design Process</b></strong></h2>\n<p>A truly integrated design process includes ongoing interactions among the entire project team and uses tools and modeling software to support and reinforce design integration.</p>\n<p>The following are standards and guidelines for incorporating an integrated design process.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) <em><i>Integrative Process (IP) – ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© – Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities </i></em>identify best practices for developing an integrated process.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></li>\n<li>The American Institute of Architect (AIA) <em><i>Integrated Project Delivery (IPD</i></em>) outlines a step-by-step process for the client, design, and construction teams to achieve IPD goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li><em><i>LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction</i></em> credit requirements for the Integrative Process include an analysis of at least two energy-related systems (i.e., shading, renewable energy opportunities), and two water-related systems (i.e., on-site rainwater and graywater, cooling tower water demand), and documentation on how this analysis informed building site and design decisions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li><em><i>RELi,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup><strong><b>[7]</b></strong></sup></a></i></em> a national consensus standard for resilient design requires a “Panoramic Approach” that includes “Pre-Planning and Discovery” and “Systems Thinking Design.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chesapeake Bay Brock Environmental Center, Virginia Beach, VA.</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_457\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"2560\"]<img class=\"wp-image-457 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/integrateddesignprocess-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"The Brock Environmental Center project team used an Integrative Design Process to incorporate green and resilient building features. (Source: Wikimedia Commons).\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1702\" /> The Brock Environmental Center project team used an Integrative Design Process to incorporate green and resilient building features. (Source: Wikimedia Commons).[/caption]<p>The integrated design process for the Brock Environmental Center included early charrettes with the client and neighbors, collaboration with the architect, engineer, owner, green consultant, and contractor throughout the design process, and a full-day, pre-design charrette with stakeholders from all design disciplines including local officials, community representatives, and Living Building Challenge (LBC) and LEED experts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Energy and climate simulation tools informed the decision to utilize on-site wind energy and early discussions with regulatory agencies made possible the collection of rainwater for potable use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Early coordination regarding the interactions of complex building systems can maximize the effectiveness and output of these systems and reduce total project costs.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process can result in a project that:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the opportunity to achieve more aggressive sustainability goals</li>\n<li>Optimizes energy efficiency and incorporates alternative energy solutions</li>\n<li>Recognizes and plans for synergies between green building and resilient design</li>\n<li>Moves beyond minimizing environmental impacts to creating positive, regenerative impacts on the environment</li>\n<li>Maximizes cost effectiveness</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The integrated design process can both minimize incremental capital cost and result in operational savings. Capital cost can be redistributed to achieve high-performance goals without incremental costs. For example, the opportunity to eliminate or reduce the size of equipment or systems can offset the higher first cost of some energy efficiency strategies.  An integrated approach can also reduce operational expenditures through increased communication amongst the project team, resulting in a more efficient design.</p>\n<p>Costs associated with an integrated design process may include things like additional consultant fees to facilitate a goal-setting workshop and time and associated costs of having project team members participate in additional meetings and coordination.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>An integrated design process provides an opportunity for project teams to incorporate resilient design strategies into green building practice. Project teams may want to consider the following when identifying and evaluating green building strategies that also offer resiliency benefits.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li><em><i>Understand regional impacts:</i></em> Identify climate impacts for the building’s location.</li>\n<li><em><i>Evaluate performance targets</i>: </em>Understand how the building performs under current peak climate conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Conduct a scenario analysis:</i></em> Analyze how the building responds to projected climate impacts, modeling different system options under a variety of climatic conditions.</li>\n<li><em><i>Consider resilient design strategies:</i></em> Evaluate resilient design strategies that provide passive or efficient responses to more extreme climate events such as higher or lower temperatures, higher wind speeds, and increased or decreased precipitation levels, to maintain occupant comfort while preventing increased energy use.</li>\n</ol>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. (Updated April 6, 2018). Credit. Integrative Process. Page 10. <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/\">https://new.usgbc.org</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> City of New York Department of Design and Construction. 1999. “High-Performance Building Guidelines.” Page 17. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable\">http://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/resources/publications.page#sustainable</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> National Academy of Sciences. 2012. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. <a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org/\">https://webstore.ansi.org</a> (Search: Integrative Process)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> American Institute of Architects (AIA). 2007. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council. Version 1. <a href=\"http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf\">http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Ibid, Credit. Integrative Process, Page 10-11.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The RELI Action List is a resource included in the RELi Green + Resilient Property Underwriting Standard. At the time of this publication, the USGBC was working to synthesize the LEED Resilient Design pilot credits with RELi’s Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation credits.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List <a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\">http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The International Living Future Institute (ILFI). 2016. Case Study: The Chesapeake Bay Brock Environmental Center. <a href=\"https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/\">https://trimtab.living-future.org/case-study/brock-environmental-center/</a> (accessed June 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018)</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<p><strong>Green Building Rating Systems and Standards</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asce.org/envision/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) – Envision Rating System</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=13783\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The C3 Living Design Project – RELi Standards and Action List</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/lbc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Living Future Institute (ILFI) – Living Building Challenge</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Other</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://webstore.ansi.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Integrative Process (IP)© ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide© <em><i>February 2, 2012, </i></em>for Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings and Communities. (Search: Integrative Process)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://aiad8.prod.acquia-sites.com/sites/default/files/2017-02/Integrated%20Project%20Delivery%20Guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide by the AIA and the AIA California Council (2007). Version 1.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/orr/index.page\">NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/whole-building-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sustainable Facilities Tool Kit (GSA) -Integrative Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/plan/261/integrative-design-process\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Whole Building Design Guide (WGBD) – Whole Building Approach</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Integrated Design Process','','inherit','closed','closed','','1066-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:03:13','2022-03-28 16:03:13','',1066,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1072',0,'revision','',0),(1073,2,'2022-03-28 16:14:36','2022-03-28 16:14:36','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Building Information Modeling (BIM)\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Building Information Modeling (BIM)?</strong></h2>\n<p>Building Information Modeling (BIM) forms a digital representation of a building’s physical and functional characteristics and calculates information about the facility that can be used by all project team stakeholders to make decisions about the design, construction, maintenance, and operations of a building throughout its life-cycle.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Combining graphical information, such as plans and elevations, and nongraphical information, such as costs, specifications, schedules and maintenance requirements, into a BIM model results in a single source of information.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_20\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"968\"]<img class=\"wp-image-20 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/NC_BIM_1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Building Information Modeling (BIM) from the US General Service Administration. (Source: GSA)\" width=\"968\" height=\"648\" /> Figure 1 – Building Information Modeling (BIM) from the US General Service Administration. (Source: GSA)[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Building Information Modeling (BIM)</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designate a ‘Project BIM Manager’ or a lead design and a lead construction ‘Project BIM Manager’ with knowledge and experience working with BIM and selected software. Provide ongoing BIM training to all building stakeholders responsible for inputting, extracting, modifying, and analyzing the data (see <em>Integrated Design Process and Energy Modeling</em>).</p>\n<p>The National Institute of Building Sciences’s, <em><i>The National Building Information Modeling Guide for Owners (NBGO),</i></em>guides building owners on how to incorporate BIM into internal policies and contract documents.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium\">Metlife Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Metlife Stadium project team used BIM to track and monitor supply chain performance, including production status, quality control, delivery, site preparation and installation of over 3,200 pre-cast concrete panels, reducing the construction period by 10 days and saving $1 million.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS.</a></p>\n<p>BIM was used in the construction of the Information Technology Laboratory to overlay design, construction, and subcontractor information, and identify and resolve potential issues of conflict before costly rework was necessary.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>BIM coordinates information sharing among building stakeholders across multiple project phases that result in more informed decision making and eliminates the re-gathering and re-formatting of building information.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>BIM also serves as a “clash detection tool,” by identifying potential design, construction, and operational inconsistencies, and cuts costs and reduces waste by avoiding rework.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The following table highlights the results of a survey conducted by Dodge Data and Analytics on the benefits of BIM.</p>\n<p>Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_202\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1456\"]<img class=\"wp-image-202 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-BIM-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM\" width=\"1456\" height=\"594\" /> Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing BIM varies widely, depending on the project team’s expertise using BIM, the complexity of the project, and other building process considerations. Costs include training, software, and organizational changes required to implement BIM technology.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Lower building costs and efficient construction timelines associated with BIM projects can often offset these upfront costs.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>BIM enhances the resilience of the built environment and construction industry in the “pre-disaster phase and post-disaster phases.”<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> In the design phase, BIM can conduct scenario forecasting to predict the performance of a facility during emergencies, such as fire, flood, evacuation, and others.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> BIM also can enhance the post-disaster phase by providing building information to first responders and allowing them to direct building occupants to the nearest exit.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a>Computer Integrated Construction Research Program. BIM Project Execution Planning Guide – Version 2.1. Pennsylvania State University (2011). <a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">http://bim.psu.edu</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a>NIST. National BIM Guide for Owners (2012). <a href=\"https://www.nibs.org/news/national-bim-guide-owners-now-available-public-review\">http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/nbgo/Natl_BIM_Guide_for_Owners.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a>NIST. National BIM Guide for Owners (2012).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a>Skanska. Metlife Stadium Sustainability Case Study. <a href=\"https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium/sustainability\">https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium/sustainability</a> (accessed May 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a>Jonathan Boone. 2017. “Building Information Modeling becomes everyday business.” US Army Corps of Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory. <a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>National Institute of Building Sciences – Whole Building Design Guide – Building Information Modeling (BIM) <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/bim\">https://www.wbdg.org/building-information-modeling-bim</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Jonathan Boone. 2017. “Building Information Modeling becomes everyday business.” US Army Corps of Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory. <a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>Dodge Data and Analytics. (2017). Measuring the Impact of BIM on Complex Buildings. <a href=\"https://www.usa.skanska.com/siteassets/what-we-deliver/services/bim--vdc/value-to-clients/measuring-the-impact-of-bim-on-complex-buildings-2015f.pdf\">https://www.usa.skanska.com/siteassets/what-we-deliver/services/bim--vdc/value-to-clients/measuring-the-impact-of-bim-on-complex-buildings-2015f.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a>Dippold, Cory. “Effective Implementation of BIM.” November 26, 2008. <em><i>Engineering News-Record</i></em>. <a href=\"http://enr.construction.com/opinions/viewPoint/2008/1126-BIMImplementation.asp\">http://enr.construction.com/opinions/viewPoint/2008/1126-BIMImplementation.asp</a> (accessed March 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a>National Institute of Building Sciences. <em><i>Journal of Building Information Modeling</i></em>. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/green-engineering\">https://www.epa.gov/green-engineering</a> (accessed March 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a>Sertyesilisik, Begum. 2017. Building Information Modeling as a Tool for Enhancing Disaster Resilience of the Construction Industry. <em><i>Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series</i></em>. 12(1): 9-18.<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180730021002/https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/tvsbses.2017.12.issue-1/tvsbses-2017-0002/tvsbses-2017-0002.pdf\">https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/tvsbses.2017.12.issue-1/tvsbses-2017-0002/tvsbses-2017-0002.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a>Kreider, Ralph G., and Messner, John I. (2013). “The Uses of BIM: Classifying and Selecting BIM Uses.” Version 0.9, September, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. <a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">http://bim.psu.edu</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a>Sertyesilisik, Begum. 2017.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nationalbimstandard.org/\">National Institute of Building Sciences buildingSMART alliance®, <em><i>National BIM Standard-United States® Version 3 </i></em>(2015).</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/bim\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) – Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">Penn State Computer Integrated Construction – BIM Execution Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Building Information Modeling (BIM)','','publish','closed','open','','nc-building-information-modeling-bim','','\nhttps://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/','2022-06-22 20:14:57','2022-06-22 20:14:57','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1073',0,'post','',0),(1074,2,'2022-03-28 16:04:00','2022-03-28 16:04:00','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1073-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:04:00','2022-03-28 16:04:00','',1073,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1074',0,'revision','',0),(1076,2,'2022-03-28 16:14:36','2022-03-28 16:14:36','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Building Information Modeling (BIM)\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Building Information Modeling (BIM)?</strong></h2>\n<p>Building Information Modeling (BIM) forms a digital representation of a building’s physical and functional characteristics and calculates information about the facility that can be used by all project team stakeholders to make decisions about the design, construction, maintenance, and operations of a building throughout its life-cycle.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Combining graphical information, such as plans and elevations, and nongraphical information, such as costs, specifications, schedules and maintenance requirements, into a BIM model results in a single source of information.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_20\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"968\"]<img class=\"wp-image-20 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/NC_BIM_1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Building Information Modeling (BIM) from the US General Service Administration. (Source: GSA)\" width=\"968\" height=\"648\" /> Figure 1 – Building Information Modeling (BIM) from the US General Service Administration. (Source: GSA)[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Building Information Modeling (BIM)</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designate a ‘Project BIM Manager’ or a lead design and a lead construction ‘Project BIM Manager’ with knowledge and experience working with BIM and selected software. Provide ongoing BIM training to all building stakeholders responsible for inputting, extracting, modifying, and analyzing the data (see <em>Integrated Design Process and Energy Modeling</em>).</p>\n<p>The National Institute of Building Sciences’s, <em><i>The National Building Information Modeling Guide for Owners (NBGO),</i></em>guides building owners on how to incorporate BIM into internal policies and contract documents.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium\">Metlife Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Metlife Stadium project team used BIM to track and monitor supply chain performance, including production status, quality control, delivery, site preparation and installation of over 3,200 pre-cast concrete panels, reducing the construction period by 10 days and saving $1 million.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS.</a></p>\n<p>BIM was used in the construction of the Information Technology Laboratory to overlay design, construction, and subcontractor information, and identify and resolve potential issues of conflict before costly rework was necessary.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>BIM coordinates information sharing among building stakeholders across multiple project phases that result in more informed decision making and eliminates the re-gathering and re-formatting of building information.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>BIM also serves as a “clash detection tool,” by identifying potential design, construction, and operational inconsistencies, and cuts costs and reduces waste by avoiding rework.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The following table highlights the results of a survey conducted by Dodge Data and Analytics on the benefits of BIM.</p>\n<p>Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_202\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1456\"]<img class=\"wp-image-202 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-BIM-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM\" width=\"1456\" height=\"594\" /> Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing BIM varies widely, depending on the project team’s expertise using BIM, the complexity of the project, and other building process considerations. Costs include training, software, and organizational changes required to implement BIM technology.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Lower building costs and efficient construction timelines associated with BIM projects can often offset these upfront costs.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>BIM enhances the resilience of the built environment and construction industry in the “pre-disaster phase and post-disaster phases.”<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> In the design phase, BIM can conduct scenario forecasting to predict the performance of a facility during emergencies, such as fire, flood, evacuation, and others.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> BIM also can enhance the post-disaster phase by providing building information to first responders and allowing them to direct building occupants to the nearest exit.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a>Computer Integrated Construction Research Program. BIM Project Execution Planning Guide – Version 2.1. Pennsylvania State University (2011). <a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">http://bim.psu.edu</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a>NIST. National BIM Guide for Owners (2012). <a href=\"http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/nbgo/Natl_BIM_Guide_for_Owners.pdf\">http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/nbgo/Natl_BIM_Guide_for_Owners.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a>NIST. National BIM Guide for Owners (2012).