(1903,2,'2022-04-18 20:15:07','2022-04-18 20:15:07','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Glare and Heat Gain Reduction\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Glare and Heat Gain Reduction?</h2>\nGlare occurs when sunlight or artificial light inhibits a person from visually focusing on his or her task either by casting a veil of light between the task and the viewer or by flooding the eyes with light. For example, sun glare on a document makes the black text almost as bright as the white background, reducing the contrast and making the document difficult to read.\n\nHeat gain describes when solar radiation or warmth enters a building through windows, skylights or other glazing systems. Maximizing heat gain during the winter through passive solar strategies and minimizing heat gain and reducing cooling loads during the summer, while maintaining daylighting quality, provides energy and cost savings and enhances thermal comfort (see <em>Daylighting</em>).\n\nReducing glare and heat gain requires balancing electrical lighting and daylighting goals and utilizing protective barriers such as high-performance window glazing systems and external or internal physical barriers such as shades, blinds, awnings, overhangs or vegetation (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems</em>, <em>Energy-Efficient Windows, </em>and <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_179\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"552\"]<img class=\"wp-image-179 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"552\" height=\"488\" /> Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_588\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"586\"]<img class=\"wp-image-588 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"586\" height=\"458\" /> Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</strong></h2>\nDesigning for glare and heat gain reduction in existing commercial building involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current glare and heat gain issues and to identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step is to conduct an energy audit to identify cost-effective strategies to reduce energy consumption and improve thermal comfort in glare and heat reduction categories such as daylighting and lighting, window replacement, and building envelope upgrades (see <em>Energy Audit</em>). Use <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a> to benchmark energy usage and identify upgrade opportunities.\n\nProject-specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting or lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a>\n\nUse simulation programs such as the <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/new_selection1.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative Window Selection Tool</a> or <a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen\">Berkeley Lab’s RESFEN</a> to determine energy-efficient and cost-effective window options. Look for the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">ENERGY STAR label</a>, which sets standards for energy-efficiency that often exceed local energy code requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>\n\nThe following strategies and information provide general guidance on reducing glare and heat gain in existing buildings:\n\nThe Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) indicates how much of the sun’s solar energy transmits through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential increases. Visible transmittance (VT) refers to the amount of visible light transmitted through the window. A higher VT means more daylight in a space. Advances in high-performance tinted glass and low-solar-gain low-e coatings reduce solar heat gain while maintaining visible transmittance. Using high-performance windows to provide solar control reduces the need for operating shades, resulting in increased daylight and unobstructed views.\n\nWhen selecting a window based on performance, look for visible transmittance (VT) levels higher than (&gt; 70%), especially for daylighting applications (see <em>Daylighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, EnergyStar recommends SHGC of 0.4 (40%) or lower for buildings with moderate air conditioning requirements. Look for SHGC values of 0.25 or less for buildings with significant air conditioning costs or summer overheating problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, a U-factor of <u>&lt;</u> 0.25 is recommended for high-performance buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a>\n\nManaging solar heat gains on the exterior of the building prevents heat from entering the building in the first place. In combination with high-performance glazing systems, consider shading devices early in the design process to achieve a well-integrated architectural design.\n\nExterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light.\n\nInterior glare control devices, such as Venetian blinds, miniblinds, vertical\nslatted blinds, pleated and honeycomb shades, and roll-down shades can reduce direct sunlight and glare but are less effective at reducing cooling loads since they only block sunlight and do not prevent solar gains from entering the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Motorized and automated shading systems use sensors, time clocks, a building automation system or occupant control to adjust the position of window coverings to reduce glare, daylighting or privacy levels or heat gain (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).\n\nNatural landscaping such as mature trees or hedgerows can provide shading. Plant a shade tree near the window or skylight to shade it during the summer months and let as much light and heat in as possible during the winter months (see <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/pdf/SmithCaseStudyFinal.pdf\">Smith Middle School Chapel Hill, NC.</a>\n\nThis case study documents that proper daylighting design that addresses glare and heat gain reductions can result in energy savings (64% reduction in lighting energy), occupant comfort (teachers and students favor daylighting in the classrooms) and return on investment (4.2 years).\n\n<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a>.\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\nEffectively managing glare and heat gains offers multiple benefits, including:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced peak heat gain and cooling requirements in the summer and maximized solar heat gain in winter, leading to mechanical equipment downsizing, saving capital costs, and reducing mechanical loads and operating expenses (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment)</em>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n	<li>Improved daylighting design, reducing electrical lighting requirements.</li>\n	<li>Diminished ultraviolet (UV) and other solar radiation which causes fading of fabrics and furnishings.</li>\n	<li>Added environmental benefits such as stormwater management and occupant benefits including views and connection to nature by utilizing energy-efficient landscaping.</li>\n	<li>Increased occupant visual and thermal comfort by managing glare and solar heat gains resulting in increased occupant satisfaction and productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n	<li>Enhanced visual interest in building design through the use of shading devices, building orientation and architectural form.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\nCosts vary depending on the types of strategies implemented. Designing for glare and heat gain reduction should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n\nThe cost of windows varies by project. Energy savings combined with improved visual and thermal comfort and daylighting benefits often justify the investment in high-performance windows. Available rebates and incentives can help offset upfront costs. For up-to-date information on available incentives, visit the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=windows_doors.pr_benefits\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/programs\">NJ Clean Energy Program</a> websites.\n\nThe cost of planting a tree or shrub for shade may range from as little as $10 to hundreds of dollars depending on materials and labor and maturity of selected landscaping vegetation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a>\n\nExternal window coverings range in price from low-budget options for an aluminum awning to more costly investments for a shade structure. There are also additional costs associated with maintenance of outdoor structures, notably year-round or permanently affixed shades.\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage or a heat wave during the summer months, a building designed to optimize daylighting and reduce glare and heat gain can maintain comfortable internal temperatures and lighting levels for building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid by reducing the need for electrical lighting and air conditioning.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Energy Star. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Windows and Glazing. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Ibid.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. “Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in New Jersey.” January 2016. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. “Energy-Efficient Window Attachments.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cost averaged from several suppliers.[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.umn.edu/index.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindowcoverings.org\">Efficient Window Coverings and Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/residential_windows_doors_and_skylights\">Energy Star – Windows, Doors, and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nfrc.org\">National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170719235328/http://newbuildings.org:80/resource/daylighting-guide-office-interiors/\">Daylighting Guide for Office Interiors </a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE – Energy Savers</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">Energy Efficient Window Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/design/windows-doors-and-skylights/energy-performance-ratings-windows-doors-and\">Energy Performance Ratings for Windows </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/window-types-and-technologies\">Window Types and Technologies</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psheating.php\">Passive Solar Heating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">Windows and Glazing</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Glare and Heat Gain Reduction','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction','','','2022-06-23 17:59:31','2022-06-23 17:59:31','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1903',0,'post','',0),(1904,2,'2022-04-18 20:12:42','2022-04-18 20:12:42','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1903-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:12:42','2022-04-18 20:12:42','',1903,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1904',0,'revision','',0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (1906,2,'2022-04-18 20:15:07','2022-04-18 20:15:07','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Glare and Heat Gain Reduction\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Glare and Heat Gain Reduction?</h2>\nGlare occurs when sunlight or artificial light inhibits a person from visually focusing on his or her task either by casting a veil of light between the task and the viewer or by flooding the eyes with light. For example, sun glare on a document makes the black text almost as bright as the white background, reducing the contrast and making the document difficult to read.\n\nHeat gain describes when solar radiation or warmth enters a building through windows, skylights or other glazing systems. Maximizing heat gain during the winter through passive solar strategies and minimizing heat gain and reducing cooling loads during the summer, while maintaining daylighting quality, provides energy and cost savings and enhances thermal comfort (see <em>Daylighting</em>).\n\nReducing glare and heat gain requires balancing electrical lighting and daylighting goals and utilizing protective barriers such as high-performance window glazing systems and external or internal physical barriers such as shades, blinds, awnings, overhangs or vegetation (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems</em>, <em>Energy-Efficient Windows, </em>and <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_179\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"552\"]<img class=\"wp-image-179 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"552\" height=\"488\" /> Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_588\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"586\"]<img class=\"wp-image-588 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"586\" height=\"458\" /> Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</strong></h2>\nDesigning for glare and heat gain reduction in existing commercial building involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current glare and heat gain issues and to identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step is to conduct an energy audit to identify cost-effective strategies to reduce energy consumption and improve thermal comfort in glare and heat reduction categories such as daylighting and lighting, window replacement, and building envelope upgrades (see <em>Energy Audit</em>). Use <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a> to benchmark energy usage and identify upgrade opportunities.\n\nProject-specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting or lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a>\n\nUse simulation programs such as the <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/new_selection1.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative Window Selection Tool</a> or <a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen\">Berkeley Lab’s RESFEN</a> to determine energy-efficient and cost-effective window options. Look for the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">ENERGY STAR label</a>, which sets standards for energy-efficiency that often exceed local energy code requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>\n\nThe following strategies and information provide general guidance on reducing glare and heat gain in existing buildings:\n\nThe Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) indicates how much of the sun’s solar energy transmits through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential increases. Visible transmittance (VT) refers to the amount of visible light transmitted through the window. A higher VT means more daylight in a space. Advances in high-performance tinted glass and low-solar-gain low-e coatings reduce solar heat gain while maintaining visible transmittance. Using high-performance windows to provide solar control reduces the need for operating shades, resulting in increased daylight and unobstructed views.\n\nWhen selecting a window based on performance, look for visible transmittance (VT) levels higher than (&gt; 70%), especially for daylighting applications (see <em>Daylighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, EnergyStar recommends SHGC of 0.4 (40%) or lower for buildings with moderate air conditioning requirements. Look for SHGC values of 0.25 or less for buildings with significant air conditioning costs or summer overheating problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, a U-factor of <u>&lt;</u> 0.25 is recommended for high-performance buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a>\n\nManaging solar heat gains on the exterior of the building prevents heat from entering the building in the first place. In combination with high-performance glazing systems, consider shading devices early in the design process to achieve a well-integrated architectural design.\n\nExterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light.\n\nInterior glare control devices, such as Venetian blinds, miniblinds, vertical\nslatted blinds, pleated and honeycomb shades, and roll-down shades can reduce direct sunlight and glare but are less effective at reducing cooling loads since they only block sunlight and do not prevent solar gains from entering the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Motorized and automated shading systems use sensors, time clocks, a building automation system or occupant control to adjust the position of window coverings to reduce glare, daylighting or privacy levels or heat gain (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).\n\nNatural landscaping such as mature trees or hedgerows can provide shading. Plant a shade tree near the window or skylight to shade it during the summer months and let as much light and heat in as possible during the winter months (see <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/pdf/SmithCaseStudyFinal.pdf\">Smith Middle School Chapel Hill, NC.</a>\n\nThis case study documents that proper daylighting design that addresses glare and heat gain reductions can result in energy savings (64% reduction in lighting energy), occupant comfort (teachers and students favor daylighting in the classrooms) and return on investment (4.2 years).\n\n<a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a>.\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\nEffectively managing glare and heat gains offers multiple benefits, including:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced peak heat gain and cooling requirements in the summer and maximized solar heat gain in winter, leading to mechanical equipment downsizing, saving capital costs, and reducing mechanical loads and operating expenses (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment)</em>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n	<li>Improved daylighting design, reducing electrical lighting requirements.</li>\n	<li>Diminished ultraviolet (UV) and other solar radiation which causes fading of fabrics and furnishings.</li>\n	<li>Added environmental benefits such as stormwater management and occupant benefits including views and connection to nature by utilizing energy-efficient landscaping.</li>\n	<li>Increased occupant visual and thermal comfort by managing glare and solar heat gains resulting in increased occupant satisfaction and productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n	<li>Enhanced visual interest in building design through the use of shading devices, building orientation and architectural form.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\nCosts vary depending on the types of strategies implemented. Designing for glare and heat gain reduction should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n\nThe cost of windows varies by project. Energy savings combined with improved visual and thermal comfort and daylighting benefits often justify the investment in high-performance windows. Available rebates and incentives can help offset upfront costs. For up-to-date information on available incentives, visit the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=windows_doors.pr_benefits\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/programs\">NJ Clean Energy Program</a> websites.\n\nThe cost of planting a tree or shrub for shade may range from as little as $10 to hundreds of dollars depending on materials and labor and maturity of selected landscaping vegetation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a>\n\nExternal window coverings range in price from low-budget options for an aluminum awning to more costly investments for a shade structure. There are also additional costs associated with maintenance of outdoor structures, notably year-round or permanently affixed shades.\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage or a heat wave during the summer months, a building designed to optimize daylighting and reduce glare and heat gain can maintain comfortable internal temperatures and lighting levels for building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid by reducing the need for electrical lighting and air conditioning.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Energy Star. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Windows and Glazing. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Ibid.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. “Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in New Jersey.” January 2016. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. “Energy-Efficient Window Attachments.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cost averaged from several suppliers.[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.umn.edu/index.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindowcoverings.org\">Efficient Window Coverings and Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/residential_windows_doors_and_skylights\">Energy Star – Windows, Doors, and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nfrc.org\">National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/resource/daylighting-guide-office-interiors/\">Daylighting Guide for Office Interiors </a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE – Energy Savers</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">Energy Efficient Window Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/design/windows-doors-and-skylights/energy-performance-ratings-windows-doors-and\">Energy Performance Ratings for Windows </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/window-types-and-technologies\">Window Types and Technologies</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psheating.php\">Passive Solar Heating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">Windows and Glazing</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Glare and Heat Gain Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1903-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:15:07','2022-04-18 20:15:07','',1903,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1906',0,'revision','',0),(1907,2,'2022-04-18 20:15:07','2022-04-18 20:15:07','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Glare and Heat Gain Reduction\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Glare and Heat Gain Reduction?</h2>\nGlare occurs when sunlight or artificial light inhibits a person from visually focusing on his or her task either by casting a veil of light between the task and the viewer or by flooding the eyes with light. For example, sun glare on a document makes the black text almost as bright as the white background, reducing the contrast and making the document difficult to read.\n\nHeat gain describes when solar radiation or warmth enters a building through windows, skylights or other glazing systems. Maximizing heat gain during the winter through passive solar strategies and minimizing heat gain and reducing cooling loads during the summer, while maintaining daylighting quality, provides energy and cost savings and enhances thermal comfort (see <em>Daylighting</em>).\n\nReducing glare and heat gain requires balancing electrical lighting and daylighting goals and utilizing protective barriers such as high-performance window glazing systems and external or internal physical barriers such as shades, blinds, awnings, overhangs or vegetation (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems</em>, <em>Energy-Efficient Windows, </em>and <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_179\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"552\"]<img class=\"wp-image-179 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"552\" height=\"488\" /> Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_588\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"586\"]<img class=\"wp-image-588 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"586\" height=\"458\" /> Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</strong></h2>\nDesigning for glare and heat gain reduction in existing commercial building involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current glare and heat gain issues and to identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step is to conduct an energy audit to identify cost-effective strategies to reduce energy consumption and improve thermal comfort in glare and heat reduction categories such as daylighting and lighting, window replacement, and building envelope upgrades (see <em>Energy Audit</em>). Use <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a> to benchmark energy usage and identify upgrade opportunities.\n\nProject-specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting or lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a>\n\nUse simulation programs such as the <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/new_selection1.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative Window Selection Tool</a> or <a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen\">Berkeley Lab’s RESFEN</a> to determine energy-efficient and cost-effective window options. Look for the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">ENERGY STAR label</a>, which sets standards for energy-efficiency that often exceed local energy code requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>\n\nThe following strategies and information provide general guidance on reducing glare and heat gain in existing buildings:\n\nThe Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) indicates how much of the sun’s solar energy transmits through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential increases. Visible transmittance (VT) refers to the amount of visible light transmitted through the window. A higher VT means more daylight in a space. Advances in high-performance tinted glass and low-solar-gain low-e coatings reduce solar heat gain while maintaining visible transmittance. Using high-performance windows to provide solar control reduces the need for operating shades, resulting in increased daylight and unobstructed views.\n\nWhen selecting a window based on performance, look for visible transmittance (VT) levels higher than (&gt; 70%), especially for daylighting applications (see <em>Daylighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, EnergyStar recommends SHGC of 0.4 (40%) or lower for buildings with moderate air conditioning requirements. Look for SHGC values of 0.25 or less for buildings with significant air conditioning costs or summer overheating problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, a U-factor of <u>&lt;</u> 0.25 is recommended for high-performance buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a>\n\nManaging solar heat gains on the exterior of the building prevents heat from entering the building in the first place. In combination with high-performance glazing systems, consider shading devices early in the design process to achieve a well-integrated architectural design.\n\nExterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light.\n\nInterior glare control devices, such as Venetian blinds, miniblinds, vertical\nslatted blinds, pleated and honeycomb shades, and roll-down shades can reduce direct sunlight and glare but are less effective at reducing cooling loads since they only block sunlight and do not prevent solar gains from entering the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Motorized and automated shading systems use sensors, time clocks, a building automation system or occupant control to adjust the position of window coverings to reduce glare, daylighting or privacy levels or heat gain (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).\n\nNatural landscaping such as mature trees or hedgerows can provide shading. Plant a shade tree near the window or skylight to shade it during the summer months and let as much light and heat in as possible during the winter months (see <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/pdf/SmithCaseStudyFinal.pdf\">Smith Middle School Chapel Hill, NC.</a>\n\nThis case study documents that proper daylighting design that addresses glare and heat gain reductions can result in energy savings (64% reduction in lighting energy), occupant comfort (teachers and students favor daylighting in the classrooms) and return on investment (4.2 years).\n\n<a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a>.\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\nEffectively managing glare and heat gains offers multiple benefits, including:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced peak heat gain and cooling requirements in the summer and maximized solar heat gain in winter, leading to mechanical equipment downsizing, saving capital costs, and reducing mechanical loads and operating expenses (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment)</em>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n	<li>Improved daylighting design, reducing electrical lighting requirements.</li>\n	<li>Diminished ultraviolet (UV) and other solar radiation which causes fading of fabrics and furnishings.</li>\n	<li>Added environmental benefits such as stormwater management and occupant benefits including views and connection to nature by utilizing energy-efficient landscaping.</li>\n	<li>Increased occupant visual and thermal comfort by managing glare and solar heat gains resulting in increased occupant satisfaction and productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n	<li>Enhanced visual interest in building design through the use of shading devices, building orientation and architectural form.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\nCosts vary depending on the types of strategies implemented. Designing for glare and heat gain reduction should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n\nThe cost of windows varies by project. Energy savings combined with improved visual and thermal comfort and daylighting benefits often justify the investment in high-performance windows. Available rebates and incentives can help offset upfront costs. For up-to-date information on available incentives, visit the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=windows_doors.pr_benefits\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/programs\">NJ Clean Energy Program</a> websites.\n\nThe cost of planting a tree or shrub for shade may range from as little as $10 to hundreds of dollars depending on materials and labor and maturity of selected landscaping vegetation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a>\n\nExternal window coverings range in price from low-budget options for an aluminum awning to more costly investments for a shade structure. There are also additional costs associated with maintenance of outdoor structures, notably year-round or permanently affixed shades.\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage or a heat wave during the summer months, a building designed to optimize daylighting and reduce glare and heat gain can maintain comfortable internal temperatures and lighting levels for building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid by reducing the need for electrical lighting and air conditioning.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Energy Star. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Windows and Glazing. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Ibid.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. “Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in New Jersey.” January 2016. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. “Energy-Efficient Window Attachments.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cost averaged from several suppliers.[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.umn.edu/index.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindowcoverings.org\">Efficient Window Coverings and Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/residential_windows_doors_and_skylights\">Energy Star – Windows, Doors, and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nfrc.org\">National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/resource/daylighting-guide-office-interiors/\">Daylighting Guide for Office Interiors </a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE – Energy Savers</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">Energy Efficient Window Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/design/windows-doors-and-skylights/energy-performance-ratings-windows-doors-and\">Energy Performance Ratings for Windows </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/window-types-and-technologies\">Window Types and Technologies</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psheating.php\">Passive Solar Heating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">Windows and Glazing</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1903-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:15:07','2022-04-18 20:15:07','',1903,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1907',0,'revision','',0),(1908,2,'2022-04-18 20:15:11','2022-04-18 20:15:11','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Glare and Heat Gain Reduction\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Glare and Heat Gain Reduction?</h2>\nGlare occurs when sunlight or artificial light inhibits a person from visually focusing on his or her task either by casting a veil of light between the task and the viewer or by flooding the eyes with light. For example, sun glare on a document makes the black text almost as bright as the white background, reducing the contrast and making the document difficult to read.\n\nHeat gain describes when solar radiation or warmth enters a building through windows, skylights or other glazing systems. Maximizing heat gain during the winter through passive solar strategies and minimizing heat gain and reducing cooling loads during the summer, while maintaining daylighting quality, provides energy and cost savings and enhances thermal comfort (see <em>Daylighting</em>).\n\nReducing glare and heat gain requires balancing electrical lighting and daylighting goals and utilizing protective barriers such as high-performance window glazing systems and external or internal physical barriers such as shades, blinds, awnings, overhangs or vegetation (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems</em>, <em>Energy-Efficient Windows, </em>and <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_179\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"552\"]<img class=\"wp-image-179 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"552\" height=\"488\" /> Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_588\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"586\"]<img class=\"wp-image-588 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"586\" height=\"458\" /> Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</strong></h2>\nDesigning for glare and heat gain reduction in existing commercial building involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current glare and heat gain issues and to identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step is to conduct an energy audit to identify cost-effective strategies to reduce energy consumption and improve thermal comfort in glare and heat reduction categories such as daylighting and lighting, window replacement, and building envelope upgrades (see <em>Energy Audit</em>). Use <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a> to benchmark energy usage and identify upgrade opportunities.\n\nProject-specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting or lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a>\n\nUse simulation programs such as the <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/new_selection1.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative Window Selection Tool</a> or <a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen\">Berkeley Lab’s RESFEN</a> to determine energy-efficient and cost-effective window options. Look for the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">ENERGY STAR label</a>, which sets standards for energy-efficiency that often exceed local energy code requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>\n\nThe following strategies and information provide general guidance on reducing glare and heat gain in existing buildings:\n\nThe Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) indicates how much of the sun’s solar energy transmits through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential increases. Visible transmittance (VT) refers to the amount of visible light transmitted through the window. A higher VT means more daylight in a space. Advances in high-performance tinted glass and low-solar-gain low-e coatings reduce solar heat gain while maintaining visible transmittance. Using high-performance windows to provide solar control reduces the need for operating shades, resulting in increased daylight and unobstructed views.\n\nWhen selecting a window based on performance, look for visible transmittance (VT) levels higher than (&gt; 70%), especially for daylighting applications (see <em>Daylighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, EnergyStar recommends SHGC of 0.4 (40%) or lower for buildings with moderate air conditioning requirements. Look for SHGC values of 0.25 or less for buildings with significant air conditioning costs or summer overheating problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, a U-factor of <u>&lt;</u> 0.25 is recommended for high-performance buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a>\n\nManaging solar heat gains on the exterior of the building prevents heat from entering the building in the first place. In combination with high-performance glazing systems, consider shading devices early in the design process to achieve a well-integrated architectural design.\n\nExterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light.\n\nInterior glare control devices, such as Venetian blinds, miniblinds, vertical\nslatted blinds, pleated and honeycomb shades, and roll-down shades can reduce direct sunlight and glare but are less effective at reducing cooling loads since they only block sunlight and do not prevent solar gains from entering the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Motorized and automated shading systems use sensors, time clocks, a building automation system or occupant control to adjust the position of window coverings to reduce glare, daylighting or privacy levels or heat gain (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).