(1360,3,'2022-04-04 18:38:21','2022-04-04 18:38:21','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Emergency Water Supply and Storage\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Emergency Water Supply and Storage</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey receives ample rainfall, and the state’s geology supports the storage of large quantities of groundwater and surface water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>However, water conservation and planning for water scarcity when water is plentiful can reduce the risk and the costs associated with increasing population growth, aging water infrastructure, and climate change impacts such as droughts on future water quality and availability. An increase in extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, ice storms, and flooding in New Jersey has highlighted the importance of having access to clean and safe water to meet drinking, sanitation and hygiene needs during and after natural disasters, extended power outages, and other emergencies. For example, flooding can overwhelm municipal water and wastewater treatment plants and storm-related power outages can impact plant operations. Flood waters can contaminate local water supplies and private wells with raw sewage and stormwater runoff containing chemicals, debris, and other contaminants that can cause serious illness.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>While backup generators at municipal water and wastewater treatment plants can prevent power outages and elevating equipment can protect plant operations, individual homeowners can also take steps to safeguard water for emergencies.</p>\n<p>Strategies to safeguard water at the homeowner level include designating back-up power for water pumps, providing on-site water storage, and designing redundant water supply and treatment systems that utilize captured rainwater or recycled wastewater as the primary or backup water supply (see<span> </span><em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, and On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_67\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-67 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Emergency-Water-Supply-and-Storage-Fig-1-300x195.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" /> Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Provide for Emergency Water Supply and Storage</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for access to potable water during a power outage or storm-related event, starts with water conservation, and can include reusing water on-site, such as harvested rainwater or recycled greywater for storage and later use during emergencies to cover operations such as toilet flushing, mechanical equipment, and irrigation (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping, Indoor Water Conservation, On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<p>The specifics depend on whether or not the residence utilizes the municipal water system. During a water emergency, a single-family home on municipal water may still have access to clean potable water due to the municipal water and treatment plant’s backup water storage or backup power system.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>In this situation, planning for emergency water supply and storage requires providing backup power generation to operate water pumps and to distribute water throughout a home (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Back-Up Power Generation</em>).</p>\n<p>Single-family homes with deep-well pumps that do not rely on the municipal water supply can utilize energy storage and back-power generation, or hand pumps to power the deep-well pump. Gravity-fed water from an on-site spring or cistern part of a rainwater harvesting system, which includes adequate water storage can provide a redundant or backup water supply to complement public or deep-well water resources. Where there is no option for on-site water replenishment, look to provide emergency water storage that can gravity-feed water to the home, such as rooftop or mounted water tanks or water storage with pumps powered by stored energy or off-grid generators.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/emergency/drinking/creating-storing-emergency-water-supply.html\">Center for Disease Control (CDC) Create &amp; Store Emergency Water Supply Checklist</a></p>\n<p>The CDC checklist provides tips on preparing an emergency water supply kit for your family and guidelines on safely storing water and using water during and after a disaster.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The benefits of planning for emergency water supply and storage become most apparent during an emergency or disaster. Proper preparations can allow residents to shelter in place and avoid health and safety hazards associated with water emergencies. Planning for access to potable water during emergencies can also benefit overall water conservation efforts during non-emergencies, as alternative solutions and reuse scenarios are considered to utilize and manage water on a site.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and back-up technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As the cost of water storage and backup power generation technologies decline and power outages and water emergencies become more common, the resiliency benefits of sheltering in place, reduced health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing for emergency water supply and storage enhances resiliency by utilizing redundant and local water supplies and reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity. Ensuring access to potable water during emergencies decreases the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2017, New Jersey Water Supply Plan 2017-2022: 484p,<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018. Healthy Water – Water-Related Emergencies and Outbreaks.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Wilson, Alex. 2015. LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design Adopted!<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/\">http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">Center for Disease Control – Healthy Water</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-conservation-epa\">US EPA – Water Conservation at EPA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Emergency Water Supply and Storage','','inherit','closed','closed','','1358-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:38:21','2022-04-04 18:38:21','',1358,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1360',0,'revision','',0),(1361,3,'2022-04-04 18:38:21','2022-04-04 18:38:21','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Emergency Water Supply and Storage\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Emergency Water Supply and Storage</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey receives ample rainfall, and the state’s geology supports the storage of large quantities of groundwater and surface water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>However, water conservation and planning for water scarcity when water is plentiful can reduce the risk and the costs associated with increasing population growth, aging water infrastructure, and climate change impacts such as droughts on future water quality and availability. An increase in extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, ice storms, and flooding in New Jersey has highlighted the importance of having access to clean and safe water to meet drinking, sanitation and hygiene needs during and after natural disasters, extended power outages, and other emergencies. For example, flooding can overwhelm municipal water and wastewater treatment plants and storm-related power outages can impact plant operations. Flood waters can contaminate local water supplies and private wells with raw sewage and stormwater runoff containing chemicals, debris, and other contaminants that can cause serious illness.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>While backup generators at municipal water and wastewater treatment plants can prevent power outages and elevating equipment can protect plant operations, individual homeowners can also take steps to safeguard water for emergencies.</p>\n<p>Strategies to safeguard water at the homeowner level include designating back-up power for water pumps, providing on-site water storage, and designing redundant water supply and treatment systems that utilize captured rainwater or recycled wastewater as the primary or backup water supply (see<span> </span><em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, and On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_67\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-67 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Emergency-Water-Supply-and-Storage-Fig-1-300x195.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" /> Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Provide for Emergency Water Supply and Storage</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for access to potable water during a power outage or storm-related event, starts with water conservation, and can include reusing water on-site, such as harvested rainwater or recycled greywater for storage and later use during emergencies to cover operations such as toilet flushing, mechanical equipment, and irrigation (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping, Indoor Water Conservation, On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<p>The specifics depend on whether or not the residence utilizes the municipal water system. During a water emergency, a single-family home on municipal water may still have access to clean potable water due to the municipal water and treatment plant’s backup water storage or backup power system.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>In this situation, planning for emergency water supply and storage requires providing backup power generation to operate water pumps and to distribute water throughout a home (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Back-Up Power Generation</em>).</p>\n<p>Single-family homes with deep-well pumps that do not rely on the municipal water supply can utilize energy storage and back-power generation, or hand pumps to power the deep-well pump. Gravity-fed water from an on-site spring or cistern part of a rainwater harvesting system, which includes adequate water storage can provide a redundant or backup water supply to complement public or deep-well water resources. Where there is no option for on-site water replenishment, look to provide emergency water storage that can gravity-feed water to the home, such as rooftop or mounted water tanks or water storage with pumps powered by stored energy or off-grid generators.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/emergency/drinking/creating-storing-emergency-water-supply.html\">Center for Disease Control (CDC) Create &amp; Store Emergency Water Supply Checklist</a></p>\n<p>The CDC checklist provides tips on preparing an emergency water supply kit for your family and guidelines on safely storing water and using water during and after a disaster.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The benefits of planning for emergency water supply and storage become most apparent during an emergency or disaster. Proper preparations can allow residents to shelter in place and avoid health and safety hazards associated with water emergencies. Planning for access to potable water during emergencies can also benefit overall water conservation efforts during non-emergencies, as alternative solutions and reuse scenarios are considered to utilize and manage water on a site.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and back-up technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As the cost of water storage and backup power generation technologies decline and power outages and water emergencies become more common, the resiliency benefits of sheltering in place, reduced health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing for emergency water supply and storage enhances resiliency by utilizing redundant and local water supplies and reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity. Ensuring access to potable water during emergencies decreases the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2017, New Jersey Water Supply Plan 2017-2022: 484p,<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018. Healthy Water – Water-Related Emergencies and Outbreaks.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Wilson, Alex. 2015. LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design Adopted!<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/\">http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">Center for Disease Control – Healthy Water</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-conservation-epa\">US EPA – Water Conservation at EPA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation','','inherit','closed','closed','','1358-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:38:21','2022-04-04 18:38:21','',1358,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1361',0,'revision','',0),(1362,3,'2022-04-04 18:38:24','2022-04-04 18:38:24','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Emergency Water Supply and Storage\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Emergency Water Supply and Storage</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey receives ample rainfall, and the state’s geology supports the storage of large quantities of groundwater and surface water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>However, water conservation and planning for water scarcity when water is plentiful can reduce the risk and the costs associated with increasing population growth, aging water infrastructure, and climate change impacts such as droughts on future water quality and availability. An increase in extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, ice storms, and flooding in New Jersey has highlighted the importance of having access to clean and safe water to meet drinking, sanitation and hygiene needs during and after natural disasters, extended power outages, and other emergencies. For example, flooding can overwhelm municipal water and wastewater treatment plants and storm-related power outages can impact plant operations. Flood waters can contaminate local water supplies and private wells with raw sewage and stormwater runoff containing chemicals, debris, and other contaminants that can cause serious illness.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>While backup generators at municipal water and wastewater treatment plants can prevent power outages and elevating equipment can protect plant operations, individual homeowners can also take steps to safeguard water for emergencies.