(2013,3,'2022-04-19 15:44:18','2022-04-19 15:44:18','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Rain Barrels and Cisterns\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Rain Barrels?</strong></h2>\n<p>Rain barrels collect, store, and distribute water for later use, providing a cost-effective and environmentally beneficial way to conserve water and minimize problems associated with stormwater runoff. Use rainwater collected in barrels from catchment areas such as rooftops for irrigation, flushing toilets and other non-potable uses (see<span> </span><em>On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>). Treat or filter the water depending on the intended use.</p>\n<p>Standard components of a rain harvesting system include<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Catchment area such as a roof</li>\n<li>Gutters and downspouts</li>\n<li>Leaf screens</li>\n<li>Rain barrel for storage</li>\n<li>Conveyance system to deliver stored water via gravity or pump</li>\n<li>Water treatment or filter system</li>\n</ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_170\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"636\"]<img class=\"wp-image-170 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Rain-Barrells-and-Cisterns-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1-Simple schematic design for rain barrels (Source: Low Impact Development Center)\" width=\"636\" height=\"598\" /> Figure 1-Simple schematic design for rain barrels (Source: Low Impact Development Center)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Rain Barrels</strong></h2>\n<p>Set aside sufficient space, either interior, above ground or underground, for the appropriately sized barrel. Residential rain barrels can range in size but typically hold 55-gallons. To calculate the volume of water available for capture, assume that every 1,000 square feet of catchment area generates 600 gallons of runoff during a one-inch rainfall event.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><img class=\"wp-image-578 aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Rain-Barrels-and-Cisterns-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"NC-Rain-Barrels-and-Cisterns-Fig-2\" width=\"994\" height=\"200\" /></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Consider combining rain barrels with a drip irrigation system to direct overflow to a dry well, rain garden or bio-retention area.</p>\n<p>Rain barrels require maintenance. Use water within two weeks to prevent algae growth and clean barrels every few months. A screen with a cover prevents algae growth and mosquito breeding. Drain, disconnect and store rain barrels during the winter months.</p>\n<p>For more detailed information about the design and construction of rain barrels see the Rutgers Water Resources Program’s – <a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Green_Infrastructure_Guidance_Manual/2015-03-31_Manual.compressed.pdf\">Green Infrastructure Manual for New Jersey</a>.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://ocean.njaes.rutgers.edu/ag/documents/sls_lakehurst.pdf\">Residential Rain Barrel, Lakehurst, NJ</a></p>\n<p>Part of the Rutgers Sustainable Landscape Demonstration Site Program, the Lakehurst residential renovation project included a 35-gallon rain-barrel or repurposed trash can to collect and redirect water to an adjacent ornamental flower bed, eliminating the need for on-site irrigation and municipal water use.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces demand for potable water for irrigation and other non-potable uses (see <em>Water-Efficient Landscape Design</em>).</li>\n<li>Lowers peak demand and peak discharge rate on public water systems.</li>\n<li>Reduces overall potable water use and saves money on water bills.</li>\n<li>Reduces stormwater runoff via storage (see <em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).</li>\n<li>Reduces runoff of contaminants into soils and waterways.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Costs vary depending on the size and type of rain barrel selected. Small-scale systems cost around $60 for a 55-gallon barrel.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Some watershed associations or municipalities offer rain barrels at a discount or provide rebates.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Water stored in rain barrel can provide an alternative water source for non-potable uses during storms, hurricanes and droughts or when municipal water sources are shut down or become polluted. Filter and purify before using the water to irrigate edible gardens, wash dishes, or provide water for drinking and showering. Rain barrels also help mitigate flooding by capturing water that would end up in the municipal water system.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US DOE | EERE. “Best Management Practices:  Alternate Water Sources.”  https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/best-management-practice-14-alternative-water-sources (accessed April 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Rutgers Water Resources Program. Green Infrastructure Manual for NJ. <a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Green_Infrastructure_Guidance_Manual/2015-03-31_Manual.compressed.pdf\">http://water.rutgers.edu/Green_Infrastructure_Guidance_Manual/2015-03-31_Manual.compressed.pdf</a> (accessed April 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Massachusetts Metropolitan Area Planning Council.  “Low Impact Development Toolkit – Fact Sheet: Cisterns and Rain Barrels.” <a href=\"http://www.mapc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/LID_toolkit_factsheets_7-9.pdf\">http://www.mapc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/LID_toolkit_factsheets_7-9.pdf</a> (accessed March 25, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/\">Stormwater Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/gi/\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://cfpub.epa.gov/npstbx/files/KSMO_buildarainbarrel.pdf\">Build Your Own Rain Barrel Brochure</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Rutgers Cooperative Extension\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/\">Water Resources Group</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://green%20infrastructure%20manual%20for%20new%20jersey/\">Rutgers Water Resources Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=E329\">Rain Barrels Part I: How to Build a Rain Barrel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS1118\">Rain Barrels Part II: Installation and Use</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS1127\">Rain Barrels Part III: Building a Rain Barrel from a Plastic Trash Can</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/27379/PDF/1/play/\">Fact Sheet, Where to Get Your Drinking Water Tested in New Jersey: A List of State Certified Water Testing Laboratories by County</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/environment/rain-barrel-trainer-program.php\">Rutgers Rain Barrel Train the Trainer Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://sustainablesites.org/\">The Sustainable Sites Initiative</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Rain Barrels and Cisterns','','inherit','closed','closed','','1976-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 15:44:18','2022-04-19 15:44:18','',1976,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2013',0,'revision','',0),(2014,2,'2022-04-19 15:44:19','2022-04-19 15:44:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning? </strong></h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_517\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"716\"]<img class=\"wp-image-517 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Storm-Preparation-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).\" width=\"716\" height=\"382\" /> Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).[/caption]<p>Severe weather and natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, winter storms, pandemic influenza, thunderstorms and lighting, tornadoes, and wildfires and associated power outages, flooding, evacuations, and property damage create emergency situations that impact New Jersey businesses on a regular basis. Storm preparation and emergency planning includes steps that residents and businesses can take to avoid or mitigate impacts and increase safety and comfort before, during and after adverse events. Proper preparation and planning also refers to resilient design and green building practices that increase a structure’s ability to withstand or recover from severe weather and adverse conditions and protect building occupants. For example, at the building owner level, the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) recommends securing property to protect against hurricane damage by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing permanent storm shutters for windows or boarding up windows with 5/8” plywood, cut to fit and ready to install.</li>\n<li>Adding straps or clips to securely fasten roof to the frame structure and reduce roof damage.</li>\n<li>Clearing loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.</li>\n<li>Bringing in outdoor objects such as furniture, equipment and tools or anchoring them if they cannot be brought indoors.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>At the design and building level, the <a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/\">FORTIFIED Building Standards by the Institute of Business and Home Safety (IBHS)</a> recommend roofing and fenestration best practices to protect buildings in hurricane prone areas and areas susceptible to hail and high winds. Together, these precautions provide redundancy and increase the likelihood of avoiding major damages and injuries.</p>\n<p>For more information on hurricane preparedness, see the <a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM)</a> and the <a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan-prepare/pdf/NJ_Hurricane_Survival_Guide_2018.pdf\">NJ Hurricane Survival Guide.</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement Storm Preparation and Emergency Preparedness</strong></h2>\n<p>A number of local, state and national organizations provide resources and information on storm preparation and emergency preparedness (see <strong>Resources</strong> below). The NJOEM’s “Be Ready: Follow the “Three Steps to Safety” outlines basic preparations for the most common disaster scenarios in New Jersey.</p>\n<p><u>Step One: “Get a Kit”</u> – Assemble emergency supplies including food, water, basic first aid supplies, alternative communication and other emergency equipment such as flashlights and duct tape. See <a href=\"https://www.ready.gov/build-a-kit\">Ready.gov “Build a Kit.”</a></p>\n<p><u>Step Two: “Make a Plan”</u> – Know your area’s evacuation routes and shelter locations. Keep a list of emergency contacts and local emergency numbers. Visit the <a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org/\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a> web page for more information.</p>\n<p><u>Step Three: “Stay Informed”</u> – Part of preparation is knowing exactly what kind of disasters you might face and knowing what to do in each situation. Keep track of Current Weather Forecasts and Alerts with:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local radio or TV stations</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/\">NOAA Weather Radio</a>– or <a href=\"http://www.weatherusa.net/radio\">listen online</a></li>\n<li>NJOEM’s<a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/weather/index.html\">Weather Links</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using resilient building practices and developing emergency preparedness plans and supply kits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces fear, anxiety, and losses.</li>\n<li>Avoids or mitigates impacts and costs.</li>\n<li>Speeds recovery efforts and reduces further damage and losses.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Storm preparation and emergency planning can reduce severe weather and disaster-related costs by reducing the physical and financial toll from such events. For example, identify vulnerabilities that offer the greatest potential to reduce avoidable suffering.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Having a plan in place and supplies on hand for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts. Prepared individuals and businesses can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ready.gov\">Be Ready Campaign</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/prepareyourhealth/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcpr%2Fareyouprepared%2Findex.htm\">Center for Disease Control and Prevention – Center for Preparedness and Response</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.fema.gov\">Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ibhs.org\">Institute for Business and Home Safety</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/ibhs-business-protection/ofb-ez-business-continuity/\">Open for Business (OFB-EZ)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ibhs.org/guidance/emergency-preparedness/\">Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning (EZ-Prep)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/fortified/commercial/\">FORTIFIED Commercial Building Standards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov\">State of New Jersey Office of Emergency Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/RELi_Dec_2018-FINAL.pdf\">RELi 2.0 Rating Guidelines for Resilient Design + Construction – HP: Hazard Preparedness</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning','','inherit','closed','closed','','2007-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 15:44:19','2022-04-19 15:44:19','',2007,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2014',0,'revision','',0);

INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (2128,2,'2022-04-22 18:05:38','2022-04-22 18:05:38','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are Sustainable Materials?</h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption]</p>\n<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as <a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>, <em>Demolition</em>, and <em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> It is also essential to develop an environmentally preferable purchasing policy to guide purchasing. According to documents guiding federal sustainability (Executive Order 13693), environmentally preferable purchasing refers to “products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose” as it applies to raw materials, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, use, reuse, operation, maintenance, and disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a> has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>, <a href=\"http://www.scsglobalservices/com/services\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>, <a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and <a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the <a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a> are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material. <a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a> is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability </u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2-300x229.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"229\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption]</p>\n<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <u><a href=\"http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a></u> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5-282x300.png\" alt=\"FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" /> FSC Certified Logo[/caption]</p>\n<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design stages of a building, specify certified wood as an alternative to conventional wood including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 3) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption]</p>\n<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <u><a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a></u> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example </strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://fallingwater.org/history-barn-fallingwater/\">Barn at Fallingwater</a></p>\n<p>An adaptive reuse project at the Barn at Fallingwater in Mill Run, Pennsylvania used the original characteristics of the barn and provided new space for administrative offices, exhibitions, lectures, classes, and programs. Along with furthering the connection between nature and architecture, the project earned a Silver LEED rating. This adaptive reuse project also incorporated several renewable resources such as straw panels for sound absorptive wall finishes and products from sunflower seed composite.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_304\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1026\"]<img class=\"wp-image-304 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – Barn at Fallingwater (Source: Fallingwater.org)\" width=\"1026\" height=\"482\" /> Figure 5 – Barn at Fallingwater (Source: Fallingwater.org)[/caption]</p>\n<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\">[30]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\"><sup>[32]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\">[37]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\"><sup>[38]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn40\" name=\"_ednref40\">[40]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. About the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed February 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Cal Recycle. Matrix: Overview of Recycled Content and Availability. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> The Cradle to Cradle<sup>Ò</sup> program certifies products that meet multi-attribute criteria for: human and environmental health; Recyclability/compostability; renewable energy use; water stewardship social responsibility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Forest Stewardship Council. <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us\">https://us.fsc.org/en-us</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> USGBC. LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed February 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]</a> GreenBiz. Durability: A Key Component of Green Building. <a href=\"https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building\">https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials.  <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. How to Buy Good Wood. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Economic Benefits of Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]</a> CalRecycle. Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling. February 2018. <u><a href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/\">http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/</a></u> (accessed July 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities. <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\">[40]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities. <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Workspaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-safe-non-toxic-materials/\">Safe, Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-costs-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-source-reduction-and-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://give.org/\">BBB Wise Giving Alliance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bigreuse.org/\">Big Reuse (Brooklyn)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Materials/\">CalRecycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Recycling Association (CDRA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle-to-Cradle Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/resource-center\">Forest Certification Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/what-is-fsc\">Forest Stewardship Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.greenseal.org/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/buy-green-products-services-and-vehicles/buy-green-products\">GSA Buy Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/43/materials-resources\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Materials and Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/restores?place=us\">Habitat for Humanity Restores</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.buildingmaterials.umn.edu/\">Minnesota Building Materials Database</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/sustainable-engineered-materials\">NIST Engineering Laboratory- Sustainable Engineered Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/sdtguide.html\">NJ DEP Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/resource_page.htm\">NJ DEP – Recycled Product Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://planetreuse.com\">Planet Reuse (2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification – Find Certified Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=5110\">RELi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">The Carpet and Rug Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">US EPA – Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-basics\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management Basics</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">USGBC. LEED BD+C- New Construction. LEEDv4. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide – Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/materials\">Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_preferable_products.php\">Optimize Building Space and Material Use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Sustainable Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','2125-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:05:38','2022-04-22 18:05:38','',2125,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2128',0,'revision','',0),(2131,2,'2022-04-22 18:07:27','2022-04-22 18:07:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials? </strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>\n<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"452\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"452\" height=\"346\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a> and <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a> (which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5-282x300.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo[/caption]<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the <a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a>. The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><u>Rutgers University Visitor Center</u></p>\n<p>The Rutgers University Visitor Center was constructed using low-emitting materials including paints, finishes and recycled content carpet.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_49\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"434\"]<img class=\"wp-image-49 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"434\" height=\"296\" /> Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_94\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"444\"]<img class=\"wp-image-94 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"444\" height=\"302\" /> Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits </strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials.  <a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints. <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>\n<strong>Green Product Certifications and Standards:</strong>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">The GREENGUARD Environmental Institute</a> is an industry-independent, not-for-profit organization that oversees the GREENGUARD Certification programs.</li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">LEED: Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage </a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','2117-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:07:27','2022-04-22 18:07:27','',2117,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2131',0,'revision','',0),(2133,2,'2022-04-22 18:12:24','2022-04-22 18:12:24','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Entryway Systems\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What are Entryway Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway or “walk-off” systems are grills, grates, or mats that reduce the amount of dirt, dust, pollen, and other biological and non-biological agents entering the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Once brought indoors, these substances can enter into air circulation, and the HVAC system and the building occupants can become exposed to them. The goal is to minimize and control pollutant entry into buildings and cross-contamination of regularly occupied areas. Entryway systems can prevent 80 to 90 percent of dust, dirt, and other particles commonly tracked into a building from reaching the interior.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Designing exterior entrances with permanent entryway systems to catch and hold particles helps enhance indoor environmental quality by contributing to source control of dust, pollen, and other particles.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_369\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"780\"]<img class=\"wp-image-369 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Entryway-Systems-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Installation of a metal grate as part of the entryway system for Queens Botanical Garden Visitor Center (Source: Queens Botanical Garden)\" width=\"780\" height=\"398\" /> Figure 1 – Installation of a metal grate as part of the entryway system for Queens Botanical Garden Visitor Center (Source: Queens Botanical Garden)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Entryway Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>Install permanent entryway systems at outside entrances to prevent dirt from entering the building. Entryway systems include permanently installed grates, grilles, or slotted systems that allow for cleaning underneath. Roll-out mats can also serve as entryway systems that protect the indoor environmental quality, but they need to be maintained weekly and be designed to guide traffic along the entire length of the mat. Incorporate specifics about entryway maintenance in the facility’s green cleaning program (see <em>Green Cleaning</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces contaminants/pollutants in the facility</li>\n<li>Reduces cleaning/maintenance costs</li>\n<li>Protects indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Improves indoor environmental quality</li>\n<li>Protects occupant health</li>\n<li>Protects indoor flooring surfaces</li>\n<li>Contributes to the durability of the facility</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of entryway systems varies depending on the type of system installed. An entrance mat may cost as little as $4-6/sf, and a metal grate system cost approximately $20/sf (material only).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> On average, people track over a pound of dirt a week into a building through just one entryway so reducing the amount of dirt and other particles that enter the building can reduce the cost of cleaning.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway systems help protect indoor air quality and the integrity of indoor flooring materials during events that cause wet conditions such as storms and flooding, contributing to the protection of occupants during and following storm events as well as the long-term durability of the facility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Yale University, <em>Green Cleaning Standards.  </em>Published by the Yale Facilities Management Department and The Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE), February 2012. <a href=\"https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf\">https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf</a> (accessed July 28th, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lynne Knoblock Fedders, Cleanlink.  Published by the National Floor Safety Institute, October 2013.  <a href=\"https://nfsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/design.pdf\">https://nfsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/design.pdf</a> (accessed July 28, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php</a> (accessed July 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Costs based on average data from several manufacturers.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Corrine Zudonyi, CleanLink. <em>Floor Care, Rolling out the Welcome Mat.  </em> <a href=\"http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat--8939\">http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat–8939</a> (accessed July 28, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/Search?term=Entryway+Systems\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Entryway Systems/Walk-off Mats</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/enhance-indoor-environmental-quality\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Entryway Systems','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-entryway-systems','','','2022-04-22 18:12:27','2022-04-22 18:12:27','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2133',0,'post','',0),(2135,2,'2022-04-22 18:09:49','2022-04-22 18:09:49','','EC Entryway Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','2133-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:09:49','2022-04-22 18:09:49','',2133,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2135',0,'revision','',0),(2137,2,'2022-04-22 18:12:24','2022-04-22 18:12:24','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Entryway Systems\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What are Entryway Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway or “walk-off” systems are grills, grates, or mats that reduce the amount of dirt, dust, pollen, and other biological and non-biological agents entering the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Once brought indoors, these substances can enter into air circulation, and the HVAC system and the building occupants can become exposed to them. The goal is to minimize and control pollutant entry into buildings and cross-contamination of regularly occupied areas. Entryway systems can prevent 80 to 90 percent of dust, dirt, and other particles commonly tracked into a building from reaching the interior.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Designing exterior entrances with permanent entryway systems to catch and hold particles helps enhance indoor environmental quality by contributing to source control of dust, pollen, and other particles.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_369\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"780\"]<img class=\"wp-image-369 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Entryway-Systems-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Installation of a metal grate as part of the entryway system for Queens Botanical Garden Visitor Center (Source: Queens Botanical Garden)\" width=\"780\" height=\"398\" /> Figure 1 – Installation of a metal grate as part of the entryway system for Queens Botanical Garden Visitor Center (Source: Queens Botanical Garden)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Entryway Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>Install permanent entryway systems at outside entrances to prevent dirt from entering the building. Entryway systems include permanently installed grates, grilles, or slotted systems that allow for cleaning underneath. Roll-out mats can also serve as entryway systems that protect the indoor environmental quality, but they need to be maintained weekly and be designed to guide traffic along the entire length of the mat. Incorporate specifics about entryway maintenance in the facility’s green cleaning program (see <em>Green Cleaning</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces contaminants/pollutants in the facility</li>\n<li>Reduces cleaning/maintenance costs</li>\n<li>Protects indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Improves indoor environmental quality</li>\n<li>Protects occupant health</li>\n<li>Protects indoor flooring surfaces</li>\n<li>Contributes to the durability of the facility</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of entryway systems varies depending on the type of system installed. An entrance mat may cost as little as $4-6/sf, and a metal grate system cost approximately $20/sf (material only).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> On average, people track over a pound of dirt a week into a building through just one entryway so reducing the amount of dirt and other particles that enter the building can reduce the cost of cleaning.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway systems help protect indoor air quality and the integrity of indoor flooring materials during events that cause wet conditions such as storms and flooding, contributing to the protection of occupants during and following storm events as well as the long-term durability of the facility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Yale University, <em>Green Cleaning Standards.  </em>Published by the Yale Facilities Management Department and The Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE), February 2012. <a href=\"https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf\">https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf</a> (accessed July 28th, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lynne Knoblock Fedders, Cleanlink.  Published by the National Floor Safety Institute, October 2013.  <a href=\"https://nfsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/design.pdf\">https://nfsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/design.pdf</a> (accessed July 28, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php</a> (accessed July 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Costs based on average data from several manufacturers.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Corrine Zudonyi, CleanLink. <em>Floor Care, Rolling out the Welcome Mat.  </em> <a href=\"http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat--8939\">http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat–8939</a> (accessed July 28, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/Search?term=Entryway+Systems\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Entryway Systems/Walk-off Mats</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/enhance-indoor-environmental-quality\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Entryway Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','2133-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:12:24','2022-04-22 18:12:24','',2133,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2137',0,'revision','',0),(2139,2,'2022-04-22 18:14:23','2022-04-22 18:14:23','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Cleaning\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Cleaning? </strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning refers to using cleaning products and procedures that minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Cleaning with green or natural products can lower airborne particulate matter concentration and improve indoor air quality. Comprehensive green cleaning programs prioritize environmental and health issues as well as the appearance of the facility.</p>\n<p>The commercial cleaning industry uses an estimated 8 billion pounds of chemicals and nearly 4.5 billion pounds of paper products annually, and a shift to greener cleaning has the potential for a significant impact on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Some cleaning products can have human health impacts such as burns or respiratory or skin, eye, nose, throat problems on skin contact or through inhalation exposure, while others may contribute to long-term health problems such as cancer or disruption to the endocrine system. Chlorine bleach or ammonia, which are found in many toilet and drain cleaners, can be corrosive. These chemicals can cause immediate health problems upon skin and inhalation exposure as well as damage to the environment when they go down the drain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> </sup>When harsh chemical use is necessary, use appropriate gloves to avoid or minimize skin exposure. It is also essential to have good air circulation in the room while cleaning and never mix two different types of cleaners, particularly if the products contain chlorine (bleach) and ammonia.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_249\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-249 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Green-Cleaning-Fig-1-300x198.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" /> Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption]<p>Green cleaning programs prioritize non-toxic cleaning products and low-impact cleaning equipment and reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Green cleaning is not just about products but also about cleaning procedures such as using the appropriate quantity of the right product for a specific job or reducing the frequency of labor-intensive tasks by using less intensive cleaning and maintenance activities more often. Simple changes such as limiting food consumption to specific areas can reduce cleaning needs and can also be part of an integrated pest management plan, reducing the need for toxic pest management chemicals in the building (see <em>Integrated Pest Management</em>). Green cleaning requires a holistic approach that includes the careful selection and use of products and equipment, a reevaluation of cleaning procedures, comprehensive custodial training, and orientation to green cleaning policies and procedures for all building occupants.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Green Cleaning </strong></h2>\n<p>As part of a building’s Operations &amp; Maintenance plan, develop a green cleaning program that prioritizes green or natural products, green cleaning services, and training staff in green cleaning practices <em>(</em>see <em>Operator and Occupant Training</em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_469\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-469 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Green-Cleaning-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"878\" height=\"214\" /> Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]<p>The Healthy Children and Family Study, conducted by Rutgers University, found that the use of a mop with a microfiber cloth and the use of vinegar and baking soda as cleaners lowered airborne particulate matter concentration. Vacuuming with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters help remove particulate matter and volatile organic compounds from the air.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) refers to products or services that have less impact on human health and the environment than competing products or services that serve the same purpose.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Choose environmentally preferable products that are rated green by independent, third-party organizations such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">Greenguard</a>, <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, or <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/learn-about-safer-choice-label\">US EPA’s Safer Choice program</a>. It is also important to check product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).  Custodial equipment, such as vacuums, and green cleaning services can also earn third-party certification through programs like the <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/seal-of-approval-program/vacuums/\">Carpet and Rug Institute Seal of Approval Program</a> and <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/products-services/\">Green Seal</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a green cleaning program offers the following benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect the health and safety of building occupants and cleaning professionals.</li>\n<li>Reduce toxic chemicals in the indoor and outdoor environment and reduce the amount of hazardous waste requiring disposal.</li>\n<li>Improve indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Promote better inventory management of chemicals and equipment.</li>\n<li>Reduce liability through safety training.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Over the long-term, green cleaning can reduce the total cost of cleaning through reducing or eliminating hazardous cleaning chemicals. Because there are fewer toxic chemicals that employees must work with, liability exposure also is reduced. Similarly, with fewer toxic chemicals to store, track, maintain and dispose of, the cost of complying with regulatory requirements is reduced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> The University of Georgia’s facilities cleaning program, implemented by the Physical Plant’s building services’ department, earned recognition for a focus on cost-saving and workplace safety. The program covers 9.7 million square feet and includes a Building Services Academy that trains all department employees in green cleaning policies and procedures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The University of Georgia’s program documented benefits such as a decrease in employee respiratory complaints associated with cleaning chemicals, a decrease in the number of severe employee injuries from slips/falls, and significant cost savings from transitioning from traditional cleaners to green cleaners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many green cleaning products are cost-competitive with traditional products, and green cleaning programs offer the added benefit of protecting human health and the environment. Also, when combined with daily cleaning, green cleaning can reduce a building’s energy usage by not requiring additional energy usage during off hours.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning reduces the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals and products that can pose health hazards to the public and damage to natural resources. Reducing the need to store toxic chemicals and products helps reduce the risk, and danger of toxic substances spills or releases into the environment during an extreme event such as flooding or other disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Minimizing the risk of toxic material spills and leaks help protect the public as well as those engaged in clean up and remediation activities, making it easier to recover after an unexpected event.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program. <a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program--8382\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program–8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> American Lung Association. Cleaning Supplies and Household Chemicals. <a href=\"https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html\">https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Cleveland Clinic. Household Chemical Products and Their Health Risks. <a href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk\">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk</a> (accessed March 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Andrews, C.J., Mainelis, G., Wener, R., Sorensen Allacci, M., Plotnik, D., Senick, J., Feygina, I., Autote, O., Ramkumar, S., Pryce, T., Marathe, R. and Ding, J. “Expanding the Definition of Green: Impacts of Green and Active Living Design on Health in Low Income Housing: Added Value of Behavioral Interventions as part of an Integrated Service Delivery Model”. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building &amp; Associates for U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2013. At http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HUD-Expanding-the-Definition-of-Green-Healthy-Families-Study-2013_FINAL_revised.pdf (accessed March 21, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program.  <a href=\"https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382\">https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> UGA Today. Building excellence: green cleaning program earns two national honors. <a href=\"https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/\">https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> American School &amp; University Magazine. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. <a href=\"https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia\">https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Sciencecorps. Chemical Hazards in Flood and Disasters. <a href=\"http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/\">http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/new-commercial/ec-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ewg.org/guides/cleaners/content/methodology\">EWG’s Guide to Healthy Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">US EPA Greening Your Purchase of Cleaning Products: A Guide for Federal Purchasers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice\">US EPA Safer Choice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts\">US EPA Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Green Cleaning','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-green-cleaning','','','2022-06-23 18:47:58','2022-06-23 18:47:58','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2139',0,'post','',0),(2140,2,'2022-04-22 18:12:57','2022-04-22 18:12:57','','Green Cleaning','','inherit','closed','closed','','2139-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:12:57','2022-04-22 18:12:57','',2139,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2140',0,'revision','',0),(2141,2,'2022-04-22 18:14:23','2022-04-22 18:14:23','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Cleaning\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Cleaning? </strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning refers to using cleaning products and procedures that minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Cleaning with green or natural products can lower airborne particulate matter concentration and improve indoor air quality. Comprehensive green cleaning programs prioritize environmental and health issues as well as the appearance of the facility.</p>\n<p>The commercial cleaning industry uses an estimated 8 billion pounds of chemicals and nearly 4.5 billion pounds of paper products annually, and a shift to greener cleaning has the potential for a significant impact on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Some cleaning products can have human health impacts such as burns or respiratory or skin, eye, nose, throat problems on skin contact or through inhalation exposure, while others may contribute to long-term health problems such as cancer or disruption to the endocrine system. Chlorine bleach or ammonia, which are found in many toilet and drain cleaners, can be corrosive. These chemicals can cause immediate health problems upon skin and inhalation exposure as well as damage to the environment when they go down the drain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> </sup>When harsh chemical use is necessary, use appropriate gloves to avoid or minimize skin exposure. It is also essential to have good air circulation in the room while cleaning and never mix two different types of cleaners, particularly if the products contain chlorine (bleach) and ammonia.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_249\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-249 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Green-Cleaning-Fig-1-300x198.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" /> Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption]<p>Green cleaning programs prioritize non-toxic cleaning products and low-impact cleaning equipment and reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Green cleaning is not just about products but also about cleaning procedures such as using the appropriate quantity of the right product for a specific job or reducing the frequency of labor-intensive tasks by using less intensive cleaning and maintenance activities more often. Simple changes such as limiting food consumption to specific areas can reduce cleaning needs and can also be part of an integrated pest management plan, reducing the need for toxic pest management chemicals in the building (see <em>Integrated Pest Management</em>). Green cleaning requires a holistic approach that includes the careful selection and use of products and equipment, a reevaluation of cleaning procedures, comprehensive custodial training, and orientation to green cleaning policies and procedures for all building occupants.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Green Cleaning </strong></h2>\n<p>As part of a building’s Operations &amp; Maintenance plan, develop a green cleaning program that prioritizes green or natural products, green cleaning services, and training staff in green cleaning practices <em>(</em>see <em>Operator and Occupant Training</em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_469\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-469 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Green-Cleaning-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"878\" height=\"214\" /> Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]<p>The Healthy Children and Family Study, conducted by Rutgers University, found that the use of a mop with a microfiber cloth and the use of vinegar and baking soda as cleaners lowered airborne particulate matter concentration. Vacuuming with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters help remove particulate matter and volatile organic compounds from the air.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) refers to products or services that have less impact on human health and the environment than competing products or services that serve the same purpose.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Choose environmentally preferable products that are rated green by independent, third-party organizations such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">Greenguard</a>, <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, or <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/learn-about-safer-choice-label\">US EPA’s Safer Choice program</a>. It is also important to check product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).  Custodial equipment, such as vacuums, and green cleaning services can also earn third-party certification through programs like the <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/seal-of-approval-program/vacuums/\">Carpet and Rug Institute Seal of Approval Program</a> and <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/products-services/\">Green Seal</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a green cleaning program offers the following benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect the health and safety of building occupants and cleaning professionals.</li>\n<li>Reduce toxic chemicals in the indoor and outdoor environment and reduce the amount of hazardous waste requiring disposal.</li>\n<li>Improve indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Promote better inventory management of chemicals and equipment.</li>\n<li>Reduce liability through safety training.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Over the long-term, green cleaning can reduce the total cost of cleaning through reducing or eliminating hazardous cleaning chemicals. Because there are fewer toxic chemicals that employees must work with, liability exposure also is reduced. Similarly, with fewer toxic chemicals to store, track, maintain and dispose of, the cost of complying with regulatory requirements is reduced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> The University of Georgia’s facilities cleaning program, implemented by the Physical Plant’s building services’ department, earned recognition for a focus on cost-saving and workplace safety. The program covers 9.7 million square feet and includes a Building Services Academy that trains all department employees in green cleaning policies and procedures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The University of Georgia’s program documented benefits such as a decrease in employee respiratory complaints associated with cleaning chemicals, a decrease in the number of severe employee injuries from slips/falls, and significant cost savings from transitioning from traditional cleaners to green cleaners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many green cleaning products are cost-competitive with traditional products, and green cleaning programs offer the added benefit of protecting human health and the environment. Also, when combined with daily cleaning, green cleaning can reduce a building’s energy usage by not requiring additional energy usage during off hours.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning reduces the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals and products that can pose health hazards to the public and damage to natural resources. Reducing the need to store toxic chemicals and products helps reduce the risk, and danger of toxic substances spills or releases into the environment during an extreme event such as flooding or other disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Minimizing the risk of toxic material spills and leaks help protect the public as well as those engaged in clean up and remediation activities, making it easier to recover after an unexpected event.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program. <a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program--8382\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program–8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> American Lung Association. Cleaning Supplies and Household Chemicals. <a href=\"https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html\">https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Cleveland Clinic. Household Chemical Products and Their Health Risks. <a href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk\">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk</a> (accessed March 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Andrews, C.J., Mainelis, G., Wener, R., Sorensen Allacci, M., Plotnik, D., Senick, J., Feygina, I., Autote, O., Ramkumar, S., Pryce, T., Marathe, R. and Ding, J. “Expanding the Definition of Green: Impacts of Green and Active Living Design on Health in Low Income Housing: Added Value of Behavioral Interventions as part of an Integrated Service Delivery Model”. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building &amp; Associates for U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2013. At http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HUD-Expanding-the-Definition-of-Green-Healthy-Families-Study-2013_FINAL_revised.pdf (accessed March 21, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program.  <a href=\"https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382\">https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> UGA Today. Building excellence: green cleaning program earns two national honors. <a href=\"https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/\">https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> American School &amp; University Magazine. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. <a href=\"https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia\">https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Sciencecorps. Chemical Hazards in Flood and Disasters. <a href=\"http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/\">http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/new-commercial/ec-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ewg.org/guides/cleaners/content/methodology\">EWG’s Guide to Healthy Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">US EPA Greening Your Purchase of Cleaning Products: A Guide for Federal Purchasers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice\">US EPA Safer Choice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts\">US EPA Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Green Cleaning','','inherit','closed','closed','','2139-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:14:23','2022-04-22 18:14:23','',2139,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2141',0,'revision','',0),(2142,2,'2022-04-22 18:14:23','2022-04-22 18:14:23','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Cleaning\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Cleaning? </strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning refers to using cleaning products and procedures that minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Cleaning with green or natural products can lower airborne particulate matter concentration and improve indoor air quality. Comprehensive green cleaning programs prioritize environmental and health issues as well as the appearance of the facility.</p>\n<p>The commercial cleaning industry uses an estimated 8 billion pounds of chemicals and nearly 4.5 billion pounds of paper products annually, and a shift to greener cleaning has the potential for a significant impact on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Some cleaning products can have human health impacts such as burns or respiratory or skin, eye, nose, throat problems on skin contact or through inhalation exposure, while others may contribute to long-term health problems such as cancer or disruption to the endocrine system. Chlorine bleach or ammonia, which are found in many toilet and drain cleaners, can be corrosive. These chemicals can cause immediate health problems upon skin and inhalation exposure as well as damage to the environment when they go down the drain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> </sup>When harsh chemical use is necessary, use appropriate gloves to avoid or minimize skin exposure. It is also essential to have good air circulation in the room while cleaning and never mix two different types of cleaners, particularly if the products contain chlorine (bleach) and ammonia.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_249\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-249 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Green-Cleaning-Fig-1-300x198.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" /> Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption]<p>Green cleaning programs prioritize non-toxic cleaning products and low-impact cleaning equipment and reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Green cleaning is not just about products but also about cleaning procedures such as using the appropriate quantity of the right product for a specific job or reducing the frequency of labor-intensive tasks by using less intensive cleaning and maintenance activities more often. Simple changes such as limiting food consumption to specific areas can reduce cleaning needs and can also be part of an integrated pest management plan, reducing the need for toxic pest management chemicals in the building (see <em>Integrated Pest Management</em>). Green cleaning requires a holistic approach that includes the careful selection and use of products and equipment, a reevaluation of cleaning procedures, comprehensive custodial training, and orientation to green cleaning policies and procedures for all building occupants.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Green Cleaning </strong></h2>\n<p>As part of a building’s Operations &amp; Maintenance plan, develop a green cleaning program that prioritizes green or natural products, green cleaning services, and training staff in green cleaning practices <em>(</em>see <em>Operator and Occupant Training</em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_469\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-469 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Green-Cleaning-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"878\" height=\"214\" /> Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]<p>The Healthy Children and Family Study, conducted by Rutgers University, found that the use of a mop with a microfiber cloth and the use of vinegar and baking soda as cleaners lowered airborne particulate matter concentration. Vacuuming with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters help remove particulate matter and volatile organic compounds from the air.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) refers to products or services that have less impact on human health and the environment than competing products or services that serve the same purpose.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Choose environmentally preferable products that are rated green by independent, third-party organizations such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">Greenguard</a>, <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, or <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/learn-about-safer-choice-label\">US EPA’s Safer Choice program</a>. It is also important to check product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).  Custodial equipment, such as vacuums, and green cleaning services can also earn third-party certification through programs like the <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/seal-of-approval-program/vacuums/\">Carpet and Rug Institute Seal of Approval Program</a> and <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/products-services/\">Green Seal</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a green cleaning program offers the following benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect the health and safety of building occupants and cleaning professionals.</li>\n<li>Reduce toxic chemicals in the indoor and outdoor environment and reduce the amount of hazardous waste requiring disposal.</li>\n<li>Improve indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Promote better inventory management of chemicals and equipment.</li>\n<li>Reduce liability through safety training.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Over the long-term, green cleaning can reduce the total cost of cleaning through reducing or eliminating hazardous cleaning chemicals. Because there are fewer toxic chemicals that employees must work with, liability exposure also is reduced. Similarly, with fewer toxic chemicals to store, track, maintain and dispose of, the cost of complying with regulatory requirements is reduced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> The University of Georgia’s facilities cleaning program, implemented by the Physical Plant’s building services’ department, earned recognition for a focus on cost-saving and workplace safety. The program covers 9.7 million square feet and includes a Building Services Academy that trains all department employees in green cleaning policies and procedures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The University of Georgia’s program documented benefits such as a decrease in employee respiratory complaints associated with cleaning chemicals, a decrease in the number of severe employee injuries from slips/falls, and significant cost savings from transitioning from traditional cleaners to green cleaners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many green cleaning products are cost-competitive with traditional products, and green cleaning programs offer the added benefit of protecting human health and the environment. Also, when combined with daily cleaning, green cleaning can reduce a building’s energy usage by not requiring additional energy usage during off hours.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning reduces the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals and products that can pose health hazards to the public and damage to natural resources. Reducing the need to store toxic chemicals and products helps reduce the risk, and danger of toxic substances spills or releases into the environment during an extreme event such as flooding or other disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Minimizing the risk of toxic material spills and leaks help protect the public as well as those engaged in clean up and remediation activities, making it easier to recover after an unexpected event.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program. <a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program--8382\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program–8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> American Lung Association. Cleaning Supplies and Household Chemicals. <a href=\"https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html\">https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Cleveland Clinic. Household Chemical Products and Their Health Risks. <a href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk\">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk</a> (accessed March 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Andrews, C.J., Mainelis, G., Wener, R., Sorensen Allacci, M., Plotnik, D., Senick, J., Feygina, I., Autote, O., Ramkumar, S., Pryce, T., Marathe, R. and Ding, J. “Expanding the Definition of Green: Impacts of Green and Active Living Design on Health in Low Income Housing: Added Value of Behavioral Interventions as part of an Integrated Service Delivery Model”. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building &amp; Associates for U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2013. At http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HUD-Expanding-the-Definition-of-Green-Healthy-Families-Study-2013_FINAL_revised.pdf (accessed March 21, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program.  <a href=\"https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382\">https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> UGA Today. Building excellence: green cleaning program earns two national honors. <a href=\"https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/\">https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> American School &amp; University Magazine. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. <a href=\"https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia\">https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Sciencecorps. Chemical Hazards in Flood and Disasters. <a href=\"http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/\">http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/new-commercial/ec-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ewg.org/guides/cleaners/content/methodology\">EWG’s Guide to Healthy Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">US EPA Greening Your Purchase of Cleaning Products: A Guide for Federal Purchasers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice\">US EPA Safer Choice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts\">US EPA Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Green Cleaning','','inherit','closed','closed','','2139-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:14:23','2022-04-22 18:14:23','',2139,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2142',0,'revision','',0),(2143,2,'2022-04-22 18:14:27','2022-04-22 18:14:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Cleaning\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Cleaning? </strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning refers to using cleaning products and procedures that minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Cleaning with green or natural products can lower airborne particulate matter concentration and improve indoor air quality. Comprehensive green cleaning programs prioritize environmental and health issues as well as the appearance of the facility.</p>\n<p>The commercial cleaning industry uses an estimated 8 billion pounds of chemicals and nearly 4.5 billion pounds of paper products annually, and a shift to greener cleaning has the potential for a significant impact on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Some cleaning products can have human health impacts such as burns or respiratory or skin, eye, nose, throat problems on skin contact or through inhalation exposure, while others may contribute to long-term health problems such as cancer or disruption to the endocrine system. Chlorine bleach or ammonia, which are found in many toilet and drain cleaners, can be corrosive. These chemicals can cause immediate health problems upon skin and inhalation exposure as well as damage to the environment when they go down the drain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> </sup>When harsh chemical use is necessary, use appropriate gloves to avoid or minimize skin exposure. It is also essential to have good air circulation in the room while cleaning and never mix two different types of cleaners, particularly if the products contain chlorine (bleach) and ammonia.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_249\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-249 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Green-Cleaning-Fig-1-300x198.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" /> Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption]<p>Green cleaning programs prioritize non-toxic cleaning products and low-impact cleaning equipment and reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Green cleaning is not just about products but also about cleaning procedures such as using the appropriate quantity of the right product for a specific job or reducing the frequency of labor-intensive tasks by using less intensive cleaning and maintenance activities more often. Simple changes such as limiting food consumption to specific areas can reduce cleaning needs and can also be part of an integrated pest management plan, reducing the need for toxic pest management chemicals in the building (see <em>Integrated Pest Management</em>). Green cleaning requires a holistic approach that includes the careful selection and use of products and equipment, a reevaluation of cleaning procedures, comprehensive custodial training, and orientation to green cleaning policies and procedures for all building occupants.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Green Cleaning </strong></h2>\n<p>As part of a building’s Operations &amp; Maintenance plan, develop a green cleaning program that prioritizes green or natural products, green cleaning services, and training staff in green cleaning practices <em>(</em>see <em>Operator and Occupant Training</em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_469\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-469 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Green-Cleaning-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"878\" height=\"214\" /> Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]<p>The Healthy Children and Family Study, conducted by Rutgers University, found that the use of a mop with a microfiber cloth and the use of vinegar and baking soda as cleaners lowered airborne particulate matter concentration. Vacuuming with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters help remove particulate matter and volatile organic compounds from the air.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) refers to products or services that have less impact on human health and the environment than competing products or services that serve the same purpose.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Choose environmentally preferable products that are rated green by independent, third-party organizations such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">Greenguard</a>, <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, or <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/learn-about-safer-choice-label\">US EPA’s Safer Choice program</a>. It is also important to check product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).  Custodial equipment, such as vacuums, and green cleaning services can also earn third-party certification through programs like the <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/seal-of-approval-program/vacuums/\">Carpet and Rug Institute Seal of Approval Program</a> and <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/products-services/\">Green Seal</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a green cleaning program offers the following benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect the health and safety of building occupants and cleaning professionals.</li>\n<li>Reduce toxic chemicals in the indoor and outdoor environment and reduce the amount of hazardous waste requiring disposal.</li>\n<li>Improve indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Promote better inventory management of chemicals and equipment.</li>\n<li>Reduce liability through safety training.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Over the long-term, green cleaning can reduce the total cost of cleaning through reducing or eliminating hazardous cleaning chemicals. Because there are fewer toxic chemicals that employees must work with, liability exposure also is reduced. Similarly, with fewer toxic chemicals to store, track, maintain and dispose of, the cost of complying with regulatory requirements is reduced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> The University of Georgia’s facilities cleaning program, implemented by the Physical Plant’s building services’ department, earned recognition for a focus on cost-saving and workplace safety. The program covers 9.7 million square feet and includes a Building Services Academy that trains all department employees in green cleaning policies and procedures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The University of Georgia’s program documented benefits such as a decrease in employee respiratory complaints associated with cleaning chemicals, a decrease in the number of severe employee injuries from slips/falls, and significant cost savings from transitioning from traditional cleaners to green cleaners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many green cleaning products are cost-competitive with traditional products, and green cleaning programs offer the added benefit of protecting human health and the environment. Also, when combined with daily cleaning, green cleaning can reduce a building’s energy usage by not requiring additional energy usage during off hours.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning reduces the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals and products that can pose health hazards to the public and damage to natural resources. Reducing the need to store toxic chemicals and products helps reduce the risk, and danger of toxic substances spills or releases into the environment during an extreme event such as flooding or other disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Minimizing the risk of toxic material spills and leaks help protect the public as well as those engaged in clean up and remediation activities, making it easier to recover after an unexpected event.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program. <a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program--8382\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program–8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> American Lung Association. Cleaning Supplies and Household Chemicals. <a href=\"https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html\">https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Cleveland Clinic. Household Chemical Products and Their Health Risks. <a href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk\">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk</a> (accessed March 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Andrews, C.J., Mainelis, G., Wener, R., Sorensen Allacci, M., Plotnik, D., Senick, J., Feygina, I., Autote, O., Ramkumar, S., Pryce, T., Marathe, R. and Ding, J. “Expanding the Definition of Green: Impacts of Green and Active Living Design on Health in Low Income Housing: Added Value of Behavioral Interventions as part of an Integrated Service Delivery Model”. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building &amp; Associates for U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2013. At http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HUD-Expanding-the-Definition-of-Green-Healthy-Families-Study-2013_FINAL_revised.pdf (accessed March 21, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program.  <a href=\"https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382\">https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> UGA Today. Building excellence: green cleaning program earns two national honors. <a href=\"https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/\">https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> American School &amp; University Magazine. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. <a href=\"https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia\">https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Sciencecorps. Chemical Hazards in Flood and Disasters. <a href=\"http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/\">http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/new-commercial/ec-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ewg.org/guides/cleaners/content/methodology\">EWG’s Guide to Healthy Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">US EPA Greening Your Purchase of Cleaning Products: A Guide for Federal Purchasers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice\">US EPA Safer Choice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts\">US EPA Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Green Cleaning','','inherit','closed','closed','','2139-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:14:27','2022-04-22 18:14:27','',2139,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2143',0,'revision','',0),(2144,2,'2022-04-22 18:17:00','2022-04-22 18:17:00','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Pest Management\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Integrated Pest Management? </strong></h2>\n<p>Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a practical and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that applies to both interiors and exteriors of buildings. It is a decision-making process with a goal of solving pest problems with the least toxic method.  IPM programs use comprehensive information on the life cycles of pests and their interaction with the environment. This information, in combination with available pest control methods, is used to manage pest damage by the most economical means, and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Pesticides can contribute to indoor air quality problems, and other hazards include acute, immediate toxicity to humans and other non-target organisms; chronic or long-term toxicity such as cancer; and potential to contaminate air, or ground and surface water.  Some pests develop a resistance to specific pesticides, and in turn, require stronger chemicals for pest control.  Pesticide labels, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and resources such as <a href=\"http://www.pesticideinfo.org\">Pesticide Action Network Pesticide Database</a> provide information on many of these potential hazards for specific pesticides.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> MSDS are documents prepared by a product’s manufacturer to provide information on the safe use and potential hazards of a product.</p>\n<p>In structural pest control (pest control in and around buildings), IPM focuses mainly on eliminating or reducing sources of food, water, and hiding spots that are available to pests, and limiting pest access into and throughout buildings. Control measures such as sanitation and building maintenance are essential aspects of a structural IPM program. Success requires the collaborative efforts of everyone involved in the management and maintenance of a building including service contractors, tenants, custodians, and other employees. Education and cooperation are necessary parts of any IPM program.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_472\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"580\"]<img class=\"wp-image-472 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-IPM-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – A typical household cockroach (Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnas/3481624912/)\" width=\"580\" height=\"390\" /> Figure 1 – A typical household cockroach (Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnas/3481624912/)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Integrated Pest Management</strong></h2>\n<p>Each IPM program is designed around individual pest prevention goals and eradication needs, considered in the context of the environment or setting. Although tailored for each setting, most successful IPM programs use the same four-tiered approach that includes 1) <strong>Setting action thresholds</strong> or defining the level for controlling a pest. 2) <strong>Monitoring and identifying</strong> pests. This step helps identify if and what pest problems exist and helps reduce the unnecessary use of pesticides. 3) <strong>Prevention</strong>, which includes proactive methods to prevent pests from becoming a threat such as repairing structural damage in a building and good garbage management. 4) <strong>Control</strong>. If necessary, implement strategic control methods such as mechanical control (trapping), or highly targeted chemicals. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>IPM recommendations developed Rutgers University identifies regular monitoring, repairing structural damage, proper sanitation and a combination of non-chemical/low-impact pesticides as critical components of a typical structural IPM program (see Figure 2).</p>\n<p>Hiring a vendor who uses IPM practices help ensure the safe and effective management of pests in and around the building. It is likely that vendors recommend cleaning up areas and making repairs. Simple changes may include cleaning up break rooms and not overwatering plants. More complex and expensive changes may involve patching holes and crevices, repairing leaks, sealing floor drains and vents, sealing cracks and other access areas for pests, and installing door sweeps. Some vendors may provide training sessions for office and maintenance staff. Designate a knowledgeable, trained staff member to work with the pest control operator and building-maintenance personnel to implement  IPM recommendations are followed. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_261\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"760\"]<img class=\"wp-image-261 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-IPM-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"(Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building and Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Cooperative Extension. A Guide to Integrated Pest Management. 2012.)\" width=\"760\" height=\"574\" /> (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building and Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Cooperative Extension. A Guide to Integrated Pest Management. 2012.)[/caption]\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf\">NJ School District Overcomes Pest Control Challenges</a></p>\n<p>Paterson Public School District, NJ’s third-largest district, began the implementation of a comprehensive IPM program in 2009.  In the years since the district has experienced reduced pests, improved health of staff and students and a better understanding of the role of IPM and indoor air quality plays creating a healthy and safe environment for education.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Integrated Pest Management:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Promotes sound structures and healthy plants</li>\n<li>Improves pest control</li>\n<li>Promotes sustainable bio-based pest management alternatives</li>\n<li>Reduces the environmental risk associated with pest management by encouraging the adoption of more ecologically benign control tactics</li>\n<li>Reduces or eliminates issues related to pesticide residue</li>\n<li>Decreases workers, tenants and public exposure to pesticides</li>\n<li>Reduces concern of the public about pests &amp; pesticide-related practices</li>\n<li>Maintains or increases the cost-effectiveness of pest management programs<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n<li>Prevents the contamination of indoor air, buildings, soil, and water and keeps hazardous chemicals out of the food chain</li>\n<li>Protects people (especially children and other vulnerable populations), animals and beneficial plants and insects from toxic exposures</li>\n<li>Demonstrates responsible stewardship of environmental and community resources<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>IPM can reduce long-term pest management costs. Often IPM programs cost the same or less than traditional pest management programs. Costs may rise during the transition period as new equipment is acquired or after building upgrades. IPM can reduce costs by eliminating regular pesticide spraying, but those savings may be redirected toward preventive practices, such as training employees, inspecting for pests, and investing in building and landscaping improvements. Over time these budget shifts balance out, and improved maintenance, better sanitation and making repairs help make the building more attractive to everyone except pests.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Minimizing the use of hazardous pesticides reduces the risk of spills and contamination during an emergency event.  Less risk of pesticide exposure or dangerous chemical combinations makes clean up and recovery less dangerous and more efficient. Managing pests through an effective and environmentally sensitive program helps create a healthier indoor environment that can help protect occupant health.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> The IPM Institute of North America. <a href=\"http://www.ipminstitute.org/faq.htm#Whatarepesticiderisks\">http://www.ipminstitute.org/faq.htm#Whatarepesticiderisks</a>? (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Nyc.gov Integrated Pest Management Toolkit. <a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/pesticide/ipm-toolkit.pdf\">https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/pesticide/ipm-toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Anderson, Marcia. US EPA. PESPWire Fall 2017. NJ School District Overcomes Pest Control Challenges (4-5). <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed March 26, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> City of Newton. IPM Policy. <a href=\"https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Newton,_MA_Integrated_Pest_Management_Policy\">https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Newton,_MA_Integrated_Pest_Management_Policy</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed March 26, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">Integrated Pest Management Kit for Building Managers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ipminstitute.org/what-is-integrated-pest-management/\">IPM Institute of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/enforcement/pcp/ipm-pilot.htm\">NJ School Integrated Pest Management Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://northeastipm.org/index.cfm\">Northeastern IPM Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.pestmanagement.rutgers.edu/IPM/index.htm\">Rutgers Cooperative Extension Pest Management – IPM Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=80&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=fdfbb1a30ba416e3001381ee48764cb7\">Sustainable Jersey – Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">US EPA Integrated Pest Management Principles</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pesp\">US EPA Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Integrated Pest Management','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-integrated-pest-management','','','2022-04-22 18:17:03','2022-04-22 18:17:03','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2144',0,'post','',0),(2145,2,'2022-04-22 18:15:19','2022-04-22 18:15:19','','EC Integrated Pest Management','','inherit','closed','closed','','2144-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:15:19','2022-04-22 18:15:19','',2144,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2145',0,'revision','',0),(2147,2,'2022-04-22 18:17:00','2022-04-22 18:17:00','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Integrated Pest Management\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Integrated Pest Management? </strong></h2>\n<p>Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a practical and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that applies to both interiors and exteriors of buildings. It is a decision-making process with a goal of solving pest problems with the least toxic method.  IPM programs use comprehensive information on the life cycles of pests and their interaction with the environment. This information, in combination with available pest control methods, is used to manage pest damage by the most economical means, and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>Pesticides can contribute to indoor air quality problems, and other hazards include acute, immediate toxicity to humans and other non-target organisms; chronic or long-term toxicity such as cancer; and potential to contaminate air, or ground and surface water.  Some pests develop a resistance to specific pesticides, and in turn, require stronger chemicals for pest control.  Pesticide labels, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and resources such as <a href=\"http://www.pesticideinfo.org\">Pesticide Action Network Pesticide Database</a> provide information on many of these potential hazards for specific pesticides.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> MSDS are documents prepared by a product’s manufacturer to provide information on the safe use and potential hazards of a product.</p>\n<p>In structural pest control (pest control in and around buildings), IPM focuses mainly on eliminating or reducing sources of food, water, and hiding spots that are available to pests, and limiting pest access into and throughout buildings. Control measures such as sanitation and building maintenance are essential aspects of a structural IPM program. Success requires the collaborative efforts of everyone involved in the management and maintenance of a building including service contractors, tenants, custodians, and other employees. Education and cooperation are necessary parts of any IPM program.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_472\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"580\"]<img class=\"wp-image-472 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-IPM-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – A typical household cockroach (Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnas/3481624912/)\" width=\"580\" height=\"390\" /> Figure 1 – A typical household cockroach (Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnas/3481624912/)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Integrated Pest Management</strong></h2>\n<p>Each IPM program is designed around individual pest prevention goals and eradication needs, considered in the context of the environment or setting. Although tailored for each setting, most successful IPM programs use the same four-tiered approach that includes 1) <strong>Setting action thresholds</strong> or defining the level for controlling a pest. 2) <strong>Monitoring and identifying</strong> pests. This step helps identify if and what pest problems exist and helps reduce the unnecessary use of pesticides. 3) <strong>Prevention</strong>, which includes proactive methods to prevent pests from becoming a threat such as repairing structural damage in a building and good garbage management. 4) <strong>Control</strong>. If necessary, implement strategic control methods such as mechanical control (trapping), or highly targeted chemicals. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>IPM recommendations developed Rutgers University identifies regular monitoring, repairing structural damage, proper sanitation and a combination of non-chemical/low-impact pesticides as critical components of a typical structural IPM program (see Figure 2).</p>\n<p>Hiring a vendor who uses IPM practices help ensure the safe and effective management of pests in and around the building. It is likely that vendors recommend cleaning up areas and making repairs. Simple changes may include cleaning up break rooms and not overwatering plants. More complex and expensive changes may involve patching holes and crevices, repairing leaks, sealing floor drains and vents, sealing cracks and other access areas for pests, and installing door sweeps. Some vendors may provide training sessions for office and maintenance staff. Designate a knowledgeable, trained staff member to work with the pest control operator and building-maintenance personnel to implement  IPM recommendations are followed. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_261\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"760\"]<img class=\"wp-image-261 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-IPM-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"(Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building and Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Cooperative Extension. A Guide to Integrated Pest Management. 2012.)\" width=\"760\" height=\"574\" /> (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building and Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Cooperative Extension. A Guide to Integrated Pest Management. 2012.)[/caption]\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf\">NJ School District Overcomes Pest Control Challenges</a></p>\n<p>Paterson Public School District, NJ’s third-largest district, began the implementation of a comprehensive IPM program in 2009.  In the years since the district has experienced reduced pests, improved health of staff and students and a better understanding of the role of IPM and indoor air quality plays creating a healthy and safe environment for education.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Integrated Pest Management:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Promotes sound structures and healthy plants</li>\n<li>Improves pest control</li>\n<li>Promotes sustainable bio-based pest management alternatives</li>\n<li>Reduces the environmental risk associated with pest management by encouraging the adoption of more ecologically benign control tactics</li>\n<li>Reduces or eliminates issues related to pesticide residue</li>\n<li>Decreases workers, tenants and public exposure to pesticides</li>\n<li>Reduces concern of the public about pests &amp; pesticide-related practices</li>\n<li>Maintains or increases the cost-effectiveness of pest management programs<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n<li>Prevents the contamination of indoor air, buildings, soil, and water and keeps hazardous chemicals out of the food chain</li>\n<li>Protects people (especially children and other vulnerable populations), animals and beneficial plants and insects from toxic exposures</li>\n<li>Demonstrates responsible stewardship of environmental and community resources<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>IPM can reduce long-term pest management costs. Often IPM programs cost the same or less than traditional pest management programs. Costs may rise during the transition period as new equipment is acquired or after building upgrades. IPM can reduce costs by eliminating regular pesticide spraying, but those savings may be redirected toward preventive practices, such as training employees, inspecting for pests, and investing in building and landscaping improvements. Over time these budget shifts balance out, and improved maintenance, better sanitation and making repairs help make the building more attractive to everyone except pests.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Minimizing the use of hazardous pesticides reduces the risk of spills and contamination during an emergency event.  Less risk of pesticide exposure or dangerous chemical combinations makes clean up and recovery less dangerous and more efficient. Managing pests through an effective and environmentally sensitive program helps create a healthier indoor environment that can help protect occupant health.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> The IPM Institute of North America. <a href=\"http://www.ipminstitute.org/faq.htm#Whatarepesticiderisks\">http://www.ipminstitute.org/faq.htm#Whatarepesticiderisks</a>? (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Nyc.gov Integrated Pest Management Toolkit. <a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/pesticide/ipm-toolkit.pdf\">https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/pesticide/ipm-toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Anderson, Marcia. US EPA. PESPWire Fall 2017. NJ School District Overcomes Pest Control Challenges (4-5). <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/pespwire_fall_2017_final_optimized.pdf</a> (accessed December 28, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed March 26, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> City of Newton. IPM Policy. <a href=\"https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Newton,_MA_Integrated_Pest_Management_Policy\">https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Newton,_MA_Integrated_Pest_Management_Policy</a> (accessed December 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Mass.gov. IPM Kit for Building Managers. <a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf</a> (accessed March 26, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/08/wk/ipm-kit-for-bldg-mgrs.pdf\">Integrated Pest Management Kit for Building Managers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ipminstitute.org/what-is-integrated-pest-management/\">IPM Institute of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/enforcement/pcp/ipm-pilot.htm\">NJ School Integrated Pest Management Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://northeastipm.org/index.cfm\">Northeastern IPM Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.pestmanagement.rutgers.edu/IPM/index.htm\">Rutgers Cooperative Extension Pest Management – IPM Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=80&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=fdfbb1a30ba416e3001381ee48764cb7\">Sustainable Jersey – Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles\">US EPA Integrated Pest Management Principles</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pesp\">US EPA Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Integrated Pest Management','','inherit','closed','closed','','2144-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:17:00','2022-04-22 18:17:00','',2144,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2147',0,'revision','',0),(2149,2,'2022-04-22 18:22:05','2022-04-22 18:22:05','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Moisture Control\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Moisture Control?</strong></h2>\n<p>Moisture control is a strategy to minimize excessive moisture in the indoor environment. Excess moisture is at the center of many problems related to building durability and indoor air quality in all types of buildings in a wide range of climates. Excessive moisture in buildings can result from many causes: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rainwater leaks through roofs and walls</li>\n<li>Leakage of moist air</li>\n<li>Diffusion of moisture through walls, roofs, and floors</li>\n<li>Groundwater intrusion into basements and crawl spaces through walls and floors</li>\n<li>Leaking or burst water pipes</li>\n<li>Indoor moisture sources</li>\n<li>Construction moisture</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Moisture problems can lead to the growth of mold and mildew; individuals with allergies and other respiratory issues can be sensitive to mold and mildew spores in the air. Mold and mildew are part of the natural environment and are present in the air. However, they become an issue when their concentrations become high. It is challenging to prevent any mold or mildew growth, or to eliminate it; however, it is possible to control their presence within acceptable limits. In addition to mold, other microorganisms (e.g., bacteria), as well as pests (e.g., mites, cockroaches, and insects) that are known to infest buildings also depend on moisture to survive. Excessively high moisture content in thermal insulation can also reduce the effectiveness of insulation by as much as 50%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Implementing moisture control can both protect structures from rot and deterioration and protect occupants from exposure to mold and bacteria.