\n\nNatural landscaping such as mature trees or hedgerows can provide shading. Plant a shade tree near the window or skylight to shade it during the summer months and let as much light and heat in as possible during the winter months (see <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/pdf/SmithCaseStudyFinal.pdf\">Smith Middle School Chapel Hill, NC.</a>\n\nThis case study documents that proper daylighting design that addresses glare and heat gain reductions can result in energy savings (64% reduction in lighting energy), occupant comfort (teachers and students favor daylighting in the classrooms) and return on investment (4.2 years).\n\n<a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a>.\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\nEffectively managing glare and heat gains offers multiple benefits, including:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced peak heat gain and cooling requirements in the summer and maximized solar heat gain in winter, leading to mechanical equipment downsizing, saving capital costs, and reducing mechanical loads and operating expenses (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment)</em>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n	<li>Improved daylighting design, reducing electrical lighting requirements.</li>\n	<li>Diminished ultraviolet (UV) and other solar radiation which causes fading of fabrics and furnishings.</li>\n	<li>Added environmental benefits such as stormwater management and occupant benefits including views and connection to nature by utilizing energy-efficient landscaping.</li>\n	<li>Increased occupant visual and thermal comfort by managing glare and solar heat gains resulting in increased occupant satisfaction and productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n	<li>Enhanced visual interest in building design through the use of shading devices, building orientation and architectural form.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\nCosts vary depending on the types of strategies implemented. Designing for glare and heat gain reduction should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n\nThe cost of windows varies by project. Energy savings combined with improved visual and thermal comfort and daylighting benefits often justify the investment in high-performance windows. Available rebates and incentives can help offset upfront costs. For up-to-date information on available incentives, visit the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=windows_doors.pr_benefits\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/programs\">NJ Clean Energy Program</a> websites.\n\nThe cost of planting a tree or shrub for shade may range from as little as $10 to hundreds of dollars depending on materials and labor and maturity of selected landscaping vegetation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a>\n\nExternal window coverings range in price from low-budget options for an aluminum awning to more costly investments for a shade structure. There are also additional costs associated with maintenance of outdoor structures, notably year-round or permanently affixed shades.\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage or a heat wave during the summer months, a building designed to optimize daylighting and reduce glare and heat gain can maintain comfortable internal temperatures and lighting levels for building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid by reducing the need for electrical lighting and air conditioning.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Energy Star. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Windows and Glazing. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Ibid.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. “Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in New Jersey.” January 2016. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. “Energy-Efficient Window Attachments.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cost averaged from several suppliers.[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.umn.edu/index.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindowcoverings.org\">Efficient Window Coverings and Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/residential_windows_doors_and_skylights\">Energy Star – Windows, Doors, and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nfrc.org\">National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/resource/daylighting-guide-office-interiors/\">Daylighting Guide for Office Interiors </a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE – Energy Savers</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">Energy Efficient Window Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/design/windows-doors-and-skylights/energy-performance-ratings-windows-doors-and\">Energy Performance Ratings for Windows </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/window-types-and-technologies\">Window Types and Technologies</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psheating.php\">Passive Solar Heating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">Windows and Glazing</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Glare and Heat Gain Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1903-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:15:11','2022-04-18 20:15:11','',1903,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1908',0,'revision','',0),(1910,2,'2022-04-18 20:19:44','2022-04-18 20:19:44','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Roof Replacements and Upgrades\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What are Roof Replacements and Upgrades?</b></strong></h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_187\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"492\"]<img class=\"wp-image-187 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Roof-Replacements-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Cool roof with a highly reflective acrylic top coat that helps reduce carbon emissions and lowers internal building temperatures. (Source: Design Build Network)\" width=\"492\" height=\"356\" /> Figure 1 – Cool roof with a highly reflective acrylic top coat that helps reduce carbon emissions and lowers internal building temperatures. (Source: Design Build Network)[/caption]<p>Roof replacements and upgrades include the replacement, repair or improvement of an entire roof or a portion of the roof. Most roofs last 20-25 years, providing multiple opportunities over the life of the building to reevaluate roofing options as well to as assess a roof’s impact on the building’s energy and environmental performance. Opportunities include evaluating thermal performance, systems integration, rooftop HVAC upgrades, water management (storm runoff capture), indoor environmental quality, and the impact of the roofing material on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, improving roof insulation can reduce heating and cooling needs, allowing for the downsizing of HVAC equipment, and further energy savings (see <em><i>Insulation</i></em> and <em><i>Properly Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>). Selecting roofing materials with a high Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) reduces cooling loads, mitigates the urban heat island effect, and extends the life of the roof and rooftop mechanical equipment (see <em><i>Cool Roofs</i></em>). Incorporating skylights or solar tubes into a roof replacement or upgrade improves daylighting (see <em><i>Daylighting</i></em>). Green or vegetated roofs and rooftop cisterns provide stormwater management benefits (see <em><i>Site and Stormwater Management</i></em>). Replacing or upgrading a roof also provides the opportunity to consider on-site renewable energy systems and thermal energy storage. (See <em><i>On-Site Renewable Energy Systems</i></em> and <em><i>Thermal Energy Storage</i></em>). Non-toxic roofing materials with recycled content (e.g., cool metal roof) are available that are durable, low maintenance, and recyclable at the end of their useful life.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Other advances in roofing technology include integrated data systems, such as drones that take infrared scans and provide alerts of water or moisture build-up on the roof or that provide pictures necessary for job estimates and simplify and improve roof installation and maintenance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<p>There are two main types of roofs: low-sloped and steep-sloped (the majority of commercial buildings have low-sloped roofs). The following lists roofing coverings for low-slope and steep-slope roofs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_223\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1240\"]<img class=\"wp-image-223 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Roof-Replacements-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 - Roof types\" width=\"1240\" height=\"860\" /> Figure 2 - Roof types[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Roof Replacements and Upgrades</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Automatically selecting a replacement or upgrade similar to the existing roof fails to recognize changes that affect roof and building performance such as the addition over time of new mechanical equipment, changing weather patterns, or unanticipated rooftop uses. When implementing a roof replacement or upgrades, consider roofing strategies that offer multiple benefits.</p>\n<p>Many building codes and green building programs have a cool roof and urban heat island mitigation requirements that refer to <u><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products/cool_roofs_emissivity\">ENERGY STAR</a></u> and the <u><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/\">Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC)</a></u> voluntary roof labeling programs (see <em><i>Cool Roofs</i></em>). Converting an existing roof into a cool roof involves either retrofitting the roof with heat-reflective coatings or materials, re-covering the roof with a new waterproofing surface or entirely replacing the roof with a new cool roof.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings.</a></u></p>\n<p>The One-Factor-At-a-Time (OTA) Evaluation of Building Enclosure Measures Study demonstrated a 19.8% reduction in heating energy and a 17.1% reduction in total energy by installing R30 roof insulation cool roofing material with a high Solar Reflectance Index (SRI).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf\">US Post Office and Courthouse, Camden, NJ</a></u></p>\n<p>This retrofit roofing project, sponsored by the General Service Administration (GSA) Green Proving Ground (GPG) program, installed Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) at the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse in Camden, New Jersey. VIPs consist of a solid interior layer of a high R-value material wrapped in an exterior layer of airtight foil with a vacuum drawn inside the airtight foil.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The study used energy modeling and thermographic images and found that VIPs can offer a favorable payback in one-story buildings in regions with extreme climates and high utility costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> They can achieve an R-value of 50 without adding bulk, making them cost-effective on roofs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html\">Solar Panel System added to Distribution Facility in Edison, NJ.</a></u></p>\n<p>With funding from the PSE&amp;G Solar Loan Program, Avidan Management installed a 4.26-megawatt photovoltaic system in Edison, New Jersey, which produces 5 million kilowatt hours of power a year, about half of the power needs of the facility’s seventeen commercial tenants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters\">The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation Green Roof, Morristown, NJ.</a></u></p>\n<p>The Foundation’s 2,000 square foot vegetated roof, planted with native plant species, provides a home for many bird and butterfly species and absorbs 90% of rainfall.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Roof improvement projects offer several potential benefits, including.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Energy cost savings by reducing cooling loads.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Lowered peak electricity demand which decreases the likelihood of power outages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced roof temperatures which may reduce roof maintenance and replacement expenses by extending roof life.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Increased indoor thermal comfort in summer, helping to prevent heat-related illness and deaths.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Mitigated heat island effect in cities and suburbs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced air pollution and smog formation.</li>\n<li>Water reduction savings for urban irrigation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\"><sup>[19]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Minimized heat loss in winter in cold climates when combined with appropriate insulation levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\"><sup>[20]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of a roof replacement or upgrade varies depending on the type of roof improvement and scope of the project. Preventative maintenance and regular roof inspections help to save costs through early detection and avoided or reduced repair costs. Replacing the roof before it fails saves money by preventing extensive damage to the building interior. Prescheduling also allows time for evaluating roofing options, preparing specifications, and selecting a qualified and cost-competitive installer.</p>\n<p>A roof’s life-cycle costs include upfront installation (materials and labor) and ongoing savings and maintenance costs (repair, recoating, and cleaning). The installed costs vary depending on the type and size of the roof, complexity of the roof system, and building location. For example, in cases where new roof surfaces need to be installed, adding a cool roof coating to a new roof cost about the same as adding a conventional dark roof with the cost premium ranging from $0.00 to $1.90/SF over conventional roofing products.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\"><sup>[21]</sup></a> Energy costs savings provide for a relatively short-term (1 year or less) payback.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\"><sup>[22]</sup></a></p>\n<p>For a list of price premiums for cool roof upgrades, see the Global Cool Cities Alliance’s <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/\">Cool Roof and Pavements Toolkit</a></u>. The <u><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/cool_green_roof_man.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction Cool &amp; Green Roofing Manual</a></u> also provides a cost analysis of green and cool roof upgrades. For up-to-date information on available incentives, please visit the <u><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/main/rebates-and-promotions/rebates-and-promotions\">New Jersey Clean Energy Program</a></u>.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Well designed, correctly installed, and routinely maintained roofs contribute to resiliency by providing a durable roofing material and through energy efficiency.  For example, cool roofs enhance roofing durability by reducing thermal flux and increasing the roof’s resiliency to changing climate conditions, heat and UV aging.  Cool roofs also contribute to decreased air-conditioning loads, thereby extending the life of AC units. Regarding energy efficiency, adequately insulated roofs, can reduce heating and cooling loads, reducing stress on the grid, and help to regulate thermal comfort in the event of a power outage. In addition to stormwater management benefits, such as reduced flooding, vegetated roofs can offer the opportunity for local communities to grow food, reducing the dependency on supply chains and transportation networks often disrupted or compromised due to storms and other events.</p>\n<p><em> </em></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Vivian Loftness et al. (2012) State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings. Consortium for Building Energy Innovation. <u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> BCC Research. Commercial Roofing in North America: Key Market Trends <u><a href=\"http://blog.bccresearch.com/commercial-roofing-webinar-recap\">http://blog.bccresearch.com/commercial-roofing-webinar-recap</a></u> (accessed May 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide – Roofing Systems. <u><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems\">https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems</a></u> (accessed May 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Slope = rise/run. Low slope means that for every 12 horizontal inches, the roof’s rise is three vertical inches or less.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Slope = rise/run. Steep slope means that for every 12 horizontal inches, the roof’s rise is three vertical inches or greater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> US DOE. Cool Roofs. <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/cool-roofs\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/cool-roofs</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Vivian Loftness et al. (2012) State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings. Consortium for Building Energy Innovation. Page 21. <u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Dan Howell et al. “Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) in a roofing application of US Post Office and Courthouse Camden, NJ.” March 2014. ORNL <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf</a></u> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> GSA. Green Proving Ground Program. “Vacuum Insulated Panels in Roofing Applications.” March 2016.  <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-technologies/published-findings/building-envelope/vacuum-insulated-panels\">https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-technologies/published-findings/building-envelope/vacuum-insulated-panels</a></u> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> The Avidan Group -Solar. <u><a href=\"https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html\">https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> WRT Planning and Design. A Sustainable Workplace: Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation Headquarters <u><a href=\"http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters\">http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> US EPA. Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Heat Islands. <u>https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/using-cool-roofs-reduce-heat-islands</u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> CRRC. “Resources for Code Officials and Policy Makers” <u><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/documents/Policy.pdf\">http://coolroofs.org/documents/Policy.pdf</a></u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Bryan Urban and Kurt Roth, Ph.D. 2010. “Guidelines for Selection Cool Roofs.” V. 1.2. Prepared by the Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems for the U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Program and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> US EPA. Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Heat Islands. <u>https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/using-cool-roofs-reduce-heat-islands</u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> The “heat island effect” refers to developed areas that experience an increase in temperature that has the effect of increasing energy demands, air conditioning costs, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and pollution while increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\"><sup>[19]</sup></a> Vahmani, Pouya. (2017) “Water Conservation Benefits of Urban Heat Mitigation.” Nature Communication 8, Article: 1072,  <u><a href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\">http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/</a></u> (accessed March 16. 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\"><sup>[20]</sup></a> Ramamurthy, P. et al. “The joint influence of albedo and insulation on roof performance: An observational study,” 2015, Energy and Buildings, Volume 93, pages 249-258. <u><a href=\"https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1254734-joint-influence-albedo-insulation-roof-performance-observational-study\">https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1254734-joint-influence-albedo-insulation-roof-performance-observational-study</a></u> (accessed March 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\"><sup>[21]</sup></a> Global Cool Cities Alliance. 2012. “A Practical Guide to Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements: Primer.” Page 35. <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf\">https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\"><sup>[22]</sup></a> Global Cool Cities Alliance. 2012. “A Practical Guide to Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements: Primer.” Page 35. <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf\">https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 22, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-exterior-walls/\">Exterior Wall Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-Site Renewable Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-site-and-stormwater-management/\">Site and Stormwater Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://heatisland.lbl.gov/coolscience/cool-roofs\">Berkeley Lab -Heat Island Group</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/cool_green_roof_man.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction Cool &amp; Green Roofing Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org\">Cool Roof Rating Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200921035833/http://coolmetalroofing.org/\">Cool Metal Roofing Coalition</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products\">ENERGY STAR Roof Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://globalcoolcities.org/\">Global Cool Cities Alliance </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org\">Cool Roof and Cool Pavements Toolkit</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nrca.net\">National Roofing Contractors Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu\">Penn State Consortium for Building Energy Innovation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety: FORTIFIED Standards</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp%20content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">Commercial Hurricane Standard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_High_Wind_Hail_Standards.pdf\">Commercial Highwind and Hail Standard</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/coolmetalroofing.php\">Cool Metal Roofing</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems\">Roofing Systems</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/tools/cool-roof/\">Cool Roof Calculator: Estimates Cooling and Heating Savings for Flat Roofs with Non-Black Surfaces</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf\">Guidelines for Selecting Cool Roofs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Roof Replacements and Upgrades','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades','','','2022-06-23 19:21:34','2022-06-23 19:21:34','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1910',0,'post','',0),(1911,2,'2022-04-18 20:16:10','2022-04-18 20:16:10','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1910-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:16:10','2022-04-18 20:16:10','',1910,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1911',0,'revision','',0),(1913,2,'2022-04-18 20:19:44','2022-04-18 20:19:44','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Roof Replacements and Upgrades\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What are Roof Replacements and Upgrades?</b></strong></h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_187\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"492\"]<img class=\"wp-image-187 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Roof-Replacements-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Cool roof with a highly reflective acrylic top coat that helps reduce carbon emissions and lowers internal building temperatures. (Source: Design Build Network)\" width=\"492\" height=\"356\" /> Figure 1 – Cool roof with a highly reflective acrylic top coat that helps reduce carbon emissions and lowers internal building temperatures. (Source: Design Build Network)[/caption]<p>Roof replacements and upgrades include the replacement, repair or improvement of an entire roof or a portion of the roof. Most roofs last 20-25 years, providing multiple opportunities over the life of the building to reevaluate roofing options as well to as assess a roof’s impact on the building’s energy and environmental performance. Opportunities include evaluating thermal performance, systems integration, rooftop HVAC upgrades, water management (storm runoff capture), indoor environmental quality, and the impact of the roofing material on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, improving roof insulation can reduce heating and cooling needs, allowing for the downsizing of HVAC equipment, and further energy savings (see <em><i>Insulation</i></em> and <em><i>Properly Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>). Selecting roofing materials with a high Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) reduces cooling loads, mitigates the urban heat island effect, and extends the life of the roof and rooftop mechanical equipment (see <em><i>Cool Roofs</i></em>). Incorporating skylights or solar tubes into a roof replacement or upgrade improves daylighting (see <em><i>Daylighting</i></em>). Green or vegetated roofs and rooftop cisterns provide stormwater management benefits (see <em><i>Site and Stormwater Management</i></em>). Replacing or upgrading a roof also provides the opportunity to consider on-site renewable energy systems and thermal energy storage. (See <em><i>On-Site Renewable Energy Systems</i></em> and <em><i>Thermal Energy Storage</i></em>). Non-toxic roofing materials with recycled content (e.g., cool metal roof) are available that are durable, low maintenance, and recyclable at the end of their useful life.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Other advances in roofing technology include integrated data systems, such as drones that take infrared scans and provide alerts of water or moisture build-up on the roof or that provide pictures necessary for job estimates and simplify and improve roof installation and maintenance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<p>There are two main types of roofs: low-sloped and steep-sloped (the majority of commercial buildings have low-sloped roofs). The following lists roofing coverings for low-slope and steep-slope roofs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_223\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1240\"]<img class=\"wp-image-223 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Roof-Replacements-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 - Roof types\" width=\"1240\" height=\"860\" /> Figure 2 - Roof types[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Roof Replacements and Upgrades</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Automatically selecting a replacement or upgrade similar to the existing roof fails to recognize changes that affect roof and building performance such as the addition over time of new mechanical equipment, changing weather patterns, or unanticipated rooftop uses. When implementing a roof replacement or upgrades, consider roofing strategies that offer multiple benefits.</p>\n<p>Many building codes and green building programs have a cool roof and urban heat island mitigation requirements that refer to <u><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products/cool_roofs_emissivity\">ENERGY STAR</a></u> and the <u><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/\">Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC)</a></u> voluntary roof labeling programs (see <em><i>Cool Roofs</i></em>). Converting an existing roof into a cool roof involves either retrofitting the roof with heat-reflective coatings or materials, re-covering the roof with a new waterproofing surface or entirely replacing the roof with a new cool roof.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings.</a></u></p>\n<p>The One-Factor-At-a-Time (OTA) Evaluation of Building Enclosure Measures Study demonstrated a 19.8% reduction in heating energy and a 17.1% reduction in total energy by installing R30 roof insulation cool roofing material with a high Solar Reflectance Index (SRI).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf\">US Post Office and Courthouse, Camden, NJ</a></u></p>\n<p>This retrofit roofing project, sponsored by the General Service Administration (GSA) Green Proving Ground (GPG) program, installed Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) at the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse in Camden, New Jersey. VIPs consist of a solid interior layer of a high R-value material wrapped in an exterior layer of airtight foil with a vacuum drawn inside the airtight foil.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The study used energy modeling and thermographic images and found that VIPs can offer a favorable payback in one-story buildings in regions with extreme climates and high utility costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> They can achieve an R-value of 50 without adding bulk, making them cost-effective on roofs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html\">Solar Panel System added to Distribution Facility in Edison, NJ.</a></u></p>\n<p>With funding from the PSE&amp;G Solar Loan Program, Avidan Management installed a 4.26-megawatt photovoltaic system in Edison, New Jersey, which produces 5 million kilowatt hours of power a year, about half of the power needs of the facility’s seventeen commercial tenants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters\">The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation Green Roof, Morristown, NJ.</a></u></p>\n<p>The Foundation’s 2,000 square foot vegetated roof, planted with native plant species, provides a home for many bird and butterfly species and absorbs 90% of rainfall.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Roof improvement projects offer several potential benefits, including.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Energy cost savings by reducing cooling loads.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Lowered peak electricity demand which decreases the likelihood of power outages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced roof temperatures which may reduce roof maintenance and replacement expenses by extending roof life.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Increased indoor thermal comfort in summer, helping to prevent heat-related illness and deaths.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Mitigated heat island effect in cities and suburbs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced air pollution and smog formation.</li>\n<li>Water reduction savings for urban irrigation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\"><sup>[19]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Minimized heat loss in winter in cold climates when combined with appropriate insulation levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\"><sup>[20]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of a roof replacement or upgrade varies depending on the type of roof improvement and scope of the project. Preventative maintenance and regular roof inspections help to save costs through early detection and avoided or reduced repair costs. Replacing the roof before it fails saves money by preventing extensive damage to the building interior. Prescheduling also allows time for evaluating roofing options, preparing specifications, and selecting a qualified and cost-competitive installer.</p>\n<p>A roof’s life-cycle costs include upfront installation (materials and labor) and ongoing savings and maintenance costs (repair, recoating, and cleaning). The installed costs vary depending on the type and size of the roof, complexity of the roof system, and building location. For example, in cases where new roof surfaces need to be installed, adding a cool roof coating to a new roof cost about the same as adding a conventional dark roof with the cost premium ranging from $0.00 to $1.90/SF over conventional roofing products.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\"><sup>[21]</sup></a> Energy costs savings provide for a relatively short-term (1 year or less) payback.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\"><sup>[22]</sup></a></p>\n<p>For a list of price premiums for cool roof upgrades, see the Global Cool Cities Alliance’s <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/\">Cool Roof and Pavements Toolkit</a></u>. The <u><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/cool_green_roof_man.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction Cool &amp; Green Roofing Manual</a></u> also provides a cost analysis of green and cool roof upgrades. For up-to-date information on available incentives, please visit the <u><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/main/rebates-and-promotions/rebates-and-promotions\">New Jersey Clean Energy Program</a></u>.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Well designed, correctly installed, and routinely maintained roofs contribute to resiliency by providing a durable roofing material and through energy efficiency.  For example, cool roofs enhance roofing durability by reducing thermal flux and increasing the roof’s resiliency to changing climate conditions, heat and UV aging.  Cool roofs also contribute to decreased air-conditioning loads, thereby extending the life of AC units. Regarding energy efficiency, adequately insulated roofs, can reduce heating and cooling loads, reducing stress on the grid, and help to regulate thermal comfort in the event of a power outage. In addition to stormwater management benefits, such as reduced flooding, vegetated roofs can offer the opportunity for local communities to grow food, reducing the dependency on supply chains and transportation networks often disrupted or compromised due to storms and other events.</p>\n<p><em> </em></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Vivian Loftness et al. (2012) State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings. Consortium for Building Energy Innovation. <u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> BCC Research. Commercial Roofing in North America: Key Market Trends <u><a href=\"http://blog.bccresearch.com/commercial-roofing-webinar-recap\">http://blog.bccresearch.com/commercial-roofing-webinar-recap</a></u> (accessed May 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide – Roofing Systems. <u><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems\">https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems</a></u> (accessed May 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Slope = rise/run. Low slope means that for every 12 horizontal inches, the roof’s rise is three vertical inches or less.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Slope = rise/run. Steep slope means that for every 12 horizontal inches, the roof’s rise is three vertical inches or greater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> US DOE. Cool Roofs. <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/cool-roofs\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/cool-roofs</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Vivian Loftness et al. (2012) State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings. Consortium for Building Energy Innovation. Page 21. <u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Dan Howell et al. “Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) in a roofing application of US Post Office and Courthouse Camden, NJ.” March 2014. ORNL <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf</a></u> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> GSA. Green Proving Ground Program. “Vacuum Insulated Panels in Roofing Applications.” March 2016.  <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-technologies/published-findings/building-envelope/vacuum-insulated-panels\">https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-technologies/published-findings/building-envelope/vacuum-insulated-panels</a></u> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> The Avidan Group -Solar. <u><a href=\"https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html\">https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> WRT Planning and Design. A Sustainable Workplace: Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation Headquarters <u><a href=\"http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters\">http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> US EPA. Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Heat Islands. <u>https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/using-cool-roofs-reduce-heat-islands</u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> CRRC. “Resources for Code Officials and Policy Makers” <u><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/documents/Policy.pdf\">http://coolroofs.org/documents/Policy.pdf</a></u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Bryan Urban and Kurt Roth, Ph.D. 2010. “Guidelines for Selection Cool Roofs.” V. 1.2. Prepared by the Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems for the U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Program and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> US EPA. Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Heat Islands. <u>https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/using-cool-roofs-reduce-heat-islands</u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> The “heat island effect” refers to developed areas that experience an increase in temperature that has the effect of increasing energy demands, air conditioning costs, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and pollution while increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\"><sup>[19]</sup></a> Vahmani, Pouya. (2017) “Water Conservation Benefits of Urban Heat Mitigation.” Nature Communication 8, Article: 1072,  <u><a href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\">http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/</a></u> (accessed March 16. 