</p>\n<p>Strategies to safeguard water at the homeowner level include designating back-up power for water pumps, providing on-site water storage, and designing redundant water supply and treatment systems that utilize captured rainwater or recycled wastewater as the primary or backup water supply (see<span> </span><em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, and On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_67\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-67 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Emergency-Water-Supply-and-Storage-Fig-1-300x195.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" /> Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Provide for Emergency Water Supply and Storage</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for access to potable water during a power outage or storm-related event, starts with water conservation, and can include reusing water on-site, such as harvested rainwater or recycled greywater for storage and later use during emergencies to cover operations such as toilet flushing, mechanical equipment, and irrigation (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping, Indoor Water Conservation, On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<p>The specifics depend on whether or not the residence utilizes the municipal water system. During a water emergency, a single-family home on municipal water may still have access to clean potable water due to the municipal water and treatment plant’s backup water storage or backup power system.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>In this situation, planning for emergency water supply and storage requires providing backup power generation to operate water pumps and to distribute water throughout a home (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Back-Up Power Generation</em>).</p>\n<p>Single-family homes with deep-well pumps that do not rely on the municipal water supply can utilize energy storage and back-power generation, or hand pumps to power the deep-well pump. Gravity-fed water from an on-site spring or cistern part of a rainwater harvesting system, which includes adequate water storage can provide a redundant or backup water supply to complement public or deep-well water resources. Where there is no option for on-site water replenishment, look to provide emergency water storage that can gravity-feed water to the home, such as rooftop or mounted water tanks or water storage with pumps powered by stored energy or off-grid generators.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/emergency/drinking/creating-storing-emergency-water-supply.html\">Center for Disease Control (CDC) Create &amp; Store Emergency Water Supply Checklist</a></p>\n<p>The CDC checklist provides tips on preparing an emergency water supply kit for your family and guidelines on safely storing water and using water during and after a disaster.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The benefits of planning for emergency water supply and storage become most apparent during an emergency or disaster. Proper preparations can allow residents to shelter in place and avoid health and safety hazards associated with water emergencies. Planning for access to potable water during emergencies can also benefit overall water conservation efforts during non-emergencies, as alternative solutions and reuse scenarios are considered to utilize and manage water on a site.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and back-up technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As the cost of water storage and backup power generation technologies decline and power outages and water emergencies become more common, the resiliency benefits of sheltering in place, reduced health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing for emergency water supply and storage enhances resiliency by utilizing redundant and local water supplies and reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity. Ensuring access to potable water during emergencies decreases the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2017, New Jersey Water Supply Plan 2017-2022: 484p,<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018. Healthy Water – Water-Related Emergencies and Outbreaks.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Wilson, Alex. 2015. LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design Adopted!<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/\">http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">Center for Disease Control – Healthy Water</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-conservation-epa\">US EPA – Water Conservation at EPA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Emergency Water Supply and Storage','','inherit','closed','closed','','1358-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:38:24','2022-04-04 18:38:24','',1358,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1362',0,'revision','',0),(1364,3,'2022-04-04 18:40:41','2022-04-04 18:40:41','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Emergency Water Supply and Storage\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Emergency Water Supply and Storage</strong></h2>\n<p>New Jersey receives ample rainfall, and the state’s geology supports the storage of large quantities of groundwater and surface water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>However, water conservation and planning for water scarcity when water is plentiful can reduce the risk and the costs associated with increasing population growth, aging water infrastructure, and climate change impacts such as droughts on future water quality and availability. An increase in extreme weather events, such as major hurricanes, thunderstorms, ice storms, and flooding in New Jersey has highlighted the importance of having access to clean and safe water to meet drinking, sanitation and hygiene needs during and after natural disasters, extended power outages, and other emergencies. For example, flooding can overwhelm municipal water and wastewater treatment plants and storm-related power outages can impact plant operations. Flood waters can contaminate local water supplies and private wells with raw sewage and stormwater runoff containing chemicals, debris, and other contaminants that can cause serious illness.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>While backup generators at municipal water and wastewater treatment plants can prevent power outages and elevating equipment can protect plant operations, individual homeowners can also take steps to safeguard water for emergencies.</p>\n<p>Strategies to safeguard water at the homeowner level include designating back-up power for water pumps, providing on-site water storage, and designing redundant water supply and treatment systems that utilize captured rainwater or recycled wastewater as the primary or backup water supply (see<span> </span><em>Rain Barrels and Cisterns, and On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<ul></ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_67\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"768\"]<img class=\"wp-image-67 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Emergency-Water-Supply-and-Storage-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)\" width=\"768\" height=\"498\" /> Figure 1 – Flooding (Source: NJ DEP Flood Control)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Provide for Emergency Water Supply and Storage</strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for access to potable water during a power outage or storm-related event, starts with water conservation, and can include reusing water on-site, such as harvested rainwater or recycled greywater for storage and later use during emergencies to cover operations such as toilet flushing, mechanical equipment, and irrigation (see<span> </span><em>Water Efficient Landscaping, Indoor Water Conservation, On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>).</p>\n<p>The specifics depend on whether or not the residence utilizes the municipal water system. During a water emergency, a single-family home on municipal water may still have access to clean potable water due to the municipal water and treatment plant’s backup water storage or backup power system.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>In this situation, planning for emergency water supply and storage requires providing backup power generation to operate water pumps and to distribute water throughout a home (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Back-Up Power Generation</em>).</p>\n<p>Single-family homes with deep-well pumps that do not rely on the municipal water supply can utilize energy storage and back-power generation, or hand pumps to power the deep-well pump. Gravity-fed water from an on-site spring or cistern part of a rainwater harvesting system, which includes adequate water storage can provide a redundant or backup water supply to complement public or deep-well water resources. Where there is no option for on-site water replenishment, look to provide emergency water storage that can gravity-feed water to the home, such as rooftop or mounted water tanks or water storage with pumps powered by stored energy or off-grid generators.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/emergency/drinking/creating-storing-emergency-water-supply.html\">Center for Disease Control (CDC) Create &amp; Store Emergency Water Supply Checklist</a></p>\n<p>The CDC checklist provides tips on preparing an emergency water supply kit for your family and guidelines on safely storing water and using water during and after a disaster.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The benefits of planning for emergency water supply and storage become most apparent during an emergency or disaster. Proper preparations can allow residents to shelter in place and avoid health and safety hazards associated with water emergencies. Planning for access to potable water during emergencies can also benefit overall water conservation efforts during non-emergencies, as alternative solutions and reuse scenarios are considered to utilize and manage water on a site.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and back-up technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As the cost of water storage and backup power generation technologies decline and power outages and water emergencies become more common, the resiliency benefits of sheltering in place, reduced health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Providing for emergency water supply and storage enhances resiliency by utilizing redundant and local water supplies and reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity. Ensuring access to potable water during emergencies decreases the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2017, New Jersey Water Supply Plan 2017-2022: 484p,<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/wsp.html</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018. Healthy Water – Water-Related Emergencies and Outbreaks.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Wilson, Alex. 2015. LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design Adopted!<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/\">http://www.resilientdesign.org/leed-pilot-credits-on-resilient-design-adopted/</a><span> </span>(accessed Nov 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a><span> </span>(accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready PV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/\">Center for Disease Control – Healthy Water</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org/\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA WaterSense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-conservation-epa\">US EPA – Water Conservation at EPA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Emergency Water Supply and Storage','','inherit','closed','closed','','1358-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:40:41','2022-04-04 18:40:41','',1358,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1364',0,'revision','',0),(1366,3,'2022-04-04 18:41:46','2022-04-04 18:41:46','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning?</strong></h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_413\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"716\"]<img class=\"wp-image-413 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Storm-Preparation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).\" width=\"716\" height=\"382\" /> Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Severe weather and natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, winter storms, pandemic influenza, thunderstorms and lighting, tornadoes, and wildfires and associated power outages, flooding, evacuations, and property damage create emergency situations that impact New Jersey businesses on a regular basis. Storm preparation and emergency planning includes steps that residents can take to avoid or mitigate impacts and increase safety and comfort before, during and after adverse events. Proper preparation and planning also refers to resilient design and green building practices that increase a structure’s ability to withstand or recover from severe weather and adverse conditions and protect building occupants. For example, at the building owner level, the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) recommends securing property to protect against hurricane damage by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing permanent storm shutters for windows or boarding up windows with 5/8” plywood, cut to fit and ready to install.</li>\n<li>Adding straps or clips to securely fasten roof to the frame structure and reduce roof damage.</li>\n<li>Clearing loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.</li>\n<li>Bringing in outdoor objects such as furniture, equipment and tools or anchoring them if they cannot be brought indoors.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>At the design and building level, the<span> </span><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/\">FORTIFIED Building Standards by the Institute of Business and Home Safety (IBHS)</a><span> </span>recommend roofing and fenestration best practices to protect buildings in hurricane prone areas and areas susceptible to hail and high winds. Together, these precautions provide redundancy and increase the likelihood of avoiding major damages and injuries.</p>\n<p>For more information on hurricane preparedness, see the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM)</a><span> </span>and the<span> </span><a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan-prepare/pdf/NJ_Hurricane_Survival_Guide_2018.pdf\">NJ Hurricane Survival Guide.</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement Storm Preparation and Emergency Preparedness</strong></h2>\n<p>A number of local, state and national organizations provide resources and information on storm preparation and emergency preparedness (see<span> </span><strong>Resources</strong><span> </span>below). The NJOEM’s “Be Ready: Follow the “Three Steps to Safety” outlines basic preparations for the most common disaster scenarios in New Jersey.