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the following are primary causes of indoor moisture problems in new buildings:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of building materials that are repeatedly or deeply wetted before the building is fully enclosed.</li>\n<li>Poor control of rain and snow resulting in roof and flashing leaks.</li>\n<li>Wet or damp construction cavities.</li>\n<li>Moisture-laden outdoor air entering the building.</li>\n<li>Condensation on cool surfaces.</li>\n</ul>\n[caption id=\"attachment_232\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1026\"]<img class=\"wp-image-232 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Moisture-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"1026\" height=\"410\" /> Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Moisture Control</strong></h2>\n<p>Proper construction of the building envelope to reduce the migration of warm and humid air from entering wall and other cavities is critical for controlling moisture. The building envelope is the physical barrier between indoors and outdoors that encloses the structure, including the foundation, roof, floor, ceiling, and walls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Specific recommendations include proper use of vapor retarders on the warm, humid side of the insulation, using vapor barriers to isolate concrete slabs from moist soil, adequate ventilation of areas where moisture can accumulate, and ensuring proper flashing around windows, rooflines, and capillary breaks on footings.</p>\n<p>Critical strategies for reducing moisture in new construction include<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keeping construction material dry before installation (and drying any materials that get wet within 24-48 hours).</li>\n<li>Designing roof systems that prevent accumulation of moisture from rain and snow from penetrating roof surfaces.</li>\n<li>Ensuring fresh air intakes for ventilation system have outwardly sloped louvers to reduce the introduction of water during rainfall.</li>\n<li>Grading soil around buildings to move water away from the building, reducing moisture seepage into foundation walls, and avoiding the addition of large areas of impervious surfaces (which can increase the cost and size of stormwater management systems).</li>\n<li>Incorporating covered entryways to reduce moisture introduction during wet weather.</li>\n<li>Right-sizing HVAC systems so that they operate long enough to reduce airborne humidity.</li>\n<li>Using dehumidifiers.</li>\n<li>Insulating ductwork, refrigeration and water lines to minimize condensation problems.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.achrnews.com/articles/136030-projects-highlight-air-quality-energy-efficiency-and-comfort-goals\">The Atlantic Club – Red Bank, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Atlantic Club’s new dehumidifier significantly improved the indoor air quality of the 33,000 sf club. The new system reduced maintenance costs, generated annual energy savings and increased indoor comfort.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the longevity of the building, materials, and systems</li>\n<li>Reduces the costs of replacing or repairing materials and systems</li>\n<li>Protects the health of building occupants</li>\n<li>Reduces life-cycle costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In addition to contributing to poor indoor air quality, excessive moisture in a building can lead to structural damage, deterioration of the performance of building systems and components, and cosmetic damage, all of which can result in increased maintenance and repair costs. Designing for effective moisture management protects occupant health and can lower facility maintenance costs over the lifetime of the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategies such as comprehensive waterproofing up to the design flood elevation, using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can all contribute to more resilient structures. Incorporating moisture control measures such as these into new construction can help develop a built environment that endures and recovers from hazardous events such as storms and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA – Moisture Control, Part of Indoor Air Quality Design Tools for Schools <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools\">https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools</a> (accessed May 21, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USDOE. Better Buildings Initiative. Building Envelope. <a href=\"https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope\">https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope</a> (accessed November 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US EPA. Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction, and Maintenance. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf</a> (accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> The National Academies Press. Building Envelope, Moisture Management, and Health. <a href=\"http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25\">http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations</a> (accessed December 1, 2018)</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management (IPM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=moisture+control\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/i-beam/text/renovation_new_construction.html\">IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.shelterecology.com/articles/art_Moisture.html\">Moisture Control in Buildings: Putting Building Science in Green Building</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/ceohs/environmental-occupational/mold/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health – Environmental and Indoor Health</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-quality-offices-and-other-large-buildings\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality in Offices and Other Large Buildings (see ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Design Guide available for free download)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Environmental Protection Agency</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction and Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/mold/topics-related-mold-and-moisture\">Topics Related to Mold and Moisture</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/promote_health.php\">Promote Health and Well-Being</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Moisture Control','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-moisture-control','','','2022-04-22 18:22:08','2022-04-22 18:22:08','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2149',0,'post','',0),(2150,2,'2022-04-22 18:21:00','2022-04-22 18:21:00','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','2149-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:21:00','2022-04-22 18:21:00','',2149,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2150',0,'revision','',0),(2152,2,'2022-04-22 18:22:05','2022-04-22 18:22:05','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Moisture Control\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Moisture Control?</strong></h2>\n<p>Moisture control is a strategy to minimize excessive moisture in the indoor environment. Excess moisture is at the center of many problems related to building durability and indoor air quality in all types of buildings in a wide range of climates. Excessive moisture in buildings can result from many causes: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rainwater leaks through roofs and walls</li>\n<li>Leakage of moist air</li>\n<li>Diffusion of moisture through walls, roofs, and floors</li>\n<li>Groundwater intrusion into basements and crawl spaces through walls and floors</li>\n<li>Leaking or burst water pipes</li>\n<li>Indoor moisture sources</li>\n<li>Construction moisture</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Moisture problems can lead to the growth of mold and mildew; individuals with allergies and other respiratory issues can be sensitive to mold and mildew spores in the air. Mold and mildew are part of the natural environment and are present in the air. However, they become an issue when their concentrations become high. It is challenging to prevent any mold or mildew growth, or to eliminate it; however, it is possible to control their presence within acceptable limits. In addition to mold, other microorganisms (e.g., bacteria), as well as pests (e.g., mites, cockroaches, and insects) that are known to infest buildings also depend on moisture to survive. Excessively high moisture content in thermal insulation can also reduce the effectiveness of insulation by as much as 50%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Implementing moisture control can both protect structures from rot and deterioration and protect occupants from exposure to mold and bacteria.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the following are primary causes of indoor moisture problems in new buildings:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of building materials that are repeatedly or deeply wetted before the building is fully enclosed.</li>\n<li>Poor control of rain and snow resulting in roof and flashing leaks.</li>\n<li>Wet or damp construction cavities.</li>\n<li>Moisture-laden outdoor air entering the building.</li>\n<li>Condensation on cool surfaces.</li>\n</ul>\n[caption id=\"attachment_232\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1026\"]<img class=\"wp-image-232 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Moisture-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"1026\" height=\"410\" /> Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Moisture Control</strong></h2>\n<p>Proper construction of the building envelope to reduce the migration of warm and humid air from entering wall and other cavities is critical for controlling moisture. The building envelope is the physical barrier between indoors and outdoors that encloses the structure, including the foundation, roof, floor, ceiling, and walls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Specific recommendations include proper use of vapor retarders on the warm, humid side of the insulation, using vapor barriers to isolate concrete slabs from moist soil, adequate ventilation of areas where moisture can accumulate, and ensuring proper flashing around windows, rooflines, and capillary breaks on footings.</p>\n<p>Critical strategies for reducing moisture in new construction include<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keeping construction material dry before installation (and drying any materials that get wet within 24-48 hours).</li>\n<li>Designing roof systems that prevent accumulation of moisture from rain and snow from penetrating roof surfaces.</li>\n<li>Ensuring fresh air intakes for ventilation system have outwardly sloped louvers to reduce the introduction of water during rainfall.</li>\n<li>Grading soil around buildings to move water away from the building, reducing moisture seepage into foundation walls, and avoiding the addition of large areas of impervious surfaces (which can increase the cost and size of stormwater management systems).</li>\n<li>Incorporating covered entryways to reduce moisture introduction during wet weather.</li>\n<li>Right-sizing HVAC systems so that they operate long enough to reduce airborne humidity.</li>\n<li>Using dehumidifiers.</li>\n<li>Insulating ductwork, refrigeration and water lines to minimize condensation problems.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.achrnews.com/articles/136030-projects-highlight-air-quality-energy-efficiency-and-comfort-goals\">The Atlantic Club – Red Bank, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Atlantic Club’s new dehumidifier significantly improved the indoor air quality of the 33,000 sf club. The new system reduced maintenance costs, generated annual energy savings and increased indoor comfort.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the longevity of the building, materials, and systems</li>\n<li>Reduces the costs of replacing or repairing materials and systems</li>\n<li>Protects the health of building occupants</li>\n<li>Reduces life-cycle costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In addition to contributing to poor indoor air quality, excessive moisture in a building can lead to structural damage, deterioration of the performance of building systems and components, and cosmetic damage, all of which can result in increased maintenance and repair costs. Designing for effective moisture management protects occupant health and can lower facility maintenance costs over the lifetime of the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategies such as comprehensive waterproofing up to the design flood elevation, using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can all contribute to more resilient structures. Incorporating moisture control measures such as these into new construction can help develop a built environment that endures and recovers from hazardous events such as storms and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA – Moisture Control, Part of Indoor Air Quality Design Tools for Schools <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools\">https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools</a> (accessed May 21, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USDOE. Better Buildings Initiative. Building Envelope. <a href=\"https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope\">https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope</a> (accessed November 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US EPA. Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction, and Maintenance. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf</a> (accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> The National Academies Press. Building Envelope, Moisture Management, and Health. <a href=\"http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25\">http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations</a> (accessed December 1, 2018)</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management (IPM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=moisture+control\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/i-beam/text/renovation_new_construction.html\">IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.shelterecology.com/articles/art_Moisture.html\">Moisture Control in Buildings: Putting Building Science in Green Building</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/ceohs/environmental-occupational/mold/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health – Environmental and Indoor Health</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-quality-offices-and-other-large-buildings\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality in Offices and Other Large Buildings (see ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Design Guide available for free download)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Environmental Protection Agency</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction and Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/mold/topics-related-mold-and-moisture\">Topics Related to Mold and Moisture</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/promote_health.php\">Promote Health and Well-Being</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Moisture Control','','inherit','closed','closed','','2149-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:22:05','2022-04-22 18:22:05','',2149,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2152',0,'revision','',0),(2153,2,'2022-04-22 18:22:05','2022-04-22 18:22:05','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Moisture Control\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Moisture Control?</strong></h2>\n<p>Moisture control is a strategy to minimize excessive moisture in the indoor environment. Excess moisture is at the center of many problems related to building durability and indoor air quality in all types of buildings in a wide range of climates. Excessive moisture in buildings can result from many causes: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rainwater leaks through roofs and walls</li>\n<li>Leakage of moist air</li>\n<li>Diffusion of moisture through walls, roofs, and floors</li>\n<li>Groundwater intrusion into basements and crawl spaces through walls and floors</li>\n<li>Leaking or burst water pipes</li>\n<li>Indoor moisture sources</li>\n<li>Construction moisture</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Moisture problems can lead to the growth of mold and mildew; individuals with allergies and other respiratory issues can be sensitive to mold and mildew spores in the air. Mold and mildew are part of the natural environment and are present in the air. However, they become an issue when their concentrations become high. It is challenging to prevent any mold or mildew growth, or to eliminate it; however, it is possible to control their presence within acceptable limits. In addition to mold, other microorganisms (e.g., bacteria), as well as pests (e.g., mites, cockroaches, and insects) that are known to infest buildings also depend on moisture to survive. Excessively high moisture content in thermal insulation can also reduce the effectiveness of insulation by as much as 50%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Implementing moisture control can both protect structures from rot and deterioration and protect occupants from exposure to mold and bacteria.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the following are primary causes of indoor moisture problems in new buildings:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of building materials that are repeatedly or deeply wetted before the building is fully enclosed.</li>\n<li>Poor control of rain and snow resulting in roof and flashing leaks.</li>\n<li>Wet or damp construction cavities.</li>\n<li>Moisture-laden outdoor air entering the building.</li>\n<li>Condensation on cool surfaces.</li>\n</ul>\n[caption id=\"attachment_232\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1026\"]<img class=\"wp-image-232 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Moisture-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"1026\" height=\"410\" /> Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Moisture Control</strong></h2>\n<p>Proper construction of the building envelope to reduce the migration of warm and humid air from entering wall and other cavities is critical for controlling moisture. The building envelope is the physical barrier between indoors and outdoors that encloses the structure, including the foundation, roof, floor, ceiling, and walls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Specific recommendations include proper use of vapor retarders on the warm, humid side of the insulation, using vapor barriers to isolate concrete slabs from moist soil, adequate ventilation of areas where moisture can accumulate, and ensuring proper flashing around windows, rooflines, and capillary breaks on footings.</p>\n<p>Critical strategies for reducing moisture in new construction include<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keeping construction material dry before installation (and drying any materials that get wet within 24-48 hours).</li>\n<li>Designing roof systems that prevent accumulation of moisture from rain and snow from penetrating roof surfaces.</li>\n<li>Ensuring fresh air intakes for ventilation system have outwardly sloped louvers to reduce the introduction of water during rainfall.</li>\n<li>Grading soil around buildings to move water away from the building, reducing moisture seepage into foundation walls, and avoiding the addition of large areas of impervious surfaces (which can increase the cost and size of stormwater management systems).</li>\n<li>Incorporating covered entryways to reduce moisture introduction during wet weather.</li>\n<li>Right-sizing HVAC systems so that they operate long enough to reduce airborne humidity.</li>\n<li>Using dehumidifiers.</li>\n<li>Insulating ductwork, refrigeration and water lines to minimize condensation problems.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.achrnews.com/articles/136030-projects-highlight-air-quality-energy-efficiency-and-comfort-goals\">The Atlantic Club – Red Bank, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Atlantic Club’s new dehumidifier significantly improved the indoor air quality of the 33,000 sf club. The new system reduced maintenance costs, generated annual energy savings and increased indoor comfort.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the longevity of the building, materials, and systems</li>\n<li>Reduces the costs of replacing or repairing materials and systems</li>\n<li>Protects the health of building occupants</li>\n<li>Reduces life-cycle costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In addition to contributing to poor indoor air quality, excessive moisture in a building can lead to structural damage, deterioration of the performance of building systems and components, and cosmetic damage, all of which can result in increased maintenance and repair costs. Designing for effective moisture management protects occupant health and can lower facility maintenance costs over the lifetime of the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategies such as comprehensive waterproofing up to the design flood elevation, using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can all contribute to more resilient structures. Incorporating moisture control measures such as these into new construction can help develop a built environment that endures and recovers from hazardous events such as storms and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA – Moisture Control, Part of Indoor Air Quality Design Tools for Schools <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools\">https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools</a> (accessed May 21, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USDOE. Better Buildings Initiative. Building Envelope. <a href=\"https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope\">https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope</a> (accessed November 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US EPA. Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction, and Maintenance. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf</a> (accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> The National Academies Press. Building Envelope, Moisture Management, and Health. <a href=\"http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25\">http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations</a> (accessed December 1, 2018)</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management (IPM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=moisture+control\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/i-beam/text/renovation_new_construction.html\">IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.shelterecology.com/articles/art_Moisture.html\">Moisture Control in Buildings: Putting Building Science in Green Building</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/ceohs/environmental-occupational/mold/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health – Environmental and Indoor Health</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-quality-offices-and-other-large-buildings\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality in Offices and Other Large Buildings (see ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Design Guide available for free download)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Environmental Protection Agency</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction and Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/mold/topics-related-mold-and-moisture\">Topics Related to Mold and Moisture</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/promote_health.php\">Promote Health and Well-Being</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','2149-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:22:05','2022-04-22 18:22:05','',2149,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2153',0,'revision','',0),(2155,2,'2022-04-22 18:22:08','2022-04-22 18:22:08','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Moisture Control\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Moisture Control?</strong></h2>\n<p>Moisture control is a strategy to minimize excessive moisture in the indoor environment. Excess moisture is at the center of many problems related to building durability and indoor air quality in all types of buildings in a wide range of climates. Excessive moisture in buildings can result from many causes: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rainwater leaks through roofs and walls</li>\n<li>Leakage of moist air</li>\n<li>Diffusion of moisture through walls, roofs, and floors</li>\n<li>Groundwater intrusion into basements and crawl spaces through walls and floors</li>\n<li>Leaking or burst water pipes</li>\n<li>Indoor moisture sources</li>\n<li>Construction moisture</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Moisture problems can lead to the growth of mold and mildew; individuals with allergies and other respiratory issues can be sensitive to mold and mildew spores in the air. Mold and mildew are part of the natural environment and are present in the air. However, they become an issue when their concentrations become high. It is challenging to prevent any mold or mildew growth, or to eliminate it; however, it is possible to control their presence within acceptable limits. In addition to mold, other microorganisms (e.g., bacteria), as well as pests (e.g., mites, cockroaches, and insects) that are known to infest buildings also depend on moisture to survive. Excessively high moisture content in thermal insulation can also reduce the effectiveness of insulation by as much as 50%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Implementing moisture control can both protect structures from rot and deterioration and protect occupants from exposure to mold and bacteria.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the following are primary causes of indoor moisture problems in new buildings:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of building materials that are repeatedly or deeply wetted before the building is fully enclosed.</li>\n<li>Poor control of rain and snow resulting in roof and flashing leaks.</li>\n<li>Wet or damp construction cavities.</li>\n<li>Moisture-laden outdoor air entering the building.</li>\n<li>Condensation on cool surfaces.</li>\n</ul>\n[caption id=\"attachment_232\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1026\"]<img class=\"wp-image-232 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Moisture-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"1026\" height=\"410\" /> Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Moisture Control</strong></h2>\n<p>Proper construction of the building envelope to reduce the migration of warm and humid air from entering wall and other cavities is critical for controlling moisture. The building envelope is the physical barrier between indoors and outdoors that encloses the structure, including the foundation, roof, floor, ceiling, and walls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Specific recommendations include proper use of vapor retarders on the warm, humid side of the insulation, using vapor barriers to isolate concrete slabs from moist soil, adequate ventilation of areas where moisture can accumulate, and ensuring proper flashing around windows, rooflines, and capillary breaks on footings.</p>\n<p>Critical strategies for reducing moisture in new construction include<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keeping construction material dry before installation (and drying any materials that get wet within 24-48 hours).</li>\n<li>Designing roof systems that prevent accumulation of moisture from rain and snow from penetrating roof surfaces.</li>\n<li>Ensuring fresh air intakes for ventilation system have outwardly sloped louvers to reduce the introduction of water during rainfall.</li>\n<li>Grading soil around buildings to move water away from the building, reducing moisture seepage into foundation walls, and avoiding the addition of large areas of impervious surfaces (which can increase the cost and size of stormwater management systems).</li>\n<li>Incorporating covered entryways to reduce moisture introduction during wet weather.</li>\n<li>Right-sizing HVAC systems so that they operate long enough to reduce airborne humidity.</li>\n<li>Using dehumidifiers.</li>\n<li>Insulating ductwork, refrigeration and water lines to minimize condensation problems.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.achrnews.com/articles/136030-projects-highlight-air-quality-energy-efficiency-and-comfort-goals\">The Atlantic Club – Red Bank, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The Atlantic Club’s new dehumidifier significantly improved the indoor air quality of the 33,000 sf club. The new system reduced maintenance costs, generated annual energy savings and increased indoor comfort.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the longevity of the building, materials, and systems</li>\n<li>Reduces the costs of replacing or repairing materials and systems</li>\n<li>Protects the health of building occupants</li>\n<li>Reduces life-cycle costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In addition to contributing to poor indoor air quality, excessive moisture in a building can lead to structural damage, deterioration of the performance of building systems and components, and cosmetic damage, all of which can result in increased maintenance and repair costs. Designing for effective moisture management protects occupant health and can lower facility maintenance costs over the lifetime of the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategies such as comprehensive waterproofing up to the design flood elevation, using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can all contribute to more resilient structures. Incorporating moisture control measures such as these into new construction can help develop a built environment that endures and recovers from hazardous events such as storms and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA – Moisture Control, Part of Indoor Air Quality Design Tools for Schools <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools\">https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools</a> (accessed May 21, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USDOE. Better Buildings Initiative. Building Envelope. <a href=\"https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope\">https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope</a> (accessed November 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US EPA. Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction, and Maintenance. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf</a> (accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> The National Academies Press. Building Envelope, Moisture Management, and Health. <a href=\"http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25\">http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25</a> (accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations</a> (accessed December 1, 2018)</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management (IPM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=moisture+control\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/i-beam/text/renovation_new_construction.html\">IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.shelterecology.com/articles/art_Moisture.html\">Moisture Control in Buildings: Putting Building Science in Green Building</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/ceohs/environmental-occupational/mold/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health – Environmental and Indoor Health</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-quality-offices-and-other-large-buildings\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality in Offices and Other Large Buildings (see ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Design Guide available for free download)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US Environmental Protection Agency</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction and Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/mold/topics-related-mold-and-moisture\">Topics Related to Mold and Moisture</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/promote_health.php\">Promote Health and Well-Being</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Moisture Control','','inherit','closed','closed','','2149-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:22:08','2022-04-22 18:22:08','',2149,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2155',0,'revision','',0),(2156,2,'2022-04-22 18:26:34','2022-04-22 18:26:34','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Natural Ventilation\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Natural Ventilation?