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a>Skanska. Metlife Stadium Sustainability Case Study. <a href=\"https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium/sustainability\">https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium/sustainability</a> (accessed May 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a>Jonathan Boone. 2017. “Building Information Modeling becomes everyday business.” US Army Corps of Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory. <a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>National Institute of Building Sciences – Whole Building Design Guide – Building Information Modeling (BIM) <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/building-information-modeling-bim\">https://www.wbdg.org/building-information-modeling-bim</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Jonathan Boone. 2017. “Building Information Modeling becomes everyday business.” US Army Corps of Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory. <a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>Dodge Data and Analytics. (2017). Measuring the Impact of BIM on Complex Buildings. <a href=\"http://images.marketing.construction.com/Web/DDA/%7B58808ff6-d717-4e28-a100-02b30d337866%7D_Measuring_the_Impact_of_BIM_on_Complex_Buildings.pdf\">http://images.marketing.construction.com/Web/DDA/%7B58808ff6-d717-4e28-a100-02b30d337866%7D_Measuring_the_Impact_of_BIM_on_Complex_Buildings.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a>Dippold, Cory. “Effective Implementation of BIM.” November 26, 2008. <em><i>Engineering News-Record</i></em>. <a href=\"http://enr.construction.com/opinions/viewPoint/2008/1126-BIMImplementation.asp\">http://enr.construction.com/opinions/viewPoint/2008/1126-BIMImplementation.asp</a> (accessed March 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a>National Institute of Building Sciences. <em><i>Journal of Building Information Modeling</i></em>. <a href=\"https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/jnibs/jbim_fall10.pdf?hhSearchTerms=%22journal+and+building+and+information+and+modeling%22\">https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/jnibs/jbim_fall10.pdf?hhSearchTerms=%22journal+and+building+and+information+and+modeling%22</a> (accessed March 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a>Sertyesilisik, Begum. 2017. Building Information Modeling as a Tool for Enhancing Disaster Resilience of the Construction Industry. <em><i>Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series</i></em>. 12(1): 9-18.<a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/tvsbses.2017.12.issue-1/tvsbses-2017-0002/tvsbses-2017-0002.pdf\">https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/tvsbses.2017.12.issue-1/tvsbses-2017-0002/tvsbses-2017-0002.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a>Kreider, Ralph G., and Messner, John I. (2013). “The Uses of BIM: Classifying and Selecting BIM Uses.” Version 0.9, September, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. <a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">http://bim.psu.edu</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a>Sertyesilisik, Begum. 2017.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nationalbimstandard.org/\">National Institute of Building Sciences buildingSMART alliance®, <em><i>National BIM Standard-United States® Version 3 </i></em>(2015).</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/building-information-modeling-bim\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) – Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">Penn State Computer Integrated Construction – BIM Execution Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Building Information Modeling (BIM)','','inherit','closed','closed','','1073-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:14:36','2022-03-28 16:14:36','',1073,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1076',0,'revision','',0),(1077,2,'2022-03-28 16:14:36','2022-03-28 16:14:36','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Building Information Modeling (BIM)\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Building Information Modeling (BIM)?</strong></h2>\n<p>Building Information Modeling (BIM) forms a digital representation of a building’s physical and functional characteristics and calculates information about the facility that can be used by all project team stakeholders to make decisions about the design, construction, maintenance, and operations of a building throughout its life-cycle.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Combining graphical information, such as plans and elevations, and nongraphical information, such as costs, specifications, schedules and maintenance requirements, into a BIM model results in a single source of information.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_20\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"968\"]<img class=\"wp-image-20 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/NC_BIM_1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Building Information Modeling (BIM) from the US General Service Administration. (Source: GSA)\" width=\"968\" height=\"648\" /> Figure 1 – Building Information Modeling (BIM) from the US General Service Administration. (Source: GSA)[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Building Information Modeling (BIM)</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designate a ‘Project BIM Manager’ or a lead design and a lead construction ‘Project BIM Manager’ with knowledge and experience working with BIM and selected software. Provide ongoing BIM training to all building stakeholders responsible for inputting, extracting, modifying, and analyzing the data (see <em>Integrated Design Process and Energy Modeling</em>).</p>\n<p>The National Institute of Building Sciences’s, <em><i>The National Building Information Modeling Guide for Owners (NBGO),</i></em>guides building owners on how to incorporate BIM into internal policies and contract documents.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium\">Metlife Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Metlife Stadium project team used BIM to track and monitor supply chain performance, including production status, quality control, delivery, site preparation and installation of over 3,200 pre-cast concrete panels, reducing the construction period by 10 days and saving $1 million.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS.</a></p>\n<p>BIM was used in the construction of the Information Technology Laboratory to overlay design, construction, and subcontractor information, and identify and resolve potential issues of conflict before costly rework was necessary.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>BIM coordinates information sharing among building stakeholders across multiple project phases that result in more informed decision making and eliminates the re-gathering and re-formatting of building information.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>BIM also serves as a “clash detection tool,” by identifying potential design, construction, and operational inconsistencies, and cuts costs and reduces waste by avoiding rework.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The following table highlights the results of a survey conducted by Dodge Data and Analytics on the benefits of BIM.</p>\n<p>Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_202\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1456\"]<img class=\"wp-image-202 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-BIM-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM\" width=\"1456\" height=\"594\" /> Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing BIM varies widely, depending on the project team’s expertise using BIM, the complexity of the project, and other building process considerations. Costs include training, software, and organizational changes required to implement BIM technology.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Lower building costs and efficient construction timelines associated with BIM projects can often offset these upfront costs.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>BIM enhances the resilience of the built environment and construction industry in the “pre-disaster phase and post-disaster phases.”<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> In the design phase, BIM can conduct scenario forecasting to predict the performance of a facility during emergencies, such as fire, flood, evacuation, and others.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> BIM also can enhance the post-disaster phase by providing building information to first responders and allowing them to direct building occupants to the nearest exit.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a>Computer Integrated Construction Research Program. BIM Project Execution Planning Guide – Version 2.1. Pennsylvania State University (2011). <a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">http://bim.psu.edu</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a>NIST. National BIM Guide for Owners (2012). <a href=\"http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/nbgo/Natl_BIM_Guide_for_Owners.pdf\">http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/nbgo/Natl_BIM_Guide_for_Owners.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a>NIST. National BIM Guide for Owners (2012).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a>Skanska. Metlife Stadium Sustainability Case Study. <a href=\"https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium/sustainability\">https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium/sustainability</a> (accessed May 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a>Jonathan Boone. 2017. “Building Information Modeling becomes everyday business.” US Army Corps of Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory. <a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>National Institute of Building Sciences – Whole Building Design Guide – Building Information Modeling (BIM) <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/building-information-modeling-bim\">https://www.wbdg.org/building-information-modeling-bim</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Jonathan Boone. 2017. “Building Information Modeling becomes everyday business.” US Army Corps of Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory. <a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>Dodge Data and Analytics. (2017). Measuring the Impact of BIM on Complex Buildings. <a href=\"http://images.marketing.construction.com/Web/DDA/%7B58808ff6-d717-4e28-a100-02b30d337866%7D_Measuring_the_Impact_of_BIM_on_Complex_Buildings.pdf\">http://images.marketing.construction.com/Web/DDA/%7B58808ff6-d717-4e28-a100-02b30d337866%7D_Measuring_the_Impact_of_BIM_on_Complex_Buildings.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a>Dippold, Cory. “Effective Implementation of BIM.” November 26, 2008. <em><i>Engineering News-Record</i></em>. <a href=\"http://enr.construction.com/opinions/viewPoint/2008/1126-BIMImplementation.asp\">http://enr.construction.com/opinions/viewPoint/2008/1126-BIMImplementation.asp</a> (accessed March 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a>National Institute of Building Sciences. <em><i>Journal of Building Information Modeling</i></em>. <a href=\"https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/jnibs/jbim_fall10.pdf?hhSearchTerms=%22journal+and+building+and+information+and+modeling%22\">https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/jnibs/jbim_fall10.pdf?hhSearchTerms=%22journal+and+building+and+information+and+modeling%22</a> (accessed March 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a>Sertyesilisik, Begum. 2017. Building Information Modeling as a Tool for Enhancing Disaster Resilience of the Construction Industry. <em><i>Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series</i></em>. 12(1): 9-18.<a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/tvsbses.2017.12.issue-1/tvsbses-2017-0002/tvsbses-2017-0002.pdf\">https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/tvsbses.2017.12.issue-1/tvsbses-2017-0002/tvsbses-2017-0002.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a>Kreider, Ralph G., and Messner, John I. (2013). “The Uses of BIM: Classifying and Selecting BIM Uses.” Version 0.9, September, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. <a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">http://bim.psu.edu</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a>Sertyesilisik, Begum. 