</p>\n<p><u>Step One: “Get a Kit”</u><span> </span>– Assemble emergency supplies including food, water, basic first aid supplies, alternative communication and other emergency equipment such as flashlights and duct tape. See<span> </span><a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan/preparedness_foodwater.html\">NJOEM list of Emergency Food and Water Supplies</a>.</p>\n<p><u>Step Two: “Make a Plan”</u><span> </span>– Know your area’s evacuation routes and shelter locations. Keep a list of emergency contacts and local emergency numbers. Visit the <a href=\"http://www.redcross.org/prepare/location/home-family/plan\">American Red Cross Make a Disaster Preparedness Plan</a> web page for more information.</p>\n<p><u>Step Three: “Stay Informed”</u><span> </span>– Part of preparation is knowing exactly what kind of disasters you might face and knowing what to do in each situation. Keep track of Current Weather Forecasts and Alerts with:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local radio or TV stations</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/\">NOAA Weather Radio</a>– or <a href=\"http://www.weatherusa.net/radio\">listen online</a></li>\n<li>NJOEM’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/weather/index.html\">Weather Links</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using resilient building practices and developing emergency preparedness plans and supply kits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces fear, anxiety, and losses.</li>\n<li>Avoids or mitigates impacts and costs.</li>\n<li>Speeds recovery efforts and reduces further damage and losses.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Storm preparation and emergency planning can reduce severe weather and disaster-related costs by reducing the physical and financial toll from such events. For example, identify vulnerabilities that offer the greatest potential to reduce avoidable suffering.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Having a plan in place and supplies on hand for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts. Prepared individuals can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org/\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ready.gov/\">Be Ready Campaign</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/prepareyourhealth/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcpr%2Fareyouprepared%2Findex.htm\">Center for Disease Control and Prevention – Center for Preparedness and Response</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.fema.gov/\">Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ibhs.org/\">Institute for Business and Home Safety</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/fortified/\">FORTIFIED Home Building Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.safehome.org/resources/emergency-prep-guide/\">Safe Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">State of New Jersey Office of Emergency Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/RELi_Dec_2018-FINAL.pdf\">RELi 2.0 Rating Guidelines for Resilient Design + Construction – HP: Hazard Preparedness</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsecuritybaron.com%2Fblog%2Fpreparing-your-home-for-disaster%2F&amp;data=02%7C01%7Cdplotnik%40rutgers.edu%7C0f6dd376f40c4543016308d7b0bb5957%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C0%7C637172191006878505&amp;sdata=z5EjswCA9hotA9d4eWVlKKfF5rFibnKoHle0jdo5AXE%3D&amp;reserved=0\">Security Baron</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Emergency Water Supply and Storage','','inherit','closed','closed','','1358-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:41:46','2022-04-04 18:41:46','',1358,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1366',0,'revision','',0),(1367,3,'2022-04-04 18:41:50','2022-04-04 18:41:50','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning?</strong></h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_413\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"716\"]<img class=\"wp-image-413 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Storm-Preparation-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).\" width=\"716\" height=\"382\" /> Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Severe weather and natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, winter storms, pandemic influenza, thunderstorms and lighting, tornadoes, and wildfires and associated power outages, flooding, evacuations, and property damage create emergency situations that impact New Jersey businesses on a regular basis. Storm preparation and emergency planning includes steps that residents can take to avoid or mitigate impacts and increase safety and comfort before, during and after adverse events. Proper preparation and planning also refers to resilient design and green building practices that increase a structure’s ability to withstand or recover from severe weather and adverse conditions and protect building occupants. For example, at the building owner level, the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) recommends securing property to protect against hurricane damage by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing permanent storm shutters for windows or boarding up windows with 5/8” plywood, cut to fit and ready to install.</li>\n<li>Adding straps or clips to securely fasten roof to the frame structure and reduce roof damage.</li>\n<li>Clearing loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.</li>\n<li>Bringing in outdoor objects such as furniture, equipment and tools or anchoring them if they cannot be brought indoors.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>At the design and building level, the<span> </span><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/\">FORTIFIED Building Standards by the Institute of Business and Home Safety (IBHS)</a><span> </span>recommend roofing and fenestration best practices to protect buildings in hurricane prone areas and areas susceptible to hail and high winds. Together, these precautions provide redundancy and increase the likelihood of avoiding major damages and injuries.</p>\n<p>For more information on hurricane preparedness, see the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM)</a><span> </span>and the<span> </span><a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan-prepare/pdf/NJ_Hurricane_Survival_Guide_2018.pdf\">NJ Hurricane Survival Guide.</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement Storm Preparation and Emergency Preparedness</strong></h2>\n<p>A number of local, state and national organizations provide resources and information on storm preparation and emergency preparedness (see<span> </span><strong>Resources</strong><span> </span>below). The NJOEM’s “Be Ready: Follow the “Three Steps to Safety” outlines basic preparations for the most common disaster scenarios in New Jersey.</p>\n<p><u>Step One: “Get a Kit”</u><span> </span>– Assemble emergency supplies including food, water, basic first aid supplies, alternative communication and other emergency equipment such as flashlights and duct tape. See<span> </span><a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan/preparedness_foodwater.html\">NJOEM list of Emergency Food and Water Supplies</a>.</p>\n<p><u>Step Two: “Make a Plan”</u><span> </span>– Know your area’s evacuation routes and shelter locations. Keep a list of emergency contacts and local emergency numbers. Visit the <a href=\"http://www.redcross.org/prepare/location/home-family/plan\">American Red Cross Make a Disaster Preparedness Plan</a> web page for more information.</p>\n<p><u>Step Three: “Stay Informed”</u><span> </span>– Part of preparation is knowing exactly what kind of disasters you might face and knowing what to do in each situation. Keep track of Current Weather Forecasts and Alerts with:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local radio or TV stations</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/\">NOAA Weather Radio</a>– or <a href=\"http://www.weatherusa.net/radio\">listen online</a></li>\n<li>NJOEM’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/weather/index.html\">Weather Links</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using resilient building practices and developing emergency preparedness plans and supply kits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces fear, anxiety, and losses.</li>\n<li>Avoids or mitigates impacts and costs.</li>\n<li>Speeds recovery efforts and reduces further damage and losses.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Storm preparation and emergency planning can reduce severe weather and disaster-related costs by reducing the physical and financial toll from such events. For example, identify vulnerabilities that offer the greatest potential to reduce avoidable suffering.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Having a plan in place and supplies on hand for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts. Prepared individuals can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org/\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ready.gov/\">Be Ready Campaign</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/prepareyourhealth/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcpr%2Fareyouprepared%2Findex.htm\">Center for Disease Control and Prevention – Center for Preparedness and Response</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.fema.gov/\">Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ibhs.org/\">Institute for Business and Home Safety</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/fortified/\">FORTIFIED Home Building Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.safehome.org/resources/emergency-prep-guide/\">Safe Home</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">State of New Jersey Office of Emergency Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/RELi_Dec_2018-FINAL.pdf\">RELi 2.0 Rating Guidelines for Resilient Design + Construction – HP: Hazard Preparedness</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsecuritybaron.com%2Fblog%2Fpreparing-your-home-for-disaster%2F&amp;data=02%7C01%7Cdplotnik%40rutgers.edu%7C0f6dd376f40c4543016308d7b0bb5957%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C0%7C637172191006878505&amp;sdata=z5EjswCA9hotA9d4eWVlKKfF5rFibnKoHle0jdo5AXE%3D&amp;reserved=0\">Security Baron</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning','','inherit','closed','closed','','1358-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:41:50','2022-04-04 18:41:50','',1358,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1367',0,'revision','',0),(1368,3,'2022-04-04 18:49:50','2022-04-04 18:49:50','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Active Living?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Active Living</b></strong></h2>\n<p>A first step to implementing active living into everyday life includes selecting a location or residential developments that include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mixed land use neighborhoods.</li>\n<li>Pedestrian-friendly designs with traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Continuous bike networks and bicycle infrastructure such as indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>A pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists with pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Public spaces designed to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Access to healthy food such as local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>Smaller parking lots located in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into home design:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Designing inviting and easy to access outdoor spaces that encourage time spent in nature.</li>\n<li>Incorporating space for exercising and for storage of active lifestyle equipment and gear (e.g., wall mounted bicycle storage, mudroom lockers).</li>\n<li>Providing a front porch to promote neighborhood interaction.</li>\n<li>Incorporating easy to maintain gardens on rooftops, courtyards or patio spaces that promote homegrown herbs, fruits, and vegetables.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden, that address community health through a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a><span> </span>These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a critical factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are essential sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/\">https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/\">https://www.fitwel.org/centerforactivedesign/</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a><span> </span>Leadership for Healthy Communities.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a><span> </span>Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190415175314/https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a><span> </span>Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130812192814/http://activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a><span> </span>(accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><span> </span>Waters, Hugh, and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190330215843/https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a><span> </span>Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181121145430/http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/\">Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cclr.org/\">Center for Creative Land Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/state/planning/spc-redevelopment-brownfields-task-force.html\">NJ Brownfields Redevelopment Task Force</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/brownfields/\">NJ DEP Office of Brownfield Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/finance/hdsrf/hdsrf_chart.htm\">NJ DEP Brownfield Remediation and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/kcsnj/\">New Jersey Known Contaminated Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-12/documents/state_brownfields_voluntary_response_program_report_508_11-2017_web.pdf\">US EPA State Brownfields and Voluntary Response Programs, New Jersey</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Active Living','','publish','closed','open','','nr-active-living','','','2022-06-23 18:47:13','2022-06-23 18:47:13','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1368',0,'post','',0),(1370,3,'2022-04-04 18:49:50','2022-04-04 18:49:50','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Active Living?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Active Living</b></strong></h2>\n<p>A first step to implementing active living into everyday life includes selecting a location or residential developments that include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mixed land use neighborhoods.