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\"><sup>[20]</sup></a> Ramamurthy, P. et al. “The joint influence of albedo and insulation on roof performance: An observational study,” 2015, Energy and Buildings, Volume 93, pages 249-258. <u><a href=\"https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1254734-joint-influence-albedo-insulation-roof-performance-observational-study\">https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1254734-joint-influence-albedo-insulation-roof-performance-observational-study</a></u> (accessed March 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\"><sup>[21]</sup></a> Global Cool Cities Alliance. 2012. “A Practical Guide to Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements: Primer.” Page 35. <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf\">https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\"><sup>[22]</sup></a> Global Cool Cities Alliance. 2012. “A Practical Guide to Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements: Primer.” Page 35. <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf\">https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 22, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-exterior-walls/\">Exterior Wall Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-Site Renewable Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-site-and-stormwater-management/\">Site and Stormwater Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://heatisland.lbl.gov/coolscience/cool-roofs\">Berkeley Lab -Heat Island Group</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/cool_green_roof_man.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction Cool &amp; Green Roofing Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org\">Cool Roof Rating Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.coolmetalroofing.org/\">Cool Metal Roofing Coalition</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products\">ENERGY STAR Roof Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://globalcoolcities.org/\">Global Cool Cities Alliance </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org\">Cool Roof and Cool Pavements Toolkit</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nrca.net\">National Roofing Contractors Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu\">Penn State Consortium for Building Energy Innovation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety: FORTIFIED Standards</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp%20content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">Commercial Hurricane Standard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_High_Wind_Hail_Standards.pdf\">Commercial Highwind and Hail Standard</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/coolmetalroofing.php\">Cool Metal Roofing</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems\">Roofing Systems</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/tools/cool-roof/\">Cool Roof Calculator: Estimates Cooling and Heating Savings for Flat Roofs with Non-Black Surfaces</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf\">Guidelines for Selecting Cool Roofs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Roof Replacements and Upgrades','','inherit','closed','closed','','1910-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:19:44','2022-04-18 20:19:44','',1910,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1913',0,'revision','',0),(1914,2,'2022-04-18 20:19:45','2022-04-18 20:19:45','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Roof Replacements and Upgrades\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What are Roof Replacements and Upgrades?</b></strong></h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_187\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"492\"]<img class=\"wp-image-187 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Roof-Replacements-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Cool roof with a highly reflective acrylic top coat that helps reduce carbon emissions and lowers internal building temperatures. (Source: Design Build Network)\" width=\"492\" height=\"356\" /> Figure 1 – Cool roof with a highly reflective acrylic top coat that helps reduce carbon emissions and lowers internal building temperatures. (Source: Design Build Network)[/caption]<p>Roof replacements and upgrades include the replacement, repair or improvement of an entire roof or a portion of the roof. Most roofs last 20-25 years, providing multiple opportunities over the life of the building to reevaluate roofing options as well to as assess a roof’s impact on the building’s energy and environmental performance. Opportunities include evaluating thermal performance, systems integration, rooftop HVAC upgrades, water management (storm runoff capture), indoor environmental quality, and the impact of the roofing material on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, improving roof insulation can reduce heating and cooling needs, allowing for the downsizing of HVAC equipment, and further energy savings (see <em><i>Insulation</i></em> and <em><i>Properly Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>). Selecting roofing materials with a high Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) reduces cooling loads, mitigates the urban heat island effect, and extends the life of the roof and rooftop mechanical equipment (see <em><i>Cool Roofs</i></em>). Incorporating skylights or solar tubes into a roof replacement or upgrade improves daylighting (see <em><i>Daylighting</i></em>). Green or vegetated roofs and rooftop cisterns provide stormwater management benefits (see <em><i>Site and Stormwater Management</i></em>). Replacing or upgrading a roof also provides the opportunity to consider on-site renewable energy systems and thermal energy storage. (See <em><i>On-Site Renewable Energy Systems</i></em> and <em><i>Thermal Energy Storage</i></em>). Non-toxic roofing materials with recycled content (e.g., cool metal roof) are available that are durable, low maintenance, and recyclable at the end of their useful life.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Other advances in roofing technology include integrated data systems, such as drones that take infrared scans and provide alerts of water or moisture build-up on the roof or that provide pictures necessary for job estimates and simplify and improve roof installation and maintenance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<p>There are two main types of roofs: low-sloped and steep-sloped (the majority of commercial buildings have low-sloped roofs). The following lists roofing coverings for low-slope and steep-slope roofs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_223\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1240\"]<img class=\"wp-image-223 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Roof-Replacements-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 - Roof types\" width=\"1240\" height=\"860\" /> Figure 2 - Roof types[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Roof Replacements and Upgrades</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Automatically selecting a replacement or upgrade similar to the existing roof fails to recognize changes that affect roof and building performance such as the addition over time of new mechanical equipment, changing weather patterns, or unanticipated rooftop uses. When implementing a roof replacement or upgrades, consider roofing strategies that offer multiple benefits.</p>\n<p>Many building codes and green building programs have a cool roof and urban heat island mitigation requirements that refer to <u><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products/cool_roofs_emissivity\">ENERGY STAR</a></u> and the <u><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/\">Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC)</a></u> voluntary roof labeling programs (see <em><i>Cool Roofs</i></em>). Converting an existing roof into a cool roof involves either retrofitting the roof with heat-reflective coatings or materials, re-covering the roof with a new waterproofing surface or entirely replacing the roof with a new cool roof.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings.</a></u></p>\n<p>The One-Factor-At-a-Time (OTA) Evaluation of Building Enclosure Measures Study demonstrated a 19.8% reduction in heating energy and a 17.1% reduction in total energy by installing R30 roof insulation cool roofing material with a high Solar Reflectance Index (SRI).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf\">US Post Office and Courthouse, Camden, NJ</a></u></p>\n<p>This retrofit roofing project, sponsored by the General Service Administration (GSA) Green Proving Ground (GPG) program, installed Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) at the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse in Camden, New Jersey. VIPs consist of a solid interior layer of a high R-value material wrapped in an exterior layer of airtight foil with a vacuum drawn inside the airtight foil.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The study used energy modeling and thermographic images and found that VIPs can offer a favorable payback in one-story buildings in regions with extreme climates and high utility costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> They can achieve an R-value of 50 without adding bulk, making them cost-effective on roofs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html\">Solar Panel System added to Distribution Facility in Edison, NJ.</a></u></p>\n<p>With funding from the PSE&amp;G Solar Loan Program, Avidan Management installed a 4.26-megawatt photovoltaic system in Edison, New Jersey, which produces 5 million kilowatt hours of power a year, about half of the power needs of the facility’s seventeen commercial tenants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters\">The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation Green Roof, Morristown, NJ.</a></u></p>\n<p>The Foundation’s 2,000 square foot vegetated roof, planted with native plant species, provides a home for many bird and butterfly species and absorbs 90% of rainfall.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Roof improvement projects offer several potential benefits, including.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Energy cost savings by reducing cooling loads.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Lowered peak electricity demand which decreases the likelihood of power outages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced roof temperatures which may reduce roof maintenance and replacement expenses by extending roof life.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Increased indoor thermal comfort in summer, helping to prevent heat-related illness and deaths.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Mitigated heat island effect in cities and suburbs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced air pollution and smog formation.</li>\n<li>Water reduction savings for urban irrigation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\"><sup>[19]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Minimized heat loss in winter in cold climates when combined with appropriate insulation levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\"><sup>[20]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of a roof replacement or upgrade varies depending on the type of roof improvement and scope of the project. Preventative maintenance and regular roof inspections help to save costs through early detection and avoided or reduced repair costs. Replacing the roof before it fails saves money by preventing extensive damage to the building interior. Prescheduling also allows time for evaluating roofing options, preparing specifications, and selecting a qualified and cost-competitive installer.</p>\n<p>A roof’s life-cycle costs include upfront installation (materials and labor) and ongoing savings and maintenance costs (repair, recoating, and cleaning). The installed costs vary depending on the type and size of the roof, complexity of the roof system, and building location. For example, in cases where new roof surfaces need to be installed, adding a cool roof coating to a new roof cost about the same as adding a conventional dark roof with the cost premium ranging from $0.00 to $1.90/SF over conventional roofing products.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\"><sup>[21]</sup></a> Energy costs savings provide for a relatively short-term (1 year or less) payback.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\"><sup>[22]</sup></a></p>\n<p>For a list of price premiums for cool roof upgrades, see the Global Cool Cities Alliance’s <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/\">Cool Roof and Pavements Toolkit</a></u>. The <u><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/cool_green_roof_man.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction Cool &amp; Green Roofing Manual</a></u> also provides a cost analysis of green and cool roof upgrades. For up-to-date information on available incentives, please visit the <u><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/main/rebates-and-promotions/rebates-and-promotions\">New Jersey Clean Energy Program</a></u>.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Well designed, correctly installed, and routinely maintained roofs contribute to resiliency by providing a durable roofing material and through energy efficiency.  For example, cool roofs enhance roofing durability by reducing thermal flux and increasing the roof’s resiliency to changing climate conditions, heat and UV aging.  Cool roofs also contribute to decreased air-conditioning loads, thereby extending the life of AC units. Regarding energy efficiency, adequately insulated roofs, can reduce heating and cooling loads, reducing stress on the grid, and help to regulate thermal comfort in the event of a power outage. In addition to stormwater management benefits, such as reduced flooding, vegetated roofs can offer the opportunity for local communities to grow food, reducing the dependency on supply chains and transportation networks often disrupted or compromised due to storms and other events.</p>\n<p><em> </em></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Vivian Loftness et al. (2012) State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings. Consortium for Building Energy Innovation. <u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> BCC Research. Commercial Roofing in North America: Key Market Trends <u><a href=\"http://blog.bccresearch.com/commercial-roofing-webinar-recap\">http://blog.bccresearch.com/commercial-roofing-webinar-recap</a></u> (accessed May 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide – Roofing Systems. <u><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems\">https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems</a></u> (accessed May 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Slope = rise/run. Low slope means that for every 12 horizontal inches, the roof’s rise is three vertical inches or less.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Slope = rise/run. Steep slope means that for every 12 horizontal inches, the roof’s rise is three vertical inches or greater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> US DOE. Cool Roofs. <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/cool-roofs\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/cool-roofs</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Vivian Loftness et al. (2012) State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings. Consortium for Building Energy Innovation. Page 21. <u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Dan Howell et al. “Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) in a roofing application of US Post Office and Courthouse Camden, NJ.” March 2014. ORNL <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf</a></u> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> GSA. Green Proving Ground Program. “Vacuum Insulated Panels in Roofing Applications.” March 2016.  <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-technologies/published-findings/building-envelope/vacuum-insulated-panels\">https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-technologies/published-findings/building-envelope/vacuum-insulated-panels</a></u> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> The Avidan Group -Solar. <u><a href=\"https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html\">https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> WRT Planning and Design. A Sustainable Workplace: Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation Headquarters <u><a href=\"http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters\">http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> US EPA. Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Heat Islands. <u>https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/using-cool-roofs-reduce-heat-islands</u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> CRRC. “Resources for Code Officials and Policy Makers” <u><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/documents/Policy.pdf\">http://coolroofs.org/documents/Policy.pdf</a></u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Bryan Urban and Kurt Roth, Ph.D. 2010. “Guidelines for Selection Cool Roofs.” V. 1.2. Prepared by the Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems for the U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Program and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> US EPA. Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Heat Islands. <u>https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/using-cool-roofs-reduce-heat-islands</u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> The “heat island effect” refers to developed areas that experience an increase in temperature that has the effect of increasing energy demands, air conditioning costs, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and pollution while increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\"><sup>[19]</sup></a> Vahmani, Pouya. (2017) “Water Conservation Benefits of Urban Heat Mitigation.” Nature Communication 8, Article: 1072,  <u><a href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\">http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/</a></u> (accessed March 16. 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\"><sup>[20]</sup></a> Ramamurthy, P. et al. “The joint influence of albedo and insulation on roof performance: An observational study,” 2015, Energy and Buildings, Volume 93, pages 249-258. <u><a href=\"https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1254734-joint-influence-albedo-insulation-roof-performance-observational-study\">https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1254734-joint-influence-albedo-insulation-roof-performance-observational-study</a></u> (accessed March 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\"><sup>[21]</sup></a> Global Cool Cities Alliance. 2012. “A Practical Guide to Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements: Primer.” Page 35. <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf\">https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\"><sup>[22]</sup></a> Global Cool Cities Alliance. 2012. “A Practical Guide to Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements: Primer.” Page 35. <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf\">https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 22, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-exterior-walls/\">Exterior Wall Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-Site Renewable Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-site-and-stormwater-management/\">Site and Stormwater Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://heatisland.lbl.gov/coolscience/cool-roofs\">Berkeley Lab -Heat Island Group</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/cool_green_roof_man.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction Cool &amp; Green Roofing Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org\">Cool Roof Rating Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.coolmetalroofing.org/\">Cool Metal Roofing Coalition</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products\">ENERGY STAR Roof Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://globalcoolcities.org/\">Global Cool Cities Alliance </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org\">Cool Roof and Cool Pavements Toolkit</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nrca.net\">National Roofing Contractors Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu\">Penn State Consortium for Building Energy Innovation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety: FORTIFIED Standards</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp%20content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">Commercial Hurricane Standard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_High_Wind_Hail_Standards.pdf\">Commercial Highwind and Hail Standard</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/coolmetalroofing.php\">Cool Metal Roofing</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems\">Roofing Systems</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/tools/cool-roof/\">Cool Roof Calculator: Estimates Cooling and Heating Savings for Flat Roofs with Non-Black Surfaces</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf\">Guidelines for Selecting Cool Roofs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1910-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:19:45','2022-04-18 20:19:45','',1910,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1914',0,'revision','',0),(1915,2,'2022-04-18 20:19:48','2022-04-18 20:19:48','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Roof Replacements and Upgrades\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What are Roof Replacements and Upgrades?</b></strong></h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_187\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"492\"]<img class=\"wp-image-187 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Roof-Replacements-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Cool roof with a highly reflective acrylic top coat that helps reduce carbon emissions and lowers internal building temperatures. (Source: Design Build Network)\" width=\"492\" height=\"356\" /> Figure 1 – Cool roof with a highly reflective acrylic top coat that helps reduce carbon emissions and lowers internal building temperatures. (Source: Design Build Network)[/caption]<p>Roof replacements and upgrades include the replacement, repair or improvement of an entire roof or a portion of the roof. Most roofs last 20-25 years, providing multiple opportunities over the life of the building to reevaluate roofing options as well to as assess a roof’s impact on the building’s energy and environmental performance. Opportunities include evaluating thermal performance, systems integration, rooftop HVAC upgrades, water management (storm runoff capture), indoor environmental quality, and the impact of the roofing material on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> For example, improving roof insulation can reduce heating and cooling needs, allowing for the downsizing of HVAC equipment, and further energy savings (see <em><i>Insulation</i></em> and <em><i>Properly Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>). Selecting roofing materials with a high Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) reduces cooling loads, mitigates the urban heat island effect, and extends the life of the roof and rooftop mechanical equipment (see <em><i>Cool Roofs</i></em>). Incorporating skylights or solar tubes into a roof replacement or upgrade improves daylighting (see <em><i>Daylighting</i></em>). Green or vegetated roofs and rooftop cisterns provide stormwater management benefits (see <em><i>Site and Stormwater Management</i></em>). Replacing or upgrading a roof also provides the opportunity to consider on-site renewable energy systems and thermal energy storage. (See <em><i>On-Site Renewable Energy Systems</i></em> and <em><i>Thermal Energy Storage</i></em>). Non-toxic roofing materials with recycled content (e.g., cool metal roof) are available that are durable, low maintenance, and recyclable at the end of their useful life.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Other advances in roofing technology include integrated data systems, such as drones that take infrared scans and provide alerts of water or moisture build-up on the roof or that provide pictures necessary for job estimates and simplify and improve roof installation and maintenance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>\n<p>There are two main types of roofs: low-sloped and steep-sloped (the majority of commercial buildings have low-sloped roofs). The following lists roofing coverings for low-slope and steep-slope roofs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_223\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1240\"]<img class=\"wp-image-223 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Roof-Replacements-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 - Roof types\" width=\"1240\" height=\"860\" /> Figure 2 - Roof types[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Roof Replacements and Upgrades</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Automatically selecting a replacement or upgrade similar to the existing roof fails to recognize changes that affect roof and building performance such as the addition over time of new mechanical equipment, changing weather patterns, or unanticipated rooftop uses. When implementing a roof replacement or upgrades, consider roofing strategies that offer multiple benefits.</p>\n<p>Many building codes and green building programs have a cool roof and urban heat island mitigation requirements that refer to <u><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products/cool_roofs_emissivity\">ENERGY STAR</a></u> and the <u><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/\">Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC)</a></u> voluntary roof labeling programs (see <em><i>Cool Roofs</i></em>). Converting an existing roof into a cool roof involves either retrofitting the roof with heat-reflective coatings or materials, re-covering the roof with a new waterproofing surface or entirely replacing the roof with a new cool roof.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings.</a></u></p>\n<p>The One-Factor-At-a-Time (OTA) Evaluation of Building Enclosure Measures Study demonstrated a 19.8% reduction in heating energy and a 17.1% reduction in total energy by installing R30 roof insulation cool roofing material with a high Solar Reflectance Index (SRI).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf\">US Post Office and Courthouse, Camden, NJ</a></u></p>\n<p>This retrofit roofing project, sponsored by the General Service Administration (GSA) Green Proving Ground (GPG) program, installed Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) at the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse in Camden, New Jersey. VIPs consist of a solid interior layer of a high R-value material wrapped in an exterior layer of airtight foil with a vacuum drawn inside the airtight foil.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> The study used energy modeling and thermographic images and found that VIPs can offer a favorable payback in one-story buildings in regions with extreme climates and high utility costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> They can achieve an R-value of 50 without adding bulk, making them cost-effective on roofs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html\">Solar Panel System added to Distribution Facility in Edison, NJ.</a></u></p>\n<p>With funding from the PSE&amp;G Solar Loan Program, Avidan Management installed a 4.26-megawatt photovoltaic system in Edison, New Jersey, which produces 5 million kilowatt hours of power a year, about half of the power needs of the facility’s seventeen commercial tenants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u><a href=\"http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters\">The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation Green Roof, Morristown, NJ.</a></u></p>\n<p>The Foundation’s 2,000 square foot vegetated roof, planted with native plant species, provides a home for many bird and butterfly species and absorbs 90% of rainfall.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Roof improvement projects offer several potential benefits, including.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Energy cost savings by reducing cooling loads.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Lowered peak electricity demand which decreases the likelihood of power outages.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced roof temperatures which may reduce roof maintenance and replacement expenses by extending roof life.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Increased indoor thermal comfort in summer, helping to prevent heat-related illness and deaths.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Mitigated heat island effect in cities and suburbs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced air pollution and smog formation.</li>\n<li>Water reduction savings for urban irrigation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\"><sup>[19]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Minimized heat loss in winter in cold climates when combined with appropriate insulation levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\"><sup>[20]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of a roof replacement or upgrade varies depending on the type of roof improvement and scope of the project. Preventative maintenance and regular roof inspections help to save costs through early detection and avoided or reduced repair costs. Replacing the roof before it fails saves money by preventing extensive damage to the building interior. Prescheduling also allows time for evaluating roofing options, preparing specifications, and selecting a qualified and cost-competitive installer.</p>\n<p>A roof’s life-cycle costs include upfront installation (materials and labor) and ongoing savings and maintenance costs (repair, recoating, and cleaning). The installed costs vary depending on the type and size of the roof, complexity of the roof system, and building location. For example, in cases where new roof surfaces need to be installed, adding a cool roof coating to a new roof cost about the same as adding a conventional dark roof with the cost premium ranging from $0.00 to $1.90/SF over conventional roofing products.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\"><sup>[21]</sup></a> Energy costs savings provide for a relatively short-term (1 year or less) payback.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\"><sup>[22]</sup></a></p>\n<p>For a list of price premiums for cool roof upgrades, see the Global Cool Cities Alliance’s <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/\">Cool Roof and Pavements Toolkit</a></u>. The <u><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/cool_green_roof_man.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction Cool &amp; Green Roofing Manual</a></u> also provides a cost analysis of green and cool roof upgrades. For up-to-date information on available incentives, please visit the <u><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/main/rebates-and-promotions/rebates-and-promotions\">New Jersey Clean Energy Program</a></u>.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Well designed, correctly installed, and routinely maintained roofs contribute to resiliency by providing a durable roofing material and through energy efficiency.  For example, cool roofs enhance roofing durability by reducing thermal flux and increasing the roof’s resiliency to changing climate conditions, heat and UV aging.  Cool roofs also contribute to decreased air-conditioning loads, thereby extending the life of AC units. Regarding energy efficiency, adequately insulated roofs, can reduce heating and cooling loads, reducing stress on the grid, and help to regulate thermal comfort in the event of a power outage. In addition to stormwater management benefits, such as reduced flooding, vegetated roofs can offer the opportunity for local communities to grow food, reducing the dependency on supply chains and transportation networks often disrupted or compromised due to storms and other events.</p>\n<p><em> </em></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Vivian Loftness et al. (2012) State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings. Consortium for Building Energy Innovation. <u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> BCC Research. Commercial Roofing in North America: Key Market Trends <u><a href=\"http://blog.bccresearch.com/commercial-roofing-webinar-recap\">http://blog.bccresearch.com/commercial-roofing-webinar-recap</a></u> (accessed May 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide – Roofing Systems. <u><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems\">https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems</a></u> (accessed May 31, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Slope = rise/run. Low slope means that for every 12 horizontal inches, the roof’s rise is three vertical inches or less.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Slope = rise/run. Steep slope means that for every 12 horizontal inches, the roof’s rise is three vertical inches or greater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> US DOE. Cool Roofs. <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/cool-roofs\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-home-design/cool-roofs</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Vivian Loftness et al. (2012) State of the Art in Enclosure Technologies and Integrated Systems for 50% Energy Savings in Existing Commercial Buildings. Consortium for Building Energy Innovation. Page 21. <u><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf\">http://cbei.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/State-of-the-Art-in-Enclosure-Technologies.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Dan Howell et al. “Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) in a roofing application of US Post Office and Courthouse Camden, NJ.” March 2014. ORNL <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/GPG_Vacuum_Insulated_Panels_03-2014.pdf</a></u> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> GSA. Green Proving Ground Program. “Vacuum Insulated Panels in Roofing Applications.” March 2016.  <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-technologies/published-findings/building-envelope/vacuum-insulated-panels\">https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-technologies/published-findings/building-envelope/vacuum-insulated-panels</a></u> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> The Avidan Group -Solar. <u><a href=\"https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html\">https://www.theavidangroup.com/solar2.html</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> WRT Planning and Design. A Sustainable Workplace: Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation Headquarters <u><a href=\"http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters\">http://www.wrtdesign.com/work/geraldine-r-dodge-foundation-headquarters</a></u> (accessed June 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> US EPA. Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Heat Islands. <u>https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/using-cool-roofs-reduce-heat-islands</u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> CRRC. “Resources for Code Officials and Policy Makers” <u><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org/documents/Policy.pdf\">http://coolroofs.org/documents/Policy.pdf</a></u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> Bryan Urban and Kurt Roth, Ph.D. 2010. “Guidelines for Selection Cool Roofs.” V. 1.2. Prepared by the Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems for the U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Program and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\"><sup>[17]</sup></a> US EPA. Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Heat Islands. <u>https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/using-cool-roofs-reduce-heat-islands</u> (accessed March 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\"><sup>[18]</sup></a> The “heat island effect” refers to developed areas that experience an increase in temperature that has the effect of increasing energy demands, air conditioning costs, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and pollution while increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\"><sup>[19]</sup></a> Vahmani, Pouya. (2017) “Water Conservation Benefits of Urban Heat Mitigation.” Nature Communication 8, Article: 1072,  <u><a href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\">http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/</a></u> (accessed March 16. 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\"><sup>[20]</sup></a> Ramamurthy, P. et al. “The joint influence of albedo and insulation on roof performance: An observational study,” 2015, Energy and Buildings, Volume 93, pages 249-258. <u><a href=\"https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1254734-joint-influence-albedo-insulation-roof-performance-observational-study\">https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1254734-joint-influence-albedo-insulation-roof-performance-observational-study</a></u> (accessed March 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\"><sup>[21]</sup></a> Global Cool Cities Alliance. 2012. “A Practical Guide to Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements: Primer.” Page 35. <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf\">https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\"><sup>[22]</sup></a> Global Cool Cities Alliance. 