2017.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nationalbimstandard.org/\">National Institute of Building Sciences buildingSMART alliance®, <em><i>National BIM Standard-United States® Version 3 </i></em>(2015).</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/building-information-modeling-bim\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) – Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">Penn State Computer Integrated Construction – BIM Execution Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1073-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:14:36','2022-03-28 16:14:36','',1073,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1077',0,'revision','',0),(1078,2,'2022-03-28 16:14:39','2022-03-28 16:14:39','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Building Information Modeling (BIM)\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Building Information Modeling (BIM)?</strong></h2>\n<p>Building Information Modeling (BIM) forms a digital representation of a building’s physical and functional characteristics and calculates information about the facility that can be used by all project team stakeholders to make decisions about the design, construction, maintenance, and operations of a building throughout its life-cycle.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Combining graphical information, such as plans and elevations, and nongraphical information, such as costs, specifications, schedules and maintenance requirements, into a BIM model results in a single source of information.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_20\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"968\"]<img class=\"wp-image-20 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/NC_BIM_1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Building Information Modeling (BIM) from the US General Service Administration. (Source: GSA)\" width=\"968\" height=\"648\" /> Figure 1 – Building Information Modeling (BIM) from the US General Service Administration. (Source: GSA)[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Building Information Modeling (BIM)</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designate a ‘Project BIM Manager’ or a lead design and a lead construction ‘Project BIM Manager’ with knowledge and experience working with BIM and selected software. Provide ongoing BIM training to all building stakeholders responsible for inputting, extracting, modifying, and analyzing the data (see <em>Integrated Design Process and Energy Modeling</em>).</p>\n<p>The National Institute of Building Sciences’s, <em><i>The National Building Information Modeling Guide for Owners (NBGO),</i></em>guides building owners on how to incorporate BIM into internal policies and contract documents.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium\">Metlife Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Metlife Stadium project team used BIM to track and monitor supply chain performance, including production status, quality control, delivery, site preparation and installation of over 3,200 pre-cast concrete panels, reducing the construction period by 10 days and saving $1 million.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS.</a></p>\n<p>BIM was used in the construction of the Information Technology Laboratory to overlay design, construction, and subcontractor information, and identify and resolve potential issues of conflict before costly rework was necessary.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>BIM coordinates information sharing among building stakeholders across multiple project phases that result in more informed decision making and eliminates the re-gathering and re-formatting of building information.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>BIM also serves as a “clash detection tool,” by identifying potential design, construction, and operational inconsistencies, and cuts costs and reduces waste by avoiding rework.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The following table highlights the results of a survey conducted by Dodge Data and Analytics on the benefits of BIM.</p>\n<p>Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_202\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1456\"]<img class=\"wp-image-202 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-BIM-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM\" width=\"1456\" height=\"594\" /> Table 1. Five Top-Rated Positive Impacts of BIM[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing BIM varies widely, depending on the project team’s expertise using BIM, the complexity of the project, and other building process considerations. Costs include training, software, and organizational changes required to implement BIM technology.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Lower building costs and efficient construction timelines associated with BIM projects can often offset these upfront costs.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>BIM enhances the resilience of the built environment and construction industry in the “pre-disaster phase and post-disaster phases.”<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> In the design phase, BIM can conduct scenario forecasting to predict the performance of a facility during emergencies, such as fire, flood, evacuation, and others.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> BIM also can enhance the post-disaster phase by providing building information to first responders and allowing them to direct building occupants to the nearest exit.<a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a>Computer Integrated Construction Research Program. BIM Project Execution Planning Guide – Version 2.1. Pennsylvania State University (2011). <a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">http://bim.psu.edu</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a>NIST. National BIM Guide for Owners (2012). <a href=\"http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/nbgo/Natl_BIM_Guide_for_Owners.pdf\">http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/nbgo/Natl_BIM_Guide_for_Owners.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a>NIST. National BIM Guide for Owners (2012).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a>Skanska. Metlife Stadium Sustainability Case Study. <a href=\"https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium/sustainability\">https://group.skanska.com/projects/57101/MetLife-Stadium/sustainability</a> (accessed May 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a>Jonathan Boone. 2017. “Building Information Modeling becomes everyday business.” US Army Corps of Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory. <a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>National Institute of Building Sciences – Whole Building Design Guide – Building Information Modeling (BIM) <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/building-information-modeling-bim\">https://www.wbdg.org/building-information-modeling-bim</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Jonathan Boone. 2017. “Building Information Modeling becomes everyday business.” US Army Corps of Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory. <a href=\"https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/\">https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/1172517/building-information-modeling-becomes-everyday-business/</a> (accessed June 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>Dodge Data and Analytics. (2017). Measuring the Impact of BIM on Complex Buildings. <a href=\"http://images.marketing.construction.com/Web/DDA/%7B58808ff6-d717-4e28-a100-02b30d337866%7D_Measuring_the_Impact_of_BIM_on_Complex_Buildings.pdf\">http://images.marketing.construction.com/Web/DDA/%7B58808ff6-d717-4e28-a100-02b30d337866%7D_Measuring_the_Impact_of_BIM_on_Complex_Buildings.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a>Dippold, Cory. “Effective Implementation of BIM.” November 26, 2008. <em><i>Engineering News-Record</i></em>. <a href=\"http://enr.construction.com/opinions/viewPoint/2008/1126-BIMImplementation.asp\">http://enr.construction.com/opinions/viewPoint/2008/1126-BIMImplementation.asp</a> (accessed March 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a>National Institute of Building Sciences. <em><i>Journal of Building Information Modeling</i></em>. <a href=\"https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/jnibs/jbim_fall10.pdf?hhSearchTerms=%22journal+and+building+and+information+and+modeling%22\">https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/jnibs/jbim_fall10.pdf?hhSearchTerms=%22journal+and+building+and+information+and+modeling%22</a> (accessed March 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a>Sertyesilisik, Begum. 2017. Building Information Modeling as a Tool for Enhancing Disaster Resilience of the Construction Industry. <em><i>Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series</i></em>. 12(1): 9-18.<a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/tvsbses.2017.12.issue-1/tvsbses-2017-0002/tvsbses-2017-0002.pdf\">https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/tvsbses.2017.12.issue-1/tvsbses-2017-0002/tvsbses-2017-0002.pdf</a> (accessed March 7, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a>Kreider, Ralph G., and Messner, John I. (2013). “The Uses of BIM: Classifying and Selecting BIM Uses.” Version 0.9, September, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. <a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">http://bim.psu.edu</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata://136A90A2-89C5-4780-A7BD-329EFA482C10#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a>Sertyesilisik, Begum. 2017.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nationalbimstandard.org/\">National Institute of Building Sciences buildingSMART alliance®, <em><i>National BIM Standard-United States® Version 3 </i></em>(2015).</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/building-information-modeling-bim\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) – Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://bim.psu.edu/\">Penn State Computer Integrated Construction – BIM Execution Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Building Information Modeling (BIM)','','inherit','closed','closed','','1073-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:14:39','2022-03-28 16:14:39','',1073,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1078',0,'revision','',0),(1079,2,'2022-03-28 16:18:54','2022-03-28 16:18:54','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Modeling\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Modeling?</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy modeling simulates a building’s energy use, helping to inform design decisions or diagnose underperformance. Model inputs include building geometry, envelope data, including construction materials specifications, mechanical systems data and projected or actual building use and operations including occupancy, lighting, and HVAC schedules.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> These inputs are combined with local weather data to simulate cost-effective building designs with optimized energy performance.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_551\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1462\"]<img class=\"wp-image-551 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Modeling-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Three-dimensional model of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building).\" width=\"1462\" height=\"560\" /> Figure 1 – Three-dimensional model of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Modeling</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing energy modeling into a new commercial building project requires an appropriately skilled team  (see Integrated Design Process).  The architect/designer/builder should be knowledgeable about energy-efficient and green building practices. A ‘Certified Energy Professional’ can evaluate or rate the building design using energy modeling software and recommend improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The necessary steps for implementing a building energy model comprise the following. First, create a model of the baseline building, which represents the building as designed (typically by some combination of the project architect and engineer).  