</li>\n<li>Pedestrian-friendly designs with traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Continuous bike networks and bicycle infrastructure such as indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>A pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists with pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Public spaces designed to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Access to healthy food such as local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>Smaller parking lots located in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into home design:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Designing inviting and easy to access outdoor spaces that encourage time spent in nature.</li>\n<li>Incorporating space for exercising and for storage of active lifestyle equipment and gear (e.g., wall mounted bicycle storage, mudroom lockers).</li>\n<li>Providing a front porch to promote neighborhood interaction.</li>\n<li>Incorporating easy to maintain gardens on rooftops, courtyards or patio spaces that promote homegrown herbs, fruits, and vegetables.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden, that address community health through a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a><span> </span>These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a critical factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are essential sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a><span> </span>Leadership for Healthy Communities.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a><span> </span>Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a><span> </span>Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a><span> </span>(accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><span> </span>Waters, Hugh, and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a><span> </span>Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/\">Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cclr.org/\">Center for Creative Land Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/state/planning/spc-redevelopment-brownfields-task-force.html\">NJ Brownfields Redevelopment Task Force</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/brownfields/\">NJ DEP Office of Brownfield Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/finance/hdsrf/hdsrf_chart.htm\">NJ DEP Brownfield Remediation and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/kcsnj/\">New Jersey Known Contaminated Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-12/documents/state_brownfields_voluntary_response_program_report_508_11-2017_web.pdf\">US EPA State Brownfields and Voluntary Response Programs, New Jersey</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Active Living','','inherit','closed','closed','','1368-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:49:50','2022-04-04 18:49:50','',1368,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1370',0,'revision','',0),(1371,3,'2022-04-04 18:49:50','2022-04-04 18:49:50','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Active Living?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Active Living</b></strong></h2>\n<p>A first step to implementing active living into everyday life includes selecting a location or residential developments that include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mixed land use neighborhoods.</li>\n<li>Pedestrian-friendly designs with traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Continuous bike networks and bicycle infrastructure such as indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>A pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists with pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Public spaces designed to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Access to healthy food such as local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>Smaller parking lots located in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into home design:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Designing inviting and easy to access outdoor spaces that encourage time spent in nature.</li>\n<li>Incorporating space for exercising and for storage of active lifestyle equipment and gear (e.g., wall mounted bicycle storage, mudroom lockers).</li>\n<li>Providing a front porch to promote neighborhood interaction.</li>\n<li>Incorporating easy to maintain gardens on rooftops, courtyards or patio spaces that promote homegrown herbs, fruits, and vegetables.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden, that address community health through a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a><span> </span>These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a critical factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are essential sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a><span> </span>Leadership for Healthy Communities.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a><span> </span>Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a><span> </span>Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a><span> </span>(accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><span> </span>Waters, Hugh, and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a><span> </span>Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/\">Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cclr.org/\">Center for Creative Land Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/state/planning/spc-redevelopment-brownfields-task-force.html\">NJ Brownfields Redevelopment Task Force</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/brownfields/\">NJ DEP Office of Brownfield Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/finance/hdsrf/hdsrf_chart.htm\">NJ DEP Brownfield Remediation and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/kcsnj/\">New Jersey Known Contaminated Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-12/documents/state_brownfields_voluntary_response_program_report_508_11-2017_web.pdf\">US EPA State Brownfields and Voluntary Response Programs, New Jersey</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning','','inherit','closed','closed','','1368-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:49:50','2022-04-04 18:49:50','',1368,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1371',0,'revision','',0),(1372,3,'2022-04-04 18:49:54','2022-04-04 18:49:54','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Active Living\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Active Living?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living incorporates physical activity on a daily basis to promote physical and mental well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Many adults do not meet the Surgeon General’s recommendations for regular physical activity, mainly because driving replaces walking and biking as the primary mode of transportation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Some of this change is due to individual decisions. Another explanation is the built environment; many communities lack sidewalks and bike lanes and other amenities that would otherwise promote active living.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>The settings where people spend their time – work, home, and school, for example – influence daily behaviors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_167\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"572\"]<img class=\"wp-image-167 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Active-Living-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)\" width=\"572\" height=\"454\" /> Figure 1 – Children walking to school (Source: Voorhees Transportation Center)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Active living incorporates physical activity into daily routines, such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Playing in the park</li>\n<li>Taking the stairs</li>\n<li>Using recreation facilities</li>\n<li>Walking or bicycling for exercise, pleasure, or transportation</li>\n<li>Working in the yard</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active design contributes to public health initiatives and also has positive environmental effects. Strategies that increase the physical activity – such as promoting walking over driving, stairs over elevator usage and recreation over stationary activities such as video games – all also tend to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living design provides access by people of all ages and varying mobility.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Active Living</b></strong></h2>\n<p>A first step to implementing active living into everyday life includes selecting a location or residential developments that include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mixed land use neighborhoods.</li>\n<li>Pedestrian-friendly designs with traffic calming features, landscaping, lighting, benches, and water fountains.</li>\n<li>Continuous bike networks and bicycle infrastructure such as indoor and outdoor bike parking accommodations.</li>\n<li>A pleasant, safe and secure outdoor environment for pedestrians and cyclists with pedestrian-scale lighting, entrances that are easy to see and access from cross streets, ADA accessible sidewalks and ramps, and ground floor windows that provide “eyes on the street.”</li>\n<li>Easy access to open spaces, parks, plazas, public buildings, recreational facilities, schools, and trails.</li>\n<li>Public spaces designed to accommodate a wide range of public uses.</li>\n<li>Access to public transit and multi-modal transit hubs.</li>\n<li>Access to healthy food such as local grocery stores and farmer’s markets.</li>\n<li>Smaller parking lots located in areas away from primary pedestrian traffic.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are also steps that can be taken to incorporate active living into home design:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Designing inviting and easy to access outdoor spaces that encourage time spent in nature.</li>\n<li>Incorporating space for exercising and for storage of active lifestyle equipment and gear (e.g., wall mounted bicycle storage, mudroom lockers).</li>\n<li>Providing a front porch to promote neighborhood interaction.</li>\n<li>Incorporating easy to maintain gardens on rooftops, courtyards or patio spaces that promote homegrown herbs, fruits, and vegetables.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.gethealthycamden.com/\">Get Healthy Camden</a></p>\n<p>Get Healthy Camden is working to building a culture of health in the City of Camden. The organization implements programs related to healthy eating, healthy living, and active living. These programs grew from the blueprint developed by Get Healthy Camden, that address community health through a “comprehensive citywide wellness policy that consists of policies and systems that create walking and biking paths, parks and open space, healthy and affordable food outlets, and that makes Camden an environment that supports daily physical activity and nutrition.”<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Active living can provide both short and long-term benefits to people of all ages and abilities. Short-term benefits include<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased ease performing daily activities such as climbing stairs</li>\n<li>increased energy and the ability to cope with stress</li>\n<li>improved sleep</li>\n<li>decreased risk of depression</li>\n<li>improvements in student performance, including grades and standardized test scores<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Potential long-term benefits include reduced risk for specific health problems such as:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>back pain</li>\n<li>high blood pressure</li>\n<li>obesity and obesity-related diseases</li>\n<li>anxiety and depression</li>\n<li>cancer<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Active living can also reduce reliance on automobiles and promote increased positive/personal interaction in the community.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost to implement active living strategies depends on a variety of factors. As with any community design process, some costs include collecting data from the neighborhood as well as the implementation costs of various programs such as walking clubs or bicycle recycle initiatives.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a><span> </span>These costs are dependent on the existing design of a community as well as the population within it and their willingness to volunteer their time and resources to active living.</p>\n<p>An integrated design process and considering active living design strategies from the start can minimize costs regardless of project scale. A study released in 2018 identified the total cost of chronic diseases related to individuals identified as obese or overweight was $1.72 trillion or 9.3% of the United States gross domestic product (GDP).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living can have long-term positive impacts on public health that reduce costs on a community scale.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Health is a critical factor in community resilience, defined as the sustained ability of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a><span> </span>Active living helps promote a healthier community of people who are better able to endure and recover from a disaster or emergency event. Accessible public spaces help develop community connections that are essential sources of support during emergencies.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>CDC. Adult Obesity – Causes &amp; Consequences. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html\">https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “Active Living Resource Center.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128\">https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/program_results_reports/2011/rwjf69128</a><span> </span>(accessed September 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>New York City Department of Design and Construction. “Active Design Guidelines.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf\">https://centerforactivedesign.org/dl/guidelines.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>New Jersey Health Initiatives. 2016. Get Healthy Camden – A Partnership for Healthy Kids Program<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf\">https://www.njhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Get-Healthy-Camden_NJHI-Blueprint_v2_FULL.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed January 7, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Importance of Physical Activity<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html\">https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/be-active/importance-of-physical-activity/index.