</h2>\n<p>Natural ventilation uses passive strategies to supply outdoor air to a building’s interior for ventilation and cooling.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Natural ventilation systems rely on natural forces, such as wind and temperature differences between a building and its environment, to drive the flow of fresh air through a building. Cross ventilation uses air-pressure differentials caused by wind, and stack ventilation uses the increased buoyancy of air as it warms up.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Both work on the principle of air moving from a high-pressure to a low-pressure zone.</p>\n<p>Many modern commercial buildings utilize tightly sealed building envelopes and mechanical HVAC systems to achieve energy efficiency (see <em><i>Air Infiltration</i></em>). Natural ventilation strategies can introduce fresh air to airtight buildings, replacing all or part of a mechanical system, and reduce energy and operating costs and improve indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Mixed-mode systems use a combination of natural ventilation from operable windows (either manually or sensor controlled) and mechanical systems that include air distribution equipment and refrigeration equipment for cooling (see <em><i>Demand Control Ventilation</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<h2>How to Implement Natural Ventilation</h2>\n<p>Implementing a successful natural ventilation design or mixed-mode system requires an understanding of the local climate, intended building use, building geometry, and occupant behavior (see <em><i>Building Orientation, Tree Protection and Placement, </i></em>and <em><i>Building Evaluation</i></em>). For example, in coastal locations, desirable cool sea breezes can reduce cooling loads. It is important to be aware that outdoor air in these areas may also have high moisture content that needs to be managed (see <em><i>Moisture Control</i></em>). Other locations may not be ideal for natural ventilation due to local sources of air pollution, allergens, or outdoor noises. The design of internal spaces and the size and placement of openings in the building impacts ventilation as well.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Operable windows, fans, and corridors help direct airflow using natural ventilation principles (see <em><i>Individual Comfort Controls</i></em> and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>).</p>\n<p>For naturally ventilated spaces, the Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance requirement for LEEDv4 Operations + Maintenance Existing Buildings refers to the natural ventilation procedure from ASHRAE Standard 62.1–2010 (or a local equivalent, whichever is more stringent).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu/\">CoolVent</a> is a natural ventilation simulation tool developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to evaluate the effects of different natural ventilation strategies on a building’s energy use and occupant comfort. The CoolVent website also provides resources and case studies about natural ventilation (see <em><i>Energy Modeling</i></em>).</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.phius.org/phius-certification-for-buildings-products\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS+ 2018)</a> building certification sets standards for airtight construction, and natural and controlled mechanical ventilation for all types of high-performance, energy-efficient buildings. The International Passive House Association (iPHA) provides a program and resources that address <a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">refurbishment with passive house components</a>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The Passive House Institute developed the iPHA to promote the Passive House Standard wordwide.</p>\n<h3>Example</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170103003524/https://buildingdata.energy.gov/project/zion-national-park-visitor-center\">Zion Canyon Visitor Center, Springdale, UT.</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"></a></p>\n<p>High, operable, clerestory windows, controlled by the building’s energy management system, cool the Zion Canyon Visitor Center by allowing hot air to escape while low windows introduce cool air at ground level (see Figure 1).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_460\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1366\"]<img class=\"wp-image-460 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Natural-Ventilation-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Drawing of natural ventilation features at Zion Canyon Visitor Center. Source: NREL and NPS drawings\" width=\"1366\" height=\"846\" /> Figure 1 – Drawing of natural ventilation features at Zion Canyon Visitor Center. Source: NREL and NPS drawings[/caption]\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Natural ventilation strategies can reduce energy use, and lower energy bills and installation and maintenance costs by allowing for smaller mechanical systems and extending the life of HVAC equipment. When part of a mixed-mode system, natural ventilation can increase occupant satisfaction and indoor air quality by offering occupants greater personal control over thermal comfort, ventilation levels, and connection to the outdoors (see <em><i>Biophilia</i></em>).</p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>A study by Carnegie Mellon found that natural ventilation and mixed-mode conditioning can achieve 0.8-1.3% savings on health costs, 3-18% productivity gains and 47-79% in HVAC energy savings, for an average ROI of at least 120%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>In the event of power outages and the loss of air conditioning, natural ventilation can maintain thermal comfort for building occupants, particularly at night, when colder outside air can mix with warmer air inside the building (see <em><i>Building Flush</i></em>). Mixed-mode systems add redundancy and flexibility to the building’s ventilation and HVAC systems, providing back-up during power-outages, mechanical failures, security threats, or the release of air-borne contaminants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Natural Ventilation. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/natural-ventilation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/natural-ventilation</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> CoolVent. 2018. Basics of Natural Ventilation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. <a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu/intro-to-natural-ventilation/basics-of-natural-ventilation/\">http://coolvent.mit.edu/intro-to-natural-ventilation/basics-of-natural-ventilation/</a> (accessed February 16,2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> WindowMaster. Cost and Performance – <em><i>A design-led approach to effective natural ventilation</i></em>. <a href=\"https://www.windowmaster.com/white-papers\">https://www.windowmaster.com/white-papers</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Center for the Built Environment (CBE) Berkeley University. What is Mixed Mode? <a href=\"https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html\">https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> WBDG. Natural Ventilation.  <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php</a> (accessed March 12, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> USGBC. Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance.  <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/existing-buildings/v4/eq103\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/existing-buildings/v4/eq103</a> (accessed February 16, 2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Passipedia. Refurbishment with Passive House Components. <a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components</a> (accessed February 16, 2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> NREL. Zion Visitor Center Brochure <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/29315.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/29315.pdf</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Carnegie Mellon (2004), Guidelines for High-Performance Buildings. Ventilation and Productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-building-evaluation/\">Building Evaluation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-control-ventilation/\">Demand Control Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ashrae.org/\">American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html\">CBE Berkeley Mixed-Mode Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu\">CoolVent – The Natural Ventilation Simulation Tool by MIT</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phius.org/phius-certification-for-buildings-products/phius-2018-getting-to-zero\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS +2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">Passipedia – Refurbishment with Passive House Components</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/37542.pdf\">Torcellini et al. S. Lessons Learned from Case Studies of Six High-Performance Buildings. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Natural Ventilation P 52-63.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Natural Ventilation','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-natural-ventilation','','','2022-06-23 17:59:41','2022-06-23 17:59:41','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2156',0,'post','',0),(2157,2,'2022-04-22 18:22:28','2022-04-22 18:22:28','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','2156-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:22:28','2022-04-22 18:22:28','',2156,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2157',0,'revision','',0),(2159,2,'2022-04-22 18:26:34','2022-04-22 18:26:34','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Natural Ventilation\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Natural Ventilation?</h2>\n<p>Natural ventilation uses passive strategies to supply outdoor air to a building’s interior for ventilation and cooling.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Natural ventilation systems rely on natural forces, such as wind and temperature differences between a building and its environment, to drive the flow of fresh air through a building. Cross ventilation uses air-pressure differentials caused by wind, and stack ventilation uses the increased buoyancy of air as it warms up.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Both work on the principle of air moving from a high-pressure to a low-pressure zone.</p>\n<p>Many modern commercial buildings utilize tightly sealed building envelopes and mechanical HVAC systems to achieve energy efficiency (see <em><i>Air Infiltration</i></em>). Natural ventilation strategies can introduce fresh air to airtight buildings, replacing all or part of a mechanical system, and reduce energy and operating costs and improve indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Mixed-mode systems use a combination of natural ventilation from operable windows (either manually or sensor controlled) and mechanical systems that include air distribution equipment and refrigeration equipment for cooling (see <em><i>Demand Control Ventilation</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<h2>How to Implement Natural Ventilation</h2>\n<p>Implementing a successful natural ventilation design or mixed-mode system requires an understanding of the local climate, intended building use, building geometry, and occupant behavior (see <em><i>Building Orientation, Tree Protection and Placement, </i></em>and <em><i>Building Evaluation</i></em>). For example, in coastal locations, desirable cool sea breezes can reduce cooling loads. It is important to be aware that outdoor air in these areas may also have high moisture content that needs to be managed (see <em><i>Moisture Control</i></em>). Other locations may not be ideal for natural ventilation due to local sources of air pollution, allergens, or outdoor noises. The design of internal spaces and the size and placement of openings in the building impacts ventilation as well.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Operable windows, fans, and corridors help direct airflow using natural ventilation principles (see <em><i>Individual Comfort Controls</i></em> and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>).</p>\n<p>For naturally ventilated spaces, the Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance requirement for LEEDv4 Operations + Maintenance Existing Buildings refers to the natural ventilation procedure from ASHRAE Standard 62.1–2010 (or a local equivalent, whichever is more stringent).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu/\">CoolVent</a> is a natural ventilation simulation tool developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to evaluate the effects of different natural ventilation strategies on a building’s energy use and occupant comfort. The CoolVent website also provides resources and case studies about natural ventilation (see <em><i>Energy Modeling</i></em>).</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.phius.org/phius-certification-for-buildings-products\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS+ 2018)</a> building certification sets standards for airtight construction, and natural and controlled mechanical ventilation for all types of high-performance, energy-efficient buildings. The International Passive House Association (iPHA) provides a program and resources that address <a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">refurbishment with passive house components</a>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The Passive House Institute developed the iPHA to promote the Passive House Standard wordwide.</p>\n<h3>Example</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://buildingdata.energy.gov/project/zion-national-park-visitor-center\">Zion Canyon Visitor Center, Springdale, UT.</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"></a></p>\n<p>High, operable, clerestory windows, controlled by the building’s energy management system, cool the Zion Canyon Visitor Center by allowing hot air to escape while low windows introduce cool air at ground level (see Figure 1).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_460\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1366\"]<img class=\"wp-image-460 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Natural-Ventilation-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Drawing of natural ventilation features at Zion Canyon Visitor Center. Source: NREL and NPS drawings\" width=\"1366\" height=\"846\" /> Figure 1 – Drawing of natural ventilation features at Zion Canyon Visitor Center. Source: NREL and NPS drawings[/caption]\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Natural ventilation strategies can reduce energy use, and lower energy bills and installation and maintenance costs by allowing for smaller mechanical systems and extending the life of HVAC equipment. When part of a mixed-mode system, natural ventilation can increase occupant satisfaction and indoor air quality by offering occupants greater personal control over thermal comfort, ventilation levels, and connection to the outdoors (see <em><i>Biophilia</i></em>).</p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>A study by Carnegie Mellon found that natural ventilation and mixed-mode conditioning can achieve 0.8-1.3% savings on health costs, 3-18% productivity gains and 47-79% in HVAC energy savings, for an average ROI of at least 120%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>In the event of power outages and the loss of air conditioning, natural ventilation can maintain thermal comfort for building occupants, particularly at night, when colder outside air can mix with warmer air inside the building (see <em><i>Building Flush</i></em>). Mixed-mode systems add redundancy and flexibility to the building’s ventilation and HVAC systems, providing back-up during power-outages, mechanical failures, security threats, or the release of air-borne contaminants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Natural Ventilation. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/natural-ventilation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/natural-ventilation</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> CoolVent. 2018. Basics of Natural Ventilation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. <a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu/intro-to-natural-ventilation/basics-of-natural-ventilation/\">http://coolvent.mit.edu/intro-to-natural-ventilation/basics-of-natural-ventilation/</a> (accessed February 16,2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> WindowMaster. Cost and Performance – <em><i>A design-led approach to effective natural ventilation</i></em>. <a href=\"https://www.windowmaster.com/white-papers\">https://www.windowmaster.com/white-papers</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Center for the Built Environment (CBE) Berkeley University. What is Mixed Mode? <a href=\"https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html\">https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> WBDG. Natural Ventilation.  <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php</a> (accessed March 12, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> USGBC. Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance.  <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/existing-buildings/v4/eq103\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/existing-buildings/v4/eq103</a> (accessed February 16, 2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Passipedia. Refurbishment with Passive House Components. <a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components</a> (accessed February 16, 2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> NREL. Zion Visitor Center Brochure <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/29315.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/29315.pdf</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Carnegie Mellon (2004), Guidelines for High-Performance Buildings. Ventilation and Productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-building-evaluation/\">Building Evaluation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-control-ventilation/\">Demand Control Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ashrae.org/\">American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html\">CBE Berkeley Mixed-Mode Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu\">CoolVent – The Natural Ventilation Simulation Tool by MIT</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phius.org/phius-certification-for-buildings-products/phius-2018-getting-to-zero\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS +2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">Passipedia – Refurbishment with Passive House Components</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/37542.pdf\">Torcellini et al. S. Lessons Learned from Case Studies of Six High-Performance Buildings. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Natural Ventilation P 52-63.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','2156-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:26:34','2022-04-22 18:26:34','',2156,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2159',0,'revision','',0),(2162,2,'2022-04-22 18:28:27','2022-04-22 18:28:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Natural Ventilation\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Natural Ventilation?</h2>\n<p>Natural ventilation uses passive strategies to supply outdoor air to a building’s interior for ventilation and cooling.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Natural ventilation systems rely on natural forces, such as wind and temperature differences between a building and its environment, to drive the flow of fresh air through a building. Cross ventilation uses air-pressure differentials caused by wind, and stack ventilation uses the increased buoyancy of air as it warms up.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Both work on the principle of air moving from a high-pressure to a low-pressure zone.</p>\n<p>Many modern commercial buildings utilize tightly sealed building envelopes and mechanical HVAC systems to achieve energy efficiency (see <em><i>Air Infiltration</i></em>). Natural ventilation strategies can introduce fresh air to airtight buildings, replacing all or part of a mechanical system, and reduce energy and operating costs and improve indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Mixed-mode systems use a combination of natural ventilation from operable windows (either manually or sensor controlled) and mechanical systems that include air distribution equipment and refrigeration equipment for cooling (see <em><i>Demand Control Ventilation</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<h2>How to Implement Natural Ventilation</h2>\n<p>Implementing a successful natural ventilation design or mixed-mode system requires an understanding of the local climate, intended building use, building geometry, and occupant behavior (see <em><i>Building Orientation, Tree Protection and Placement, </i></em>and <em><i>Building Evaluation</i></em>). For example, in coastal locations, desirable cool sea breezes can reduce cooling loads. It is important to be aware that outdoor air in these areas may also have high moisture content that needs to be managed (see <em><i>Moisture Control</i></em>). Other locations may not be ideal for natural ventilation due to local sources of air pollution, allergens, or outdoor noises. The design of internal spaces and the size and placement of openings in the building impacts ventilation as well.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Operable windows, fans, and corridors help direct airflow using natural ventilation principles (see <em><i>Individual Comfort Controls</i></em> and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>).</p>\n<p>For naturally ventilated spaces, the Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance requirement for LEEDv4 Operations + Maintenance Existing Buildings refers to the natural ventilation procedure from ASHRAE Standard 62.1–2010 (or a local equivalent, whichever is more stringent).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu/\">CoolVent</a> is a natural ventilation simulation tool developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to evaluate the effects of different natural ventilation strategies on a building’s energy use and occupant comfort. The CoolVent website also provides resources and case studies about natural ventilation (see <em><i>Energy Modeling</i></em>).</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.phius.org/phius-certification-for-buildings-products\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS+ 2018)</a> building certification sets standards for airtight construction, and natural and controlled mechanical ventilation for all types of high-performance, energy-efficient buildings. The International Passive House Association (iPHA) provides a program and resources that address <a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">refurbishment with passive house components</a>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The Passive House Institute developed the iPHA to promote the Passive House Standard wordwide.</p>\n<h3>Example</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://buildingdata.energy.gov/project/zion-national-park-visitor-center\">Zion Canyon Visitor Center, Springdale, UT.</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"></a></p>\n<p>High, operable, clerestory windows, controlled by the building’s energy management system, cool the Zion Canyon Visitor Center by allowing hot air to escape while low windows introduce cool air at ground level (see Figure 1).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_460\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1366\"]<img class=\"wp-image-460 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Natural-Ventilation-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Drawing of natural ventilation features at Zion Canyon Visitor Center. Source: NREL and NPS drawings\" width=\"1366\" height=\"846\" /> Figure 1 – Drawing of natural ventilation features at Zion Canyon Visitor Center. Source: NREL and NPS drawings[/caption]\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Natural ventilation strategies can reduce energy use, and lower energy bills and installation and maintenance costs by allowing for smaller mechanical systems and extending the life of HVAC equipment. When part of a mixed-mode system, natural ventilation can increase occupant satisfaction and indoor air quality by offering occupants greater personal control over thermal comfort, ventilation levels, and connection to the outdoors (see <em><i>Biophilia</i></em>).</p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>A study by Carnegie Mellon found that natural ventilation and mixed-mode conditioning can achieve 0.8-1.3% savings on health costs, 3-18% productivity gains and 47-79% in HVAC energy savings, for an average ROI of at least 120%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>In the event of power outages and the loss of air conditioning, natural ventilation can maintain thermal comfort for building occupants, particularly at night, when colder outside air can mix with warmer air inside the building (see <em><i>Building Flush</i></em>). Mixed-mode systems add redundancy and flexibility to the building’s ventilation and HVAC systems, providing back-up during power-outages, mechanical failures, security threats, or the release of air-borne contaminants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Natural Ventilation. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/natural-ventilation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/natural-ventilation</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> CoolVent. 2018. Basics of Natural Ventilation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. <a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu/intro-to-natural-ventilation/basics-of-natural-ventilation/\">http://coolvent.mit.edu/intro-to-natural-ventilation/basics-of-natural-ventilation/</a> (accessed February 16,2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> WindowMaster. Cost and Performance – <em><i>A design-led approach to effective natural ventilation</i></em>. <a href=\"https://www.windowmaster.com/white-papers\">https://www.windowmaster.com/white-papers</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Center for the Built Environment (CBE) Berkeley University. What is Mixed Mode? <a href=\"https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html\">https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> WBDG. Natural Ventilation.  <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php</a> (accessed March 12, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> USGBC. Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance.  <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/existing-buildings/v4/eq103\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/existing-buildings/v4/eq103</a> (accessed February 16, 2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Passipedia. Refurbishment with Passive House Components. <a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components</a> (accessed February 16, 2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> NREL. Zion Visitor Center Brochure <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/29315.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/29315.pdf</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Carnegie Mellon (2004), Guidelines for High-Performance Buildings. Ventilation and Productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-building-evaluation/\">Building Evaluation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-control-ventilation/\">Demand Control Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ashrae.org/\">American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html\">CBE Berkeley Mixed-Mode Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu\">CoolVent – The Natural Ventilation Simulation Tool by MIT</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phius.org/phius-certification-for-buildings-products/phius-2018-getting-to-zero\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS +2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">Passipedia – Refurbishment with Passive House Components</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/37542.pdf\">Torcellini et al. S. Lessons Learned from Case Studies of Six High-Performance Buildings. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Natural Ventilation P 52-63.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','2156-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:28:27','2022-04-22 18:28:27','',2156,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2162',0,'revision','',0),(2163,2,'2022-04-22 18:28:31','2022-04-22 18:28:31','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Natural Ventilation\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Natural Ventilation?</h2>\n<p>Natural ventilation uses passive strategies to supply outdoor air to a building’s interior for ventilation and cooling.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Natural ventilation systems rely on natural forces, such as wind and temperature differences between a building and its environment, to drive the flow of fresh air through a building. Cross ventilation uses air-pressure differentials caused by wind, and stack ventilation uses the increased buoyancy of air as it warms up.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Both work on the principle of air moving from a high-pressure to a low-pressure zone.</p>\n<p>Many modern commercial buildings utilize tightly sealed building envelopes and mechanical HVAC systems to achieve energy efficiency (see <em><i>Air Infiltration</i></em>). Natural ventilation strategies can introduce fresh air to airtight buildings, replacing all or part of a mechanical system, and reduce energy and operating costs and improve indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Mixed-mode systems use a combination of natural ventilation from operable windows (either manually or sensor controlled) and mechanical systems that include air distribution equipment and refrigeration equipment for cooling (see <em><i>Demand Control Ventilation</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<h2>How to Implement Natural Ventilation</h2>\n<p>Implementing a successful natural ventilation design or mixed-mode system requires an understanding of the local climate, intended building use, building geometry, and occupant behavior (see <em><i>Building Orientation, Tree Protection and Placement, </i></em>and <em><i>Building Evaluation</i></em>). For example, in coastal locations, desirable cool sea breezes can reduce cooling loads. It is important to be aware that outdoor air in these areas may also have high moisture content that needs to be managed (see <em><i>Moisture Control</i></em>). Other locations may not be ideal for natural ventilation due to local sources of air pollution, allergens, or outdoor noises. The design of internal spaces and the size and placement of openings in the building impacts ventilation as well.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Operable windows, fans, and corridors help direct airflow using natural ventilation principles (see <em><i>Individual Comfort Controls</i></em> and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>).</p>\n<p>For naturally ventilated spaces, the Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance requirement for LEEDv4 Operations + Maintenance Existing Buildings refers to the natural ventilation procedure from ASHRAE Standard 62.1–2010 (or a local equivalent, whichever is more stringent).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu/\">CoolVent</a> is a natural ventilation simulation tool developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to evaluate the effects of different natural ventilation strategies on a building’s energy use and occupant comfort. The CoolVent website also provides resources and case studies about natural ventilation (see <em><i>Energy Modeling</i></em>).</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.phius.org/phius-certification-for-buildings-products\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS+ 2018)</a> building certification sets standards for airtight construction, and natural and controlled mechanical ventilation for all types of high-performance, energy-efficient buildings. The International Passive House Association (iPHA) provides a program and resources that address <a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">refurbishment with passive house components</a>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> The Passive House Institute developed the iPHA to promote the Passive House Standard wordwide.