2012. “A Practical Guide to Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements: Primer.” Page 35. <u><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf\">https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Primer.pdf</a></u> (accessed June 22, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-exterior-walls/\">Exterior Wall Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-Site Renewable Energy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacements and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-site-and-stormwater-management/\">Site and Stormwater Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://heatisland.lbl.gov/coolscience/cool-roofs\">Berkeley Lab -Heat Island Group</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/cool_green_roof_man.pdf\">City of New York Department of Design and Construction Cool &amp; Green Roofing Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://coolroofs.org\">Cool Roof Rating Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.coolmetalroofing.org/\">Cool Metal Roofing Coalition</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/roof_products\">ENERGY STAR Roof Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://globalcoolcities.org/\">Global Cool Cities Alliance </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.coolrooftoolkit.org\">Cool Roof and Cool Pavements Toolkit</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nrca.net\">National Roofing Contractors Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://cbei.psu.edu\">Penn State Consortium for Building Energy Innovation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Insurance Institute for Business Home and Safety: FORTIFIED Standards</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp%20content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_Hurricane_Standards.pdf\">Commercial Hurricane Standard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fortified_Commercial_High_Wind_Hail_Standards.pdf\">Commercial Highwind and Hail Standard</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/coolmetalroofing.php\">Cool Metal Roofing</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/roofing-systems\">Roofing Systems</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/tools/cool-roof/\">Cool Roof Calculator: Estimates Cooling and Heating Savings for Flat Roofs with Non-Black Surfaces</a> <u></u></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/10/f3/coolroofguide.pdf\">Guidelines for Selecting Cool Roofs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Roof Replacements and Upgrades','','inherit','closed','closed','','1910-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:19:48','2022-04-18 20:19:48','',1910,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1915',0,'revision','',0),(1917,2,'2022-04-18 20:26:12','2022-04-18 20:26:12','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Window and Skylight Upgrades\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What are Window and Skylight Upgrades? </strong></h2>\n<p>Windows and skylights form part of the fenestration system of a building and play a key role in maintaining a highly insulated building envelope (see <em>Exterior Wall Systems</em>). The fenestration system, or arrangement of openings in a building envelope, determines a building’s HVAC requirements and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Appropriately placed and selected energy-efficient or high-performance windows maximize natural light and minimize glare and heat gain or loss, decreasing dependence on electric lighting and HVAC systems and improving thermal comfort, energy-efficiency, and daylighting (see <em>Daylighting</em> and <em>Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Advanced window technologies such as chromogenic windows and auto-operated windows and shading devices offer daylighting, solar heat gain control and ventilation benefits. Two types of chromogenic windows include thermochromic, which uses adhesive coating to adjust tinting passively with window surface temperature; and electrochromic, which use operable switches or automated building control systems to tint the window via electric current.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Operable windows and shading systems use auto-controlled devices that open and close at specific times of the day to manage ventilation levels or light levels and control indoor temperatures and manage solar heat gain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_423\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"504\"]<img class=\"wp-image-423 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Windows-and-Skylights-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Windows and Skylights (Source: US DOE Energy Savers)\" width=\"504\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1 – Windows and Skylights (Source: US DOE Energy Savers)[/caption]<p>High-performance window technologies including low emissive or low-e glass panes, spacers, and insulated frames help prevent energy loss due to conduction, radiation, convection, and air leakage (see <em>Air Infiltration</em>). Low-e windows, treated with a microscopically thin coating, reduce heat flow. Spacers or tiny pieces placed between panes in double- or triple- paned windows, create an insulated space often filled with an inert gas such as argon or krypton to increase the window’s insulation properties (see <em>Exterior Wall Systems</em>).</p>\n<p>State and local energy codes, federal tax credits, and utility incentives, and ENERGY STAR base their criteria for energy-efficient windows on certified ratings by the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC). NFRC labels provide ratings for <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/ufactor.php\">U-factor</a>, <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/shgc.php\">Solar Heat Gain Coefficient</a> (SHGC), <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/vt.php\">Visible Light Transmittance</a> (VT), and optionally <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/al.php\">Air Leakage</a> (AL) and <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/cr.php\">Condensation Resistance</a> (CR) ratings.</p>\n<p>A window’s U-factor describes its rate of heat transfer or insulating properties. A lower U-factor indicates a window with higher resistance to heat flow, or a better-insulated window.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) indicates how much of the sun’s solar energy transmits through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential increases. Visible transmittance (VT) refers to the amount of visible light transmitted through the window. A higher VT means more daylight in a space. Advances in high-performance tinted glass and low-solar-gain low-e coatings reduce solar heat gain while maintaining visible transmittance. The Air Leakage (AL) rating describes leakage through cracks in the window assembly. Condensation Resistance (CR) rates windows on a range between 1 and 100 with higher numbers signaling increased resistance to condensation.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement window and skylight upgrades</strong></h2>\n<p>First, conduct an energy audit to identify sources of air infiltration and to determine opportunities to improve energy-efficiency. Consider improvements to windows and skylights (and the entire fenestration system) early in the renovation process and integrate with updates to other building systems. For example, increasing roof insulation and wall systems in combination with window system upgrades offer a significant opportunity for energy savings.  A retrofit of the windows and skylights also offers the opportunity to improve natural light and introduce complementary systems such as daylighting sensors. Use simulation programs such as the <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/new_selection1.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative Window Selection Tool</a> or <a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen\">Berkeley Lab’s RESFEN</a> to determine energy-efficient and cost-effective window options. Look for the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">ENERGY STAR label</a>, which sets standards for energy-efficiency that often exceed local energy code requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Improvements to consider when upgrading windows and frames include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Double or triple-paned glass</li>\n<li>Inert gas fill (e.g., krypton, argon, or nitrogen)</li>\n<li>Low-e, glass or film and other advanced coatings and films</li>\n<li>Window tinting appropriate for the climate and building orientation</li>\n<li>Insulated frames, low-conductivity materials</li>\n<li>Chromogenic windows that can reduce HVAC and lighting energy use by controlling heat transfer and daylight transmittance in real time.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Window performance depends on proper installation, sealing and flashing to prevent air leakage and water damage. Window manufacturers often provide detailed installation requirements and specifications for their products and may have recommendations for in-house installers and programs, 3rd party installers, or installer certification programs such as <a href=\"http://www.installationmasters.com/\">Installation Masters™.</a> ASTM Standard E 2112 provides a nationally recognized standard for proper window installation.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy-efficient windows contribute to the satisfaction, health, and productivity of building occupants by providing daylighting, reducing glare, providing views of nature, and regulating thermal comfort. By providing natural light, managing glare, and eliminating the need for window treatments that completely block out sunlight, high-performance windows can reduce electric lighting loads while at the same time reducing the ultraviolet (UV) and other solar radiation which causes fading of fabrics and furnishings. Energy-efficient windows designed as part of an overall energy management strategy can lead to mechanical equipment downsizing, saving capital costs, and reducing mechanical loads and operating expenses (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC System</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of window and skylight upgrades varies by project. Energy savings combined with improved thermal comfort, daylighting, and enhanced security benefits often justify fenestration upgrades. Smaller HVAC systems and annual energy savings can offset the cost of upgrading to high-performance windows and skylights when combined with wall upgrades. Energy savings alone can justify upgrading the glazing to soft coat double-pane, and low-e.  Better glazings can result in higher energy savings in connection with daylighting systems. Commercial buildings with adequately specified fenestration systems have the potential to reduce lighting and HVAC costs 10%–40%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Maintenance and repair have a significant impact on the life-cycle cost of windows and skylights. Glass, a highly durable material only needs replacement when broken. Window frame durability depends upon maintenance. Framing materials typically have a useful life of 20 to 50 years depending upon the type of deterioration such as rot and corrosion.  Sealants, caulks, tapes, and other glazing materials used to achieve weather-tightness typically have a useful life of 15 to 30 years depending upon thermal stress, movement, and environmental exposure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Driven by the demand for large TV screens and recent improvements in thin glass technology, the cost of sub-millimeter glass compares to standard, double-strength glass.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>For up-to-date information on available incentives, visit the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=windows_doors.pr_benefits\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/programs\">NJ Clean Energy Program</a> websites.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a building with energy-efficient windows maintains comfortable internal temperature for building occupants by reducing heat gain and reducing cooling loads during the summer months. During the winter months, energy-efficient windows provide better insulating properties compared to conventional windows while also offering daylighting, passive solar heating, and enhanced thermal comfort in the case of a power outage. Energy-efficient windows reduce reliance and stress on the grid and provide energy savings. In areas prone to flooding, wind-driven rain, snow storms or hurricanes, properly sealed and flashed windows protect against problems caused by water intrusion, including mold, warping, and structural damage.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) – Windows and Glazing <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php</a> (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. Understanding Windows. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/understanding.php\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/understanding.php</a> (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Jennifer King and Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: Using Smart Technology to Save Energy in Existing Buildings.” February 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.   <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: A Deeper Dive into Market Segments.” December 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1703.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1703.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. U-Factor. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/ufactor.php\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/ufactor.php</a> (accessed May 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Energy Star. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US DOE Office of Renewable Energy &amp; Technology (Feb 2018) Windows and Envelope R&amp;D Opportunities Workshop <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf</a> (accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines. <a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf</a> (accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> US DOE Office of Renewable Energy &amp; Technology (Feb 2018) Windows and Envelope R&amp;D Opportunities Workshop <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf</a> (accessed April 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-exterior-walls/\">Exterior Wall Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/residential_windows_doors_and_skylights\">Energy Star – Windows, Doors, and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nfrc.org\">National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/windows-and-building-envelope\">US DOE – Building Technologies Office – Windows and Building Envelope</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Efficient Windows Collaborative</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.umn.edu/index.php\">High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/financing.php\">Financing and Incentives</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/software.php\">Software and Tools</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170719235328/http://newbuildings.org:80/resource/daylighting-guide-office-interiors/\">Daylighting Guide for Office Interiors</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">Windows and Glazing</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Window and Skylight Upgrades','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-window-and-skylight-upgrades','','','2022-06-23 17:59:32','2022-06-23 17:59:32','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1917',0,'post','',0),(1918,2,'2022-04-18 20:22:32','2022-04-18 20:22:32','','EC Window and Skylight Upgrades','','inherit','closed','closed','','1917-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:22:32','2022-04-18 20:22:32','',1917,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1918',0,'revision','',0),(1920,2,'2022-04-18 20:26:12','2022-04-18 20:26:12','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Window and Skylight Upgrades\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What are Window and Skylight Upgrades? </strong></h2>\n<p>Windows and skylights form part of the fenestration system of a building and play a key role in maintaining a highly insulated building envelope (see <em>Exterior Wall Systems</em>). The fenestration system, or arrangement of openings in a building envelope, determines a building’s HVAC requirements and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Appropriately placed and selected energy-efficient or high-performance windows maximize natural light and minimize glare and heat gain or loss, decreasing dependence on electric lighting and HVAC systems and improving thermal comfort, energy-efficiency, and daylighting (see <em>Daylighting</em> and <em>Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Advanced window technologies such as chromogenic windows and auto-operated windows and shading devices offer daylighting, solar heat gain control and ventilation benefits. Two types of chromogenic windows include thermochromic, which uses adhesive coating to adjust tinting passively with window surface temperature; and electrochromic, which use operable switches or automated building control systems to tint the window via electric current.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Operable windows and shading systems use auto-controlled devices that open and close at specific times of the day to manage ventilation levels or light levels and control indoor temperatures and manage solar heat gain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_423\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"504\"]<img class=\"wp-image-423 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Windows-and-Skylights-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Windows and Skylights (Source: US DOE Energy Savers)\" width=\"504\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1 – Windows and Skylights (Source: US DOE Energy Savers)[/caption]<p>High-performance window technologies including low emissive or low-e glass panes, spacers, and insulated frames help prevent energy loss due to conduction, radiation, convection, and air leakage (see <em>Air Infiltration</em>). Low-e windows, treated with a microscopically thin coating, reduce heat flow. Spacers or tiny pieces placed between panes in double- or triple- paned windows, create an insulated space often filled with an inert gas such as argon or krypton to increase the window’s insulation properties (see <em>Exterior Wall Systems</em>).</p>\n<p>State and local energy codes, federal tax credits, and utility incentives, and ENERGY STAR base their criteria for energy-efficient windows on certified ratings by the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC). NFRC labels provide ratings for <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/ufactor.php\">U-factor</a>, <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/shgc.php\">Solar Heat Gain Coefficient</a> (SHGC), <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/vt.php\">Visible Light Transmittance</a> (VT), and optionally <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/al.php\">Air Leakage</a> (AL) and <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/cr.php\">Condensation Resistance</a> (CR) ratings.</p>\n<p>A window’s U-factor describes its rate of heat transfer or insulating properties. A lower U-factor indicates a window with higher resistance to heat flow, or a better-insulated window.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) indicates how much of the sun’s solar energy transmits through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential increases. Visible transmittance (VT) refers to the amount of visible light transmitted through the window. A higher VT means more daylight in a space. Advances in high-performance tinted glass and low-solar-gain low-e coatings reduce solar heat gain while maintaining visible transmittance. The Air Leakage (AL) rating describes leakage through cracks in the window assembly. Condensation Resistance (CR) rates windows on a range between 1 and 100 with higher numbers signaling increased resistance to condensation.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement window and skylight upgrades</strong></h2>\n<p>First, conduct an energy audit to identify sources of air infiltration and to determine opportunities to improve energy-efficiency. Consider improvements to windows and skylights (and the entire fenestration system) early in the renovation process and integrate with updates to other building systems. For example, increasing roof insulation and wall systems in combination with window system upgrades offer a significant opportunity for energy savings.  A retrofit of the windows and skylights also offers the opportunity to improve natural light and introduce complementary systems such as daylighting sensors. Use simulation programs such as the <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/new_selection1.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative Window Selection Tool</a> or <a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen\">Berkeley Lab’s RESFEN</a> to determine energy-efficient and cost-effective window options. Look for the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">ENERGY STAR label</a>, which sets standards for energy-efficiency that often exceed local energy code requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Improvements to consider when upgrading windows and frames include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Double or triple-paned glass</li>\n<li>Inert gas fill (e.g., krypton, argon, or nitrogen)</li>\n<li>Low-e, glass or film and other advanced coatings and films</li>\n<li>Window tinting appropriate for the climate and building orientation</li>\n<li>Insulated frames, low-conductivity materials</li>\n<li>Chromogenic windows that can reduce HVAC and lighting energy use by controlling heat transfer and daylight transmittance in real time.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Window performance depends on proper installation, sealing and flashing to prevent air leakage and water damage. Window manufacturers often provide detailed installation requirements and specifications for their products and may have recommendations for in-house installers and programs, 3rd party installers, or installer certification programs such as <a href=\"http://www.installationmasters.com/\">Installation Masters™.</a> ASTM Standard E 2112 provides a nationally recognized standard for proper window installation.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy-efficient windows contribute to the satisfaction, health, and productivity of building occupants by providing daylighting, reducing glare, providing views of nature, and regulating thermal comfort. By providing natural light, managing glare, and eliminating the need for window treatments that completely block out sunlight, high-performance windows can reduce electric lighting loads while at the same time reducing the ultraviolet (UV) and other solar radiation which causes fading of fabrics and furnishings. Energy-efficient windows designed as part of an overall energy management strategy can lead to mechanical equipment downsizing, saving capital costs, and reducing mechanical loads and operating expenses (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC System</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of window and skylight upgrades varies by project. Energy savings combined with improved thermal comfort, daylighting, and enhanced security benefits often justify fenestration upgrades. Smaller HVAC systems and annual energy savings can offset the cost of upgrading to high-performance windows and skylights when combined with wall upgrades. Energy savings alone can justify upgrading the glazing to soft coat double-pane, and low-e.  Better glazings can result in higher energy savings in connection with daylighting systems. Commercial buildings with adequately specified fenestration systems have the potential to reduce lighting and HVAC costs 10%–40%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Maintenance and repair have a significant impact on the life-cycle cost of windows and skylights. Glass, a highly durable material only needs replacement when broken. Window frame durability depends upon maintenance. Framing materials typically have a useful life of 20 to 50 years depending upon the type of deterioration such as rot and corrosion.  Sealants, caulks, tapes, and other glazing materials used to achieve weather-tightness typically have a useful life of 15 to 30 years depending upon thermal stress, movement, and environmental exposure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Driven by the demand for large TV screens and recent improvements in thin glass technology, the cost of sub-millimeter glass compares to standard, double-strength glass.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>For up-to-date information on available incentives, visit the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=windows_doors.pr_benefits\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/programs\">NJ Clean Energy Program</a> websites.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a building with energy-efficient windows maintains comfortable internal temperature for building occupants by reducing heat gain and reducing cooling loads during the summer months. During the winter months, energy-efficient windows provide better insulating properties compared to conventional windows while also offering daylighting, passive solar heating, and enhanced thermal comfort in the case of a power outage. Energy-efficient windows reduce reliance and stress on the grid and provide energy savings. In areas prone to flooding, wind-driven rain, snow storms or hurricanes, properly sealed and flashed windows protect against problems caused by water intrusion, including mold, warping, and structural damage.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) – Windows and Glazing <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php</a> (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. Understanding Windows. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/understanding.php\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/understanding.php</a> (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Jennifer King and Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: Using Smart Technology to Save Energy in Existing Buildings.” February 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.   <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: A Deeper Dive into Market Segments.” December 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1703.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1703.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. U-Factor. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/ufactor.php\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/ufactor.php</a> (accessed May 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Energy Star. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US DOE Office of Renewable Energy &amp; Technology (Feb 2018) Windows and Envelope R&amp;D Opportunities Workshop <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf</a> (accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines. <a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf</a> (accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> US DOE Office of Renewable Energy &amp; Technology (Feb 2018) Windows and Envelope R&amp;D Opportunities Workshop <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf</a> (accessed April 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-exterior-walls/\">Exterior Wall Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/residential_windows_doors_and_skylights\">Energy Star – Windows, Doors, and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nfrc.org\">National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/windows-and-building-envelope\">US DOE – Building Technologies Office – Windows and Building Envelope</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Efficient Windows Collaborative</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.umn.edu/index.php\">High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/financing.php\">Financing and Incentives</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/software.php\">Software and Tools</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/resource/daylighting-guide-office-interiors/\">Daylighting Guide for Office Interiors</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">Windows and Glazing</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Window and Skylight Upgrades','','inherit','closed','closed','','1917-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:26:12','2022-04-18 20:26:12','',1917,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1920',0,'revision','',0),(1922,2,'2022-04-18 20:27:19','2022-04-18 20:27:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Existing Commercial Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the greening of existing commercial buildings, which continue to represent untapped potential in common green building areas such as energy efficiency, environmental performance, indoor air quality, and occupant comfort.</p>\n<p>The Manual organizes existing commercial building upgrade strategies by focus areas such as “energy &amp; resilience” or “environment &amp; health.” Each strategy includes a short explanation or definition, implementation recommendations, New Jersey specific examples (when available), and sections on strategy benefits, costs, resiliency (if applicable), and additional resources.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Planning & Site Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-costs-analysis-lcca/\">Life-Cycle-Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-re-commissioning/\">Re-Commissioning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-composting/\">Composting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-site-and-stormwater-management/\">Site and Stormwater Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Energy & Resilience\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf5ba;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Envelope\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf17a;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-exterior-walls/\">Exterior Wall Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacement and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Lighting\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0eb;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"HVAC\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy Supply\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Back-up Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf242;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Environment & Health\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf21e;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Waste & Materials\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Air Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Occupant Health and Productivity\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf406;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Building Performance\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf201;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf274;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Evaluation\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"4\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Existing Commercial','','inherit','closed','closed','','1013-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:27:19','2022-04-18 20:27:19','',1013,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1922',0,'revision','',0),(1923,3,'2022-04-18 20:32:13','2022-04-18 20:32:13','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Insulation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Insulation?</strong></h2>\n<p>Insulation includes material that reduces the amount of heat lost from a building. Properly insulating a new home relates to creating an efficient building envelope. A properly insulated building envelope increases the efficiency of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, reducing energy costs while increasing occupant thermal comfort by acting as a thermal barrier and controlling indoor temperature and humidity levels. For example, in cold and damp basements, adequately insulated foundation walls and floor slabs reduce heating and cooling costs and result in more comfortable below-grade rooms. Insulation also helps prevent problems with moisture, insects, and radon in the home (see<span> </span><em>Radon Mitigation System</em><span> </span>strategy). It is important to note that insulation only helps reduce air and heat flow in the space where it is contained. Therefore it is most effective when the home is also correctly sealed against excess air infiltration (See<span> </span><em>Air Infiltration</em><span> </span><em>Reduction</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Other components of the typical building envelope include windows, doors, walls, roof, and foundation, all of which require different types of insulation.</p>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_387\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"758\"]<img class=\"wp-image-387 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"758\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1. Blown-in cellulose insulation in a home attic. (Source: Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Association).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Insulate</strong></h2>\n<p>A highly insulated building envelope requires an integrated design approach during the pre-design phase of a new home project that views the building as a whole system and coordinates the insulation of all the building elements (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Consider the selection of materials used in the walls, doors, roof, windows and foundation, as well as daylighting strategies, the design of HVAC and electrical systems, and the home’s energy performance goals. For example, a highly insulated building envelope reduces the energy requirements and therefore the size of the home’s HVAC system by minimizing the loss of conditioned air to the outside (see<span> </span><em>Properly Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).</p>\n<p>Insulation ratings refer to R-value or resistance to heat flow.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>An insulation’s material composition and thickness contribute to its R-value. A higher R-value indicates higher expected thermal performance. However, more is not always better, as there is a point of diminishing returns with insulation (i.e., the intersection between cost and energy savings).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Look for<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">Energy Star certified insulation</a><span> </span>tested for performance and safety standards. Compare the R-value of the selected insulation to local and state building code requirements and best practice recommendations for the local climate region. The<span> </span><a href=\"https://reca-codes.com/\">International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey</a><span> </span>provides detailed information about the different climate zones in New Jersey and corresponding insulation standards.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>While fiberglass batt insulation remains popular, a growing number of other insulation options exist (see Table 1). For example, insulated concrete forms (ICFs), insulated pre-cast concrete wall systems and structural insulated panels (SIPs), provide structural support with built-in insulation.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_63\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1206\"]<img class=\"wp-image-63 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Table-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1206\" height=\"1174\" /> Table 1 – Common types of insulation used in residential applications. (Source: Adapted from US DOE Types of Insulation).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Proper installation impacts the R-value of insulation. Homeowners can install some types of insulation, such as batts and rolls, but other types may require professional installation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The US DOE offers the following guidelines when hiring an experienced installer:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain written cost estimates based on R-value from several contractors.</li>\n<li>Ask contractors about air-sealing services and costs.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>For more information on the different types of insulation and on hiring a professional installer, see the <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation\">US DOE: Energy Savers – Types of Insulation</a> and <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">Energy Star</a> websites.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://performance-materials.basf.us/resources/case-studies/id/747\">BASF Near-Zero Energy Home, Paterson, NJ</a></p>\n<p>BASF, a chemical company, constructed a near-zero energy, single-family model home in Paterson, New Jersey. The structure incorporates three types of insulating foam technologies to reduce energy consumption. Additionally, the building uses ENERGY STAR certified, low-e, glazed windows to block solar heat gain while allowing natural daylight into the home. Air-sealing included weather-stripping around windows and doors.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_338\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"578\"]<img class=\"wp-image-338 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – The BASF Near-Zero Energy Home in Paterson, NJ\" width=\"578\" height=\"584\" /> Figure 2 – The BASF Near-Zero Energy Home in Paterson, NJ[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/NJAR-Final-Report-July-2011_submitted.pdf\">Baseline Home vs. Model of Energy Efficient New Home in NJ.</a></p>\n<p>This study investigated the costs and benefits of different residential energy efficiency scenarios, including advanced framing and upgraded insulation, compared to a baseline, single-family detached home.</p>\n<p><em>The basic framing/insulation upgrade</em> used a 2×6 @ 24” on-center advance framing technique. This model upgrade included the following insulation improvements:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Foundation walls insulated with R-20 rigid extruded polystyrene, closed-cell foam insulation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n<li>Above-grade walls insulated with rigid foil-faced isocyanurate, a closed-cell, rigid foam insulation with an R-value of 7 per inch.