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6. 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a><span> </span>Leadership for Healthy Communities.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx\">http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/leadership-for-healthy-communities.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed January 5, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a><span> </span>Warburton, D.E., Whitney Nicol, C., Bredin, S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence Can. Med. Assoc. J., Mar 2006; 174: 801 – 809</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a>  US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Active Living.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html\">https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/priorities/prevention/strategy/active-living.html</a><span> </span>(accessed January 5, 2019)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a><span> </span>Active Living By Design. “5P Strategies and Tactics.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics\">http://www.activelivingbydesign.org/our-approach/5p-strategies-tactics</a><span> </span>(accessed March 18, 2011).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><span> </span>Waters, Hugh, and Marlon Graf. America’s Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs of Excess Weight.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944\">https://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/view/944</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-active-living/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a><span> </span>Public Health Emergency. Build and Sustain Healthy, Resilient Communities.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx\">https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/nhss/Pages/communities.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/\">Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cclr.org/\">Center for Creative Land Recycling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/state/planning/spc-redevelopment-brownfields-task-force.html\">NJ Brownfields Redevelopment Task Force</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/brownfields/\">NJ DEP Office of Brownfield Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/finance/hdsrf/hdsrf_chart.htm\">NJ DEP Brownfield Remediation and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/kcsnj/\">New Jersey Known Contaminated Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-12/documents/state_brownfields_voluntary_response_program_report_508_11-2017_web.pdf\">US EPA State Brownfields and Voluntary Response Programs, New Jersey</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Active Living','','inherit','closed','closed','','1368-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:49:54','2022-04-04 18:49:54','',1368,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1372',0,'revision','',0),(1373,3,'2022-04-04 18:53:58','2022-04-04 18:53:58','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Biophilic Design\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Biophilic Design?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design is related to the concept of biophilia, a term popularized by biologist E.O. Wilson, that suggests connections with the natural world enhance human physical and mental well-being.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup><span> </span>The biophilia hypothesis indicates that people have a biological affinity for nature, based on such an affinity’s evolutionary advantage. An affinity for the natural world can be broken down into nine categories representing different values and expressions of biophilia, including the natural world as a source of material utilization and exploitation, physical beauty and appeal, empirical knowledge and understanding, communication and thought, exploration and discovery, bonding and companionship, mastery and control, moral and spiritual connection, and fear and repression.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Biophilic design, which incorporates connections to natural systems and materials into the built environment, creates an opportunity for exercising and strengthening biophilic values, which in turn, opens the door to physical, intellectual, and emotional benefits.</p>\n<p><u>Key Elements of Biophilic Design<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Environmental features</li>\n<li>Natural shapes and forms</li>\n<li>Natural patterns and processes</li>\n<li>Daylight and open space</li>\n<li>Place-based relationships</li>\n<li>Evolved human-nature relationships</li>\n</ul>\n<p>These biophilic design attributes are defined further in the book,<em><i><span> </span>“Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life</i></em>” by Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_69\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"606\"]<img class=\"wp-image-69 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Biophillic-Design-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Biophilic design connects the interior with the outdoors through well-placed windows and views (Source: Jennifer Souder)\" width=\"606\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1 – Biophilic design connects the interior with the outdoors through well-placed windows and views (Source: Jennifer Souder)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Biophilic Design</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Specify biophilic design goals early in the design process and engage the entire project team. Biophilic design involves the use of local, natural materials, potted plants, courtyard gardens, views to nature, natural light and ventilation, water features, animals and aquariums, and blurring the boundaries between the building and the surrounding landscape (see<span> </span><em><i>Views and Operable Windows, Native and Adapted Plants, Daylighting, Natural Ventilation</i></em>).</p>\n<p>Studies show that fractal patterns found in nature and natural patterns such as “waves, leaves in a breeze, fish swimming in an aquarium, or a flickering fire,” captivate people’s attention and induce states of relaxation far better than spaces and views without “visual richness” such as blank, white walls or tree-less streets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Look to incorporate patterns found in nature through representational artwork, ornamentation, biomorphic forms and use of natural materials such as wood and stone.</p>\n<p>Incorporate biophilic design into the home through strategies such as the simple addition of indoor plants or large well-placed windows that provide visual connections to the outdoors. Design a green home with porches, patios or decks that provide access to the outdoors. Place hedges, fences, larger plants, gazebos or gliders in the backyard to create different outdoor spaces to enjoy and create an extension of the home. These outdoor activity areas can include spaces for play, meditation, and outdoor dining. Biophilic design promotes a connection to the daily and seasonal changes in the natural world and incorporates elements such as local views, natural materials, plants, water, and natural light as well as ventilation for the home.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html\">Optimum Performance Home – Sea Ranch, California</a></u><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The design of the Optimum Performance Home at Sea Ranch, California, incorporates dynamic natural light throughout the primary living spaces oriented east, west, and south. Materials used in the interior of the home change textures as natural light phases in, out and across the home during the day. The orientation of the home provides cross ventilation of fresh air from the Pacific Ocean breeze through the use of the windows, doors, and operable skylights. Distant views of the Pacific Ocean from inside and outside spaces within the home visually link the home to its surrounding beach location. Multiple transition areas such as covered walkways, courtyard, decks, and a garden that visually and physically extends the livable space into the natural environment enhance free-flowing movement between indoor and outdoor spaces. Although based upon a home in California, similar biophilic design elements work or an east coast home.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Many studies document the benefits of a connection to nature in the built environment. For example, studies point to positive gains in workplace productivity through increased mental focus and attention, enhanced cognitive functioning, reduced stress levels, greater worker satisfaction, elevated moods, and less sick days; views to nature result in shorter recovery rates in hospitals, and daylighting increases sales in retail buildings and improves test scores and accelerates learning rates in schools.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>For example, pain medication was requested 23 percent less with patients in hospital rooms with morning sunshine compared to rooms lacking natural light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Another study showed that students with access to natural light from operable skylights improved 19-20% faster than students in classrooms without a skylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Recent studies that quantify the benefits of biophilic design elements in the built environment help advance biophilic design from an add-on to an integrated design strategy and profitable pursuit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>One peer-reviewed study by Terrapin Bright Green, LLC (see<span> </span><em><i>Resources</i></em>) measures and quantifies the cost-benefits of biophilic design on the following indicators of productivity:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Illness and absenteeism</li>\n<li>Staff retention</li>\n<li>Job performance (mental stress/fatigue)</li>\n<li>Healing rates</li>\n<li>Classroom learning rates</li>\n<li>Retail sales</li>\n<li>Violence statistics</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design can lead to a deeper connection to nature, which in turn, can foster an environmental ethic that supports ecological resilience by protecting the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area and enhancing the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance. A common biophilic design feature, such as daylighting provides resiliency benefits by maintaining lighting levels for critical functions during grid outages. The use of local materials supports local knowledge and resources for maintaining and rebuilding after storms. Natural materials such as stone provide strength and durability and also help in maintaining thermal comfort during power outages (see<span> </span><em><i>Thermal Mass</i></em>). Biophilic design connects buildings to nature and links building systems to complex, natural systems that can adapt to changing conditions – a cornerstone of resiliency. Some of our most historic and beloved buildings incorporate biophilic design elements, supporting the notion that people and communities look to maintain and protect beautiful, timeless and inspiring buildings.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>International Living Building Institute. Biophilic Design Initiative.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211223204535/https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic design-overview/</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Kellert, Stephen. “Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development.” Island Press, Shearwater Books. Washington, D.C. 1997. Page 3.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211223204535/https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center. <span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html\">https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Sole-Smith, Virginia. “Nature on the Threshold.”<span> </span><em><i>New York Times</i></em>, September 7, 2006, Home and Garden section.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Heschong, Lisa.<span> </span><em><i>Daylighting in Schools</i></em>. California Board for Energy Efficiency. 1999.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20111220211747/http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf\">http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>Wilson, Alex.<span> </span><em><i>Biophilia in Practice: Buildings that Connect People with Nature.<span> </span></i></em>Building Green, July 2006.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature </a></u>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 4 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Mass</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.biophilicdesign.net/\">Biophilic Design – The Architecture of Life</a><u></u></li>\n<li>Heerwagen, Judith, Kellert, Stephen, Mador, Martin. 2008.<span> </span><em><i>Biophilic Design: Theory, Research, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life.</i></em><span> </span>John Wiley.</li>\n<li>Kellert, Steven. 2005.<span> </span><em><i>Buildings for Life –<span> </span></i>Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection.<span> </span></em>Island Press.</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/580/biophilic-design\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211223204535/https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">Terrapin Bright Green LLC – The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature makes economic sense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psychspace_value.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Psychosocial Value of Space</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Biophilic Design','','publish','closed','open','','nr-biophilic-design','','','2022-06-23 18:47:33','2022-06-23 18:47:33','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1373',0,'post','',0),(1375,3,'2022-04-04 18:53:58','2022-04-04 18:53:58','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Biophilic Design\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Biophilic Design?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design is related to the concept of biophilia, a term popularized by biologist E.O. Wilson, that suggests connections with the natural world enhance human physical and mental well-being.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup><span> </span>The biophilia hypothesis indicates that people have a biological affinity for nature, based on such an affinity’s evolutionary advantage. An affinity for the natural world can be broken down into nine categories representing different values and expressions of biophilia, including the natural world as a source of material utilization and exploitation, physical beauty and appeal, empirical knowledge and understanding, communication and thought, exploration and discovery, bonding and companionship, mastery and control, moral and spiritual connection, and fear and repression.