Next, manipulate specific variables to simulate alternate scenarios of building energy performance. Many national green building certification programs require new buildings to meet or exceed a specified level of energy performance and correspondingly require energy model documentation.</p>\n<p>For example, LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction requires project teams electing to take the performance option to demonstrate minimum energy performance through a whole-building energy simulation that compares proposed building performance to a baseline building that uses ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, Appendix G, with errata.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<p>There are several energy modeling software applications available on the market. The US Department of Energy, through its Building Technologies Office (BTO), offers two types of energy modeling programs, which are publicly available free of charge: <a href=\"https://energyplus.net/\">EnergyPlus</a>, and <a href=\"https://www.openstudio.net/\">OpenStudio</a>, which uses EnergyPlus for energy modeling and <a href=\"https://radiance-online.org/\">Radiance</a>,for advanced daylight analysis.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/analysis-tools\">US DOE Commercial Buildings Program</a> website lists additional analysis tools.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/NJMC_LCA_Final.pdf\">NJ Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (CESE)</a></p>\n<p>For this study, the Rutgers Center for Green Building (RCGB) utilized <a href=\"https://designbuilder.co.uk/\">DesignBuilder</a> and <a href=\"https://energyplus.net/\">EnergyPlus</a> to simulate the structure and functioning of the New Jersey Meadowland Commission (NJMC) building. DesignBuilder was used to construct a three-dimensional architectural and engineering model. This model contained information on all of the materials and systems included in the actual building, to the extent that the model permitted. Once this computer model was constructed, EnergyPlus was used to simulate the weather conditions, energy use, heating and cooling needs, occupant activities, and all other pertinent variables to create a virtual model of the building’s structure and activity that is as close to that of the real building as possible. The output from this model provided an estimate of the annual energy consumption by system as well as the heat loss/gain throughout the building. After completing the base model according to the building as designed, the study team ran multiple simulations while substituting in different equipment and materials.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Energy modeling facilitates comparison of building design alternatives and assists in determining the most cost-effective path for meeting energy performance goals over the life cycle of the building. Energy modeling also supports green building certification and code compliance. When used early in the design process, energy modeling reduces redesigns and subsequent delays later in the project – a significant benefit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> HOK, an architectural and engineering firm, tracked how quickly modeling pays for itself in a variety of commercial building types over a multi-year study and found that the energy modeling payback is typically 1-2 months.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>For large buildings, energy modeling costs can run from $30,000 to $200,000, depending on the level of analysis, and design complexity including choice of energy efficiency strategies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>  The upfront cost of an energy model may be spread out across the life-cycle of the building or even during only the design phase, as noted above.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Energy modeling identifies and evaluates green building strategies that enhance building resiliency. While energy modeling typically uses historical weather data, specific, regional, and forward-looking climate data can be used in energy models to inform resilient building design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> For example, in the NJMC study mentioned above, the team ran an energy model scenario according to low-emissions mid-century predictions of climate change developed by the Northeast Climate Impacts Assessment (NECIA).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Energy modeling that takes into account resiliency objectives may include specific design inputs to address increasing heat, more intense precipitation, or rising sea levels. The NYC Mayor’s Office of Resiliency and Recovery’s Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines provides resilient design strategies including, cooling and shading buildings, improving the efficiency of building envelopes, utilizing green roofs and landscape elements, planning for increased failure or reduced efficiency of electrical or mechanical systems, and providing passive solar cooling and ventilation features.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy – Emerging Technologies. 2018. “About Building Energy Modeling.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/about-building-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/about-building-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> ASHRAE Building Energy Modeling (BEM) Professional Certification <a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification\">https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification</a> (accessed June 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> USGBC – LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. Updated April 6, 2018. EA Prerequisite: Minimum Energy Performance, Page 66. https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-building-design-and-construction-current-version (accessed June 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Amber Wood and John Lisman. 2017. “The Benefits of Early Stage Energy Modeling.” USGBC-Colorado. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/benefits-earlystage-energy-modeling-usgbc-colorado\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/benefits-earlystage-energy-modeling-usgbc-colorado</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Roth, Amir. 2016. “The Shockingly Short Payback of Energy Modeling.” US DOE Buildings. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Roth, Amir (2016). “The Shockingly Short Payback of Energy Modeling.” US DOE. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. Page 4. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Krogmann, U., Minderman, N., Senick, J. and Andrews, C.J. “Life-Cycle Assessment of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental and Scientific Education Building.” 2008. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building for New Jersey Meadowland Commission. At <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/LCC-Final-Report-5-21-08.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/LCC-Final-Report-5-21-08.pdf</a> (accessed June 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. Page 9-19. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.aceee.org/topics/building-modeling-and-simulation\">American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE)– Building Modeling and Simulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification\">ASHRAE Building Energy Modeling (BEM) Professional Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/energy-analysis-tools\">National Institute of Building Sciences, Whole Building Design Guide – Energy Analysis Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/orr/index.page\">NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Department of Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/analysis-tools\">Analysis Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-energy-modeling-0\">Building Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-building-design-and-construction-current-version\">USGBC – LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction (2018)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Energy Modeling','','publish','closed','open','','nc-energy-modeling','','','2022-04-15 17:17:07','2022-04-15 17:17:07','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1079',0,'post','',0),(1080,2,'2022-03-28 16:15:02','2022-03-28 16:15:02','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1079-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:15:02','2022-03-28 16:15:02','',1079,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1080',0,'revision','',0),(1082,2,'2022-03-28 16:18:54','2022-03-28 16:18:54','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Modeling\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Modeling?</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy modeling simulates a building’s energy use, helping to inform design decisions or diagnose underperformance. Model inputs include building geometry, envelope data, including construction materials specifications, mechanical systems data and projected or actual building use and operations including occupancy, lighting, and HVAC schedules.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> These inputs are combined with local weather data to simulate cost-effective building designs with optimized energy performance.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_551\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1462\"]<img class=\"wp-image-551 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Modeling-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Three-dimensional model of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building).\" width=\"1462\" height=\"560\" /> Figure 1 – Three-dimensional model of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Modeling</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing energy modeling into a new commercial building project requires an appropriately skilled team  (see Integrated Design Process).  The architect/designer/builder should be knowledgeable about energy-efficient and green building practices. A ‘Certified Energy Professional’ can evaluate or rate the building design using energy modeling software and recommend improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The necessary steps for implementing a building energy model comprise the following. First, create a model of the baseline building, which represents the building as designed (typically by some combination of the project architect and engineer).  Next, manipulate specific variables to simulate alternate scenarios of building energy performance. Many national green building certification programs require new buildings to meet or exceed a specified level of energy performance and correspondingly require energy model documentation.</p>\n<p>For example, LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction requires project teams electing to take the performance option to demonstrate minimum energy performance through a whole-building energy simulation that compares proposed building performance to a baseline building that uses ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, Appendix G, with errata.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<p>There are several energy modeling software applications available on the market. The US Department of Energy, through its Building Technologies Office (BTO), offers two types of energy modeling programs, which are publicly available free of charge: <a href=\"https://energyplus.net/\">EnergyPlus</a>, and <a href=\"https://www.openstudio.net/\">OpenStudio</a>, which uses EnergyPlus for energy modeling and <a href=\"https://radiance-online.org/\">Radiance</a>,for advanced daylight analysis.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/analysis-tools\">US DOE Commercial Buildings Program</a> website lists additional analysis tools.