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Study results showed that the basic framing and insulation upgrade had a lower initial investment ($19k, or 19%) as compared to the baseline and saved approximately $300, or 9% in annual operating costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><em>The enhanced framing/insulation upgrade</em> used Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs) for the foundation walls, Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) in the above-grade walls, upgraded ceiling insulation of R-70 blown-in cellulose, and fiberglass floor insulation with a higher R-value of 49.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Study results showed that the enhanced framing and insulation upgrade cost less in initial investment ($ 1k) as compared to the baseline and saved approximately $500, or 16% in annual operating costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>An important benefit of a properly insulated new home includes lower costs of mechanical systems. An adequately insulated new home allows for the installation of an appropriately sized HVAC system. Older, poorly insulated buildings often require oversized HVAC systems to accommodate for the loss of conditioned air through air leakage. Sealing air leaks and adding insulation can increase occupant thermal comfort and save an average of 10% on annual energy costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Properly insulated homes maintain comfortable indoor temperature and humidity levels and guard against outside noise, pollen, dust, and insects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing a highly insulated building envelope vary depending on the size and orientation of the home, climate, design elements, and the type of insulation and building material. Annual energy savings and incentives offered by the NJ Office of Clean Energy can help offset upfront costs.</p>\n<p>While foam insulation products and installation typically have higher first costs compared to traditional batt insulation, foam insulation has lower life-cycle costs due to reduced construction time for installation, and the avoided costs associated with weatherizing a home (i.e., caulking, house wrapping, vapor barriers) because of its high R-value and tight air barrier.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p>For information about costs for various insulation materials see Home Advisor: Insulation Costs: <a href=\"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/insulation/#closing-article\">https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/insulation/#closing-article</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A properly insulated home offers several essential resiliency benefits. In the event of a power outage, well-insulated homes protect against heat loss in the winter and heat gain in the summer, helping to maintain comfortable internal temperatures for building occupants. Wall assembly systems (with insulating properties) such as precast concrete panels, insulated concrete forms (ICFs), and structural insulated panels (SIPs) offer resistance to hazards such as fire, wind, earthquakes, and floods, and improve indoor environmental quality through resistance to mold.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US DOE: Insulation Fact Sheet. 2008. <a href=\"https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/docs/factSheets/Insulation-FactSheet-2008.pdf\">https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/docs/factSheets/Insulation-FactSheet-2008.pdf</a> (accessed May 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US DOE: Energy Saver. “Insulation” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation</a> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building (RCGB). 2011. “Costs and Benefits of Residential Energy Efficiency Investments.” Prepared for the New Jersey Association of REALTORS® Governmental Research Foundation. Page 21 <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Responsible Energy Codes Alliance (RECA). International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey. <a href=\"https://reca-codes.com/\">https://reca-codes.com</a> (accessed May 4, 2018). Note: IECC Code 2015 is the current adopted NJ Building Code for New Residential Construction in NJ.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Energy Star. Types of Insulation and Skill Leve Required to Install. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers – Types of Insulation. https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation (accessed May 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. 2011. “Costs and Benefits of Residential Energy Efficiency Investments.” Prepared for the New Jersey Association of REALTORS® Governmental Research Foundation. Page 23. <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Ibid, page 24.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Ibid, page 24.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid, page 26.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Ibid, page 26-27.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Energy Star. Seal and Insulate with Energy Star. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Energy Star. Why Seal and Insulate? <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_sealing\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_sealing</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers: Types of Insulation. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance (NJCAA). 2014. The Role of Buildings in Climate Adaptation. Climate Change Preparedness in New Jersey. Page 11. Edited by Jennifer Senick. https://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/resource-pdfs/111-green-bulding/file (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">The Efficient Windows Collaborative: New Jersey Guide</a></li>\n<li>ENERGY STAR\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/publications/pubdocs/DIY_Guide_May_2008.pdf\">A Do-It-Yourself Guide to Sealing and Insulating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate\">Seal and Insulate</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.naima.org/\">North American Insulation Manufacturers Association (NAIMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/ec7b215b-6834-4328-a5c2-47a63f3222e1/downloads/1bob2vu7b_880945.pdf\">Responsible Energy Codes Alliance (RECA) – Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey to Meet the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)</a></li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://hes.lbl.gov/consumer/\">Home Energy Saver Calculator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/insulation-new-home-construction\">Insulation for New Home Construction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ornl.gov/~roofs/Zip/ZipHome.html\">Program to determine recommended insulation levels for a new home based on zip code and building materials</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Insulation','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-insulation','','','2022-04-18 20:32:18','2022-04-18 20:32:18','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1923',0,'post','',0),(1925,3,'2022-04-18 20:32:13','2022-04-18 20:32:13','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Insulation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Insulation?</strong></h2>\n<p>Insulation includes material that reduces the amount of heat lost from a building. Properly insulating a new home relates to creating an efficient building envelope. A properly insulated building envelope increases the efficiency of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, reducing energy costs while increasing occupant thermal comfort by acting as a thermal barrier and controlling indoor temperature and humidity levels. For example, in cold and damp basements, adequately insulated foundation walls and floor slabs reduce heating and cooling costs and result in more comfortable below-grade rooms. Insulation also helps prevent problems with moisture, insects, and radon in the home (see<span> </span><em>Radon Mitigation System</em><span> </span>strategy). It is important to note that insulation only helps reduce air and heat flow in the space where it is contained. Therefore it is most effective when the home is also correctly sealed against excess air infiltration (See<span> </span><em>Air Infiltration</em><span> </span><em>Reduction</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Other components of the typical building envelope include windows, doors, walls, roof, and foundation, all of which require different types of insulation.</p>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_387\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"758\"]<img class=\"wp-image-387 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"758\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1. Blown-in cellulose insulation in a home attic. (Source: Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Association).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Insulate</strong></h2>\n<p>A highly insulated building envelope requires an integrated design approach during the pre-design phase of a new home project that views the building as a whole system and coordinates the insulation of all the building elements (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Consider the selection of materials used in the walls, doors, roof, windows and foundation, as well as daylighting strategies, the design of HVAC and electrical systems, and the home’s energy performance goals. For example, a highly insulated building envelope reduces the energy requirements and therefore the size of the home’s HVAC system by minimizing the loss of conditioned air to the outside (see<span> </span><em>Properly Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).</p>\n<p>Insulation ratings refer to R-value or resistance to heat flow.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>An insulation’s material composition and thickness contribute to its R-value. A higher R-value indicates higher expected thermal performance. However, more is not always better, as there is a point of diminishing returns with insulation (i.e., the intersection between cost and energy savings).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Look for<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">Energy Star certified insulation</a><span> </span>tested for performance and safety standards. Compare the R-value of the selected insulation to local and state building code requirements and best practice recommendations for the local climate region. The<span> </span><a href=\"https://reca-codes.com/\">International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey</a><span> </span>provides detailed information about the different climate zones in New Jersey and corresponding insulation standards.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>While fiberglass batt insulation remains popular, a growing number of other insulation options exist (see Table 1). For example, insulated concrete forms (ICFs), insulated pre-cast concrete wall systems and structural insulated panels (SIPs), provide structural support with built-in insulation.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_63\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1206\"]<img class=\"wp-image-63 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Table-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1206\" height=\"1174\" /> Table 1 – Common types of insulation used in residential applications. (Source: Adapted from US DOE Types of Insulation).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Proper installation impacts the R-value of insulation. Homeowners can install some types of insulation, such as batts and rolls, but other types may require professional installation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The US DOE offers the following guidelines when hiring an experienced installer:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain written cost estimates based on R-value from several contractors.</li>\n<li>Ask contractors about air-sealing services and costs.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>For more information on the different types of insulation and on hiring a professional installer, see the <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation\">US DOE: Energy Savers – Types of Insulation</a> and <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">Energy Star</a> websites.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://performance-materials.basf.us/resources/case-studies/id/747\">BASF Near-Zero Energy Home, Paterson, NJ</a></p>\n<p>BASF, a chemical company, constructed a near-zero energy, single-family model home in Paterson, New Jersey. The structure incorporates three types of insulating foam technologies to reduce energy consumption. Additionally, the building uses ENERGY STAR certified, low-e, glazed windows to block solar heat gain while allowing natural daylight into the home. Air-sealing included weather-stripping around windows and doors.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_338\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"578\"]<img class=\"wp-image-338 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – The BASF Near-Zero Energy Home in Paterson, NJ\" width=\"578\" height=\"584\" /> Figure 2 – The BASF Near-Zero Energy Home in Paterson, NJ[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/NJAR-Final-Report-July-2011_submitted.pdf\">Baseline Home vs. Model of Energy Efficient New Home in NJ.</a></p>\n<p>This study investigated the costs and benefits of different residential energy efficiency scenarios, including advanced framing and upgraded insulation, compared to a baseline, single-family detached home.</p>\n<p><em>The basic framing/insulation upgrade</em> used a 2×6 @ 24” on-center advance framing technique. This model upgrade included the following insulation improvements:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Foundation walls insulated with R-20 rigid extruded polystyrene, closed-cell foam insulation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n<li>Above-grade walls insulated with rigid foil-faced isocyanurate, a closed-cell, rigid foam insulation with an R-value of 7 per inch.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Study results showed that the basic framing and insulation upgrade had a lower initial investment ($19k, or 19%) as compared to the baseline and saved approximately $300, or 9% in annual operating costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><em>The enhanced framing/insulation upgrade</em> used Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs) for the foundation walls, Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) in the above-grade walls, upgraded ceiling insulation of R-70 blown-in cellulose, and fiberglass floor insulation with a higher R-value of 49.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Study results showed that the enhanced framing and insulation upgrade cost less in initial investment ($ 1k) as compared to the baseline and saved approximately $500, or 16% in annual operating costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>An important benefit of a properly insulated new home includes lower costs of mechanical systems. An adequately insulated new home allows for the installation of an appropriately sized HVAC system. Older, poorly insulated buildings often require oversized HVAC systems to accommodate for the loss of conditioned air through air leakage. Sealing air leaks and adding insulation can increase occupant thermal comfort and save an average of 10% on annual energy costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Properly insulated homes maintain comfortable indoor temperature and humidity levels and guard against outside noise, pollen, dust, and insects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing a highly insulated building envelope vary depending on the size and orientation of the home, climate, design elements, and the type of insulation and building material. Annual energy savings and incentives offered by the NJ Office of Clean Energy can help offset upfront costs.</p>\n<p>While foam insulation products and installation typically have higher first costs compared to traditional batt insulation, foam insulation has lower life-cycle costs due to reduced construction time for installation, and the avoided costs associated with weatherizing a home (i.e., caulking, house wrapping, vapor barriers) because of its high R-value and tight air barrier.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p>For information about costs for various insulation materials see Home Advisor: Insulation Costs: <a href=\"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/insulation/#closing-article\">https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/insulation/#closing-article</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A properly insulated home offers several essential resiliency benefits. In the event of a power outage, well-insulated homes protect against heat loss in the winter and heat gain in the summer, helping to maintain comfortable internal temperatures for building occupants. Wall assembly systems (with insulating properties) such as precast concrete panels, insulated concrete forms (ICFs), and structural insulated panels (SIPs) offer resistance to hazards such as fire, wind, earthquakes, and floods, and improve indoor environmental quality through resistance to mold.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US DOE: Insulation Fact Sheet. 2008. <a href=\"https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/docs/factSheets/Insulation-FactSheet-2008.pdf\">https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/docs/factSheets/Insulation-FactSheet-2008.pdf</a> (accessed May 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US DOE: Energy Saver. “Insulation” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation</a> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building (RCGB). 2011. “Costs and Benefits of Residential Energy Efficiency Investments.” Prepared for the New Jersey Association of REALTORS® Governmental Research Foundation. Page 21 <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Responsible Energy Codes Alliance (RECA). International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey. <a href=\"https://reca-codes.com/\">https://reca-codes.com</a> (accessed May 4, 2018). Note: IECC Code 2015 is the current adopted NJ Building Code for New Residential Construction in NJ.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Energy Star. Types of Insulation and Skill Leve Required to Install. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers – Types of Insulation. https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation (accessed May 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. 2011. “Costs and Benefits of Residential Energy Efficiency Investments.” Prepared for the New Jersey Association of REALTORS® Governmental Research Foundation. Page 23. <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Ibid, page 24.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Ibid, page 24.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid, page 26.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Ibid, page 26-27.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Energy Star. Seal and Insulate with Energy Star. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Energy Star. Why Seal and Insulate? <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_sealing\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_sealing</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers: Types of Insulation. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance (NJCAA). 2014. The Role of Buildings in Climate Adaptation. Climate Change Preparedness in New Jersey. Page 11. Edited by Jennifer Senick. https://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/resource-pdfs/111-green-bulding/file (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">The Efficient Windows Collaborative: New Jersey Guide</a></li>\n<li>ENERGY STAR\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/publications/pubdocs/DIY_Guide_May_2008.pdf\">A Do-It-Yourself Guide to Sealing and Insulating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate\">Seal and Insulate</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.naima.org/\">North American Insulation Manufacturers Association (NAIMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/ec7b215b-6834-4328-a5c2-47a63f3222e1/downloads/1bob2vu7b_880945.pdf\">Responsible Energy Codes Alliance (RECA) – Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey to Meet the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)</a></li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://hes.lbl.gov/consumer/\">Home Energy Saver Calculator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/insulation-new-home-construction\">Insulation for New Home Construction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ornl.gov/~roofs/Zip/ZipHome.html\">Program to determine recommended insulation levels for a new home based on zip code and building materials</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR InsulationInsulation','','inherit','closed','closed','','1923-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:32:13','2022-04-18 20:32:13','',1923,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1925',0,'revision','',0),(1926,3,'2022-04-18 20:32:14','2022-04-18 20:32:14','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Insulation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Insulation?</strong></h2>\n<p>Insulation includes material that reduces the amount of heat lost from a building. Properly insulating a new home relates to creating an efficient building envelope. A properly insulated building envelope increases the efficiency of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, reducing energy costs while increasing occupant thermal comfort by acting as a thermal barrier and controlling indoor temperature and humidity levels. For example, in cold and damp basements, adequately insulated foundation walls and floor slabs reduce heating and cooling costs and result in more comfortable below-grade rooms. Insulation also helps prevent problems with moisture, insects, and radon in the home (see<span> </span><em>Radon Mitigation System</em><span> </span>strategy). It is important to note that insulation only helps reduce air and heat flow in the space where it is contained. Therefore it is most effective when the home is also correctly sealed against excess air infiltration (See<span> </span><em>Air Infiltration</em><span> </span><em>Reduction</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Other components of the typical building envelope include windows, doors, walls, roof, and foundation, all of which require different types of insulation.</p>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_387\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"758\"]<img class=\"wp-image-387 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"758\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1. Blown-in cellulose insulation in a home attic. (Source: Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Association).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Insulate</strong></h2>\n<p>A highly insulated building envelope requires an integrated design approach during the pre-design phase of a new home project that views the building as a whole system and coordinates the insulation of all the building elements (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Consider the selection of materials used in the walls, doors, roof, windows and foundation, as well as daylighting strategies, the design of HVAC and electrical systems, and the home’s energy performance goals. For example, a highly insulated building envelope reduces the energy requirements and therefore the size of the home’s HVAC system by minimizing the loss of conditioned air to the outside (see<span> </span><em>Properly Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).</p>\n<p>Insulation ratings refer to R-value or resistance to heat flow.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>An insulation’s material composition and thickness contribute to its R-value. A higher R-value indicates higher expected thermal performance. However, more is not always better, as there is a point of diminishing returns with insulation (i.e., the intersection between cost and energy savings).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Look for<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">Energy Star certified insulation</a><span> </span>tested for performance and safety standards. Compare the R-value of the selected insulation to local and state building code requirements and best practice recommendations for the local climate region. The<span> </span><a href=\"https://reca-codes.com/\">International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey</a><span> </span>provides detailed information about the different climate zones in New Jersey and corresponding insulation standards.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>While fiberglass batt insulation remains popular, a growing number of other insulation options exist (see Table 1). For example, insulated concrete forms (ICFs), insulated pre-cast concrete wall systems and structural insulated panels (SIPs), provide structural support with built-in insulation.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_63\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1206\"]<img class=\"wp-image-63 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Table-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1206\" height=\"1174\" /> Table 1 – Common types of insulation used in residential applications. (Source: Adapted from US DOE Types of Insulation).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Proper installation impacts the R-value of insulation. Homeowners can install some types of insulation, such as batts and rolls, but other types may require professional installation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The US DOE offers the following guidelines when hiring an experienced installer:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain written cost estimates based on R-value from several contractors.</li>\n<li>Ask contractors about air-sealing services and costs.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>For more information on the different types of insulation and on hiring a professional installer, see the <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation\">US DOE: Energy Savers – Types of Insulation</a> and <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">Energy Star</a> websites.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://performance-materials.basf.us/resources/case-studies/id/747\">BASF Near-Zero Energy Home, Paterson, NJ</a></p>\n<p>BASF, a chemical company, constructed a near-zero energy, single-family model home in Paterson, New Jersey. The structure incorporates three types of insulating foam technologies to reduce energy consumption. Additionally, the building uses ENERGY STAR certified, low-e, glazed windows to block solar heat gain while allowing natural daylight into the home. Air-sealing included weather-stripping around windows and doors.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_338\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"578\"]<img class=\"wp-image-338 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – The BASF Near-Zero Energy Home in Paterson, NJ\" width=\"578\" height=\"584\" /> Figure 2 – The BASF Near-Zero Energy Home in Paterson, NJ[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/NJAR-Final-Report-July-2011_submitted.pdf\">Baseline Home vs. Model of Energy Efficient New Home in NJ.</a></p>\n<p>This study investigated the costs and benefits of different residential energy efficiency scenarios, including advanced framing and upgraded insulation, compared to a baseline, single-family detached home.</p>\n<p><em>The basic framing/insulation upgrade</em> used a 2×6 @ 24” on-center advance framing technique. This model upgrade included the following insulation improvements:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Foundation walls insulated with R-20 rigid extruded polystyrene, closed-cell foam insulation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n<li>Above-grade walls insulated with rigid foil-faced isocyanurate, a closed-cell, rigid foam insulation with an R-value of 7 per inch.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Study results showed that the basic framing and insulation upgrade had a lower initial investment ($19k, or 19%) as compared to the baseline and saved approximately $300, or 9% in annual operating costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><em>The enhanced framing/insulation upgrade</em> used Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs) for the foundation walls, Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) in the above-grade walls, upgraded ceiling insulation of R-70 blown-in cellulose, and fiberglass floor insulation with a higher R-value of 49.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Study results showed that the enhanced framing and insulation upgrade cost less in initial investment ($ 1k) as compared to the baseline and saved approximately $500, or 16% in annual operating costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>An important benefit of a properly insulated new home includes lower costs of mechanical systems. An adequately insulated new home allows for the installation of an appropriately sized HVAC system. Older, poorly insulated buildings often require oversized HVAC systems to accommodate for the loss of conditioned air through air leakage. Sealing air leaks and adding insulation can increase occupant thermal comfort and save an average of 10% on annual energy costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Properly insulated homes maintain comfortable indoor temperature and humidity levels and guard against outside noise, pollen, dust, and insects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing a highly insulated building envelope vary depending on the size and orientation of the home, climate, design elements, and the type of insulation and building material. Annual energy savings and incentives offered by the NJ Office of Clean Energy can help offset upfront costs.</p>\n<p>While foam insulation products and installation typically have higher first costs compared to traditional batt insulation, foam insulation has lower life-cycle costs due to reduced construction time for installation, and the avoided costs associated with weatherizing a home (i.e., caulking, house wrapping, vapor barriers) because of its high R-value and tight air barrier.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p>For information about costs for various insulation materials see Home Advisor: Insulation Costs: <a href=\"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/insulation/#closing-article\">https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/insulation/#closing-article</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A properly insulated home offers several essential resiliency benefits. In the event of a power outage, well-insulated homes protect against heat loss in the winter and heat gain in the summer, helping to maintain comfortable internal temperatures for building occupants. Wall assembly systems (with insulating properties) such as precast concrete panels, insulated concrete forms (ICFs), and structural insulated panels (SIPs) offer resistance to hazards such as fire, wind, earthquakes, and floods, and improve indoor environmental quality through resistance to mold.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US DOE: Insulation Fact Sheet. 2008. <a href=\"https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/docs/factSheets/Insulation-FactSheet-2008.pdf\">https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/docs/factSheets/Insulation-FactSheet-2008.pdf</a> (accessed May 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US DOE: Energy Saver. “Insulation” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation</a> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building (RCGB). 2011. “Costs and Benefits of Residential Energy Efficiency Investments.” Prepared for the New Jersey Association of REALTORS® Governmental Research Foundation. Page 21 <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Responsible Energy Codes Alliance (RECA). International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey. <a href=\"https://reca-codes.com/\">https://reca-codes.com</a> (accessed May 4, 2018). Note: IECC Code 2015 is the current adopted NJ Building Code for New Residential Construction in NJ.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Energy Star. Types of Insulation and Skill Leve Required to Install. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers – Types of Insulation. https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation (accessed May 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. 2011. “Costs and Benefits of Residential Energy Efficiency Investments.” Prepared for the New Jersey Association of REALTORS® Governmental Research Foundation. Page 23. <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Ibid, page 24.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Ibid, page 24.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid, page 26.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Ibid, page 26-27.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Energy Star. Seal and Insulate with Energy Star. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Energy Star. Why Seal and Insulate? <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_sealing\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_sealing</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers: Types of Insulation. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance (NJCAA). 2014. The Role of Buildings in Climate Adaptation. Climate Change Preparedness in New Jersey. Page 11. Edited by Jennifer Senick. https://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/resource-pdfs/111-green-bulding/file (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">The Efficient Windows Collaborative: New Jersey Guide</a></li>\n<li>ENERGY STAR\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/publications/pubdocs/DIY_Guide_May_2008.pdf\">A Do-It-Yourself Guide to Sealing and Insulating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate\">Seal and Insulate</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.naima.org/\">North American Insulation Manufacturers Association (NAIMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/ec7b215b-6834-4328-a5c2-47a63f3222e1/downloads/1bob2vu7b_880945.pdf\">Responsible Energy Codes Alliance (RECA) – Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey to Meet the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)</a></li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://hes.lbl.gov/consumer/\">Home Energy Saver Calculator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/insulation-new-home-construction\">Insulation for New Home Construction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ornl.gov/~roofs/Zip/ZipHome.html\">Program to determine recommended insulation levels for a new home based on zip code and building materials</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Energy Recovery Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','1923-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:32:14','2022-04-18 20:32:14','',1923,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1926',0,'revision','',0),(1927,3,'2022-04-18 20:32:18','2022-04-18 20:32:18','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Insulation\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Insulation?</strong></h2>\n<p>Insulation includes material that reduces the amount of heat lost from a building. Properly insulating a new home relates to creating an efficient building envelope. A properly insulated building envelope increases the efficiency of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, reducing energy costs while increasing occupant thermal comfort by acting as a thermal barrier and controlling indoor temperature and humidity levels. For example, in cold and damp basements, adequately insulated foundation walls and floor slabs reduce heating and cooling costs and result in more comfortable below-grade rooms. Insulation also helps prevent problems with moisture, insects, and radon in the home (see<span> </span><em>Radon Mitigation System</em><span> </span>strategy). It is important to note that insulation only helps reduce air and heat flow in the space where it is contained. Therefore it is most effective when the home is also correctly sealed against excess air infiltration (See<span> </span><em>Air Infiltration</em><span> </span><em>Reduction</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Other components of the typical building envelope include windows, doors, walls, roof, and foundation, all of which require different types of insulation.</p>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_387\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"758\"]<img class=\"wp-image-387 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"758\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1. Blown-in cellulose insulation in a home attic. (Source: Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Association).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Insulate</strong></h2>\n<p>A highly insulated building envelope requires an integrated design approach during the pre-design phase of a new home project that views the building as a whole system and coordinates the insulation of all the building elements (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Consider the selection of materials used in the walls, doors, roof, windows and foundation, as well as daylighting strategies, the design of HVAC and electrical systems, and the home’s energy performance goals. For example, a highly insulated building envelope reduces the energy requirements and therefore the size of the home’s HVAC system by minimizing the loss of conditioned air to the outside (see<span> </span><em>Properly Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).