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Biophilic design, which incorporates connections to natural systems and materials into the built environment, creates an opportunity for exercising and strengthening biophilic values, which in turn, opens the door to physical, intellectual, and emotional benefits.</p>\n<p><u>Key Elements of Biophilic Design<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Environmental features</li>\n<li>Natural shapes and forms</li>\n<li>Natural patterns and processes</li>\n<li>Daylight and open space</li>\n<li>Place-based relationships</li>\n<li>Evolved human-nature relationships</li>\n</ul>\n<p>These biophilic design attributes are defined further in the book,<em><i><span> </span>“Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life</i></em>” by Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_69\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"606\"]<img class=\"wp-image-69 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Biophillic-Design-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Biophilic design connects the interior with the outdoors through well-placed windows and views (Source: Jennifer Souder)\" width=\"606\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1 – Biophilic design connects the interior with the outdoors through well-placed windows and views (Source: Jennifer Souder)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Biophilic Design</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Specify biophilic design goals early in the design process and engage the entire project team. Biophilic design involves the use of local, natural materials, potted plants, courtyard gardens, views to nature, natural light and ventilation, water features, animals and aquariums, and blurring the boundaries between the building and the surrounding landscape (see<span> </span><em><i>Views and Operable Windows, Native and Adapted Plants, Daylighting, Natural Ventilation</i></em>).</p>\n<p>Studies show that fractal patterns found in nature and natural patterns such as “waves, leaves in a breeze, fish swimming in an aquarium, or a flickering fire,” captivate people’s attention and induce states of relaxation far better than spaces and views without “visual richness” such as blank, white walls or tree-less streets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Look to incorporate patterns found in nature through representational artwork, ornamentation, biomorphic forms and use of natural materials such as wood and stone.</p>\n<p>Incorporate biophilic design into the home through strategies such as the simple addition of indoor plants or large well-placed windows that provide visual connections to the outdoors. Design a green home with porches, patios or decks that provide access to the outdoors. Place hedges, fences, larger plants, gazebos or gliders in the backyard to create different outdoor spaces to enjoy and create an extension of the home. These outdoor activity areas can include spaces for play, meditation, and outdoor dining. Biophilic design promotes a connection to the daily and seasonal changes in the natural world and incorporates elements such as local views, natural materials, plants, water, and natural light as well as ventilation for the home.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html\">Optimum Performance Home – Sea Ranch, California</a></u><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The design of the Optimum Performance Home at Sea Ranch, California, incorporates dynamic natural light throughout the primary living spaces oriented east, west, and south. Materials used in the interior of the home change textures as natural light phases in, out and across the home during the day. The orientation of the home provides cross ventilation of fresh air from the Pacific Ocean breeze through the use of the windows, doors, and operable skylights. Distant views of the Pacific Ocean from inside and outside spaces within the home visually link the home to its surrounding beach location. Multiple transition areas such as covered walkways, courtyard, decks, and a garden that visually and physically extends the livable space into the natural environment enhance free-flowing movement between indoor and outdoor spaces. Although based upon a home in California, similar biophilic design elements work or an east coast home.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Many studies document the benefits of a connection to nature in the built environment. For example, studies point to positive gains in workplace productivity through increased mental focus and attention, enhanced cognitive functioning, reduced stress levels, greater worker satisfaction, elevated moods, and less sick days; views to nature result in shorter recovery rates in hospitals, and daylighting increases sales in retail buildings and improves test scores and accelerates learning rates in schools.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>For example, pain medication was requested 23 percent less with patients in hospital rooms with morning sunshine compared to rooms lacking natural light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Another study showed that students with access to natural light from operable skylights improved 19-20% faster than students in classrooms without a skylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Recent studies that quantify the benefits of biophilic design elements in the built environment help advance biophilic design from an add-on to an integrated design strategy and profitable pursuit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>One peer-reviewed study by Terrapin Bright Green, LLC (see<span> </span><em><i>Resources</i></em>) measures and quantifies the cost-benefits of biophilic design on the following indicators of productivity:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Illness and absenteeism</li>\n<li>Staff retention</li>\n<li>Job performance (mental stress/fatigue)</li>\n<li>Healing rates</li>\n<li>Classroom learning rates</li>\n<li>Retail sales</li>\n<li>Violence statistics</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design can lead to a deeper connection to nature, which in turn, can foster an environmental ethic that supports ecological resilience by protecting the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area and enhancing the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance. A common biophilic design feature, such as daylighting provides resiliency benefits by maintaining lighting levels for critical functions during grid outages. The use of local materials supports local knowledge and resources for maintaining and rebuilding after storms. Natural materials such as stone provide strength and durability and also help in maintaining thermal comfort during power outages (see<span> </span><em><i>Thermal Mass</i></em>). Biophilic design connects buildings to nature and links building systems to complex, natural systems that can adapt to changing conditions – a cornerstone of resiliency. Some of our most historic and beloved buildings incorporate biophilic design elements, supporting the notion that people and communities look to maintain and protect beautiful, timeless and inspiring buildings.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>International Living Building Institute. Biophilic Design Initiative.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic design-overview/</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Kellert, Stephen. “Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development.” Island Press, Shearwater Books. Washington, D.C. 1997. Page 3.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center. <span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html\">https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Sole-Smith, Virginia. “Nature on the Threshold.”<span> </span><em><i>New York Times</i></em>, September 7, 2006, Home and Garden section.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Heschong, Lisa.<span> </span><em><i>Daylighting in Schools</i></em>. California Board for Energy Efficiency. 1999.<span> </span><u><a href=\"http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf\">http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>Wilson, Alex.<span> </span><em><i>Biophilia in Practice: Buildings that Connect People with Nature.<span> </span></i></em>Building Green, July 2006.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature </a></u>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 4 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Mass</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.biophilicdesign.net/\">Biophilic Design – The Architecture of Life</a><u></u></li>\n<li>Heerwagen, Judith, Kellert, Stephen, Mador, Martin. 2008.<span> </span><em><i>Biophilic Design: Theory, Research, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life.</i></em><span> </span>John Wiley.</li>\n<li>Kellert, Steven. 2005.<span> </span><em><i>Buildings for Life –<span> </span></i>Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection.<span> </span></em>Island Press.</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/580/biophilic-design\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">Terrapin Bright Green LLC – The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature makes economic sense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psychspace_value.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Psychosocial Value of Space</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Biophilic Design','','inherit','closed','closed','','1373-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:53:58','2022-04-04 18:53:58','',1373,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1375',0,'revision','',0),(1376,3,'2022-04-04 18:53:59','2022-04-04 18:53:59','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Biophilic Design\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Biophilic Design?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design is related to the concept of biophilia, a term popularized by biologist E.O. Wilson, that suggests connections with the natural world enhance human physical and mental well-being.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup><span> </span>The biophilia hypothesis indicates that people have a biological affinity for nature, based on such an affinity’s evolutionary advantage. An affinity for the natural world can be broken down into nine categories representing different values and expressions of biophilia, including the natural world as a source of material utilization and exploitation, physical beauty and appeal, empirical knowledge and understanding, communication and thought, exploration and discovery, bonding and companionship, mastery and control, moral and spiritual connection, and fear and repression.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Biophilic design, which incorporates connections to natural systems and materials into the built environment, creates an opportunity for exercising and strengthening biophilic values, which in turn, opens the door to physical, intellectual, and emotional benefits.</p>\n<p><u>Key Elements of Biophilic Design<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Environmental features</li>\n<li>Natural shapes and forms</li>\n<li>Natural patterns and processes</li>\n<li>Daylight and open space</li>\n<li>Place-based relationships</li>\n<li>Evolved human-nature relationships</li>\n</ul>\n<p>These biophilic design attributes are defined further in the book,<em><i><span> </span>“Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life</i></em>” by Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_69\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"606\"]<img class=\"wp-image-69 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Biophillic-Design-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Biophilic design connects the interior with the outdoors through well-placed windows and views (Source: Jennifer Souder)\" width=\"606\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1 – Biophilic design connects the interior with the outdoors through well-placed windows and views (Source: Jennifer Souder)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Biophilic Design</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Specify biophilic design goals early in the design process and engage the entire project team. Biophilic design involves the use of local, natural materials, potted plants, courtyard gardens, views to nature, natural light and ventilation, water features, animals and aquariums, and blurring the boundaries between the building and the surrounding landscape (see<span> </span><em><i>Views and Operable Windows, Native and Adapted Plants, Daylighting, Natural Ventilation</i></em>).</p>\n<p>Studies show that fractal patterns found in nature and natural patterns such as “waves, leaves in a breeze, fish swimming in an aquarium, or a flickering fire,” captivate people’s attention and induce states of relaxation far better than spaces and views without “visual richness” such as blank, white walls or tree-less streets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Look to incorporate patterns found in nature through representational artwork, ornamentation, biomorphic forms and use of natural materials such as wood and stone.</p>\n<p>Incorporate biophilic design into the home through strategies such as the simple addition of indoor plants or large well-placed windows that provide visual connections to the outdoors. Design a green home with porches, patios or decks that provide access to the outdoors. Place hedges, fences, larger plants, gazebos or gliders in the backyard to create different outdoor spaces to enjoy and create an extension of the home. These outdoor activity areas can include spaces for play, meditation, and outdoor dining. Biophilic design promotes a connection to the daily and seasonal changes in the natural world and incorporates elements such as local views, natural materials, plants, water, and natural light as well as ventilation for the home.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html\">Optimum Performance Home – Sea Ranch, California</a></u><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The design of the Optimum Performance Home at Sea Ranch, California, incorporates dynamic natural light throughout the primary living spaces oriented east, west, and south. Materials used in the interior of the home change textures as natural light phases in, out and across the home during the day. The orientation of the home provides cross ventilation of fresh air from the Pacific Ocean breeze through the use of the windows, doors, and operable skylights. Distant views of the Pacific Ocean from inside and outside spaces within the home visually link the home to its surrounding beach location. Multiple transition areas such as covered walkways, courtyard, decks, and a garden that visually and physically extends the livable space into the natural environment enhance free-flowing movement between indoor and outdoor spaces. Although based upon a home in California, similar biophilic design elements work or an east coast home.