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/NJMC_LCA_Final.pdf\">NJ Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (CESE)</a></p>\n<p>For this study, the Rutgers Center for Green Building (RCGB) utilized <a href=\"https://designbuilder.co.uk/\">DesignBuilder</a> and <a href=\"https://energyplus.net/\">EnergyPlus</a> to simulate the structure and functioning of the New Jersey Meadowland Commission (NJMC) building. DesignBuilder was used to construct a three-dimensional architectural and engineering model. This model contained information on all of the materials and systems included in the actual building, to the extent that the model permitted. Once this computer model was constructed, EnergyPlus was used to simulate the weather conditions, energy use, heating and cooling needs, occupant activities, and all other pertinent variables to create a virtual model of the building’s structure and activity that is as close to that of the real building as possible. The output from this model provided an estimate of the annual energy consumption by system as well as the heat loss/gain throughout the building. After completing the base model according to the building as designed, the study team ran multiple simulations while substituting in different equipment and materials.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Energy modeling facilitates comparison of building design alternatives and assists in determining the most cost-effective path for meeting energy performance goals over the life cycle of the building. Energy modeling also supports green building certification and code compliance. When used early in the design process, energy modeling reduces redesigns and subsequent delays later in the project – a significant benefit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> HOK, an architectural and engineering firm, tracked how quickly modeling pays for itself in a variety of commercial building types over a multi-year study and found that the energy modeling payback is typically 1-2 months.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>For large buildings, energy modeling costs can run from $30,000 to $200,000, depending on the level of analysis, and design complexity including choice of energy efficiency strategies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>  The upfront cost of an energy model may be spread out across the life-cycle of the building or even during only the design phase, as noted above.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Energy modeling identifies and evaluates green building strategies that enhance building resiliency. While energy modeling typically uses historical weather data, specific, regional, and forward-looking climate data can be used in energy models to inform resilient building design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> For example, in the NJMC study mentioned above, the team ran an energy model scenario according to low-emissions mid-century predictions of climate change developed by the Northeast Climate Impacts Assessment (NECIA).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Energy modeling that takes into account resiliency objectives may include specific design inputs to address increasing heat, more intense precipitation, or rising sea levels. The NYC Mayor’s Office of Resiliency and Recovery’s Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines provides resilient design strategies including, cooling and shading buildings, improving the efficiency of building envelopes, utilizing green roofs and landscape elements, planning for increased failure or reduced efficiency of electrical or mechanical systems, and providing passive solar cooling and ventilation features.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy – Emerging Technologies. 2018. “About Building Energy Modeling.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/about-building-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/about-building-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> ASHRAE Building Energy Modeling (BEM) Professional Certification <a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification\">https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification</a> (accessed June 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> USGBC – LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. Updated April 6, 2018. EA Prerequisite: Minimum Energy Performance, Page 66. https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-building-design-and-construction-current-version (accessed June 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Amber Wood and John Lisman. 2017. “The Benefits of Early Stage Energy Modeling.” USGBC-Colorado. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/benefits-earlystage-energy-modeling-usgbc-colorado\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/benefits-earlystage-energy-modeling-usgbc-colorado</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Roth, Amir. 2016. “The Shockingly Short Payback of Energy Modeling.” US DOE Buildings. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Roth, Amir (2016). “The Shockingly Short Payback of Energy Modeling.” US DOE. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. Page 4. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Krogmann, U., Minderman, N., Senick, J. and Andrews, C.J. “Life-Cycle Assessment of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental and Scientific Education Building.” 2008. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building for New Jersey Meadowland Commission. At <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/LCC-Final-Report-5-21-08.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/LCC-Final-Report-5-21-08.pdf</a> (accessed June 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. Page 9-19. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.aceee.org/topics/building-modeling-and-simulation\">American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE)– Building Modeling and Simulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification\">ASHRAE Building Energy Modeling (BEM) Professional Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/energy-analysis-tools\">National Institute of Building Sciences, Whole Building Design Guide – Energy Analysis Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/orr/index.page\">NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Department of Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/analysis-tools\">Analysis Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-energy-modeling-0\">Building Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-building-design-and-construction-current-version\">USGBC – LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction (2018)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Energy Modeling','','inherit','closed','closed','','1079-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:18:54','2022-03-28 16:18:54','',1079,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1082',0,'revision','',0),(1083,2,'2022-03-28 16:18:54','2022-03-28 16:18:54','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Modeling\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Modeling?</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy modeling simulates a building’s energy use, helping to inform design decisions or diagnose underperformance. Model inputs include building geometry, envelope data, including construction materials specifications, mechanical systems data and projected or actual building use and operations including occupancy, lighting, and HVAC schedules.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> These inputs are combined with local weather data to simulate cost-effective building designs with optimized energy performance.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_551\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1462\"]<img class=\"wp-image-551 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Modeling-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Three-dimensional model of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building).\" width=\"1462\" height=\"560\" /> Figure 1 – Three-dimensional model of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Modeling</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing energy modeling into a new commercial building project requires an appropriately skilled team  (see Integrated Design Process).  The architect/designer/builder should be knowledgeable about energy-efficient and green building practices. A ‘Certified Energy Professional’ can evaluate or rate the building design using energy modeling software and recommend improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The necessary steps for implementing a building energy model comprise the following. First, create a model of the baseline building, which represents the building as designed (typically by some combination of the project architect and engineer).  Next, manipulate specific variables to simulate alternate scenarios of building energy performance. Many national green building certification programs require new buildings to meet or exceed a specified level of energy performance and correspondingly require energy model documentation.</p>\n<p>For example, LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction requires project teams electing to take the performance option to demonstrate minimum energy performance through a whole-building energy simulation that compares proposed building performance to a baseline building that uses ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, Appendix G, with errata.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<p>There are several energy modeling software applications available on the market. The US Department of Energy, through its Building Technologies Office (BTO), offers two types of energy modeling programs, which are publicly available free of charge: <a href=\"https://energyplus.net/\">EnergyPlus</a>, and <a href=\"https://www.openstudio.net/\">OpenStudio</a>, which uses EnergyPlus for energy modeling and <a href=\"https://radiance-online.org/\">Radiance</a>,for advanced daylight analysis.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/analysis-tools\">US DOE Commercial Buildings Program</a> website lists additional analysis tools.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/NJMC_LCA_Final.pdf\">NJ Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (CESE)</a></p>\n<p>For this study, the Rutgers Center for Green Building (RCGB) utilized <a href=\"https://designbuilder.co.uk/\">DesignBuilder</a> and <a href=\"https://energyplus.net/\">EnergyPlus</a> to simulate the structure and functioning of the New Jersey Meadowland Commission (NJMC) building. DesignBuilder was used to construct a three-dimensional architectural and engineering model. This model contained information on all of the materials and systems included in the actual building, to the extent that the model permitted. Once this computer model was constructed, EnergyPlus was used to simulate the weather conditions, energy use, heating and cooling needs, occupant activities, and all other pertinent variables to create a virtual model of the building’s structure and activity that is as close to that of the real building as possible. The output from this model provided an estimate of the annual energy consumption by system as well as the heat loss/gain throughout the building. After completing the base model according to the building as designed, the study team ran multiple simulations while substituting in different equipment and materials.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Energy modeling facilitates comparison of building design alternatives and assists in determining the most cost-effective path for meeting energy performance goals over the life cycle of the building. Energy modeling also supports green building certification and code compliance. When used early in the design process, energy modeling reduces redesigns and subsequent delays later in the project – a significant benefit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> HOK, an architectural and engineering firm, tracked how quickly modeling pays for itself in a variety of commercial building types over a multi-year study and found that the energy modeling payback is typically 1-2 months.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>For large buildings, energy modeling costs can run from $30,000 to $200,000, depending on the level of analysis, and design complexity including choice of energy efficiency strategies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>  The upfront cost of an energy model may be spread out across the life-cycle of the building or even during only the design phase, as noted above.