</p>\n<p>Insulation ratings refer to R-value or resistance to heat flow.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>An insulation’s material composition and thickness contribute to its R-value. A higher R-value indicates higher expected thermal performance. However, more is not always better, as there is a point of diminishing returns with insulation (i.e., the intersection between cost and energy savings).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Look for<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">Energy Star certified insulation</a><span> </span>tested for performance and safety standards. Compare the R-value of the selected insulation to local and state building code requirements and best practice recommendations for the local climate region. The<span> </span><a href=\"https://reca-codes.com/\">International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey</a><span> </span>provides detailed information about the different climate zones in New Jersey and corresponding insulation standards.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>While fiberglass batt insulation remains popular, a growing number of other insulation options exist (see Table 1). For example, insulated concrete forms (ICFs), insulated pre-cast concrete wall systems and structural insulated panels (SIPs), provide structural support with built-in insulation.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_63\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1206\"]<img class=\"wp-image-63 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Table-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1206\" height=\"1174\" /> Table 1 – Common types of insulation used in residential applications. (Source: Adapted from US DOE Types of Insulation).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Proper installation impacts the R-value of insulation. Homeowners can install some types of insulation, such as batts and rolls, but other types may require professional installation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The US DOE offers the following guidelines when hiring an experienced installer:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain written cost estimates based on R-value from several contractors.</li>\n<li>Ask contractors about air-sealing services and costs.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>For more information on the different types of insulation and on hiring a professional installer, see the <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation\">US DOE: Energy Savers – Types of Insulation</a> and <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">Energy Star</a> websites.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://performance-materials.basf.us/resources/case-studies/id/747\">BASF Near-Zero Energy Home, Paterson, NJ</a></p>\n<p>BASF, a chemical company, constructed a near-zero energy, single-family model home in Paterson, New Jersey. The structure incorporates three types of insulating foam technologies to reduce energy consumption. Additionally, the building uses ENERGY STAR certified, low-e, glazed windows to block solar heat gain while allowing natural daylight into the home. Air-sealing included weather-stripping around windows and doors.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_338\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"578\"]<img class=\"wp-image-338 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Insulation-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – The BASF Near-Zero Energy Home in Paterson, NJ\" width=\"578\" height=\"584\" /> Figure 2 – The BASF Near-Zero Energy Home in Paterson, NJ[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/NJAR-Final-Report-July-2011_submitted.pdf\">Baseline Home vs. Model of Energy Efficient New Home in NJ.</a></p>\n<p>This study investigated the costs and benefits of different residential energy efficiency scenarios, including advanced framing and upgraded insulation, compared to a baseline, single-family detached home.</p>\n<p><em>The basic framing/insulation upgrade</em> used a 2×6 @ 24” on-center advance framing technique. This model upgrade included the following insulation improvements:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Foundation walls insulated with R-20 rigid extruded polystyrene, closed-cell foam insulation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n<li>Above-grade walls insulated with rigid foil-faced isocyanurate, a closed-cell, rigid foam insulation with an R-value of 7 per inch.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Study results showed that the basic framing and insulation upgrade had a lower initial investment ($19k, or 19%) as compared to the baseline and saved approximately $300, or 9% in annual operating costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><em>The enhanced framing/insulation upgrade</em> used Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs) for the foundation walls, Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) in the above-grade walls, upgraded ceiling insulation of R-70 blown-in cellulose, and fiberglass floor insulation with a higher R-value of 49.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>Study results showed that the enhanced framing and insulation upgrade cost less in initial investment ($ 1k) as compared to the baseline and saved approximately $500, or 16% in annual operating costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>An important benefit of a properly insulated new home includes lower costs of mechanical systems. An adequately insulated new home allows for the installation of an appropriately sized HVAC system. Older, poorly insulated buildings often require oversized HVAC systems to accommodate for the loss of conditioned air through air leakage. Sealing air leaks and adding insulation can increase occupant thermal comfort and save an average of 10% on annual energy costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Properly insulated homes maintain comfortable indoor temperature and humidity levels and guard against outside noise, pollen, dust, and insects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing a highly insulated building envelope vary depending on the size and orientation of the home, climate, design elements, and the type of insulation and building material. Annual energy savings and incentives offered by the NJ Office of Clean Energy can help offset upfront costs.</p>\n<p>While foam insulation products and installation typically have higher first costs compared to traditional batt insulation, foam insulation has lower life-cycle costs due to reduced construction time for installation, and the avoided costs associated with weatherizing a home (i.e., caulking, house wrapping, vapor barriers) because of its high R-value and tight air barrier.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p>For information about costs for various insulation materials see Home Advisor: Insulation Costs: <a href=\"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/insulation/#closing-article\">https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/insulation/#closing-article</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A properly insulated home offers several essential resiliency benefits. In the event of a power outage, well-insulated homes protect against heat loss in the winter and heat gain in the summer, helping to maintain comfortable internal temperatures for building occupants. Wall assembly systems (with insulating properties) such as precast concrete panels, insulated concrete forms (ICFs), and structural insulated panels (SIPs) offer resistance to hazards such as fire, wind, earthquakes, and floods, and improve indoor environmental quality through resistance to mold.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US DOE: Insulation Fact Sheet. 2008. <a href=\"https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/docs/factSheets/Insulation-FactSheet-2008.pdf\">https://web.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/docs/factSheets/Insulation-FactSheet-2008.pdf</a> (accessed May 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US DOE: Energy Saver. “Insulation” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation</a> (accessed May 29, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building (RCGB). 2011. “Costs and Benefits of Residential Energy Efficiency Investments.” Prepared for the New Jersey Association of REALTORS® Governmental Research Foundation. Page 21 <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Responsible Energy Codes Alliance (RECA). International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey. <a href=\"https://reca-codes.com/\">https://reca-codes.com</a> (accessed May 4, 2018). Note: IECC Code 2015 is the current adopted NJ Building Code for New Residential Construction in NJ.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Energy Star. Types of Insulation and Skill Leve Required to Install. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_certified_insulation</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers – Types of Insulation. https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation (accessed May 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Rutgers Center for Green Building. 2011. “Costs and Benefits of Residential Energy Efficiency Investments.” Prepared for the New Jersey Association of REALTORS® Governmental Research Foundation. Page 23. <a href=\"http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/\">http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/costs-and-benefits-of-residential-energy-efficiency-investments/</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Ibid, page 24.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Ibid, page 24.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid, page 26.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Ibid, page 26-27.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Energy Star. Seal and Insulate with Energy Star. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Energy Star. Why Seal and Insulate? <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_sealing\">https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_sealing</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers: Types of Insulation. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation</a> (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance (NJCAA). 2014. The Role of Buildings in Climate Adaptation. Climate Change Preparedness in New Jersey. Page 11. Edited by Jennifer Senick. https://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/resource-pdfs/111-green-bulding/file (accessed May 7, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">The Efficient Windows Collaborative: New Jersey Guide</a></li>\n<li>ENERGY STAR\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/publications/pubdocs/DIY_Guide_May_2008.pdf\">A Do-It-Yourself Guide to Sealing and Insulating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_seal_insulate\">Seal and Insulate</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\">NJ’s Clean Energy Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.naima.org/\">North American Insulation Manufacturers Association (NAIMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/ec7b215b-6834-4328-a5c2-47a63f3222e1/downloads/1bob2vu7b_880945.pdf\">Responsible Energy Codes Alliance (RECA) – Compliance Guide for Homes in New Jersey to Meet the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)</a></li>\n<li>US DOE\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://hes.lbl.gov/consumer/\">Home Energy Saver Calculator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/insulation-new-home-construction\">Insulation for New Home Construction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ornl.gov/~roofs/Zip/ZipHome.html\">Program to determine recommended insulation levels for a new home based on zip code and building materials</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Insulation','','inherit','closed','closed','','1923-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:32:18','2022-04-18 20:32:18','',1923,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1927',0,'revision','',0),(1929,3,'2022-04-18 20:33:46','2022-04-18 20:33:46','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"New Residential Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green homes with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing homes. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>The Residential Buildings section includes strategies for new single-family homes. Many of the strategies also pertain to existing single-family homes and support energy-efficient and green home improvement projects that provide resiliency benefits. Whether building a new home or upgrading old systems, new and existing homeowners have the opportunity to select ENERGY STAR equipment, including high-efficiency water heaters, and HVAC equipment. Likewise, all homeowners can incorporate grid back-up capabilities (based on individualized risk factors and site opportunities) and consider storm preparation and planning for disruptive events.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-building-information-modeling-bim/\">Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-composting/\">Composting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-brownfield-and-infill-sites/\">Brownfield and Infill Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-site-protection-plan/\">Site Protection Plan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><strong>Envelope</strong><span></span></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Massing</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Mechanicals and Equipment</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-part-load-efficiency/\">Part-Load Efficiency</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Energy Supply</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-geothermal-heat-pumps/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-green-power/\">Green Power</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Wind Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic Systems (PV)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-geothermal/\">Solar Thermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Re-use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/\">Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-flexible-spaces/\">Flexible Workspaces</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-Toxic Materials</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/\">Erosion Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/\">Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-reflectance-hardscape-materials/\">High Reflectance Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-light-pollution-reduction/\">Light Pollution Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-soil-test/\">Soil Test</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-cool-roofs/\">Cool Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-recovery-systems/\">Energy Recovery Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"5\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','New Residential','','inherit','closed','closed','','1003-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 20:33:46','2022-04-18 20:33:46','',1003,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1929',0,'revision','',0),(1930,2,'2022-04-18 21:31:34','2022-04-18 21:31:34','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What are High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and NLCs?</h2>\n<p>A high-efficiency lighting system integrates daylighting and energy efficient electrical lighting with networked lighting controls (NLCs), to provide a comfortable environment for occupants while reducing energy usage and costs (see <em>Daylighting, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Lighting accounts for 17% of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings and contributes to a building’s cooling load by emitting waste heat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> More stringent building codes, a phasing out of traditional lighting technologies (e.g., incandescents), utility incentives and rebates, and more energy efficient federal standards for lighting applications (e.g., screw-in light bulbs) have helped to drive the market for energy-efficient lighting technologies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>For example, fluorescent and high emitting diodes (HIDs) replaced incandescents, regarding energy efficiency and performance in the same way that LEDs (light emitting diodes) promise to command the commercial building sector, as LED technology and performance advance beyond screw-based fixtures to linear fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Fig 1 shows an OLED (organic light emitting diode), an emerging lighting technology, which utilizes carbon-based materials and can be molded into a variety of thin-profile configurations such as tiles and window-like materials to provide diffuse light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> OLEDs hold the potential to outperform LEDs as the technology commercializes and costs decline. Advances in materials, optics, electronic design, and smart sensors and controls, including lighting technologies paired with networked lighting controls, promise to offer additional performance and efficiency gains and an enhanced occupant experience through daylight harvesting, vacancy sensing, and task tuning. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> By providing a foundation for future applications of the IoT (Internet of Things), networked lighting controls may also hold the potential to create new benefits and functions beyond supplying basic illumination, such as enhanced security, indoor environmental quality monitoring, and remote maintenance and service (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_589\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"616\"]<img class=\"wp-image-589 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficienct-Lighting-Systems-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)\" width=\"616\" height=\"318\" /> Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate a High-Efficiency Lighting System and NCLs?</strong></h2>\n<p>Upgrading to high-efficiency lighting systems and NCLs in existing buildings involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts (s<em>ee Windows and Skylights, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction, and Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</em>). Renovations also provide an opportunity to assess current natural light and electrical lighting levels and identify opportunities for improvement.</p>\n<p>The first step to a high-efficiency lighting upgrade is to conduct a lighting audit or survey that establishes information about all the lighting technologies and consumption patterns in a building. Hire a lighting specialist and/or use <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a> to benchmark energy usage and identify lighting upgrade opportunities. Based on the study, identify suitable replacement solutions including lamps, luminaires, and controls, and devise an implementation program.</p>\n<p>Lighting upgrade guidelines, such as the <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-building-upgrade-manual-chapter-6-lighting\">EnergyStar Building Upgrade Manual Chapter 6: Lighting</a>, provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting and lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>The following provides general best practice guidance on how to optimize daylighting and electrical lighting in existing commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide primary or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n<li>Specify lighting products from the <a href=\"https://www.designlights.org/\">DesignLights Consortium</a> or <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">ENERGY STAR</a> qualified product lists.</li>\n<li>Use vacancy sensors (manual on, automatic off) as opposed to occupancy sensors (automatic on, automatic off) to save energy by requiring occupants to flip a switch if they require additional light.</li>\n<li>Provide adjustable task lighting at individual workspaces to save energy by directing appropriate lighting to specific tasks.</li>\n<li>Incorporate exterior motion sensors to save energy and enhance security and safety.</li>\n<li>Consider photo-luminescent egress signage subject to local fire code.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/published-findings/lighting/tled-lighting-retrofits-with-dedicated-drivers\">GSA Proving Ground – TLED Lighting Retrofits with Dedicated Drives</a></p>\n<p>This case study conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) looked at the energy saving benefits of replacing Linear Fluorescent Lamps (LFLs) with Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lamps and with Advanced Lighting Controls (ALCs), such as dimming and occupancy sensing that do not require modifications to the existing ceiling for installation. The study found LED energy savings ranging from 27%-29% when LEDs replaced T8 LFLs with electronic ballasts.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Supplementing natural daylight with high-efficiency lighting systems and NLCs provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through energy efficiency gains and reduced maintenance and replacement costs through longer-lasting bulbs and fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em>Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced number of toxic chemicals released into the waste stream and reduced light pollution.</li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>High-efficiency lighting design and NLCs should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<p>The table below shows costs for Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaries<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_295\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1212\"]<img class=\"wp-image-295 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficiency-Networked-Lighting-Controls-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries\" width=\"1212\" height=\"482\" /> Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries[/caption]<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives. At the time of this writing, incentives for lighting controls range from $20-$45 per fixture. The incentives for performance lighting are $1.00 per watt below the allowable wattage as determined by ASHRAE 90.1-2013 baseline and $30 per eligible fixture. Prescriptive lighting incentives range from $5 to $150 per fixture.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing high-efficiency lighting and NCLs provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Daylit-optimized buildings paired with high-efficiency lighting systems and built-in backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. (WBDG). Energy Efficient Lighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php</a> (accessed May 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. CBECS 2012 – Trends in Lighting in Commercial Buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) requires general service lighting products sold as of January 1, 2020, to have an efficacy of at least 45 lumens per watt.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US DOE. 2017. OLED Basics. Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Iain Campbell et al. 2017. “A New Way to Think About Office Lighting.” Harvard Business Review. Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) Buildings Program. <a href=\"https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting\">https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119123555/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers. “Purchasing Energy-Efficient Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaires.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires</a> (accessed May 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> The Best Available Model category is calculated based on the most efficient model in the database collected from manufacturers as of February 2017.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> The Required Model category is calculated based on new FEMP designated efficiency requirements. Federal agencies must purchase products that meet or exceed FEMP designated efficiency requirements.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> The Less Efficient Model category is calculated based on the previous FEMP requirement for this product type.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?fromSir=0&amp;state=NJ\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.designlights.org\">DesignLights Consortium</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org\">Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iald.org\">International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://lightingpatternsforhealthybuildings.org\">Lighting Research Center, Lighting Patterns for Healthy Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nglia.org\">Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>General Service Administration (GSA)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/about-gsa%E2%80%99s-proving-ground-gpg\">Proving Ground</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov\">Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ’s Clean Energy Program</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">Commercial and Industrial Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">Lighting Incentives</a> (See Performance Lighting and Prescriptive Lighting)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/savings/search?keyword=lighting&amp;f%5B0%5D=im_field_rebate_state%3A860091\">Tax Credits, Rebates, and Savings (Lighting, New Jersey)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/solid-state-lighting\">US DOE – The Building Technologies Office’s Solid-State Lighting Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php?r=minimize_consumption\">Energy Efficient Lighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/electric-lighting-controls\">Electric Lighting Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls','','','2022-06-23 17:58:17','2022-06-23 17:58:17','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1930',0,'post','',0),(1931,2,'2022-04-18 21:27:06','2022-04-18 21:27:06','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1930-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 21:27:06','2022-04-18 21:27:06','',1930,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1931',0,'revision','',0),(1933,2,'2022-04-18 21:31:34','2022-04-18 21:31:34','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and NLCs?</h2>\n<p>A high-efficiency lighting system integrates daylighting and energy efficient electrical lighting with networked lighting controls (NLCs), to provide a comfortable environment for occupants while reducing energy usage and costs (see <em>Daylighting, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Lighting accounts for 17% of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings and contributes to a building’s cooling load by emitting waste heat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> More stringent building codes, a phasing out of traditional lighting technologies (e.g., incandescents), utility incentives and rebates, and more energy efficient federal standards for lighting applications (e.g., screw-in light bulbs) have helped to drive the market for energy-efficient lighting technologies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>For example, fluorescent and high emitting diodes (HIDs) replaced incandescents, regarding energy efficiency and performance in the same way that LEDs (light emitting diodes) promise to command the commercial building sector, as LED technology and performance advance beyond screw-based fixtures to linear fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Fig 1 shows an OLED (organic light emitting diode), an emerging lighting technology, which utilizes carbon-based materials and can be molded into a variety of thin-profile configurations such as tiles and window-like materials to provide diffuse light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> OLEDs hold the potential to outperform LEDs as the technology commercializes and costs decline. Advances in materials, optics, electronic design, and smart sensors and controls, including lighting technologies paired with networked lighting controls, promise to offer additional performance and efficiency gains and an enhanced occupant experience through daylight harvesting, vacancy sensing, and task tuning. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> By providing a foundation for future applications of the IoT (Internet of Things), networked lighting controls may also hold the potential to create new benefits and functions beyond supplying basic illumination, such as enhanced security, indoor environmental quality monitoring, and remote maintenance and service (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_589\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"616\"]<img class=\"wp-image-589 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficienct-Lighting-Systems-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)\" width=\"616\" height=\"318\" /> Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate a High-Efficiency Lighting System and NCLs?</strong></h2>\n<p>Upgrading to high-efficiency lighting systems and NCLs in existing buildings involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts (s<em>ee Windows and Skylights, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction, and Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</em>). Renovations also provide an opportunity to assess current natural light and electrical lighting levels and identify opportunities for improvement.</p>\n<p>The first step to a high-efficiency lighting upgrade is to conduct a lighting audit or survey that establishes information about all the lighting technologies and consumption patterns in a building. Hire a lighting specialist and/or use <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a> to benchmark energy usage and identify lighting upgrade opportunities. Based on the study, identify suitable replacement solutions including lamps, luminaires, and controls, and devise an implementation program.</p>\n<p>Lighting upgrade guidelines, such as the <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-building-upgrade-manual-chapter-6-lighting\">EnergyStar Building Upgrade Manual Chapter 6: Lighting</a>, provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting and lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>The following provides general best practice guidance on how to optimize daylighting and electrical lighting in existing commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide primary or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n<li>Specify lighting products from the <a href=\"https://www.designlights.org/\">DesignLights Consortium</a> or <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">ENERGY STAR</a> qualified product lists.</li>\n<li>Use vacancy sensors (manual on, automatic off) as opposed to occupancy sensors (automatic on, automatic off) to save energy by requiring occupants to flip a switch if they require additional light.</li>\n<li>Provide adjustable task lighting at individual workspaces to save energy by directing appropriate lighting to specific tasks.</li>\n<li>Incorporate exterior motion sensors to save energy and enhance security and safety.</li>\n<li>Consider photo-luminescent egress signage subject to local fire code.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/published-findings/lighting/tled-lighting-retrofits-with-dedicated-drivers\">GSA Proving Ground – TLED Lighting Retrofits with Dedicated Drives</a></p>\n<p>This case study conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) looked at the energy saving benefits of replacing Linear Fluorescent Lamps (LFLs) with Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lamps and with Advanced Lighting Controls (ALCs), such as dimming and occupancy sensing that do not require modifications to the existing ceiling for installation. The study found LED energy savings ranging from 27%-29% when LEDs replaced T8 LFLs with electronic ballasts.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Supplementing natural daylight with high-efficiency lighting systems and NLCs provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through energy efficiency gains and reduced maintenance and replacement costs through longer-lasting bulbs and fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em>Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced number of toxic chemicals released into the waste stream and reduced light pollution.</li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>High-efficiency lighting design and NLCs should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<p>The table below shows costs for Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaries<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_295\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1212\"]<img class=\"wp-image-295 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficiency-Networked-Lighting-Controls-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries\" width=\"1212\" height=\"482\" /> Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries[/caption]<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives. At the time of this writing, incentives for lighting controls range from $20-$45 per fixture. The incentives for performance lighting are $1.00 per watt below the allowable wattage as determined by ASHRAE 90.1-2013 baseline and $30 per eligible fixture. Prescriptive lighting incentives range from $5 to $150 per fixture.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing high-efficiency lighting and NCLs provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Daylit-optimized buildings paired with high-efficiency lighting systems and built-in backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. (WBDG). Energy Efficient Lighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php</a> (accessed May 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. CBECS 2012 – Trends in Lighting in Commercial Buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) requires general service lighting products sold as of January 1, 2020, to have an efficacy of at least 45 lumens per watt.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US DOE. 2017. OLED Basics. Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Iain Campbell et al. 2017. “A New Way to Think About Office Lighting.” Harvard Business Review. Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) Buildings Program. <a href=\"https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting\">https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers. “Purchasing Energy-Efficient Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaires.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires</a> (accessed May 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> The Best Available Model category is calculated based on the most efficient model in the database collected from manufacturers as of February 2017.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> The Required Model category is calculated based on new FEMP designated efficiency requirements. Federal agencies must purchase products that meet or exceed FEMP designated efficiency requirements.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> The Less Efficient Model category is calculated based on the previous FEMP requirement for this product type.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?fromSir=0&amp;state=NJ\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.designlights.org\">DesignLights Consortium</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org\">Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iald.org\">International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://lightingpatternsforhealthybuildings.org\">Lighting Research Center, Lighting Patterns for Healthy Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nglia.org\">Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>General Service Administration (GSA)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/about-gsa%E2%80%99s-proving-ground-gpg\">Proving Ground</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov\">Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ’s Clean Energy Program</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">Commercial and Industrial Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">Lighting Incentives</a> (See Performance Lighting and Prescriptive Lighting)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/savings/search?keyword=lighting&amp;f%5B0%5D=im_field_rebate_state%3A860091\">Tax Credits, Rebates, and Savings (Lighting, New Jersey)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/solid-state-lighting\">US DOE – The Building Technologies Office’s Solid-State Lighting Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php?r=minimize_consumption\">Energy Efficient Lighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/electric-lighting-controls\">Electric Lighting Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls','','inherit','closed','closed','','1930-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 21:31:34','2022-04-18 21:31:34','',1930,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1933',0,'revision','',0),(1934,2,'2022-04-18 21:31:34','2022-04-18 21:31:34','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and NLCs?