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Many studies document the benefits of a connection to nature in the built environment. For example, studies point to positive gains in workplace productivity through increased mental focus and attention, enhanced cognitive functioning, reduced stress levels, greater worker satisfaction, elevated moods, and less sick days; views to nature result in shorter recovery rates in hospitals, and daylighting increases sales in retail buildings and improves test scores and accelerates learning rates in schools.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>For example, pain medication was requested 23 percent less with patients in hospital rooms with morning sunshine compared to rooms lacking natural light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Another study showed that students with access to natural light from operable skylights improved 19-20% faster than students in classrooms without a skylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Recent studies that quantify the benefits of biophilic design elements in the built environment help advance biophilic design from an add-on to an integrated design strategy and profitable pursuit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>One peer-reviewed study by Terrapin Bright Green, LLC (see<span> </span><em><i>Resources</i></em>) measures and quantifies the cost-benefits of biophilic design on the following indicators of productivity:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Illness and absenteeism</li>\n<li>Staff retention</li>\n<li>Job performance (mental stress/fatigue)</li>\n<li>Healing rates</li>\n<li>Classroom learning rates</li>\n<li>Retail sales</li>\n<li>Violence statistics</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design can lead to a deeper connection to nature, which in turn, can foster an environmental ethic that supports ecological resilience by protecting the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area and enhancing the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance. A common biophilic design feature, such as daylighting provides resiliency benefits by maintaining lighting levels for critical functions during grid outages. The use of local materials supports local knowledge and resources for maintaining and rebuilding after storms. Natural materials such as stone provide strength and durability and also help in maintaining thermal comfort during power outages (see<span> </span><em><i>Thermal Mass</i></em>). Biophilic design connects buildings to nature and links building systems to complex, natural systems that can adapt to changing conditions – a cornerstone of resiliency. Some of our most historic and beloved buildings incorporate biophilic design elements, supporting the notion that people and communities look to maintain and protect beautiful, timeless and inspiring buildings.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>International Living Building Institute. Biophilic Design Initiative.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic design-overview/</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Kellert, Stephen. “Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development.” Island Press, Shearwater Books. Washington, D.C. 1997. Page 3.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center. <span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html\">https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Sole-Smith, Virginia. “Nature on the Threshold.”<span> </span><em><i>New York Times</i></em>, September 7, 2006, Home and Garden section.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Heschong, Lisa.<span> </span><em><i>Daylighting in Schools</i></em>. California Board for Energy Efficiency. 1999.<span> </span><u><a href=\"http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf\">http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>Wilson, Alex.<span> </span><em><i>Biophilia in Practice: Buildings that Connect People with Nature.<span> </span></i></em>Building Green, July 2006.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature </a></u>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 4 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Mass</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.biophilicdesign.net/\">Biophilic Design – The Architecture of Life</a><u></u></li>\n<li>Heerwagen, Judith, Kellert, Stephen, Mador, Martin. 2008.<span> </span><em><i>Biophilic Design: Theory, Research, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life.</i></em><span> </span>John Wiley.</li>\n<li>Kellert, Steven. 2005.<span> </span><em><i>Buildings for Life –<span> </span></i>Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection.<span> </span></em>Island Press.</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/580/biophilic-design\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">Terrapin Bright Green LLC – The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature makes economic sense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psychspace_value.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Psychosocial Value of Space</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Active Living','','inherit','closed','closed','','1373-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:53:59','2022-04-04 18:53:59','',1373,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1376',0,'revision','',0),(1378,3,'2022-04-04 18:54:02','2022-04-04 18:54:02','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Biophilic Design\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Biophilic Design?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design is related to the concept of biophilia, a term popularized by biologist E.O. Wilson, that suggests connections with the natural world enhance human physical and mental well-being.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup><span> </span>The biophilia hypothesis indicates that people have a biological affinity for nature, based on such an affinity’s evolutionary advantage. An affinity for the natural world can be broken down into nine categories representing different values and expressions of biophilia, including the natural world as a source of material utilization and exploitation, physical beauty and appeal, empirical knowledge and understanding, communication and thought, exploration and discovery, bonding and companionship, mastery and control, moral and spiritual connection, and fear and repression.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Biophilic design, which incorporates connections to natural systems and materials into the built environment, creates an opportunity for exercising and strengthening biophilic values, which in turn, opens the door to physical, intellectual, and emotional benefits.</p>\n<p><u>Key Elements of Biophilic Design<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a></u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Environmental features</li>\n<li>Natural shapes and forms</li>\n<li>Natural patterns and processes</li>\n<li>Daylight and open space</li>\n<li>Place-based relationships</li>\n<li>Evolved human-nature relationships</li>\n</ul>\n<p>These biophilic design attributes are defined further in the book,<em><i><span> </span>“Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life</i></em>” by Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_69\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"606\"]<img class=\"wp-image-69 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Biophillic-Design-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Biophilic design connects the interior with the outdoors through well-placed windows and views (Source: Jennifer Souder)\" width=\"606\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1 – Biophilic design connects the interior with the outdoors through well-placed windows and views (Source: Jennifer Souder)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Biophilic Design</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Specify biophilic design goals early in the design process and engage the entire project team. Biophilic design involves the use of local, natural materials, potted plants, courtyard gardens, views to nature, natural light and ventilation, water features, animals and aquariums, and blurring the boundaries between the building and the surrounding landscape (see<span> </span><em><i>Views and Operable Windows, Native and Adapted Plants, Daylighting, Natural Ventilation</i></em>).</p>\n<p>Studies show that fractal patterns found in nature and natural patterns such as “waves, leaves in a breeze, fish swimming in an aquarium, or a flickering fire,” captivate people’s attention and induce states of relaxation far better than spaces and views without “visual richness” such as blank, white walls or tree-less streets.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Look to incorporate patterns found in nature through representational artwork, ornamentation, biomorphic forms and use of natural materials such as wood and stone.</p>\n<p>Incorporate biophilic design into the home through strategies such as the simple addition of indoor plants or large well-placed windows that provide visual connections to the outdoors. Design a green home with porches, patios or decks that provide access to the outdoors. Place hedges, fences, larger plants, gazebos or gliders in the backyard to create different outdoor spaces to enjoy and create an extension of the home. These outdoor activity areas can include spaces for play, meditation, and outdoor dining. Biophilic design promotes a connection to the daily and seasonal changes in the natural world and incorporates elements such as local views, natural materials, plants, water, and natural light as well as ventilation for the home.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Example</b></strong></h3>\n<p><u><a href=\"https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html\">Optimum Performance Home – Sea Ranch, California</a></u><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<p>The design of the Optimum Performance Home at Sea Ranch, California, incorporates dynamic natural light throughout the primary living spaces oriented east, west, and south. Materials used in the interior of the home change textures as natural light phases in, out and across the home during the day. The orientation of the home provides cross ventilation of fresh air from the Pacific Ocean breeze through the use of the windows, doors, and operable skylights. Distant views of the Pacific Ocean from inside and outside spaces within the home visually link the home to its surrounding beach location. Multiple transition areas such as covered walkways, courtyard, decks, and a garden that visually and physically extends the livable space into the natural environment enhance free-flowing movement between indoor and outdoor spaces. Although based upon a home in California, similar biophilic design elements work or an east coast home.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Many studies document the benefits of a connection to nature in the built environment. For example, studies point to positive gains in workplace productivity through increased mental focus and attention, enhanced cognitive functioning, reduced stress levels, greater worker satisfaction, elevated moods, and less sick days; views to nature result in shorter recovery rates in hospitals, and daylighting increases sales in retail buildings and improves test scores and accelerates learning rates in schools.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>For example, pain medication was requested 23 percent less with patients in hospital rooms with morning sunshine compared to rooms lacking natural light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Another study showed that students with access to natural light from operable skylights improved 19-20% faster than students in classrooms without a skylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Recent studies that quantify the benefits of biophilic design elements in the built environment help advance biophilic design from an add-on to an integrated design strategy and profitable pursuit.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>One peer-reviewed study by Terrapin Bright Green, LLC (see<span> </span><em><i>Resources</i></em>) measures and quantifies the cost-benefits of biophilic design on the following indicators of productivity:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Illness and absenteeism</li>\n<li>Staff retention</li>\n<li>Job performance (mental stress/fatigue)</li>\n<li>Healing rates</li>\n<li>Classroom learning rates</li>\n<li>Retail sales</li>\n<li>Violence statistics</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Biophilic design can lead to a deeper connection to nature, which in turn, can foster an environmental ethic that supports ecological resilience by protecting the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area and enhancing the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance. A common biophilic design feature, such as daylighting provides resiliency benefits by maintaining lighting levels for critical functions during grid outages. The use of local materials supports local knowledge and resources for maintaining and rebuilding after storms. Natural materials such as stone provide strength and durability and also help in maintaining thermal comfort during power outages (see<span> </span><em><i>Thermal Mass</i></em>). Biophilic design connects buildings to nature and links building systems to complex, natural systems that can adapt to changing conditions – a cornerstone of resiliency. Some of our most historic and beloved buildings incorporate biophilic design elements, supporting the notion that people and communities look to maintain and protect beautiful, timeless and inspiring buildings.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>International Living Building Institute. Biophilic Design Initiative.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic design-overview/</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Kellert, Stephen. “Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia in Human Evolution and Development.” Island Press, Shearwater Books. Washington, D.C. 1997. Page 3.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 6, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center. <span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html\">https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/newsroom/enews/Apr07/Research361.html</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed Sept 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Sole-Smith, Virginia. “Nature on the Threshold.”