</p>\n<h3>Example</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://buildingdata.energy.gov/project/zion-national-park-visitor-center\">Zion Canyon Visitor Center, Springdale, UT.</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"></a></p>\n<p>High, operable, clerestory windows, controlled by the building’s energy management system, cool the Zion Canyon Visitor Center by allowing hot air to escape while low windows introduce cool air at ground level (see Figure 1).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_460\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1366\"]<img class=\"wp-image-460 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Natural-Ventilation-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Drawing of natural ventilation features at Zion Canyon Visitor Center. Source: NREL and NPS drawings\" width=\"1366\" height=\"846\" /> Figure 1 – Drawing of natural ventilation features at Zion Canyon Visitor Center. Source: NREL and NPS drawings[/caption]\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Natural ventilation strategies can reduce energy use, and lower energy bills and installation and maintenance costs by allowing for smaller mechanical systems and extending the life of HVAC equipment. When part of a mixed-mode system, natural ventilation can increase occupant satisfaction and indoor air quality by offering occupants greater personal control over thermal comfort, ventilation levels, and connection to the outdoors (see <em><i>Biophilia</i></em>).</p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>A study by Carnegie Mellon found that natural ventilation and mixed-mode conditioning can achieve 0.8-1.3% savings on health costs, 3-18% productivity gains and 47-79% in HVAC energy savings, for an average ROI of at least 120%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>In the event of power outages and the loss of air conditioning, natural ventilation can maintain thermal comfort for building occupants, particularly at night, when colder outside air can mix with warmer air inside the building (see <em><i>Building Flush</i></em>). Mixed-mode systems add redundancy and flexibility to the building’s ventilation and HVAC systems, providing back-up during power-outages, mechanical failures, security threats, or the release of air-borne contaminants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Natural Ventilation. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/natural-ventilation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/natural-ventilation</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> CoolVent. 2018. Basics of Natural Ventilation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. <a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu/intro-to-natural-ventilation/basics-of-natural-ventilation/\">http://coolvent.mit.edu/intro-to-natural-ventilation/basics-of-natural-ventilation/</a> (accessed February 16,2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> WindowMaster. Cost and Performance – <em><i>A design-led approach to effective natural ventilation</i></em>. <a href=\"https://www.windowmaster.com/white-papers\">https://www.windowmaster.com/white-papers</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Center for the Built Environment (CBE) Berkeley University. What is Mixed Mode? <a href=\"https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html\">https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> WBDG. Natural Ventilation.  <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php</a> (accessed March 12, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> USGBC. Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance.  <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/existing-buildings/v4/eq103\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/existing-buildings/v4/eq103</a> (accessed February 16, 2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Passipedia. Refurbishment with Passive House Components. <a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components</a> (accessed February 16, 2019).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> NREL. Zion Visitor Center Brochure <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/29315.pdf\">https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/29315.pdf</a> (accessed March 14, 2018).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Carnegie Mellon (2004), Guidelines for High-Performance Buildings. Ventilation and Productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"></a></p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-building-evaluation/\">Building Evaluation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-control-ventilation/\">Demand Control Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ashrae.org/\">American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/mixedmode/aboutmm.html\">CBE Berkeley Mixed-Mode Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://coolvent.mit.edu\">CoolVent – The Natural Ventilation Simulation Tool by MIT</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phius.org/phius-certification-for-buildings-products/phius-2018-getting-to-zero\">Passive House Institute US (PHIUS +2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://passipedia.org/planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components\">Passipedia – Refurbishment with Passive House Components</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/37542.pdf\">Torcellini et al. S. Lessons Learned from Case Studies of Six High-Performance Buildings. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Natural Ventilation P 52-63.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Natural Ventilation','','inherit','closed','closed','','2156-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:28:31','2022-04-22 18:28:31','',2156,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2163',0,'revision','',0),(2164,2,'2022-04-22 18:51:28','2022-04-22 18:51:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Acoustic Comfort\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>What is Acoustic Comfort?</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort refers to a building occupant’s experience related to sound in a building or a specific space within a building. A space with good acoustics has a minimal echo, allows for confidential conversations that don’t interrupt others working in the space, and controls excess noise from outside sources as well as sources within the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Three common noise issues include excess noise from outside, noise from adjacent spaces and noise control issues within a space.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Controlling these aspects of sound can help improve indoor environmental quality (IEQ).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>The Center for the Built Environment (CBE) at U.C. Berkeley maintains a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) database related to indoor environmental quality that includes input about acoustic satisfaction in office buildings. The main categorization of complaints related to acoustics includes excessive noise, lack of speech privacy, and lack of speech clarity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p><em>Excessive noise </em>issues come from poor sound isolation, which occurs when background noises are too high from outside noises penetrating inside or from noise generated by office equipment or other people.</p>\n<p><em>Speech Privacy</em> issues occur when a speaker is not able to communicate with a listener because the speech becomes indiscernible. Courtrooms, hospitals, clinics, and doctor and legal offices are some of the places most affected, especially considering the private discussions that occur in these spaces. Adjusting the ratio between speech and noise levels can control speech privacy. For example, increasing background noise and reducing the noise energy from speech can improve speech privacy concerns. See sound masking section below for details on how to incorporate this technique.</p>\n<p><em>Speech Clarity </em>issues make communication difficult and stem from excessive background noise and too much reverberation (sound reflecting off various surfaces).</p>\n<h2>How to Improve Acoustic Comfort</h2>\n<p>An integrated design process is key to achieving a high level of acoustic comfort. Project goals related to security and sustainability, for example, are sometimes perceived to conflict with acoustic goals but involving professionals from those areas of expertise from the start of the project, helps achieve synergistic goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The following concepts and terms are important to understand when considering acoustic comfort.</p>\n<h3><u>Sound Absorbing Technologies</u></h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Sound Transmission Class (STC): STC is a numerical rating system that measures the ability of a wall, floor, or ceiling to minimize sound transmission. The table below details how the rating system works. Hire an acoustical engineer to address conditions in rooms such as conference rooms and mechanical equipment rooms.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n</ul>\n[caption id=\"attachment_454\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"2128\"]<img class=\"wp-image-454 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/NC_Acoustic_Comfort_1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Sound Transmission Class Ratings (Source: Adapted from NIAIMA’s Noise Control).\" width=\"2128\" height=\"1148\" /> Figure 1 – Sound Transmission Class Ratings (Source: Adapted from NIAIMA’s Noise Control).[/caption]<ul>\n<li><em>Sound Masking:</em> Sound masking produces unobtrusive sound through speakers installed above ceiling tiles. The background sound reduces interference from distracting office sounds in a manner that also helps make conversations between workers more coherent. Whether installed in an enclosed area or more open office space, adjustments can be made to sound masking. Sound masking can subsequently increase worker productivity as well as improve morale and speech privacy.<sup><br /></sup></li>\n<li><em>Sound Isolation</em> separates sources of noise from the building’s occupants. For example, mechanical equipment such as a building’s HVAC system can become too noisy and make conversations difficult. Implementing sound-absorbing elements along with the proper STC walls, floor, and ceilings can help mitigate the sounds that a noisy HVAC system may create. Consider the following recommendations to increase sound isolation for HVAC systems:</li>\n<li>Avoid through-the-wall air return louvers that draw air from one room through another in private offices, conference rooms, and other rooms where confidential discussions are expected to occur. All air returns should be ducted.</li>\n<li>Do not locate air supply or return registers close to each other on opposite sides of a partition wall. Doing so causes the sound to pass directly from one room to another, negating the acoustical value of the partition.</li>\n<li>Specify quiet HVAC equipment. Though the price may be somewhat higher, the alternative to using standard equipment may lead to costly and disruptive remediation.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consider the following recommendations to develop an indoor environment that provides acoustic comfort:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Specify sound absorbing materials (e.g., walls, carpets, ceilings) and configure spaces to dampen rather than magnify sound reverberation.</li>\n<li>Provide sound masking if necessary.</li>\n<li>Limit transmission of noise from outside by designing high sound transmission class (STC) walls between work areas and high noise areas inside and outside the building.</li>\n<li>Minimize background noise from the building’s HVAC system and other equipment.</li>\n<li>Provide opportunities for privacy and concentration when needed in open plan offices.</li>\n<li>Enclose or separate group activity spaces from work areas when the concentration is essential.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort can reduce stress, protect health, and increase occupant satisfaction and productivity by contributing to a more comfortable environment psychologically and acoustically.</p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing strategies to achieve acoustic comfort varies depending on specific project goals and the approach taken. The GSA Sound Matters report in the Resources section below provides costs related to typical partition, wall and ceiling materials. Through increased worker productivity as well as improved indoor environmental quality and the health benefits associated with it, good acoustics can contribute to overall cost savings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort is a critical element of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that affects the health and well-being of building occupants. In the event of a disaster or emergency event, a high-quality indoor environment helps protect building occupants and contribute to a built environment that can provide protection and recovery from hazardous events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Indoor Environmental Quality.  <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq\">https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq</a> (accessed December 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> WBDG. Acoustic Comfort. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a> (accessed December 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> National Institute of Building Sciences – WBDG. <em>Acoustic Comfort. </em>September 2018. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq</a> (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> UC Berkeley Center for the Built Environment. Acoustical Analysis in Office Environments Using POE Surveys. <a href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/research/acoustic_poe.htm\">http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/research/acoustic_poe.htm</a> (accessed December 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> WBDG. Acoustic Comfort. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a> (accessed December 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> NAIMA. <em>Noise Control</em> <a href=\"http://insulationinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/BI476.pdf\">http://insulationinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/BI476.pdf</a> (accessed September 10, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> National Institute of Building Sciences – WBDG. <em>Provide Comfortable Environments</em>. September, 2018. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> U.S General Services Administration. <em>Interior Finishes. </em>August 2017. <a href=\"http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/101251\">http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/101251</a> (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://acousticalsociety.org/\">Acoustical Society of America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://app_gsagov_prod_rdcgwaajp7wr.s3.amazonaws.com/GSA_Sound_Matters_%28Dec_2011%29_508.pdf\">General Services Administration – Sound Matters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-building-or-facility-professional/commercial/why-insulate/\">Insulation Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://standard.wellcertified.com/comfort?_ga=2.220795871.675497046.1550494216-560727732.1547313140\">The Well Building Standard – Comfort Features</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">Whole Building Design Guide – Acoustic Comfort</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Acoustic Comfort','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-acoustic-comfort','','','2022-04-22 18:51:32','2022-04-22 18:51:32','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2164',0,'post','',0),(2165,2,'2022-04-22 18:50:25','2022-04-22 18:50:25','','EC Acoustic Comfort','','inherit','closed','closed','','2164-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:50:25','2022-04-22 18:50:25','',2164,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2165',0,'revision','',0),(2167,2,'2022-04-22 18:51:28','2022-04-22 18:51:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Acoustic Comfort\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>What is Acoustic Comfort?</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort refers to a building occupant’s experience related to sound in a building or a specific space within a building. A space with good acoustics has a minimal echo, allows for confidential conversations that don’t interrupt others working in the space, and controls excess noise from outside sources as well as sources within the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Three common noise issues include excess noise from outside, noise from adjacent spaces and noise control issues within a space.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Controlling these aspects of sound can help improve indoor environmental quality (IEQ).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>The Center for the Built Environment (CBE) at U.C. Berkeley maintains a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) database related to indoor environmental quality that includes input about acoustic satisfaction in office buildings. The main categorization of complaints related to acoustics includes excessive noise, lack of speech privacy, and lack of speech clarity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p><em>Excessive noise </em>issues come from poor sound isolation, which occurs when background noises are too high from outside noises penetrating inside or from noise generated by office equipment or other people.</p>\n<p><em>Speech Privacy</em> issues occur when a speaker is not able to communicate with a listener because the speech becomes indiscernible. Courtrooms, hospitals, clinics, and doctor and legal offices are some of the places most affected, especially considering the private discussions that occur in these spaces. Adjusting the ratio between speech and noise levels can control speech privacy. For example, increasing background noise and reducing the noise energy from speech can improve speech privacy concerns. See sound masking section below for details on how to incorporate this technique.</p>\n<p><em>Speech Clarity </em>issues make communication difficult and stem from excessive background noise and too much reverberation (sound reflecting off various surfaces).</p>\n<h2>How to Improve Acoustic Comfort</h2>\n<p>An integrated design process is key to achieving a high level of acoustic comfort. Project goals related to security and sustainability, for example, are sometimes perceived to conflict with acoustic goals but involving professionals from those areas of expertise from the start of the project, helps achieve synergistic goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The following concepts and terms are important to understand when considering acoustic comfort.</p>\n<h3><u>Sound Absorbing Technologies</u></h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Sound Transmission Class (STC): STC is a numerical rating system that measures the ability of a wall, floor, or ceiling to minimize sound transmission. The table below details how the rating system works. Hire an acoustical engineer to address conditions in rooms such as conference rooms and mechanical equipment rooms.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n</ul>\n[caption id=\"attachment_454\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"2128\"]<img class=\"wp-image-454 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/NC_Acoustic_Comfort_1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Sound Transmission Class Ratings (Source: Adapted from NIAIMA’s Noise Control).\" width=\"2128\" height=\"1148\" /> Figure 1 – Sound Transmission Class Ratings (Source: Adapted from NIAIMA’s Noise Control).[/caption]<ul>\n<li><em>Sound Masking:</em> Sound masking produces unobtrusive sound through speakers installed above ceiling tiles. The background sound reduces interference from distracting office sounds in a manner that also helps make conversations between workers more coherent. Whether installed in an enclosed area or more open office space, adjustments can be made to sound masking. Sound masking can subsequently increase worker productivity as well as improve morale and speech privacy.<sup><br /></sup></li>\n<li><em>Sound Isolation</em> separates sources of noise from the building’s occupants. For example, mechanical equipment such as a building’s HVAC system can become too noisy and make conversations difficult. Implementing sound-absorbing elements along with the proper STC walls, floor, and ceilings can help mitigate the sounds that a noisy HVAC system may create. Consider the following recommendations to increase sound isolation for HVAC systems:</li>\n<li>Avoid through-the-wall air return louvers that draw air from one room through another in private offices, conference rooms, and other rooms where confidential discussions are expected to occur. All air returns should be ducted.</li>\n<li>Do not locate air supply or return registers close to each other on opposite sides of a partition wall. Doing so causes the sound to pass directly from one room to another, negating the acoustical value of the partition.</li>\n<li>Specify quiet HVAC equipment. Though the price may be somewhat higher, the alternative to using standard equipment may lead to costly and disruptive remediation.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consider the following recommendations to develop an indoor environment that provides acoustic comfort:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Specify sound absorbing materials (e.g., walls, carpets, ceilings) and configure spaces to dampen rather than magnify sound reverberation.</li>\n<li>Provide sound masking if necessary.</li>\n<li>Limit transmission of noise from outside by designing high sound transmission class (STC) walls between work areas and high noise areas inside and outside the building.</li>\n<li>Minimize background noise from the building’s HVAC system and other equipment.</li>\n<li>Provide opportunities for privacy and concentration when needed in open plan offices.</li>\n<li>Enclose or separate group activity spaces from work areas when the concentration is essential.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort can reduce stress, protect health, and increase occupant satisfaction and productivity by contributing to a more comfortable environment psychologically and acoustically.</p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing strategies to achieve acoustic comfort varies depending on specific project goals and the approach taken. The GSA Sound Matters report in the Resources section below provides costs related to typical partition, wall and ceiling materials. Through increased worker productivity as well as improved indoor environmental quality and the health benefits associated with it, good acoustics can contribute to overall cost savings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort is a critical element of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that affects the health and well-being of building occupants. In the event of a disaster or emergency event, a high-quality indoor environment helps protect building occupants and contribute to a built environment that can provide protection and recovery from hazardous events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Indoor Environmental Quality.  <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq\">https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq</a> (accessed December 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> WBDG. Acoustic Comfort. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a> (accessed December 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> National Institute of Building Sciences – WBDG. <em>Acoustic Comfort. </em>September 2018. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq</a> (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> UC Berkeley Center for the Built Environment. Acoustical Analysis in Office Environments Using POE Surveys. <a href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/research/acoustic_poe.htm\">http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/research/acoustic_poe.htm</a> (accessed December 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> WBDG. Acoustic Comfort. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a> (accessed December 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> NAIMA. <em>Noise Control</em> <a href=\"http://insulationinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/BI476.pdf\">http://insulationinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/BI476.pdf</a> (accessed September 10, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> National Institute of Building Sciences – WBDG. <em>Provide Comfortable Environments</em>. September, 2018. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-acoustic-control/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> U.S General Services Administration. <em>Interior Finishes. </em>August 2017. <a href=\"http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/101251\">http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/101251</a> (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://acousticalsociety.org/\">Acoustical Society of America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://app_gsagov_prod_rdcgwaajp7wr.s3.amazonaws.com/GSA_Sound_Matters_%28Dec_2011%29_508.pdf\">General Services Administration – Sound Matters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-building-or-facility-professional/commercial/why-insulate/\">Insulation Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://standard.wellcertified.com/comfort?_ga=2.220795871.675497046.1550494216-560727732.1547313140\">The Well Building Standard – Comfort Features</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">Whole Building Design Guide – Acoustic Comfort</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Acoustic Comfort','','inherit','closed','closed','','2164-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:51:28','2022-04-22 18:51:28','',2164,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2167',0,'revision','',0),(2169,2,'2022-04-22 18:57:15','2022-04-22 18:57:15','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Active Living?</h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption]\n<h2>How to Implement Active Living</h2>\n<p>Design strategies that contribute to active living should be considered early in project development and an integrated design process will optimize opportunities and help minimize costs.  Equitable planning is key as “healthy” communities are often limited to those who can afford them. Communities of color and immigrant populations are increasingly occupying suburbs that often have limited safe and accessible walking and biking options.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States face health disparities including higher rates of chronic disease.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>  The NJ Department of Health’s State Health Assessment Data (<a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/health/shad\">NJSHAD</a>) provides searchable data about the health of the population in NJ that can help inform decision-making. Key recommended measures for implementing active living in developing a site include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Develop mixed land use in neighborhoods and maintain existing mixed conditions.</li>\n<li>Incorporate pedestrian-friendly design including traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Create continuous bike networks and incorporate bicycle infrastructure including indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>Ensure a pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists by including, pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Provide easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Design public spaces to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Improve access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Improve the access and availability of healthy food by providing easy access to local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>De-emphasize motor vehicle parking, avoid expansive parking lots, and locate necessary parking in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into building design. Steps that architects can take to promote physical activity within their structures incorporate some of the following:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encouraging stair use by placing the main stairway in a convenient location for everyday use as well as signage encouraging the use of stairs over elevators. Stairs should also be designed to be visually pleasing and inviting with ample daylight or electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Incorporating exercise facilities in easily visible locations as well as providing locker rooms, showers, drinking fountains, and bicycle storage.</li>\n<li>Designing the building exterior and envelope to contribute to a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere and including a variety of entries and canopies.</li>\n<li>Improving the access and availability of healthy food by providing on-site gardens on rooftops, in courtyards or on patio spaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden to address community health with an action plan that includes adopting a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a key factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are important sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences.  <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/\">https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Aces Connection. Resilient Communities are Healthy Communities. <a href=\"https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities\">https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity.  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/\">https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program <a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a> (accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity <a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a> (accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Leadership for Healthy Communities. <a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190415175314/https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a> (accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.” <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130812192814/http://activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a> (accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Waters, Hugh and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190330215843/https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181121145430/http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-active-living/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Work Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.activelivingresearch.org/\">Active Living Research</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/Vid_ActiveLiving.html\">American Society of Landscape Architects – Designing for Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org\">Center for Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://chnj.njpn.org/focus-areas/active-living-and-healthy-eating/\">Coalition for a Healthy New Jersey – Active Living &amp; Healthy Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://46u0j30o449zq8181dfurbcj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/FitCity10_Report_101615_SinglePg_Final_299.pdf\">FitCity10 – Promoting Physical Activity through Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://healthyplacesbydesign.org\">Healthy Places by Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bikewalk.org/pdfs/2010/IPA_full.pdf\">Increasing Physical Activity Through Community Design: A Guide for Public Health Practitioners and Livable Community Advocates</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.asla.org/contentdetail.aspx?id=23888\">Livable Communities Resource Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njbikeped.org/complete-streets-2/\">NJ Bicycle and Pedestrian Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.njhcn.org\">NJ Healthy Community Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/active-design.page&lt;/a\">New York City Department of Design and Construction – Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/hnj2020/\">State of NJ Department of Health – Healthy New Jersey 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=37&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=7e527b7b529d8e87b7cae5ad2c9a5b74\">Sustainable Jersey – Building Healthier Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190415175314/https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">US Department of Health and Human Services – Active Living</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Active Living','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-active-living','','\nhttp://njbikeped.org/complete-streets-2/','2022-06-23 18:47:14','2022-06-23 18:47:14','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2169',0,'post','',0),(2170,2,'2022-04-22 18:55:59','2022-04-22 18:55:59','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','2169-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:55:59','2022-04-22 18:55:59','',2169,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2170',0,'revision','',0),(2172,2,'2022-04-22 18:57:15','2022-04-22 18:57:15','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>What is Active Living?