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Energy modeling identifies and evaluates green building strategies that enhance building resiliency. While energy modeling typically uses historical weather data, specific, regional, and forward-looking climate data can be used in energy models to inform resilient building design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> For example, in the NJMC study mentioned above, the team ran an energy model scenario according to low-emissions mid-century predictions of climate change developed by the Northeast Climate Impacts Assessment (NECIA).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Energy modeling that takes into account resiliency objectives may include specific design inputs to address increasing heat, more intense precipitation, or rising sea levels. The NYC Mayor’s Office of Resiliency and Recovery’s Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines provides resilient design strategies including, cooling and shading buildings, improving the efficiency of building envelopes, utilizing green roofs and landscape elements, planning for increased failure or reduced efficiency of electrical or mechanical systems, and providing passive solar cooling and ventilation features.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy – Emerging Technologies. 2018. “About Building Energy Modeling.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/about-building-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/about-building-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> ASHRAE Building Energy Modeling (BEM) Professional Certification <a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification\">https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification</a> (accessed June 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> USGBC – LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. Updated April 6, 2018. EA Prerequisite: Minimum Energy Performance, Page 66. https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-building-design-and-construction-current-version (accessed June 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Amber Wood and John Lisman. 2017. “The Benefits of Early Stage Energy Modeling.” USGBC-Colorado. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/benefits-earlystage-energy-modeling-usgbc-colorado\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/benefits-earlystage-energy-modeling-usgbc-colorado</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Roth, Amir. 2016. “The Shockingly Short Payback of Energy Modeling.” US DOE Buildings. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Roth, Amir (2016). “The Shockingly Short Payback of Energy Modeling.” US DOE. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. Page 4. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Krogmann, U., Minderman, N., Senick, J. and Andrews, C.J. “Life-Cycle Assessment of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental and Scientific Education Building.” 2008. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building for New Jersey Meadowland Commission. At <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/LCC-Final-Report-5-21-08.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/LCC-Final-Report-5-21-08.pdf</a> (accessed June 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. Page 9-19. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.aceee.org/topics/building-modeling-and-simulation\">American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE)– Building Modeling and Simulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification\">ASHRAE Building Energy Modeling (BEM) Professional Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/energy-analysis-tools\">National Institute of Building Sciences, Whole Building Design Guide – Energy Analysis Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/orr/index.page\">NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Department of Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/analysis-tools\">Analysis Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-energy-modeling-0\">Building Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-building-design-and-construction-current-version\">USGBC – LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction (2018)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1079-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:18:54','2022-03-28 16:18:54','',1079,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1083',0,'revision','',0),(1084,2,'2022-03-28 16:18:57','2022-03-28 16:18:57','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy Modeling\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Energy Modeling?</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy modeling simulates a building’s energy use, helping to inform design decisions or diagnose underperformance. Model inputs include building geometry, envelope data, including construction materials specifications, mechanical systems data and projected or actual building use and operations including occupancy, lighting, and HVAC schedules.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> These inputs are combined with local weather data to simulate cost-effective building designs with optimized energy performance.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_551\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1462\"]<img class=\"wp-image-551 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Modeling-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Three-dimensional model of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building).\" width=\"1462\" height=\"560\" /> Figure 1 – Three-dimensional model of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Energy Modeling</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing energy modeling into a new commercial building project requires an appropriately skilled team  (see Integrated Design Process).  The architect/designer/builder should be knowledgeable about energy-efficient and green building practices. A ‘Certified Energy Professional’ can evaluate or rate the building design using energy modeling software and recommend improvements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The necessary steps for implementing a building energy model comprise the following. First, create a model of the baseline building, which represents the building as designed (typically by some combination of the project architect and engineer).  Next, manipulate specific variables to simulate alternate scenarios of building energy performance. Many national green building certification programs require new buildings to meet or exceed a specified level of energy performance and correspondingly require energy model documentation.</p>\n<p>For example, LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction requires project teams electing to take the performance option to demonstrate minimum energy performance through a whole-building energy simulation that compares proposed building performance to a baseline building that uses ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, Appendix G, with errata.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<p>There are several energy modeling software applications available on the market. The US Department of Energy, through its Building Technologies Office (BTO), offers two types of energy modeling programs, which are publicly available free of charge: <a href=\"https://energyplus.net/\">EnergyPlus</a>, and <a href=\"https://www.openstudio.net/\">OpenStudio</a>, which uses EnergyPlus for energy modeling and <a href=\"https://radiance-online.org/\">Radiance</a>,for advanced daylight analysis.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/analysis-tools\">US DOE Commercial Buildings Program</a> website lists additional analysis tools.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/NJMC_LCA_Final.pdf\">NJ Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental &amp; Science Education (CESE)</a></p>\n<p>For this study, the Rutgers Center for Green Building (RCGB) utilized <a href=\"https://designbuilder.co.uk/\">DesignBuilder</a> and <a href=\"https://energyplus.net/\">EnergyPlus</a> to simulate the structure and functioning of the New Jersey Meadowland Commission (NJMC) building. DesignBuilder was used to construct a three-dimensional architectural and engineering model. This model contained information on all of the materials and systems included in the actual building, to the extent that the model permitted. Once this computer model was constructed, EnergyPlus was used to simulate the weather conditions, energy use, heating and cooling needs, occupant activities, and all other pertinent variables to create a virtual model of the building’s structure and activity that is as close to that of the real building as possible. The output from this model provided an estimate of the annual energy consumption by system as well as the heat loss/gain throughout the building. After completing the base model according to the building as designed, the study team ran multiple simulations while substituting in different equipment and materials.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Energy modeling facilitates comparison of building design alternatives and assists in determining the most cost-effective path for meeting energy performance goals over the life cycle of the building. Energy modeling also supports green building certification and code compliance. When used early in the design process, energy modeling reduces redesigns and subsequent delays later in the project – a significant benefit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> HOK, an architectural and engineering firm, tracked how quickly modeling pays for itself in a variety of commercial building types over a multi-year study and found that the energy modeling payback is typically 1-2 months.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>For large buildings, energy modeling costs can run from $30,000 to $200,000, depending on the level of analysis, and design complexity including choice of energy efficiency strategies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>  The upfront cost of an energy model may be spread out across the life-cycle of the building or even during only the design phase, as noted above.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Energy modeling identifies and evaluates green building strategies that enhance building resiliency. While energy modeling typically uses historical weather data, specific, regional, and forward-looking climate data can be used in energy models to inform resilient building design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> For example, in the NJMC study mentioned above, the team ran an energy model scenario according to low-emissions mid-century predictions of climate change developed by the Northeast Climate Impacts Assessment (NECIA).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Energy modeling that takes into account resiliency objectives may include specific design inputs to address increasing heat, more intense precipitation, or rising sea levels. The NYC Mayor’s Office of Resiliency and Recovery’s Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines provides resilient design strategies including, cooling and shading buildings, improving the efficiency of building envelopes, utilizing green roofs and landscape elements, planning for increased failure or reduced efficiency of electrical or mechanical systems, and providing passive solar cooling and ventilation features.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy – Emerging Technologies. 2018. “About Building Energy Modeling.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/about-building-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/about-building-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> ASHRAE Building Energy Modeling (BEM) Professional Certification <a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification\">https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification</a> (accessed June 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> USGBC – LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. Updated April 6, 2018. EA Prerequisite: Minimum Energy Performance, Page 66. https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-building-design-and-construction-current-version (accessed June 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Amber Wood and John Lisman. 