</h2>\n<p>A high-efficiency lighting system integrates daylighting and energy efficient electrical lighting with networked lighting controls (NLCs), to provide a comfortable environment for occupants while reducing energy usage and costs (see <em>Daylighting, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Lighting accounts for 17% of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings and contributes to a building’s cooling load by emitting waste heat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> More stringent building codes, a phasing out of traditional lighting technologies (e.g., incandescents), utility incentives and rebates, and more energy efficient federal standards for lighting applications (e.g., screw-in light bulbs) have helped to drive the market for energy-efficient lighting technologies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>For example, fluorescent and high emitting diodes (HIDs) replaced incandescents, regarding energy efficiency and performance in the same way that LEDs (light emitting diodes) promise to command the commercial building sector, as LED technology and performance advance beyond screw-based fixtures to linear fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Fig 1 shows an OLED (organic light emitting diode), an emerging lighting technology, which utilizes carbon-based materials and can be molded into a variety of thin-profile configurations such as tiles and window-like materials to provide diffuse light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> OLEDs hold the potential to outperform LEDs as the technology commercializes and costs decline. Advances in materials, optics, electronic design, and smart sensors and controls, including lighting technologies paired with networked lighting controls, promise to offer additional performance and efficiency gains and an enhanced occupant experience through daylight harvesting, vacancy sensing, and task tuning. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> By providing a foundation for future applications of the IoT (Internet of Things), networked lighting controls may also hold the potential to create new benefits and functions beyond supplying basic illumination, such as enhanced security, indoor environmental quality monitoring, and remote maintenance and service (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_589\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"616\"]<img class=\"wp-image-589 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficienct-Lighting-Systems-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)\" width=\"616\" height=\"318\" /> Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate a High-Efficiency Lighting System and NCLs?</strong></h2>\n<p>Upgrading to high-efficiency lighting systems and NCLs in existing buildings involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts (s<em>ee Windows and Skylights, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction, and Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</em>). Renovations also provide an opportunity to assess current natural light and electrical lighting levels and identify opportunities for improvement.</p>\n<p>The first step to a high-efficiency lighting upgrade is to conduct a lighting audit or survey that establishes information about all the lighting technologies and consumption patterns in a building. Hire a lighting specialist and/or use <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a> to benchmark energy usage and identify lighting upgrade opportunities. Based on the study, identify suitable replacement solutions including lamps, luminaires, and controls, and devise an implementation program.</p>\n<p>Lighting upgrade guidelines, such as the <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-building-upgrade-manual-chapter-6-lighting\">EnergyStar Building Upgrade Manual Chapter 6: Lighting</a>, provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting and lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>The following provides general best practice guidance on how to optimize daylighting and electrical lighting in existing commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide primary or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n<li>Specify lighting products from the <a href=\"https://www.designlights.org/\">DesignLights Consortium</a> or <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">ENERGY STAR</a> qualified product lists.</li>\n<li>Use vacancy sensors (manual on, automatic off) as opposed to occupancy sensors (automatic on, automatic off) to save energy by requiring occupants to flip a switch if they require additional light.</li>\n<li>Provide adjustable task lighting at individual workspaces to save energy by directing appropriate lighting to specific tasks.</li>\n<li>Incorporate exterior motion sensors to save energy and enhance security and safety.</li>\n<li>Consider photo-luminescent egress signage subject to local fire code.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/published-findings/lighting/tled-lighting-retrofits-with-dedicated-drivers\">GSA Proving Ground – TLED Lighting Retrofits with Dedicated Drives</a></p>\n<p>This case study conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) looked at the energy saving benefits of replacing Linear Fluorescent Lamps (LFLs) with Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lamps and with Advanced Lighting Controls (ALCs), such as dimming and occupancy sensing that do not require modifications to the existing ceiling for installation. The study found LED energy savings ranging from 27%-29% when LEDs replaced T8 LFLs with electronic ballasts.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Supplementing natural daylight with high-efficiency lighting systems and NLCs provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through energy efficiency gains and reduced maintenance and replacement costs through longer-lasting bulbs and fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em>Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced number of toxic chemicals released into the waste stream and reduced light pollution.</li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>High-efficiency lighting design and NLCs should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<p>The table below shows costs for Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaries<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_295\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1212\"]<img class=\"wp-image-295 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficiency-Networked-Lighting-Controls-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries\" width=\"1212\" height=\"482\" /> Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries[/caption]<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives. At the time of this writing, incentives for lighting controls range from $20-$45 per fixture. The incentives for performance lighting are $1.00 per watt below the allowable wattage as determined by ASHRAE 90.1-2013 baseline and $30 per eligible fixture. Prescriptive lighting incentives range from $5 to $150 per fixture.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing high-efficiency lighting and NCLs provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Daylit-optimized buildings paired with high-efficiency lighting systems and built-in backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. (WBDG). Energy Efficient Lighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php</a> (accessed May 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. CBECS 2012 – Trends in Lighting in Commercial Buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) requires general service lighting products sold as of January 1, 2020, to have an efficacy of at least 45 lumens per watt.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US DOE. 2017. OLED Basics. Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Iain Campbell et al. 2017. “A New Way to Think About Office Lighting.” Harvard Business Review. Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) Buildings Program. <a href=\"https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting\">https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers. “Purchasing Energy-Efficient Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaires.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires</a> (accessed May 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> The Best Available Model category is calculated based on the most efficient model in the database collected from manufacturers as of February 2017.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> The Required Model category is calculated based on new FEMP designated efficiency requirements. Federal agencies must purchase products that meet or exceed FEMP designated efficiency requirements.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> The Less Efficient Model category is calculated based on the previous FEMP requirement for this product type.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?fromSir=0&amp;state=NJ\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.designlights.org\">DesignLights Consortium</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org\">Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iald.org\">International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://lightingpatternsforhealthybuildings.org\">Lighting Research Center, Lighting Patterns for Healthy Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nglia.org\">Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>General Service Administration (GSA)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/about-gsa%E2%80%99s-proving-ground-gpg\">Proving Ground</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov\">Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ’s Clean Energy Program</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">Commercial and Industrial Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">Lighting Incentives</a> (See Performance Lighting and Prescriptive Lighting)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/savings/search?keyword=lighting&amp;f%5B0%5D=im_field_rebate_state%3A860091\">Tax Credits, Rebates, and Savings (Lighting, New Jersey)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/solid-state-lighting\">US DOE – The Building Technologies Office’s Solid-State Lighting Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php?r=minimize_consumption\">Energy Efficient Lighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/electric-lighting-controls\">Electric Lighting Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1930-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 21:31:34','2022-04-18 21:31:34','',1930,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1934',0,'revision','',0),(1936,2,'2022-04-18 21:31:37','2022-04-18 21:31:37','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and NLCs?</h2>\n<p>A high-efficiency lighting system integrates daylighting and energy efficient electrical lighting with networked lighting controls (NLCs), to provide a comfortable environment for occupants while reducing energy usage and costs (see <em>Daylighting, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Lighting accounts for 17% of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings and contributes to a building’s cooling load by emitting waste heat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> More stringent building codes, a phasing out of traditional lighting technologies (e.g., incandescents), utility incentives and rebates, and more energy efficient federal standards for lighting applications (e.g., screw-in light bulbs) have helped to drive the market for energy-efficient lighting technologies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>For example, fluorescent and high emitting diodes (HIDs) replaced incandescents, regarding energy efficiency and performance in the same way that LEDs (light emitting diodes) promise to command the commercial building sector, as LED technology and performance advance beyond screw-based fixtures to linear fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Fig 1 shows an OLED (organic light emitting diode), an emerging lighting technology, which utilizes carbon-based materials and can be molded into a variety of thin-profile configurations such as tiles and window-like materials to provide diffuse light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> OLEDs hold the potential to outperform LEDs as the technology commercializes and costs decline. Advances in materials, optics, electronic design, and smart sensors and controls, including lighting technologies paired with networked lighting controls, promise to offer additional performance and efficiency gains and an enhanced occupant experience through daylight harvesting, vacancy sensing, and task tuning. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> By providing a foundation for future applications of the IoT (Internet of Things), networked lighting controls may also hold the potential to create new benefits and functions beyond supplying basic illumination, such as enhanced security, indoor environmental quality monitoring, and remote maintenance and service (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_589\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"616\"]<img class=\"wp-image-589 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficienct-Lighting-Systems-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)\" width=\"616\" height=\"318\" /> Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate a High-Efficiency Lighting System and NCLs?</strong></h2>\n<p>Upgrading to high-efficiency lighting systems and NCLs in existing buildings involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts (s<em>ee Windows and Skylights, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction, and Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</em>). Renovations also provide an opportunity to assess current natural light and electrical lighting levels and identify opportunities for improvement.</p>\n<p>The first step to a high-efficiency lighting upgrade is to conduct a lighting audit or survey that establishes information about all the lighting technologies and consumption patterns in a building. Hire a lighting specialist and/or use <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a> to benchmark energy usage and identify lighting upgrade opportunities. Based on the study, identify suitable replacement solutions including lamps, luminaires, and controls, and devise an implementation program.</p>\n<p>Lighting upgrade guidelines, such as the <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-building-upgrade-manual-chapter-6-lighting\">EnergyStar Building Upgrade Manual Chapter 6: Lighting</a>, provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting and lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>The following provides general best practice guidance on how to optimize daylighting and electrical lighting in existing commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide primary or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n<li>Specify lighting products from the <a href=\"https://www.designlights.org/\">DesignLights Consortium</a> or <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">ENERGY STAR</a> qualified product lists.</li>\n<li>Use vacancy sensors (manual on, automatic off) as opposed to occupancy sensors (automatic on, automatic off) to save energy by requiring occupants to flip a switch if they require additional light.</li>\n<li>Provide adjustable task lighting at individual workspaces to save energy by directing appropriate lighting to specific tasks.</li>\n<li>Incorporate exterior motion sensors to save energy and enhance security and safety.</li>\n<li>Consider photo-luminescent egress signage subject to local fire code.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/published-findings/lighting/tled-lighting-retrofits-with-dedicated-drivers\">GSA Proving Ground – TLED Lighting Retrofits with Dedicated Drives</a></p>\n<p>This case study conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) looked at the energy saving benefits of replacing Linear Fluorescent Lamps (LFLs) with Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lamps and with Advanced Lighting Controls (ALCs), such as dimming and occupancy sensing that do not require modifications to the existing ceiling for installation. The study found LED energy savings ranging from 27%-29% when LEDs replaced T8 LFLs with electronic ballasts.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Supplementing natural daylight with high-efficiency lighting systems and NLCs provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through energy efficiency gains and reduced maintenance and replacement costs through longer-lasting bulbs and fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em>Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced number of toxic chemicals released into the waste stream and reduced light pollution.</li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>High-efficiency lighting design and NLCs should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<p>The table below shows costs for Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaries<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_295\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1212\"]<img class=\"wp-image-295 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficiency-Networked-Lighting-Controls-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries\" width=\"1212\" height=\"482\" /> Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries[/caption]<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives. At the time of this writing, incentives for lighting controls range from $20-$45 per fixture. The incentives for performance lighting are $1.00 per watt below the allowable wattage as determined by ASHRAE 90.1-2013 baseline and $30 per eligible fixture. Prescriptive lighting incentives range from $5 to $150 per fixture.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing high-efficiency lighting and NCLs provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Daylit-optimized buildings paired with high-efficiency lighting systems and built-in backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. (WBDG). Energy Efficient Lighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php</a> (accessed May 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. CBECS 2012 – Trends in Lighting in Commercial Buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) requires general service lighting products sold as of January 1, 2020, to have an efficacy of at least 45 lumens per watt.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US DOE. 2017. OLED Basics. Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Iain Campbell et al. 2017. “A New Way to Think About Office Lighting.” Harvard Business Review. Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) Buildings Program. <a href=\"https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting\">https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers. “Purchasing Energy-Efficient Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaires.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires</a> (accessed May 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> The Best Available Model category is calculated based on the most efficient model in the database collected from manufacturers as of February 2017.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> The Required Model category is calculated based on new FEMP designated efficiency requirements. Federal agencies must purchase products that meet or exceed FEMP designated efficiency requirements.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> The Less Efficient Model category is calculated based on the previous FEMP requirement for this product type.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?fromSir=0&amp;state=NJ\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.designlights.org\">DesignLights Consortium</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org\">Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iald.org\">International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://lightingpatternsforhealthybuildings.org\">Lighting Research Center, Lighting Patterns for Healthy Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nglia.org\">Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>General Service Administration (GSA)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/about-gsa%E2%80%99s-proving-ground-gpg\">Proving Ground</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov\">Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ’s Clean Energy Program</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">Commercial and Industrial Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">Lighting Incentives</a> (See Performance Lighting and Prescriptive Lighting)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/savings/search?keyword=lighting&amp;f%5B0%5D=im_field_rebate_state%3A860091\">Tax Credits, Rebates, and Savings (Lighting, New Jersey)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/solid-state-lighting\">US DOE – The Building Technologies Office’s Solid-State Lighting Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php?r=minimize_consumption\">Energy Efficient Lighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/electric-lighting-controls\">Electric Lighting Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls','','inherit','closed','closed','','1930-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 21:31:37','2022-04-18 21:31:37','',1930,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1936',0,'revision','',0),(1937,2,'2022-04-18 21:34:31','2022-04-18 21:34:31','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Light Pollution Reduction\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Light Pollution?</strong></h2>\n<p>Light pollution refers to noticeable artificial light at night (ALAN), an unwelcome by-product of excessive outdoor lighting, especially vertical illuminance that includes such effects as skyglow, the brightening of the night sky, light trespass, the spilling of light beyond a property or intended lighting boundary, and glare, the obtrusive brightness of light viewed against an unlit background.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> The commercial building sector contributes to light pollution through a variety of sources, including advertising lighting, architectural and landscape lighting, interior nighttime lighting, and security lighting.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_337\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"480\"]<img class=\"wp-image-337 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Light-Pollution-Reduction-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Downlighting from a commercial building (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrhayata/321358583/sizes/m/in/p)\" width=\"480\" height=\"654\" /> Figure 1 – Downlighting from a commercial building (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrhayata/321358583/sizes/m/in/p)[/caption]<p>The following includes a list of several negative impacts of light pollution.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Interferes with wildlife migratory and breeding patterns, impacting nighttime ecosystems and biodiversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></li>\n<li>Wastes energy and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.</li>\n<li>Leads to glare issues and unsafe driving conditions, particularly for older motorists.</li>\n<li>Impacts human metabolism and disrupts sleep through constant exposure to artificial light, particularly light from the blue end of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></li>\n<li>Reduces ability to view stars and interferes with astronomical observatories. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></li>\n<li>Causes a nuisance to neighboring properties by casting unwanted nighttime glare into windows.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to reduce light pollution? </strong></h2>\n<p>The first steps to reducing light pollution are to evaluate the outdoor lighting requirements of a particular location (i.e., aesthetics, security, or utility), to eliminate unnecessary lighting, and to strategically place energy-efficient lighting and controls to meet the remaining lighting requirements (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</em>).</p>\n<p>Downlighting refers to a lighting strategy that directs light down and only lights the predetermined area; therefore reducing light pollution. Technologies to reduce light pollution also include full cutoff luminaires, low-reflectance surfaces, and low-angle spotlights. Cutoff luminaires have no direct uplight, help eliminate glare, and efficiently direct lighting down to the predetermined area.</p>\n<p>General guidelines for efficient outdoor lighting include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider location and surrounding areas during the lighting design, and select luminaires, locations, and orientations that minimize light trespass onto adjacent properties.</li>\n<li>Replace traditional HIDs (high-intensity discharge) luminaires and lamps, including high-pressure sodium and metal halide lamps, with <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">EnergyStar</a> certified outdoor LEDs.</li>\n<li>Consider installing solar powered outdoor LED lights for outdoor pathways.</li>\n<li>Aim floodlight angles low so that the entire beam falls within the intended lighted area and direct light downward whenever possible.</li>\n<li>Use well-shielded luminaires and lamps, and other control devices when up-lighting is required to maximize the efficiency of the light source (e.g., reflectors, deflectors, and covers).</li>\n<li>Couple outdoor lightings systems, with lighting controls such as motion detectors, photosensors, and schedule controls, to enhance an energy efficiency and security.</li>\n<li>Adjust timers to the minimum period necessary and dim or switch lights off when not needed to save energy and cut electric bills.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>For project specific advice, consult the <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200725012444/https://www.ies.org/standards/ies-lighting-library/\">Illuminating Engineering Society’s</a> lighting design guides, which provide lighting professionals with standards and recommended best practices for a variety of lighting applications.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Efficient outdoor lighting design helps to reduce light pollution, and its associated adverse effects including wasted energy reduced nighttime visibility for astronomers and scientists, disruption of nocturnal wildlife and ecology, and impacts on human health and well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The costs of implementing lighting designs and technologies that reduce light pollution vary depending on the selection of lighting sources, fixtures, and controls. Effective and efficient outdoor lighting solutions are not always the least expensive option, but as with any comprehensive cost evaluation, operating costs, including energy savings, lifetime performance, and maintenance, are essential factors to consider.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Reducing light pollution provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Outdoor lighting designs that supplement solar-powered LED lighting technologies for a portion of regular lighting requirements (e.g., pedestrian pathways) and plan for backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> The Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/transportation/pdf/lightPollution/Seminarpresentation.pdf\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/transportation/pdf/lightPollution/Seminarpresentation.pdf</a> (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Gaston KJ, Visser ME, Ho ̈lker F. 2015 The biological impacts of artificial light at night: the research challenge. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 370: 20140133. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0133\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0133</a> (accessed Dec 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Illuminating Engineering Society, International Dark Sky Association.  <em>Model Lighting Ordinance. </em><a href=\"http://darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/16_MLO_FINAL_JUNE2011.PDF\">http://darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/16_MLO_FINAL_JUNE2011.PDF</a> (accessed October 22, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Cornell University, Astronomy Department. 2018. “Ask an Astronomer: How does light pollution affect astronomers?” <a href=\"http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/116-observational-astronomy/stargazing/professional-observers/712-how-does-light-pollution-affect-astronomers-intermediate\">http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/116-observational-astronomy/stargazing/professional-observers/712-how-does-light-pollution-affect-astronomers-intermediate</a> (accessed Dec 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">3</a> LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/leed\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/LEED%20v4%20BDC_07.2.18_current.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct. 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[5]</a> International Dark-Sky Association. <em>Light Pollution.</em> <a href=\"http://darksky.org/light-pollution/\">http://darksky.org/light-pollution/</a>  (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[6]</a> Illuminating Engineering Society. <em>IES Lighting Handbook, 10<sup>th</sup> Edition.</em> <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170607025145/https://www.ies.org/handbook/DiLaura/Introduction%20to%20the%20IES%20Handbook%20PDF.pdf\">https://www.ies.org/handbook/DiLaura/Introduction%20to%20the%20IES%20Handbook%20PDF.pdf</a>  (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.darksky.org\">International Dark-Sky Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.cost-lonne.eu\">Loss of the Night Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaa.org/\">NJ Astronomical Association</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Light Pollution Reduction','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-light-pollution-reduction','','','2022-06-23 19:13:13','2022-06-23 19:13:13','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1937',0,'post','',0),(1938,2,'2022-04-18 21:32:10','2022-04-18 21:32:10','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1937-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 21:32:10','2022-04-18 21:32:10','',1937,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1938',0,'revision','',0),(1940,2,'2022-04-18 21:34:31','2022-04-18 21:34:31','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Light Pollution Reduction\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Light Pollution?</strong></h2>\n<p>Light pollution refers to noticeable artificial light at night (ALAN), an unwelcome by-product of excessive outdoor lighting, especially vertical illuminance that includes such effects as skyglow, the brightening of the night sky, light trespass, the spilling of light beyond a property or intended lighting boundary, and glare, the obtrusive brightness of light viewed against an unlit background.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> The commercial building sector contributes to light pollution through a variety of sources, including advertising lighting, architectural and landscape lighting, interior nighttime lighting, and security lighting.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_337\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"480\"]<img class=\"wp-image-337 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Light-Pollution-Reduction-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Downlighting from a commercial building (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrhayata/321358583/sizes/m/in/p)\" width=\"480\" height=\"654\" /> Figure 1 – Downlighting from a commercial building (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrhayata/321358583/sizes/m/in/p)[/caption]<p>The following includes a list of several negative impacts of light pollution.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Interferes with wildlife migratory and breeding patterns, impacting nighttime ecosystems and biodiversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></li>\n<li>Wastes energy and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.</li>\n<li>Leads to glare issues and unsafe driving conditions, particularly for older motorists.</li>\n<li>Impacts human metabolism and disrupts sleep through constant exposure to artificial light, particularly light from the blue end of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></li>\n<li>Reduces ability to view stars and interferes with astronomical observatories. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></li>\n<li>Causes a nuisance to neighboring properties by casting unwanted nighttime glare into windows.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to reduce light pollution? </strong></h2>\n<p>The first steps to reducing light pollution are to evaluate the outdoor lighting requirements of a particular location (i.e., aesthetics, security, or utility), to eliminate unnecessary lighting, and to strategically place energy-efficient lighting and controls to meet the remaining lighting requirements (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</em>).</p>\n<p>Downlighting refers to a lighting strategy that directs light down and only lights the predetermined area; therefore reducing light pollution. Technologies to reduce light pollution also include full cutoff luminaires, low-reflectance surfaces, and low-angle spotlights. Cutoff luminaires have no direct uplight, help eliminate glare, and efficiently direct lighting down to the predetermined area.</p>\n<p>General guidelines for efficient outdoor lighting include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider location and surrounding areas during the lighting design, and select luminaires, locations, and orientations that minimize light trespass onto adjacent properties.</li>\n<li>Replace traditional HIDs (high-intensity discharge) luminaires and lamps, including high-pressure sodium and metal halide lamps, with <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">EnergyStar</a> certified outdoor LEDs.</li>\n<li>Consider installing solar powered outdoor LED lights for outdoor pathways.</li>\n<li>Aim floodlight angles low so that the entire beam falls within the intended lighted area and direct light downward whenever possible.</li>\n<li>Use well-shielded luminaires and lamps, and other control devices when up-lighting is required to maximize the efficiency of the light source (e.g., reflectors, deflectors, and covers).</li>\n<li>Couple outdoor lightings systems, with lighting controls such as motion detectors, photosensors, and schedule controls, to enhance an energy efficiency and security.</li>\n<li>Adjust timers to the minimum period necessary and dim or switch lights off when not needed to save energy and cut electric bills.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>For project specific advice, consult the <a href=\"https://www.ies.org/standards/ies-lighting-library/\">Illuminating Engineering Society’s</a> lighting design guides, which provide lighting professionals with standards and recommended best practices for a variety of lighting applications.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Efficient outdoor lighting design helps to reduce light pollution, and its associated adverse effects including wasted energy reduced nighttime visibility for astronomers and scientists, disruption of nocturnal wildlife and ecology, and impacts on human health and well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The costs of implementing lighting designs and technologies that reduce light pollution vary depending on the selection of lighting sources, fixtures, and controls. Effective and efficient outdoor lighting solutions are not always the least expensive option, but as with any comprehensive cost evaluation, operating costs, including energy savings, lifetime performance, and maintenance, are essential factors to consider.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Reducing light pollution provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Outdoor lighting designs that supplement solar-powered LED lighting technologies for a portion of regular lighting requirements (e.g., pedestrian pathways) and plan for backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> The Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/transportation/pdf/lightPollution/Seminarpresentation.pdf\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/transportation/pdf/lightPollution/Seminarpresentation.pdf</a> (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Gaston KJ, Visser ME, Ho ̈lker F. 2015 The biological impacts of artificial light at night: the research challenge. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 370: 20140133. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0133\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0133</a> (accessed Dec 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Illuminating Engineering Society, International Dark Sky Association.  <em>Model Lighting Ordinance. </em><a href=\"http://darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/16_MLO_FINAL_JUNE2011.PDF\">http://darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/16_MLO_FINAL_JUNE2011.PDF</a> (accessed October 22, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Cornell University, Astronomy Department. 2018. “Ask an Astronomer: How does light pollution affect astronomers?” <a href=\"http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/116-observational-astronomy/stargazing/professional-observers/712-how-does-light-pollution-affect-astronomers-intermediate\">http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/116-observational-astronomy/stargazing/professional-observers/712-how-does-light-pollution-affect-astronomers-intermediate</a> (accessed Dec 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">3</a> LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/LEED%20v4%20BDC_07.2.18_current.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/LEED%20v4%20BDC_07.2.18_current.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct. 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[5]</a> International Dark-Sky Association. <em>Light Pollution.</em> <a href=\"http://darksky.org/light-pollution/\">http://darksky.org/light-pollution/</a>  (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[6]</a> Illuminating Engineering Society. <em>IES Lighting Handbook, 10<sup>th</sup> Edition.