</h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption]\n<h2>How to Implement Active Living</h2>\n<p>Design strategies that contribute to active living should be considered early in project development and an integrated design process will optimize opportunities and help minimize costs.  Equitable planning is key as “healthy” communities are often limited to those who can afford them. Communities of color and immigrant populations are increasingly occupying suburbs that often have limited safe and accessible walking and biking options.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States face health disparities including higher rates of chronic disease.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>  The NJ Department of Health’s State Health Assessment Data (<a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/health/shad\">NJSHAD</a>) provides searchable data about the health of the population in NJ that can help inform decision-making. Key recommended measures for implementing active living in developing a site include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Develop mixed land use in neighborhoods and maintain existing mixed conditions.</li>\n<li>Incorporate pedestrian-friendly design including traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Create continuous bike networks and incorporate bicycle infrastructure including indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>Ensure a pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists by including, pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Provide easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Design public spaces to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Improve access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Improve the access and availability of healthy food by providing easy access to local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>De-emphasize motor vehicle parking, avoid expansive parking lots, and locate necessary parking in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into building design. Steps that architects can take to promote physical activity within their structures incorporate some of the following:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encouraging stair use by placing the main stairway in a convenient location for everyday use as well as signage encouraging the use of stairs over elevators. Stairs should also be designed to be visually pleasing and inviting with ample daylight or electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Incorporating exercise facilities in easily visible locations as well as providing locker rooms, showers, drinking fountains, and bicycle storage.</li>\n<li>Designing the building exterior and envelope to contribute to a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere and including a variety of entries and canopies.</li>\n<li>Improving the access and availability of healthy food by providing on-site gardens on rooftops, in courtyards or on patio spaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden to address community health with an action plan that includes adopting a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a key factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are important sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences.  <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Aces Connection. Resilient Communities are Healthy Communities. <a href=\"https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities\">https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity.  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program <a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a> (accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity <a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a> (accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Leadership for Healthy Communities. <a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living. <a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a> (accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.” <a href=\"http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a> (accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Waters, Hugh and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight. <a href=\"https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities. <a href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-active-living/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Work Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.activelivingresearch.org/\">Active Living Research</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/Vid_ActiveLiving.html\">American Society of Landscape Architects – Designing for Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org\">Center for Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://chnj.njpn.org/focus-areas/active-living-and-healthy-eating/\">Coalition for a Healthy New Jersey – Active Living &amp; Healthy Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://46u0j30o449zq8181dfurbcj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/FitCity10_Report_101615_SinglePg_Final_299.pdf\">FitCity10 – Promoting Physical Activity through Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://healthyplacesbydesign.org\">Healthy Places by Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bikewalk.org/pdfs/2010/IPA_full.pdf\">Increasing Physical Activity Through Community Design: A Guide for Public Health Practitioners and Livable Community Advocates</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.asla.org/contentdetail.aspx?id=23888\">Livable Communities Resource Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njbikeped.org/complete-streets-2/\">NJ Bicycle and Pedestrian Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.njhcn.org\">NJ Healthy Community Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/active-design.page&lt;/a\">New York City Department of Design and Construction – Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/hnj2020/\">State of NJ Department of Health – Healthy New Jersey 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=37&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=7e527b7b529d8e87b7cae5ad2c9a5b74\">Sustainable Jersey – Building Healthier Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">US Department of Health and Human Services – Active Living</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Active Living','','inherit','closed','closed','','2169-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:57:15','2022-04-22 18:57:15','',2169,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2172',0,'revision','',0),(2173,2,'2022-04-22 18:57:16','2022-04-22 18:57:16','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>What is Active Living?</h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption]\n<h2>How to Implement Active Living</h2>\n<p>Design strategies that contribute to active living should be considered early in project development and an integrated design process will optimize opportunities and help minimize costs.  Equitable planning is key as “healthy” communities are often limited to those who can afford them. Communities of color and immigrant populations are increasingly occupying suburbs that often have limited safe and accessible walking and biking options.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States face health disparities including higher rates of chronic disease.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>  The NJ Department of Health’s State Health Assessment Data (<a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/health/shad\">NJSHAD</a>) provides searchable data about the health of the population in NJ that can help inform decision-making. Key recommended measures for implementing active living in developing a site include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Develop mixed land use in neighborhoods and maintain existing mixed conditions.</li>\n<li>Incorporate pedestrian-friendly design including traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Create continuous bike networks and incorporate bicycle infrastructure including indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>Ensure a pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists by including, pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Provide easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Design public spaces to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Improve access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Improve the access and availability of healthy food by providing easy access to local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>De-emphasize motor vehicle parking, avoid expansive parking lots, and locate necessary parking in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into building design. Steps that architects can take to promote physical activity within their structures incorporate some of the following:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encouraging stair use by placing the main stairway in a convenient location for everyday use as well as signage encouraging the use of stairs over elevators. Stairs should also be designed to be visually pleasing and inviting with ample daylight or electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Incorporating exercise facilities in easily visible locations as well as providing locker rooms, showers, drinking fountains, and bicycle storage.</li>\n<li>Designing the building exterior and envelope to contribute to a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere and including a variety of entries and canopies.</li>\n<li>Improving the access and availability of healthy food by providing on-site gardens on rooftops, in courtyards or on patio spaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden to address community health with an action plan that includes adopting a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a key factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are important sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences.  <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Aces Connection. Resilient Communities are Healthy Communities. <a href=\"https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities\">https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity.  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program <a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a> (accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity <a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a> (accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Leadership for Healthy Communities. <a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living. <a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a> (accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.” <a href=\"http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a> (accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Waters, Hugh and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight. <a href=\"https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities. <a href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-active-living/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Work Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.activelivingresearch.org/\">Active Living Research</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/Vid_ActiveLiving.html\">American Society of Landscape Architects – Designing for Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org\">Center for Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://chnj.njpn.org/focus-areas/active-living-and-healthy-eating/\">Coalition for a Healthy New Jersey – Active Living &amp; Healthy Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://46u0j30o449zq8181dfurbcj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/FitCity10_Report_101615_SinglePg_Final_299.pdf\">FitCity10 – Promoting Physical Activity through Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://healthyplacesbydesign.org\">Healthy Places by Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bikewalk.org/pdfs/2010/IPA_full.pdf\">Increasing Physical Activity Through Community Design: A Guide for Public Health Practitioners and Livable Community Advocates</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.asla.org/contentdetail.aspx?id=23888\">Livable Communities Resource Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njbikeped.org/complete-streets-2/\">NJ Bicycle and Pedestrian Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.njhcn.org\">NJ Healthy Community Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/active-design.page&lt;/a\">New York City Department of Design and Construction – Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/hnj2020/\">State of NJ Department of Health – Healthy New Jersey 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=37&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=7e527b7b529d8e87b7cae5ad2c9a5b74\">Sustainable Jersey – Building Healthier Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">US Department of Health and Human Services – Active Living</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','2169-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:57:16','2022-04-22 18:57:16','',2169,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2173',0,'revision','',0),(2175,2,'2022-04-22 18:57:19','2022-04-22 18:57:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>What is Active Living?</h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption]\n<h2>How to Implement Active Living</h2>\n<p>Design strategies that contribute to active living should be considered early in project development and an integrated design process will optimize opportunities and help minimize costs.  Equitable planning is key as “healthy” communities are often limited to those who can afford them. Communities of color and immigrant populations are increasingly occupying suburbs that often have limited safe and accessible walking and biking options.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States face health disparities including higher rates of chronic disease.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>  The NJ Department of Health’s State Health Assessment Data (<a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/health/shad\">NJSHAD</a>) provides searchable data about the health of the population in NJ that can help inform decision-making. Key recommended measures for implementing active living in developing a site include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Develop mixed land use in neighborhoods and maintain existing mixed conditions.</li>\n<li>Incorporate pedestrian-friendly design including traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Create continuous bike networks and incorporate bicycle infrastructure including indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>Ensure a pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists by including, pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Provide easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Design public spaces to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Improve access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Improve the access and availability of healthy food by providing easy access to local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>De-emphasize motor vehicle parking, avoid expansive parking lots, and locate necessary parking in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into building design. Steps that architects can take to promote physical activity within their structures incorporate some of the following:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encouraging stair use by placing the main stairway in a convenient location for everyday use as well as signage encouraging the use of stairs over elevators. Stairs should also be designed to be visually pleasing and inviting with ample daylight or electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Incorporating exercise facilities in easily visible locations as well as providing locker rooms, showers, drinking fountains, and bicycle storage.</li>\n<li>Designing the building exterior and envelope to contribute to a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere and including a variety of entries and canopies.</li>\n<li>Improving the access and availability of healthy food by providing on-site gardens on rooftops, in courtyards or on patio spaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden to address community health with an action plan that includes adopting a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a key factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are important sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences.  <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.” <a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a> (accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>Aces Connection. Resilient Communities are Healthy Communities. <a href=\"https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities\">https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/resilient-communities-are-healthy-communities</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity.  <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425844/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.” <a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program <a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a> (accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity <a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a> (accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Leadership for Healthy Communities. <a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living. <a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a> (accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.” <a href=\"http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a> (accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> Waters, Hugh and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight. <a href=\"https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-active-living/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities. <a href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-active-living/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Work Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.activelivingresearch.org/\">Active Living Research</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/Vid_ActiveLiving.html\">American Society of Landscape Architects – Designing for Active Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org\">Center for Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://chnj.njpn.org/focus-areas/active-living-and-healthy-eating/\">Coalition for a Healthy New Jersey – Active Living &amp; Healthy Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://46u0j30o449zq8181dfurbcj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/FitCity10_Report_101615_SinglePg_Final_299.pdf\">FitCity10 – Promoting Physical Activity through Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://healthyplacesbydesign.org\">Healthy Places by Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bikewalk.org/pdfs/2010/IPA_full.pdf\">Increasing Physical Activity Through Community Design: A Guide for Public Health Practitioners and Livable Community Advocates</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.asla.org/contentdetail.aspx?id=23888\">Livable Communities Resource Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njbikeped.org/complete-streets-2/\">NJ Bicycle and Pedestrian Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.njhcn.org\">NJ Healthy Community Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/active-design.page&lt;/a\">New York City Department of Design and Construction – Active Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/chs/hnj2020/\">State of NJ Department of Health – Healthy New Jersey 2020</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/actions-certification/actions/?type=1336777436&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5BactionObject%5D=37&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Baction%5D=getPDF&amp;tx_sjcert_action%5Bcontroller%5D=Action&amp;cHash=7e527b7b529d8e87b7cae5ad2c9a5b74\">Sustainable Jersey – Building Healthier Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">US Department of Health and Human Services – Active Living</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Active Living','','inherit','closed','closed','','2169-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:57:19','2022-04-22 18:57:19','',2169,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2175',0,'revision','',0),(2176,2,'2022-04-22 18:59:23','2022-04-22 18:59:23','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Biophilic Design\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Biophilic Design?</strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design is related to the concept of biophilia, a term popularized by biologist E.O. Wilson, that suggests connections with the natural world enhance human physical and mental well-being. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> The biophilia hypothesis indicates that people have a biological affinity for nature, based on such an affinity’s evolutionary advantage. An affinity for the natural world can be broken down into nine categories representing different values and expressions of biophilia, including the natural world as a source of material utilization and exploitation, physical beauty and appeal, empirical</p>\n<p>knowledge and understanding, communication and thought, exploration and discovery, bonding and companionship, mastery and control, moral and spiritual connection, and fear and repression.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Biophilic design, which incorporates connections to natural systems and materials into the built environment, creates an opportunity for exercising and strengthening biophilic values, which in turn, opens the door to physical, intellectual, and emotional benefits.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_571\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"468\"]<img class=\"wp-image-571 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biophilic-Design-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- A cathedral has many biophilic elements in the way in which it manipulates light and space and air, and material and shape and form, and color (Source: http://www.stanford.edu/~dorris/photos/ely3.jpg).\" width=\"468\" height=\"670\" /> Figure 1- A cathedral has many biophilic elements in the way in which it manipulates light and space and air, and material and shape and form, and color (Source: http://www.stanford.edu/~dorris/photos/ely3.jpg).[/caption]<p>Key Elements of Biophilic Design<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Environmental features</li>\n<li>Natural shapes and forms</li>\n<li>Natural patterns and processes</li>\n<li>Daylight and open space</li>\n<li>Place-based relationships</li>\n<li>Evolved human-nature relationships</li>\n</ul>\n<p>These biophilic design attributes are defined further in the book,<em> “Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life</em>” by Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Biophilic Design</strong></h2>\n<p>Specify biophilic design goals early in the design process and engage the entire project team. Biophilic design involves the use of local, natural materials, potted plants, courtyard gardens, views to nature, natural light and ventilation, water features, animals and aquariums, and blurring the boundaries between the building and the surrounding landscape (see <em>Views and Operable Windows, Native and Adapted Plants, Daylighting, Natural Ventilation</em>).</p>\n<p>Studies show that fractal patterns found in nature and natural patterns such as “waves, leaves in a breeze, fish swimming in an aquarium, or a flickering fire,” captivate people’s attention and induce states of relaxation far better than spaces and views without “visual richness” such as blank, white walls or tree-less streets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Look to incorporate patterns found in nature through representational artwork, ornamentation, biomorphic forms and use of natural materials such as wood and stone.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.aiatopten.org/node/127\">Sunlight and Water, Queens Botanical </a><a href=\"http://www.aiatopten.org/node/127\">Garden (QBG) Visitor Center, Flushing, NY</a></p>\n<p>The QBG Visitor Center illustrates biophilic design with the windows in the first-floor corridor, which capture the sun reflecting off the rainwater harvest feature that runs along the exterior of the building. Depending on the time of day and amount of sunlight, an occupant of the building can see patterns of sunlight reflected on the interior walls and ceiling. The interplay between sun and water connects people inside to the changes in the outdoor environment throughout the day.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_596\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"500\"]<img class=\"wp-image-596 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biophilic-Design-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – QBG Rainwater harvest feature (Source: Jeff Goldberg, Esto)\" width=\"500\" height=\"360\" /> Figure 2 – QBG Rainwater harvest feature (Source: Jeff Goldberg, Esto)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Many studies document the benefits of a connection to nature in the built environment. For example, studies point to positive gains in workplace productivity through increased mental focus and attention, enhanced cognitive functioning, reduced stress levels, greater worker satisfaction, elevated moods, and less sick days; views to nature result in shorter recovery rates in hospitals, and daylighting increases sales in retail buildings and improves test scores and accelerates learning rates in schools.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> For example, pain medication was requested 23 percent less with patients in hospital rooms with morning sunshine compared to rooms lacking natural light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Another study showed that students with access to natural light from operable skylights improved 19-20% faster than students in classrooms without a skylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Recent studies that quantify the benefits of biophilic design elements in the built environment help advance biophilic design from an add-on to an integrated design strategy and profitable pursuit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> One peer-reviewed study by Terrapin Bright Green, LLC (see <em>Resources</em>) measures and quantifies the cost-benefits of biophilic design on the following indicators of productivity:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Illness and absenteeism</li>\n<li>Staff retention</li>\n<li>Job performance (mental stress/fatigue)</li>\n<li>Healing rates</li>\n<li>Classroom learning rates</li>\n<li>Retail sales</li>\n<li>Violence statistics</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design can lead to a deeper connection to nature, which in turn, can foster an environmental ethic that supports ecological resilience by protecting the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area and enhancing the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance. Common biophilic design features such as daylighting provide resiliency benefits by maintaining lighting levels for critical functions when the grid goes down due to environmental or other issues. The use of local materials supports local knowledge and resources for maintaining and rebuilding after storms. Natural materials such as stone provide strength and durability and also help in maintaining thermal comfort during power outages (see <em>Thermal Mass</em>). Biophilic design connects buildings to nature and links building systems to complex, natural systems that can adapt to changing conditions – a cornerstone of resiliency. Some of our most historic and beloved buildings incorporate biophilic design elements, supporting the notion that people and communities look to maintain and protect beautiful, timeless and inspiring buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> International Living Building Institute. Biophilic Design Initiative. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211223204535/https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic design-overview/</a> (accessed January 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Kellert, Stephen. “Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development.” Island Press, Shearwater Books. Washington, D.C. 1997. Page 3.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211223204535/https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed September 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Sole-Smith, Virginia. “Nature on the Threshold.” <em>New York Times</em>, September 7, 2006, Home and Garden section. <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Heschong, Lisa. <em>Daylighting in Schools</em>. California Board for Energy Efficiency. 1999. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20111220211747/http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf\">http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Wilson, Alex. <em>Biophilia in Practice: Buildings that Connect People with Nature. </em>Building Green, July 2006. <a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature</a></p>\n<p>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness. <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed January 4 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.eduec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.biophilicdesign.net\">Biophilic Design – The Architecture of Life</a>\n<ul>\n<li>Heerwagen, Judith, Kellert, Stephen, Mador, Martin. <em>Biophilic Design: Theory, Research, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life.</em> John Wiley.</li>\n<li>Kellert, Steven. 2005. <em>Buildings for Life – </em><em>Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection. </em>Island Press.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/580/biophilic-design\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211223204535/https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">Terrapin Bright Green LLC – The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature makes economic sense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psychspace_value.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Psychosocial Value of Space</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Biophilic Design','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-biophilic-design','','','2022-06-23 18:47:35','2022-06-23 18:47:35','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2176',0,'post','',0),(2177,2,'2022-04-22 18:57:38','2022-04-22 18:57:38','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','2176-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:57:38','2022-04-22 18:57:38','',2176,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2177',0,'revision','',0),(2179,2,'2022-04-22 18:59:23','2022-04-22 18:59:23','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Biophilic Design\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Biophilic Design?</strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design is related to the concept of biophilia, a term popularized by biologist E.O. Wilson, that suggests connections with the natural world enhance human physical and mental well-being. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> The biophilia hypothesis indicates that people have a biological affinity for nature, based on such an affinity’s evolutionary advantage. An affinity for the natural world can be broken down into nine categories representing different values and expressions of biophilia, including the natural world as a source of material utilization and exploitation, physical beauty and appeal, empirical</p>\n<p>knowledge and understanding, communication and thought, exploration and discovery, bonding and companionship, mastery and control, moral and spiritual connection, and fear and repression.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Biophilic design, which incorporates connections to natural systems and materials into the built environment, creates an opportunity for exercising and strengthening biophilic values, which in turn, opens the door to physical, intellectual, and emotional benefits.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_571\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"468\"]<img class=\"wp-image-571 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biophilic-Design-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- A cathedral has many biophilic elements in the way in which it manipulates light and space and air, and material and shape and form, and color (Source: http://www.stanford.edu/~dorris/photos/ely3.jpg).\" width=\"468\" height=\"670\" /> Figure 1- A cathedral has many biophilic elements in the way in which it manipulates light and space and air, and material and shape and form, and color (Source: http://www.stanford.edu/~dorris/photos/ely3.jpg).