2017. “The Benefits of Early Stage Energy Modeling.” USGBC-Colorado. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/benefits-earlystage-energy-modeling-usgbc-colorado\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/benefits-earlystage-energy-modeling-usgbc-colorado</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Roth, Amir. 2016. “The Shockingly Short Payback of Energy Modeling.” US DOE Buildings. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Roth, Amir (2016). “The Shockingly Short Payback of Energy Modeling.” US DOE. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/shockingly-short-payback-energy-modeling</a> (accessed June 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. Page 4. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Krogmann, U., Minderman, N., Senick, J. and Andrews, C.J. “Life-Cycle Assessment of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission Center for Environmental and Scientific Education Building.” 2008. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building for New Jersey Meadowland Commission. At <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/LCC-Final-Report-5-21-08.pdf\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/LCC-Final-Report-5-21-08.pdf</a> (accessed June 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-modeling/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. Page 9-19. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.aceee.org/topics/building-modeling-and-simulation\">American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE)– Building Modeling and Simulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org/professional-development/ashrae-certification/certification-types/bemp-building-energy-modeling-professional-certification\">ASHRAE Building Energy Modeling (BEM) Professional Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/energy-analysis-tools\">National Institute of Building Sciences, Whole Building Design Guide – Energy Analysis Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/orr/index.page\">NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Department of Energy</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/analysis-tools\">Analysis Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-energy-modeling-0\">Building Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-building-design-and-construction-current-version\">USGBC – LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction (2018)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Energy Modeling','','inherit','closed','closed','','1079-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:18:57','2022-03-28 16:18:57','',1079,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1084',0,'revision','',0),(1086,2,'2022-03-28 16:23:07','2022-03-28 16:23:07','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Life Cycle Assessment?</strong></h2>\n<p>A life cycle assessment (LCA) is a “cradle-to-grave” or “cradle-to-cradle” evaluation method that assesses the environmental impacts of products, processes, and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> In the commercial building sector, LCA is a tool that helps architects and building professionals understand the embodied energy and other environmental impacts associated with all life cycle phases of a building or building product as defined by the ISO 14040/44 standard including resource extraction, manufacturing, transportation, construction, operation, and disposal or recycling (see Figure 1).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> The evaluation at each phase also includes the associated activities of a particular building product or design. For example, during the operational phase, the LCA for a deck includes the impact of the resources used for cleaning (e.g., energy, water, detergents), staining, or replacing boards.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_470\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"508\"]<img class=\"wp-image-470 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-LCA-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. LCA Phases (Source: NIST Sustainable Manufacturing Program)\" width=\"508\" height=\"466\" /> Figure 1. LCA Phases (Source: NIST Sustainable Manufacturing Program)[/caption]<p>Defined environmental impact areas commonly include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Climate change (“carbon footprint”)</li>\n<li>Acidification (“acid rain”)</li>\n<li>Eutrophication (“algal bloom”)</li>\n<li>Photochemical oxidant creation (“summer smog”)</li>\n<li>Ozone depletion (“the ozone hole”)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>LCA’s support informed decision-making by providing a standardized system for verifying environmental footprints and claims, identifying environmental trade-offs, and making relative comparisons between different design paths or product choices.</p>\n<p>While LCA’s take into account environmental impacts, Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) evaluates the life-cycle costs of building designs and systems (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</em>).  Together, LCA’s and LCCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</strong></h2>\n<p>Increasingly, consumers and regulatory agencies are asking businesses and product manufacturers to provide environmental product declarations, which use LCA data to report the environmental impacts of their products, processes, and services (see <em>Sustainable Materials</em>).  In the building sector, green building programs such as LEED, offer credits for completing a whole building LCA as part of the integrated design process.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> LEED credits are also offered to promote the reuse of historic buildings and the renovation of abandoned or blighted buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Likewise, the field of LCA continues to evolve as the quality and completeness of LCA data improves and LCA methodologies are tested and refined.</p>\n<p>The complete process of LCA includes:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Defining goals and assessment boundaries.</li>\n<li>Collecting information on materials and design alternative.</li>\n<li>Using accredited LCA assessment tools to perform impact calculations.</li>\n<li>Compiling and interpreting results.</li>\n<li>Documenting the process and providing assessment reports.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>LCA reports are often complex and technical in nature, but current tools attempt to summarize LCA information in a manageable format specifically targeted to design professionals. Tools are available for both whole building and product level LCA’s.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/our-software-data/ecocalculator/\">Athena EcoCalculator</a> is a free online LCA calculator that provides a streamlined report of building’s footprint using LCA data on hundreds of common building products.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings</a> is a free LCA-based software package for designers and building professionals that provides environmental impact data on over 1,000 structural and envelope assembly combinations.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/bees\">Building for Economic and Environmental Software (BEES)</a> is a free online tool for selecting cost-effective and environmentally preferable building products and includes actual environmental and economic performance data for 200+ building products.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The main benefit to LCA is credible, transparent data that informs greener design and product decisions and the associated cost savings and environmental benefits from reduced resource consumption, pollution, and waste.</p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>The costs for performing an LCA depend on the scope and complexity of the building project, data availability and on whether in-house expertise or an independent consulting service completes the analysis. Several free online tools and resources are available to help owners and designers perform LCA’s (see <strong>Resources</strong>). Costs for performing an LCA typically include labor costs for data collection and data input and the interpretation and reporting of results.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>An LCA can identify and evaluate the environmental benefits of green building designs and products that enhance building resiliency. These may include specific design inputs for address increasing heat, more intense precipitation, or rising sea levels<strong><em>. </em></strong>For example, resilient strategies may include cooling and shading features (e.g., cool pavements and cool roofs), improving the efficiency of building envelopes (e.g., insulation, windows, exterior walls), planning for increased failure or reduced efficiency of electrical or mechanical systems (e.g., battery storage), and providing passive solar cooling and ventilation features (e.g., Properly-Sized HVAC systems).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> LCA’s focused on resilient design can also consider the avoided costs or resiliency benefits of avoided power outages, such as reduced business closures, health, and safety hazards, food spoilage, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> International Standard for Standardization (ISO). ISO14040 Standard (2006) provides LCA principles and framework; <a href=\"https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html\">https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019); ISO 14044 Standard (2006) provides LCA Requirements and Guidelines. <a href=\"https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html\">https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Athena Sustainable Materials Institute. 2018. About LCA.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/LCA_summary_of_four_pages.pdf\">http://www.athenasmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/LCA_summary_of_four_pages.pdf</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Rajesh Kumar Singh. 2017. “Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment Through LEED v4.” GBCI</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gbci.org/whole-building-life-cycle-assessment-through-leed-v4\">http://www.gbci.org/whole-building-life-cycle-assessment-through-leed-v4</a> (accessed January 28, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC LEED Version 4.1 BD+C Beta. 2019. Building Life-cycle Impact Reduction  <a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/leed-v41\">https://new.usgbc.org/leed-v41</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Ibid USGBC LEED Version 4.1 BD+C.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Ibid USGBC LEED Version 4.1 BD+C.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> NYC Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency. April 2018. Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. Version 2.0. Page 9-19. <a href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf\">http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/orr/pdf/NYC_Climate_Resiliency_Design_Guidelines_v2-0.pdf</a> (accessed June 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170513121841/https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-cost-analysis/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nist.gov/el/economics/BEESSoftware.cfm\">Building For Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES 4.0)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://greenblue.org/\">GreenBlue</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://thenaturalstep.org/\">The Natural Step</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/\">National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide – Evaluating Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)','','publish','closed','open','','nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca','','','2022-06-23 17:43:15','2022-06-23 17:43:15','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1086',0,'post','',0),(1087,2,'2022-03-28 16:19:22','2022-03-28 16:19:22','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1086-revision-v1','','','2022-03-28 16:19:22','2022-03-28 16:19:22','',1086,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1087',0,'revision','',0),