</em> <a href=\"https://www.ies.org/handbook/DiLaura/Introduction%20to%20the%20IES%20Handbook%20PDF.pdf\">https://www.ies.org/handbook/DiLaura/Introduction%20to%20the%20IES%20Handbook%20PDF.pdf</a>  (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.darksky.org\">International Dark-Sky Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.cost-lonne.eu\">Loss of the Night Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaa.org/\">NJ Astronomical Association</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Light Pollution Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1937-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 21:34:31','2022-04-18 21:34:31','',1937,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1940',0,'revision','',0),(1941,2,'2022-04-18 21:34:31','2022-04-18 21:34:31','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Light Pollution Reduction\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Light Pollution?</strong></h2>\n<p>Light pollution refers to noticeable artificial light at night (ALAN), an unwelcome by-product of excessive outdoor lighting, especially vertical illuminance that includes such effects as skyglow, the brightening of the night sky, light trespass, the spilling of light beyond a property or intended lighting boundary, and glare, the obtrusive brightness of light viewed against an unlit background.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> The commercial building sector contributes to light pollution through a variety of sources, including advertising lighting, architectural and landscape lighting, interior nighttime lighting, and security lighting.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_337\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"480\"]<img class=\"wp-image-337 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Light-Pollution-Reduction-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Downlighting from a commercial building (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrhayata/321358583/sizes/m/in/p)\" width=\"480\" height=\"654\" /> Figure 1 – Downlighting from a commercial building (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrhayata/321358583/sizes/m/in/p)[/caption]<p>The following includes a list of several negative impacts of light pollution.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Interferes with wildlife migratory and breeding patterns, impacting nighttime ecosystems and biodiversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></li>\n<li>Wastes energy and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.</li>\n<li>Leads to glare issues and unsafe driving conditions, particularly for older motorists.</li>\n<li>Impacts human metabolism and disrupts sleep through constant exposure to artificial light, particularly light from the blue end of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></li>\n<li>Reduces ability to view stars and interferes with astronomical observatories. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></li>\n<li>Causes a nuisance to neighboring properties by casting unwanted nighttime glare into windows.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to reduce light pollution? </strong></h2>\n<p>The first steps to reducing light pollution are to evaluate the outdoor lighting requirements of a particular location (i.e., aesthetics, security, or utility), to eliminate unnecessary lighting, and to strategically place energy-efficient lighting and controls to meet the remaining lighting requirements (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</em>).</p>\n<p>Downlighting refers to a lighting strategy that directs light down and only lights the predetermined area; therefore reducing light pollution. Technologies to reduce light pollution also include full cutoff luminaires, low-reflectance surfaces, and low-angle spotlights. Cutoff luminaires have no direct uplight, help eliminate glare, and efficiently direct lighting down to the predetermined area.</p>\n<p>General guidelines for efficient outdoor lighting include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider location and surrounding areas during the lighting design, and select luminaires, locations, and orientations that minimize light trespass onto adjacent properties.</li>\n<li>Replace traditional HIDs (high-intensity discharge) luminaires and lamps, including high-pressure sodium and metal halide lamps, with <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">EnergyStar</a> certified outdoor LEDs.</li>\n<li>Consider installing solar powered outdoor LED lights for outdoor pathways.</li>\n<li>Aim floodlight angles low so that the entire beam falls within the intended lighted area and direct light downward whenever possible.</li>\n<li>Use well-shielded luminaires and lamps, and other control devices when up-lighting is required to maximize the efficiency of the light source (e.g., reflectors, deflectors, and covers).</li>\n<li>Couple outdoor lightings systems, with lighting controls such as motion detectors, photosensors, and schedule controls, to enhance an energy efficiency and security.</li>\n<li>Adjust timers to the minimum period necessary and dim or switch lights off when not needed to save energy and cut electric bills.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>For project specific advice, consult the <a href=\"https://www.ies.org/standards/ies-lighting-library/\">Illuminating Engineering Society’s</a> lighting design guides, which provide lighting professionals with standards and recommended best practices for a variety of lighting applications.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Efficient outdoor lighting design helps to reduce light pollution, and its associated adverse effects including wasted energy reduced nighttime visibility for astronomers and scientists, disruption of nocturnal wildlife and ecology, and impacts on human health and well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The costs of implementing lighting designs and technologies that reduce light pollution vary depending on the selection of lighting sources, fixtures, and controls. Effective and efficient outdoor lighting solutions are not always the least expensive option, but as with any comprehensive cost evaluation, operating costs, including energy savings, lifetime performance, and maintenance, are essential factors to consider.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Reducing light pollution provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Outdoor lighting designs that supplement solar-powered LED lighting technologies for a portion of regular lighting requirements (e.g., pedestrian pathways) and plan for backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> The Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/transportation/pdf/lightPollution/Seminarpresentation.pdf\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/transportation/pdf/lightPollution/Seminarpresentation.pdf</a> (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Gaston KJ, Visser ME, Ho ̈lker F. 2015 The biological impacts of artificial light at night: the research challenge. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 370: 20140133. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0133\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0133</a> (accessed Dec 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Illuminating Engineering Society, International Dark Sky Association.  <em>Model Lighting Ordinance. </em><a href=\"http://darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/16_MLO_FINAL_JUNE2011.PDF\">http://darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/16_MLO_FINAL_JUNE2011.PDF</a> (accessed October 22, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Cornell University, Astronomy Department. 2018. “Ask an Astronomer: How does light pollution affect astronomers?” <a href=\"http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/116-observational-astronomy/stargazing/professional-observers/712-how-does-light-pollution-affect-astronomers-intermediate\">http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/116-observational-astronomy/stargazing/professional-observers/712-how-does-light-pollution-affect-astronomers-intermediate</a> (accessed Dec 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">3</a> LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/LEED%20v4%20BDC_07.2.18_current.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/LEED%20v4%20BDC_07.2.18_current.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct. 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[5]</a> International Dark-Sky Association. <em>Light Pollution.</em> <a href=\"http://darksky.org/light-pollution/\">http://darksky.org/light-pollution/</a>  (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[6]</a> Illuminating Engineering Society. <em>IES Lighting Handbook, 10<sup>th</sup> Edition.</em> <a href=\"https://www.ies.org/handbook/DiLaura/Introduction%20to%20the%20IES%20Handbook%20PDF.pdf\">https://www.ies.org/handbook/DiLaura/Introduction%20to%20the%20IES%20Handbook%20PDF.pdf</a>  (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.darksky.org\">International Dark-Sky Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.cost-lonne.eu\">Loss of the Night Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaa.org/\">NJ Astronomical Association</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1937-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 21:34:31','2022-04-18 21:34:31','',1937,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1941',0,'revision','',0),(1942,2,'2022-04-18 21:34:34','2022-04-18 21:34:34','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Light Pollution Reduction\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Light Pollution?</strong></h2>\n<p>Light pollution refers to noticeable artificial light at night (ALAN), an unwelcome by-product of excessive outdoor lighting, especially vertical illuminance that includes such effects as skyglow, the brightening of the night sky, light trespass, the spilling of light beyond a property or intended lighting boundary, and glare, the obtrusive brightness of light viewed against an unlit background.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> The commercial building sector contributes to light pollution through a variety of sources, including advertising lighting, architectural and landscape lighting, interior nighttime lighting, and security lighting.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_337\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"480\"]<img class=\"wp-image-337 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Light-Pollution-Reduction-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Downlighting from a commercial building (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrhayata/321358583/sizes/m/in/p)\" width=\"480\" height=\"654\" /> Figure 1 – Downlighting from a commercial building (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrhayata/321358583/sizes/m/in/p)[/caption]<p>The following includes a list of several negative impacts of light pollution.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Interferes with wildlife migratory and breeding patterns, impacting nighttime ecosystems and biodiversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></li>\n<li>Wastes energy and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.</li>\n<li>Leads to glare issues and unsafe driving conditions, particularly for older motorists.</li>\n<li>Impacts human metabolism and disrupts sleep through constant exposure to artificial light, particularly light from the blue end of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></li>\n<li>Reduces ability to view stars and interferes with astronomical observatories. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></li>\n<li>Causes a nuisance to neighboring properties by casting unwanted nighttime glare into windows.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to reduce light pollution? </strong></h2>\n<p>The first steps to reducing light pollution are to evaluate the outdoor lighting requirements of a particular location (i.e., aesthetics, security, or utility), to eliminate unnecessary lighting, and to strategically place energy-efficient lighting and controls to meet the remaining lighting requirements (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</em>).</p>\n<p>Downlighting refers to a lighting strategy that directs light down and only lights the predetermined area; therefore reducing light pollution. Technologies to reduce light pollution also include full cutoff luminaires, low-reflectance surfaces, and low-angle spotlights. Cutoff luminaires have no direct uplight, help eliminate glare, and efficiently direct lighting down to the predetermined area.</p>\n<p>General guidelines for efficient outdoor lighting include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider location and surrounding areas during the lighting design, and select luminaires, locations, and orientations that minimize light trespass onto adjacent properties.</li>\n<li>Replace traditional HIDs (high-intensity discharge) luminaires and lamps, including high-pressure sodium and metal halide lamps, with <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">EnergyStar</a> certified outdoor LEDs.</li>\n<li>Consider installing solar powered outdoor LED lights for outdoor pathways.</li>\n<li>Aim floodlight angles low so that the entire beam falls within the intended lighted area and direct light downward whenever possible.</li>\n<li>Use well-shielded luminaires and lamps, and other control devices when up-lighting is required to maximize the efficiency of the light source (e.g., reflectors, deflectors, and covers).</li>\n<li>Couple outdoor lightings systems, with lighting controls such as motion detectors, photosensors, and schedule controls, to enhance an energy efficiency and security.</li>\n<li>Adjust timers to the minimum period necessary and dim or switch lights off when not needed to save energy and cut electric bills.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>For project specific advice, consult the <a href=\"https://www.ies.org/standards/ies-lighting-library/\">Illuminating Engineering Society’s</a> lighting design guides, which provide lighting professionals with standards and recommended best practices for a variety of lighting applications.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Efficient outdoor lighting design helps to reduce light pollution, and its associated adverse effects including wasted energy reduced nighttime visibility for astronomers and scientists, disruption of nocturnal wildlife and ecology, and impacts on human health and well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The costs of implementing lighting designs and technologies that reduce light pollution vary depending on the selection of lighting sources, fixtures, and controls. Effective and efficient outdoor lighting solutions are not always the least expensive option, but as with any comprehensive cost evaluation, operating costs, including energy savings, lifetime performance, and maintenance, are essential factors to consider.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Reducing light pollution provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Outdoor lighting designs that supplement solar-powered LED lighting technologies for a portion of regular lighting requirements (e.g., pedestrian pathways) and plan for backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> The Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/transportation/pdf/lightPollution/Seminarpresentation.pdf\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/transportation/pdf/lightPollution/Seminarpresentation.pdf</a> (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Gaston KJ, Visser ME, Ho ̈lker F. 2015 The biological impacts of artificial light at night: the research challenge. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 370: 20140133. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0133\">http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0133</a> (accessed Dec 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Illuminating Engineering Society, International Dark Sky Association.  <em>Model Lighting Ordinance. </em><a href=\"http://darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/16_MLO_FINAL_JUNE2011.PDF\">http://darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/16_MLO_FINAL_JUNE2011.PDF</a> (accessed October 22, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Cornell University, Astronomy Department. 2018. “Ask an Astronomer: How does light pollution affect astronomers?” <a href=\"http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/116-observational-astronomy/stargazing/professional-observers/712-how-does-light-pollution-affect-astronomers-intermediate\">http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/116-observational-astronomy/stargazing/professional-observers/712-how-does-light-pollution-affect-astronomers-intermediate</a> (accessed Dec 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">3</a> LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/LEED%20v4%20BDC_07.2.18_current.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/LEED%20v4%20BDC_07.2.18_current.pdf</a>  (accessed Oct. 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[5]</a> International Dark-Sky Association. <em>Light Pollution.</em> <a href=\"http://darksky.org/light-pollution/\">http://darksky.org/light-pollution/</a>  (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[6]</a> Illuminating Engineering Society. <em>IES Lighting Handbook, 10<sup>th</sup> Edition.</em> <a href=\"https://www.ies.org/handbook/DiLaura/Introduction%20to%20the%20IES%20Handbook%20PDF.pdf\">https://www.ies.org/handbook/DiLaura/Introduction%20to%20the%20IES%20Handbook%20PDF.pdf</a>  (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.darksky.org\">International Dark-Sky Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.cost-lonne.eu\">Loss of the Night Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaa.org/\">NJ Astronomical Association</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Light Pollution Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1937-revision-v1','','','2022-04-18 21:34:34','2022-04-18 21:34:34','',1937,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1942',0,'revision','',0),(1945,2,'2022-04-19 14:38:42','2022-04-19 14:38:42','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Chilled Beams\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What are Chilled Beams?</h2>\n<p>Chilled beams are room air recirculation systems integrated with acoustic ceilings or independently mounted that rely on radiant heat transfer from chilled or heated water coils to cool or heat a space.  Chilled beams use water as a heat transfer medium instead of air to cool or heat a room, taking advantage of water’s higher heat transfer capacity and lower transport energy and freeing up space and saving energy through reduced fan energy and equipment requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Chilled beams provide a flexible, easy to maintain, and energy-efficient alternative to variable air volume (VAV) systems and conventional air conditioning and heating systems, particularly for spaces that utilize individual zone control and experience moderate internal moisture loads.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>There are three types of chilled beam systems: passive, active, and multi-service. Passive chilled beams rely on the natural buoyancy of air to circulate through the heat exchanger, usually coils, to cool the air. In a passive system (most often used for cooling), hot air rises and becomes trapped in a space located above the chilled beams. Once the hot air interacts with the lower temperature beams, it naturally falls back into the room. Unlike active beams, passive beams are not directly connected to the ducted air supply and require a parallel ventilation system to handle dehumidification and latent loads and provide the primary air to drive the passive beam system.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Active systems direct air through the use of nozzles to the cooling or heating coils and allow for humidity control. Multi-purpose chilled beams can be used to supply other buildings services, such as lighting, speaker systems, IT systems, fire protection (sprinklers and detectors), acoustic insulation, Building Automation System sensors, and photocells.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_347\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1318\"]<img class=\"wp-image-347 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Fig-1-Chilled-Beams-2-images-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Active and Passive Chilled Beams (Source: US EPA).\" width=\"1318\" height=\"480\" /> Figure 1 – Active and Passive Chilled Beams (Source: US EPA).[/caption]\n<h2>How to Incorporate Chilled Beams</h2>\n<p>Chilled beams require specific applications but are often good candidates for retrofit projects and upgrades to HVAC systems in existing buildings due to their limited space requirements and ease of installation. However, chilled beams require specific applications and each chilled beam system design is unique, requiring project engineers to work closely with the manufacturer’s engineers in the design and selection of the chilled beam.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>According to best practice guidance from ASHRAE and REVHA chilled beams work best in applications with low air-side load fractions (or the percentage of the total air supply required by code for a zone) and in applications with high sensible heat ratios (or the percentage of the cooling load that is sensible compared to latent). For example, chilled beam systems can offer benefits over conventional systems if the sensible cooling load is substantially higher than the capacity of the air supplied to satisfy the latent loads.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>For comprehensive tools and guidance on designing, commissioning, and operating active and passive beam systems refer to the joint publication by ASHRAE and REVHA, “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.” Available for purchase at <a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org\">https://www.ashrae.org</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/standards/ashrae-200-2018?product_id=2030772\">ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 200-2018</a>, <em>Methods of Testing Chilled Beams</em>, establishes testing methods and procedures for determining the performance of chilled beams. Certification programs (<a href=\"http://www.eurovent-certification.com/index.php?lg=en\">Eurovent</a>, <a href=\"http://www.ahrinet.org/Home\">AHRI</a>) guarantee the accuracy of manufacturers’ technical data.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://ifnh.rutgers.edu/\">New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The IFNH building at Rutgers University, designed by Ballinger Architects finished in 2015 and built to LEED Gold standards is the first Rutgers University building to incorporate chilled beams as part of the building’s open laboratory design.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_403\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"702\"]<img class=\"wp-image-403 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Chilled-Beams-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Fig 2. New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health. (Source: Rutger University).\" width=\"702\" height=\"408\" /> Fig 2. New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health. (Source: Rutger University).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Chilled beams have the potential to save significant amounts of energy and operating costs compared to completely air-based systems because they move heat more efficiently by using water instead of air as the heat transfer fluid, reducing the reheat and fan energy required to operate the system.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Chilled beams also increase the usable floor space and ceiling height in a building by eliminating additional ductwork and equipment space requirements and allowing for modular configurations and flexible installations. Other advantages include enhanced thermal comfort (e.g., uniform air distribution), acoustic control (e.g., quiet operation) and indoor air quality (e.g., utilize 100% outside air and limit room to room air recirculation).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Finally, chilled beams offer lower maintenance and repair costs due to fewer mechanical components than conventional HVAC systems.</p>\n<h2>Cost</h2>\n<p>The cost of chilled beams varies depending on the design and application. Chilled beams often have higher materials costs than conventional VAV systems but lower installation, maintenance, and energy costs. For example, by requiring fewer air exchanges, chilled beams can result in the downsizing of ductwork, air-handling units, exhaust fans, chillers, and boilers, reducing first costa and helping to offset the cost of chilled beam infrastructure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> The growing number of certified manufacturers and installers and available incentives are also helping to make chilled beams more cost competitive with conventional technologies.</p>\n<p>See the NJ Clean Energy Program for current incentives and programs <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com</a></p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Chilled beams contribute to resiliency by decreasing energy consumption, including peak loads, which decreases reliance and stress on the electricity grid.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ASHRAE and REHVA. 2015. “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> ASHRAE and REHVA. 2015. “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Energy Design Resources. 2010. E-News #69: Chilled Beams. February 2010.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://energydesignresources.com/resources/e-news/e-news-69-chilled-beams.aspx\">https://energydesignresources.com/resources/e-news/e-news-69-chilled-beams.aspx</a> (accessed Jan 8, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> The American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE), the Association for the Healthcare Environment (AHE), and the Association for Healthcare Resource &amp; Materials Management (AHRMM) of the American Hospital Association (AHA). 2012. Sustainability Roadmap for Hospitals – “Reduce energy-consumption and improve comfort with an active chilled beam system.” <a href=\"http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ\">http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ</a> Accessed Jan 8, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> ASHRAE and REHVA. 2015. “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> ASHE et al. 2012. Sustainability Roadmap for Hospitals – “Reduce energy-consumption and improve comfort with an active chilled beam system.” <a href=\"http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ\">http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ</a> Accessed Jan 8, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> ASHRAE and REHVA. 2015. “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> ASHE et al. 2012. Sustainability Roadmap for Hospitals – “Reduce energy-consumption and improve comfort with an active chilled beam system.” <a href=\"http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ\">http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ</a> Accessed Jan 8, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-re-commissioning/\">Re-Commissioning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ahrinet.org/Certification/AHRI-Certification-Programs/Active-Chilled-Beams\">Air-Conditioning, Heating &amp; Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Chilled Beams Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org\">ASHRAE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ASHRAE and REHVA. 2015. “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.”</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rehva.eu\">REHVA – Federation of European Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Associations</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Chilled Beams','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-chilled-beams','','','2022-04-19 14:40:23','2022-04-19 14:40:23','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1945',0,'post','',0),(1949,2,'2022-04-19 14:35:09','2022-04-19 14:35:09','','Auto Draft','','inherit','closed','closed','','1945-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 14:35:09','2022-04-19 14:35:09','',1945,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1949',0,'revision','',0),(1951,2,'2022-04-19 14:38:42','2022-04-19 14:38:42','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Chilled Beams\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are Chilled Beams?</h2>\n<p>Chilled beams are room air recirculation systems integrated with acoustic ceilings or independently mounted that rely on radiant heat transfer from chilled or heated water coils to cool or heat a space.  Chilled beams use water as a heat transfer medium instead of air to cool or heat a room, taking advantage of water’s higher heat transfer capacity and lower transport energy and freeing up space and saving energy through reduced fan energy and equipment requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Chilled beams provide a flexible, easy to maintain, and energy-efficient alternative to variable air volume (VAV) systems and conventional air conditioning and heating systems, particularly for spaces that utilize individual zone control and experience moderate internal moisture loads.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>There are three types of chilled beam systems: passive, active, and multi-service. Passive chilled beams rely on the natural buoyancy of air to circulate through the heat exchanger, usually coils, to cool the air. In a passive system (most often used for cooling), hot air rises and becomes trapped in a space located above the chilled beams. Once the hot air interacts with the lower temperature beams, it naturally falls back into the room. Unlike active beams, passive beams are not directly connected to the ducted air supply and require a parallel ventilation system to handle dehumidification and latent loads and provide the primary air to drive the passive beam system.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Active systems direct air through the use of nozzles to the cooling or heating coils and allow for humidity control. Multi-purpose chilled beams can be used to supply other buildings services, such as lighting, speaker systems, IT systems, fire protection (sprinklers and detectors), acoustic insulation, Building Automation System sensors, and photocells.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_347\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1318\"]<img class=\"wp-image-347 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Fig-1-Chilled-Beams-2-images-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Active and Passive Chilled Beams (Source: US EPA).\" width=\"1318\" height=\"480\" /> Figure 1 – Active and Passive Chilled Beams (Source: US EPA).[/caption]\n<h2>How to Incorporate Chilled Beams</h2>\n<p>Chilled beams require specific applications but are often good candidates for retrofit projects and upgrades to HVAC systems in existing buildings due to their limited space requirements and ease of installation. However, chilled beams require specific applications and each chilled beam system design is unique, requiring project engineers to work closely with the manufacturer’s engineers in the design and selection of the chilled beam.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>According to best practice guidance from ASHRAE and REVHA chilled beams work best in applications with low air-side load fractions (or the percentage of the total air supply required by code for a zone) and in applications with high sensible heat ratios (or the percentage of the cooling load that is sensible compared to latent). For example, chilled beam systems can offer benefits over conventional systems if the sensible cooling load is substantially higher than the capacity of the air supplied to satisfy the latent loads.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>For comprehensive tools and guidance on designing, commissioning, and operating active and passive beam systems refer to the joint publication by ASHRAE and REVHA, “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.” Available for purchase at <a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org\">https://www.ashrae.org</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/standards/ashrae-200-2018?product_id=2030772\">ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 200-2018</a>, <em>Methods of Testing Chilled Beams</em>, establishes testing methods and procedures for determining the performance of chilled beams. Certification programs (<a href=\"http://www.eurovent-certification.com/index.php?lg=en\">Eurovent</a>, <a href=\"http://www.ahrinet.org/Home\">AHRI</a>) guarantee the accuracy of manufacturers’ technical data.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://ifnh.rutgers.edu/\">New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>The IFNH building at Rutgers University, designed by Ballinger Architects finished in 2015 and built to LEED Gold standards is the first Rutgers University building to incorporate chilled beams as part of the building’s open laboratory design.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_403\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"702\"]<img class=\"wp-image-403 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Chilled-Beams-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Fig 2. New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health. (Source: Rutger University).\" width=\"702\" height=\"408\" /> Fig 2. New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health. (Source: Rutger University).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Chilled beams have the potential to save significant amounts of energy and operating costs compared to completely air-based systems because they move heat more efficiently by using water instead of air as the heat transfer fluid, reducing the reheat and fan energy required to operate the system.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Chilled beams also increase the usable floor space and ceiling height in a building by eliminating additional ductwork and equipment space requirements and allowing for modular configurations and flexible installations. Other advantages include enhanced thermal comfort (e.g., uniform air distribution), acoustic control (e.g., quiet operation) and indoor air quality (e.g., utilize 100% outside air and limit room to room air recirculation).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Finally, chilled beams offer lower maintenance and repair costs due to fewer mechanical components than conventional HVAC systems.</p>\n<h2>Cost</h2>\n<p>The cost of chilled beams varies depending on the design and application. Chilled beams often have higher materials costs than conventional VAV systems but lower installation, maintenance, and energy costs. For example, by requiring fewer air exchanges, chilled beams can result in the downsizing of ductwork, air-handling units, exhaust fans, chillers, and boilers, reducing first costa and helping to offset the cost of chilled beam infrastructure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> The growing number of certified manufacturers and installers and available incentives are also helping to make chilled beams more cost competitive with conventional technologies.</p>\n<p>See the NJ Clean Energy Program for current incentives and programs <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com\">http://www.njcleanenergy.com</a></p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Chilled beams contribute to resiliency by decreasing energy consumption, including peak loads, which decreases reliance and stress on the electricity grid.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ASHRAE and REHVA. 2015. “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> ASHRAE and REHVA. 2015. “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Energy Design Resources. 2010. E-News #69: Chilled Beams. February 2010.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://energydesignresources.com/resources/e-news/e-news-69-chilled-beams.aspx\">https://energydesignresources.com/resources/e-news/e-news-69-chilled-beams.aspx</a> (accessed Jan 8, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> The American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE), the Association for the Healthcare Environment (AHE), and the Association for Healthcare Resource &amp; Materials Management (AHRMM) of the American Hospital Association (AHA). 2012. Sustainability Roadmap for Hospitals – “Reduce energy-consumption and improve comfort with an active chilled beam system.” <a href=\"http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ\">http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ</a> Accessed Jan 8, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> ASHRAE and REHVA. 2015. “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> ASHE et al. 2012. Sustainability Roadmap for Hospitals – “Reduce energy-consumption and improve comfort with an active chilled beam system.” <a href=\"http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ\">http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ</a> Accessed Jan 8, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> ASHRAE and REHVA. 2015. “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> ASHE et al. 2012. Sustainability Roadmap for Hospitals – “Reduce energy-consumption and improve comfort with an active chilled beam system.” <a href=\"http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ\">http://www.sustainabilityroadmap.org/pims/265#.XDOOYi2ZNAZ</a> Accessed Jan 8, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-re-commissioning/\">Re-Commissioning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ahrinet.org/Certification/AHRI-Certification-Programs/Active-Chilled-Beams\">Air-Conditioning, Heating &amp; Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Chilled Beams Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org\">ASHRAE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ASHRAE and REHVA. 2015. “Active and Passive Beam Application Design Guide.”</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rehva.eu\">REHVA – Federation of European Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Associations</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Chilled Beams','','inherit','closed','closed','','1945-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 14:38:42','2022-04-19 14:38:42','',1945,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1951',0,'revision','',0),