[/caption]<p>Key Elements of Biophilic Design<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Environmental features</li>\n<li>Natural shapes and forms</li>\n<li>Natural patterns and processes</li>\n<li>Daylight and open space</li>\n<li>Place-based relationships</li>\n<li>Evolved human-nature relationships</li>\n</ul>\n<p>These biophilic design attributes are defined further in the book,<em> “Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life</em>” by Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Biophilic Design</strong></h2>\n<p>Specify biophilic design goals early in the design process and engage the entire project team. Biophilic design involves the use of local, natural materials, potted plants, courtyard gardens, views to nature, natural light and ventilation, water features, animals and aquariums, and blurring the boundaries between the building and the surrounding landscape (see <em>Views and Operable Windows, Native and Adapted Plants, Daylighting, Natural Ventilation</em>).</p>\n<p>Studies show that fractal patterns found in nature and natural patterns such as “waves, leaves in a breeze, fish swimming in an aquarium, or a flickering fire,” captivate people’s attention and induce states of relaxation far better than spaces and views without “visual richness” such as blank, white walls or tree-less streets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Look to incorporate patterns found in nature through representational artwork, ornamentation, biomorphic forms and use of natural materials such as wood and stone.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.aiatopten.org/node/127\">Sunlight and Water, Queens Botanical </a><a href=\"http://www.aiatopten.org/node/127\">Garden (QBG) Visitor Center, Flushing, NY</a></p>\n<p>The QBG Visitor Center illustrates biophilic design with the windows in the first-floor corridor, which capture the sun reflecting off the rainwater harvest feature that runs along the exterior of the building. Depending on the time of day and amount of sunlight, an occupant of the building can see patterns of sunlight reflected on the interior walls and ceiling. The interplay between sun and water connects people inside to the changes in the outdoor environment throughout the day.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_596\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"500\"]<img class=\"wp-image-596 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biophilic-Design-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – QBG Rainwater harvest feature (Source: Jeff Goldberg, Esto)\" width=\"500\" height=\"360\" /> Figure 2 – QBG Rainwater harvest feature (Source: Jeff Goldberg, Esto)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Many studies document the benefits of a connection to nature in the built environment. For example, studies point to positive gains in workplace productivity through increased mental focus and attention, enhanced cognitive functioning, reduced stress levels, greater worker satisfaction, elevated moods, and less sick days; views to nature result in shorter recovery rates in hospitals, and daylighting increases sales in retail buildings and improves test scores and accelerates learning rates in schools.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> For example, pain medication was requested 23 percent less with patients in hospital rooms with morning sunshine compared to rooms lacking natural light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Another study showed that students with access to natural light from operable skylights improved 19-20% faster than students in classrooms without a skylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Recent studies that quantify the benefits of biophilic design elements in the built environment help advance biophilic design from an add-on to an integrated design strategy and profitable pursuit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> One peer-reviewed study by Terrapin Bright Green, LLC (see <em>Resources</em>) measures and quantifies the cost-benefits of biophilic design on the following indicators of productivity:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Illness and absenteeism</li>\n<li>Staff retention</li>\n<li>Job performance (mental stress/fatigue)</li>\n<li>Healing rates</li>\n<li>Classroom learning rates</li>\n<li>Retail sales</li>\n<li>Violence statistics</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design can lead to a deeper connection to nature, which in turn, can foster an environmental ethic that supports ecological resilience by protecting the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area and enhancing the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance. Common biophilic design features such as daylighting provide resiliency benefits by maintaining lighting levels for critical functions when the grid goes down due to environmental or other issues. The use of local materials supports local knowledge and resources for maintaining and rebuilding after storms. Natural materials such as stone provide strength and durability and also help in maintaining thermal comfort during power outages (see <em>Thermal Mass</em>). Biophilic design connects buildings to nature and links building systems to complex, natural systems that can adapt to changing conditions – a cornerstone of resiliency. Some of our most historic and beloved buildings incorporate biophilic design elements, supporting the notion that people and communities look to maintain and protect beautiful, timeless and inspiring buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> International Living Building Institute. Biophilic Design Initiative. <a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic design-overview/</a> (accessed January 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Kellert, Stephen. “Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development.” Island Press, Shearwater Books. Washington, D.C. 1997. Page 3.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative. <a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed September 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Sole-Smith, Virginia. “Nature on the Threshold.” <em>New York Times</em>, September 7, 2006, Home and Garden section. <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Heschong, Lisa. <em>Daylighting in Schools</em>. California Board for Energy Efficiency. 1999. <a href=\"http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf\">http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Wilson, Alex. <em>Biophilia in Practice: Buildings that Connect People with Nature. </em>Building Green, July 2006. <a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature</a></p>\n<p>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness. <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed January 4 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.eduec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.biophilicdesign.net\">Biophilic Design – The Architecture of Life</a>\n<ul>\n<li>Heerwagen, Judith, Kellert, Stephen, Mador, Martin. <em>Biophilic Design: Theory, Research, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life.</em> John Wiley.</li>\n<li>Kellert, Steven. 2005. <em>Buildings for Life – </em><em>Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection. </em>Island Press.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/580/biophilic-design\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">Terrapin Bright Green LLC – The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature makes economic sense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psychspace_value.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Psychosocial Value of Space</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','2176-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:59:23','2022-04-22 18:59:23','',2176,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2179',0,'revision','',0),(2180,2,'2022-04-22 18:59:27','2022-04-22 18:59:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Biophilic Design\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Biophilic Design?</strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design is related to the concept of biophilia, a term popularized by biologist E.O. Wilson, that suggests connections with the natural world enhance human physical and mental well-being. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> The biophilia hypothesis indicates that people have a biological affinity for nature, based on such an affinity’s evolutionary advantage. An affinity for the natural world can be broken down into nine categories representing different values and expressions of biophilia, including the natural world as a source of material utilization and exploitation, physical beauty and appeal, empirical</p>\n<p>knowledge and understanding, communication and thought, exploration and discovery, bonding and companionship, mastery and control, moral and spiritual connection, and fear and repression.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Biophilic design, which incorporates connections to natural systems and materials into the built environment, creates an opportunity for exercising and strengthening biophilic values, which in turn, opens the door to physical, intellectual, and emotional benefits.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_571\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"468\"]<img class=\"wp-image-571 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biophilic-Design-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- A cathedral has many biophilic elements in the way in which it manipulates light and space and air, and material and shape and form, and color (Source: http://www.stanford.edu/~dorris/photos/ely3.jpg).\" width=\"468\" height=\"670\" /> Figure 1- A cathedral has many biophilic elements in the way in which it manipulates light and space and air, and material and shape and form, and color (Source: http://www.stanford.edu/~dorris/photos/ely3.jpg).[/caption]<p>Key Elements of Biophilic Design<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Environmental features</li>\n<li>Natural shapes and forms</li>\n<li>Natural patterns and processes</li>\n<li>Daylight and open space</li>\n<li>Place-based relationships</li>\n<li>Evolved human-nature relationships</li>\n</ul>\n<p>These biophilic design attributes are defined further in the book,<em> “Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life</em>” by Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Biophilic Design</strong></h2>\n<p>Specify biophilic design goals early in the design process and engage the entire project team. Biophilic design involves the use of local, natural materials, potted plants, courtyard gardens, views to nature, natural light and ventilation, water features, animals and aquariums, and blurring the boundaries between the building and the surrounding landscape (see <em>Views and Operable Windows, Native and Adapted Plants, Daylighting, Natural Ventilation</em>).</p>\n<p>Studies show that fractal patterns found in nature and natural patterns such as “waves, leaves in a breeze, fish swimming in an aquarium, or a flickering fire,” captivate people’s attention and induce states of relaxation far better than spaces and views without “visual richness” such as blank, white walls or tree-less streets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Look to incorporate patterns found in nature through representational artwork, ornamentation, biomorphic forms and use of natural materials such as wood and stone.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.aiatopten.org/node/127\">Sunlight and Water, Queens Botanical </a><a href=\"http://www.aiatopten.org/node/127\">Garden (QBG) Visitor Center, Flushing, NY</a></p>\n<p>The QBG Visitor Center illustrates biophilic design with the windows in the first-floor corridor, which capture the sun reflecting off the rainwater harvest feature that runs along the exterior of the building. Depending on the time of day and amount of sunlight, an occupant of the building can see patterns of sunlight reflected on the interior walls and ceiling. The interplay between sun and water connects people inside to the changes in the outdoor environment throughout the day.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_596\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"500\"]<img class=\"wp-image-596 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Biophilic-Design-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – QBG Rainwater harvest feature (Source: Jeff Goldberg, Esto)\" width=\"500\" height=\"360\" /> Figure 2 – QBG Rainwater harvest feature (Source: Jeff Goldberg, Esto)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Many studies document the benefits of a connection to nature in the built environment. For example, studies point to positive gains in workplace productivity through increased mental focus and attention, enhanced cognitive functioning, reduced stress levels, greater worker satisfaction, elevated moods, and less sick days; views to nature result in shorter recovery rates in hospitals, and daylighting increases sales in retail buildings and improves test scores and accelerates learning rates in schools.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> For example, pain medication was requested 23 percent less with patients in hospital rooms with morning sunshine compared to rooms lacking natural light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Another study showed that students with access to natural light from operable skylights improved 19-20% faster than students in classrooms without a skylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Recent studies that quantify the benefits of biophilic design elements in the built environment help advance biophilic design from an add-on to an integrated design strategy and profitable pursuit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> One peer-reviewed study by Terrapin Bright Green, LLC (see <em>Resources</em>) measures and quantifies the cost-benefits of biophilic design on the following indicators of productivity:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Illness and absenteeism</li>\n<li>Staff retention</li>\n<li>Job performance (mental stress/fatigue)</li>\n<li>Healing rates</li>\n<li>Classroom learning rates</li>\n<li>Retail sales</li>\n<li>Violence statistics</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design can lead to a deeper connection to nature, which in turn, can foster an environmental ethic that supports ecological resilience by protecting the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area and enhancing the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance. Common biophilic design features such as daylighting provide resiliency benefits by maintaining lighting levels for critical functions when the grid goes down due to environmental or other issues. The use of local materials supports local knowledge and resources for maintaining and rebuilding after storms. Natural materials such as stone provide strength and durability and also help in maintaining thermal comfort during power outages (see <em>Thermal Mass</em>). Biophilic design connects buildings to nature and links building systems to complex, natural systems that can adapt to changing conditions – a cornerstone of resiliency. Some of our most historic and beloved buildings incorporate biophilic design elements, supporting the notion that people and communities look to maintain and protect beautiful, timeless and inspiring buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> International Living Building Institute. Biophilic Design Initiative. <a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic design-overview/</a> (accessed January 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Kellert, Stephen. “Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development.” Island Press, Shearwater Books. Washington, D.C. 1997. Page 3.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative. <a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed September 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Sole-Smith, Virginia. “Nature on the Threshold.” <em>New York Times</em>, September 7, 2006, Home and Garden section. <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Heschong, Lisa. <em>Daylighting in Schools</em>. California Board for Energy Efficiency. 1999. <a href=\"http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf\">http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf</a> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Wilson, Alex. <em>Biophilia in Practice: Buildings that Connect People with Nature. </em>Building Green, July 2006. <a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature</a></p>\n<p>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-biophilic-design/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness. <a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a> (accessed January 4 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.eduec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.biophilicdesign.net\">Biophilic Design – The Architecture of Life</a>\n<ul>\n<li>Heerwagen, Judith, Kellert, Stephen, Mador, Martin. <em>Biophilic Design: Theory, Research, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life.</em> John Wiley.</li>\n<li>Kellert, Steven. 2005. <em>Buildings for Life – </em><em>Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection. </em>Island Press.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/580/biophilic-design\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">Terrapin Bright Green LLC – The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature makes economic sense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psychspace_value.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Psychosocial Value of Space</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Biophilic Design','','inherit','closed','closed','','2176-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 18:59:27','2022-04-22 18:59:27','',2176,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2180',0,'revision','',0),(2181,2,'2022-04-22 19:02:56','2022-04-22 19:02:56','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Flexible Workspaces\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What are Flexible Workspaces?</strong></h2>\n<p>Flexible workspaces are settings that support a variety of business arrangements tailored to the needs of the user.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Changes in technology, management approaches, and business models drive a need for spaces that can adapt quickly to change. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Disassembly, deconstruction, and demolition are essential considerations for managing resources and the waste stream when creating new building environments (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>). New construction should emphasize reusable parts and easy access to infrastructure, plumbing, and wiring as well as planning for recycling or reuse of leftover materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> In addition to a focus on flexible workspaces in a traditional office environment, there is also an increasing number of people using flexible work locations such as co-working spaces or fully equipped shared spaces (<em>see Alternative Transportation and Transit Oriented Design)</em>.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Flexible Workspaces </strong></h2>\n<p>Flexible workspaces should provide flexible infrastructure, adjustable workstations and support mobility within the office and outside of the office. Re-configurable furniture in meeting spaces as well as providing options for subdividing larger spaces help contribute to a more flexible work environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>To implement flexible workspaces, it is essential to:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Engage in an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>).</li>\n<li>Provide flexibility for delivering power, voice, data, and internet.</li>\n<li>Provide distributed, vertical cores, satellite closets, and generous horizontal plenum spaces with mobile, user-based services to accommodate changing technology.</li>\n<li>Provide systems that are controllable and adjustable by the users without depending on outside contractors (<em>see Individual Comfort Controls</em>).</li>\n<li>Incorporate sustainable design principles, which can help achieve flexible spaces.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></li>\n<li>Use durable materials that are worth recovering for reuse or recycling (<em>see Durable and Adaptable Materials</em>).</li>\n<li>Plan for the movement and safety of occupants to allow for building adaptation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Table 1. Drivers, Solutions, and Issues for the Changing Workplace (Adapted from Whole Building Design Guide – The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work, and Workplace) <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_262\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1430\"]<img class=\"wp-image-262 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Flexible-Spaces-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1. Drivers, Solutions, and Issues for the Changing Workplace (Adapted from Whole Building Design Guide – The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work, and Workplace) [7]\" width=\"1430\" height=\"1044\" /> Table 1. Drivers, Solutions, and Issues for the Changing Workplace (Adapted from Whole Building Design Guide – The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work, and Workplace) [7][/caption]<br />\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces the need to alter infrastructure</li>\n<li>Enables low-cost and less complicated reconfiguration</li>\n<li>Promotes productivity and efficiency and occupant satisfaction</li>\n<li>Reduces real estate costs (by de-linking physical space consumption from occupant headcount)</li>\n<li>Improves organizational flexibility and agility to respond to current and future workforce demands</li>\n<li>Increases options for disassembly and deconstruction<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Companies need to plan for flexibility and change to keep up with changing business models and technology. The GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool includes a case study for the renovation of the PBS Chicago Regional Office. Through incorporating flexible design strategies, the renovation reduced costs of reconfiguration of workstations from $900 per workstation and $1650 per office to $0. Plug and play data and telecom enabled GSA staff to make changes without the help of outside technicians, saving approximately $125 per change. Designing flexible workspaces can minimize costs associated with reconfigurations as technology and office environments evolve. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Flexibility and adaptability are elements that contribute to a resilient workplace. As described by Judith Heerwagen and Michael Bloom in the Resilient Workplace, workplaces need to promote the capacity of humans to be creative and adapt in the face of disruption and change.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/design_change.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/design_change.php</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Office Building. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/building-types/office-building\">https://www.wbdg.org/building-types/office-building</a>  (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool. Flexible Workplace Design.  (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Design for the Changing Workplace. (accessed January 20, 2019 ).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Adapted from Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/chngorgwork.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/chngorgwork.php</a> (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool. Flexible Workplace Design. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/243/flexible-workplace-design\">https://sftool.gov/learn/about/243/flexible-workplace-design</a> (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool. (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Heerwagen, Judith and Michael F. Bloom. The Resilient Workplace. <a href=\"http://workandplace.com/the-resilient-workplace/\">http://workandplace.com/the-resilient-workplace/</a> (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste/\">Construction and Demolition(C&amp;D) Waste</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/243/flexible-workplace-design\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Flexible Workplace Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/benefits.htm\">UC Berkeley Center for the Built Environment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">US EPA – Sustainable Materials Management. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. Designing for Adaptability, Disassembly, and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/design_change.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Design for the Changing Workplace</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/chngorgwork.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work and Workplace</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Flexible Workspaces','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-flexible-workspaces','','','2022-04-22 19:03:00','2022-04-22 19:03:00','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2181',0,'post','',0),(2182,2,'2022-04-22 19:01:18','2022-04-22 19:01:18','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','2181-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 19:01:18','2022-04-22 19:01:18','',2181,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2182',0,'revision','',0),(2184,2,'2022-04-22 19:02:56','2022-04-22 19:02:56','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Flexible Workspaces\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What are Flexible Workspaces?</strong></h2>\n<p>Flexible workspaces are settings that support a variety of business arrangements tailored to the needs of the user.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Changes in technology, management approaches, and business models drive a need for spaces that can adapt quickly to change. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Disassembly, deconstruction, and demolition are essential considerations for managing resources and the waste stream when creating new building environments (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>). New construction should emphasize reusable parts and easy access to infrastructure, plumbing, and wiring as well as planning for recycling or reuse of leftover materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> In addition to a focus on flexible workspaces in a traditional office environment, there is also an increasing number of people using flexible work locations such as co-working spaces or fully equipped shared spaces (<em>see Alternative Transportation and Transit Oriented Design)</em>.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Flexible Workspaces </strong></h2>\n<p>Flexible workspaces should provide flexible infrastructure, adjustable workstations and support mobility within the office and outside of the office. Re-configurable furniture in meeting spaces as well as providing options for subdividing larger spaces help contribute to a more flexible work environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>To implement flexible workspaces, it is essential to:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Engage in an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>).</li>\n<li>Provide flexibility for delivering power, voice, data, and internet.</li>\n<li>Provide distributed, vertical cores, satellite closets, and generous horizontal plenum spaces with mobile, user-based services to accommodate changing technology.</li>\n<li>Provide systems that are controllable and adjustable by the users without depending on outside contractors (<em>see Individual Comfort Controls</em>).</li>\n<li>Incorporate sustainable design principles, which can help achieve flexible spaces.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></li>\n<li>Use durable materials that are worth recovering for reuse or recycling (<em>see Durable and Adaptable Materials</em>).</li>\n<li>Plan for the movement and safety of occupants to allow for building adaptation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Table 1. Drivers, Solutions, and Issues for the Changing Workplace (Adapted from Whole Building Design Guide – The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work, and Workplace) <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_262\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1430\"]<img class=\"wp-image-262 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Flexible-Spaces-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1. Drivers, Solutions, and Issues for the Changing Workplace (Adapted from Whole Building Design Guide – The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work, and Workplace) [7]\" width=\"1430\" height=\"1044\" /> Table 1. Drivers, Solutions, and Issues for the Changing Workplace (Adapted from Whole Building Design Guide – The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work, and Workplace) [7][/caption]<br />\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces the need to alter infrastructure</li>\n<li>Enables low-cost and less complicated reconfiguration</li>\n<li>Promotes productivity and efficiency and occupant satisfaction</li>\n<li>Reduces real estate costs (by de-linking physical space consumption from occupant headcount)</li>\n<li>Improves organizational flexibility and agility to respond to current and future workforce demands</li>\n<li>Increases options for disassembly and deconstruction<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Companies need to plan for flexibility and change to keep up with changing business models and technology. The GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool includes a case study for the renovation of the PBS Chicago Regional Office. Through incorporating flexible design strategies, the renovation reduced costs of reconfiguration of workstations from $900 per workstation and $1650 per office to $0. Plug and play data and telecom enabled GSA staff to make changes without the help of outside technicians, saving approximately $125 per change. Designing flexible workspaces can minimize costs associated with reconfigurations as technology and office environments evolve. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Flexibility and adaptability are elements that contribute to a resilient workplace. As described by Judith Heerwagen and Michael Bloom in the Resilient Workplace, workplaces need to promote the capacity of humans to be creative and adapt in the face of disruption and change.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/design_change.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/design_change.php</a> (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Office Building. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/building-types/office-building\">https://www.wbdg.org/building-types/office-building</a>  (accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool. Flexible Workplace Design.  (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Design for the Changing Workplace. (accessed January 20, 2019 ).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Adapted from Whole Building Design Guide. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/chngorgwork.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/chngorgwork.php</a> (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool. Flexible Workplace Design. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/243/flexible-workplace-design\">https://sftool.gov/learn/about/243/flexible-workplace-design</a> (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool. (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Heerwagen, Judith and Michael F. Bloom. The Resilient Workplace. <a href=\"http://workandplace.com/the-resilient-workplace/\">http://workandplace.com/the-resilient-workplace/</a> (accessed January 20, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste/\">Construction and Demolition(C&amp;D) Waste</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/243/flexible-workplace-design\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Flexible Workplace Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/benefits.htm\">UC Berkeley Center for the Built Environment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">US EPA – Sustainable Materials Management. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. Designing for Adaptability, Disassembly, and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/design_change.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Design for the Changing Workplace</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/chngorgwork.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work and Workplace</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','2181-revision-v1','','','2022-04-22 19:02:56','2022-04-22 19:02:56','',2181,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2184',0,'revision','',0),