<span> </span><em><i>New York Times</i></em>, September 7, 2006, Home and Garden section.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/07/garden/07bio.html</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Heschong, Lisa.<span> </span><em><i>Daylighting in Schools</i></em>. California Board for Energy Efficiency. 1999.<span> </span><u><a href=\"http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf\">http://www.coe.uga.edu/sdpl/research/daylightingstudy.pdf</a></u><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>Wilson, Alex.<span> </span><em><i>Biophilia in Practice: Buildings that Connect People with Nature.<span> </span></i></em>Building Green, July 2006.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/feature/biophilia-practice-buildings-connect-people-nature </a></u>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. Biophilia – Why designing with nature in mind makes financial sense. Peer Review by Judith Heerwagen and Vivian Loftness.<span> </span><u><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter</a></u><span> </span>(accessed January 4 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Mass</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.biophilicdesign.net/\">Biophilic Design – The Architecture of Life</a><u></u></li>\n<li>Heerwagen, Judith, Kellert, Stephen, Mador, Martin. 2008.<span> </span><em><i>Biophilic Design: Theory, Research, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life.</i></em><span> </span>John Wiley.</li>\n<li>Kellert, Steven. 2005.<span> </span><em><i>Buildings for Life –<span> </span></i>Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection.<span> </span></em>Island Press.</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/580/biophilic-design\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Future Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/the-economics-of-biophilia/#front-matter\">Terrapin Bright Green LLC – The Economics of Biophilia – Why designing with nature makes economic sense</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psychspace_value.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Psychosocial Value of Space</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Biophilic Design','','inherit','closed','closed','','1373-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:54:02','2022-04-04 18:54:02','',1373,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1378',0,'revision','',0),(1379,3,'2022-04-04 18:57:25','2022-04-04 18:57:25','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is a Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan?</strong></h2>\n<p>A construction indoor air quality management plan is a step-by-step approach to protecting indoor air during construction and pre-occupancy. Several studies show that pollutant levels indoors are two to five times greater than outdoors. Poor indoor air quality can cause dizziness, asthma, fever, lung cancer and many other health problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></sup>Implementing protective practices during the construction phase can help prevent poor indoor air quality.</p>\n<p>Strategies, such as protecting absorptive materials from exposure to moisture to prevent mold growth and using air filters when running equipment during the installation of interior duct systems or during power equipment use (sanding) reduces the risk of poor air quality. These strategies help to protect the workforce during construction, and building occupants after the structure is built (see<span> </span><em>Table 1</em><span> </span>for a list of conventional sources of air pollution).</p>\n<p><strong>Table 1: Common Sources of Indoor Air Pollution</strong><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><img class=\"wp-image-277 aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Construction-IAQ-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1: Common Sources of Indoor Air Pollution\" width=\"1388\" height=\"686\" /></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement a Construction IAQ Management Plan</strong></h2>\n<p>The Construction IAQ Management Plan is developed during the design phase and implemented at the outset of the construction phase (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). The IAQ plan also addresses the period between the completion of construction and occupancy. Control emissions during both construction and post-construction by selecting low-emitting materials whenever possible, holding off on installation of absorbent materials (e.g., carpet, ceiling tiles) until emissions from construction contaminants (e.g., oils, adhesives, paints) have subsided, increasing ventilation during periods of high emission, protecting ducts from dust and contaminants and delaying occupancy until emissions have dissipated. If occupants are present in the building, isolate construction contaminants by establishing a full enclosure around the construction zone, establishing negative pressure within containment zone with exhaust fans and making sure that contaminants don’t re-enter the building through open windows or HVAC system intakes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Also, the building should be flushed out before occupancy. Flush out involves forcing large quantities of outdoor air through the new building to remove pollutants before occupancy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Protects the health of the construction team (and building occupants if the building remains occupied) during the construction phase.</li>\n<li>Protects the health of the occupants following construction.</li>\n<li>Prevents potential health problems by reducing airborne contaminants.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>When combined with an integrated design process, developing and implementing an IAQ management plan is not a significant financial burden but requires extensive coordination with the project team.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a comprehensive construction IAQ management plan helps ensure the building and building systems begin operation without contaminants or elements that can degrade indoor air quality. Sound IAQ management contributes to operation efficiencies through protecting building systems and indoor environmental quality for occupants. Good indoor air quality and efficient operations help contribute to a building, building systems and building occupants’ ability to withstand, recover from and adapt to extreme or unpredictable events.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>See US EPA’s webpage on<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/insidest.html#SusHealth\">Health Effects</a><span> </span>due to poor indoor air quality for a list of identified illnesses. (accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Also see<span> </span><em>Health Impact<span> </span></em>at WHO’s webpage on<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/index.html\">Indoor Air Pollution and Health</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Indoor Pollutants and Sources. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-pollutants-and-sources\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-pollutants-and-sources</a><span> </span>(accessed December 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151014075428/http://www2.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/renovation-and-new-construction-text-module-indoor-air-quality-building\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/renovation-and-new-construction-text-module-indoor-air-quality-building#cr52</a><span> </span>(accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Indoor Air and Climate Readiness.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/climate_readiness.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/climate_readiness.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed December 18, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://iaq.ashrae.org/\">ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Guide</a></li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190628205612/https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-quality-building-education-and-assessment-model\">iBeam</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq\">Indoor Air Quality</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan','','publish','closed','open','','nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management','','','2022-06-23 18:47:47','2022-06-23 18:47:47','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1379',0,'post','',0),(1381,3,'2022-04-04 18:57:25','2022-04-04 18:57:25','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is a Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan?</strong></h2>\n<p>A construction indoor air quality management plan is a step-by-step approach to protecting indoor air during construction and pre-occupancy. Several studies show that pollutant levels indoors are two to five times greater than outdoors. Poor indoor air quality can cause dizziness, asthma, fever, lung cancer and many other health problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></sup>Implementing protective practices during the construction phase can help prevent poor indoor air quality.</p>\n<p>Strategies, such as protecting absorptive materials from exposure to moisture to prevent mold growth and using air filters when running equipment during the installation of interior duct systems or during power equipment use (sanding) reduces the risk of poor air quality. These strategies help to protect the workforce during construction, and building occupants after the structure is built (see<span> </span><em>Table 1</em><span> </span>for a list of conventional sources of air pollution).</p>\n<p><strong>Table 1: Common Sources of Indoor Air Pollution</strong><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><img class=\"wp-image-277 aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Construction-IAQ-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1: Common Sources of Indoor Air Pollution\" width=\"1388\" height=\"686\" /></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement a Construction IAQ Management Plan</strong></h2>\n<p>The Construction IAQ Management Plan is developed during the design phase and implemented at the outset of the construction phase (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). The IAQ plan also addresses the period between the completion of construction and occupancy. Control emissions during both construction and post-construction by selecting low-emitting materials whenever possible, holding off on installation of absorbent materials (e.g., carpet, ceiling tiles) until emissions from construction contaminants (e.g., oils, adhesives, paints) have subsided, increasing ventilation during periods of high emission, protecting ducts from dust and contaminants and delaying occupancy until emissions have dissipated. If occupants are present in the building, isolate construction contaminants by establishing a full enclosure around the construction zone, establishing negative pressure within containment zone with exhaust fans and making sure that contaminants don’t re-enter the building through open windows or HVAC system intakes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Also, the building should be flushed out before occupancy. Flush out involves forcing large quantities of outdoor air through the new building to remove pollutants before occupancy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Protects the health of the construction team (and building occupants if the building remains occupied) during the construction phase.</li>\n<li>Protects the health of the occupants following construction.</li>\n<li>Prevents potential health problems by reducing airborne contaminants.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>When combined with an integrated design process, developing and implementing an IAQ management plan is not a significant financial burden but requires extensive coordination with the project team.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a comprehensive construction IAQ management plan helps ensure the building and building systems begin operation without contaminants or elements that can degrade indoor air quality. Sound IAQ management contributes to operation efficiencies through protecting building systems and indoor environmental quality for occupants. Good indoor air quality and efficient operations help contribute to a building, building systems and building occupants’ ability to withstand, recover from and adapt to extreme or unpredictable events.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>See US EPA’s webpage on<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/insidest.html#SusHealth\">Health Effects</a><span> </span>due to poor indoor air quality for a list of identified illnesses. (accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Also see<span> </span><em>Health Impact<span> </span></em>at WHO’s webpage on<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/index.html\">Indoor Air Pollution and Health</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Indoor Pollutants and Sources. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-pollutants-and-sources\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-pollutants-and-sources</a><span> </span>(accessed December 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/renovation-and-new-construction-text-module-indoor-air-quality-building#cr52\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/renovation-and-new-construction-text-module-indoor-air-quality-building#cr52</a><span> </span>(accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Indoor Air and Climate Readiness.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/climate_readiness.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/climate_readiness.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed December 18, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://iaq.ashrae.org/\">ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Guide</a></li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-quality-building-education-and-assessment-model\">iBeam</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq\">Indoor Air Quality</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Biophilic Design','','inherit','closed','closed','','1379-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:57:25','2022-04-04 18:57:25','',1379,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1381',0,'revision','',0),(1382,3,'2022-04-04 18:57:29','2022-04-04 18:57:29','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is a Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan?</strong></h2>\n<p>A construction indoor air quality management plan is a step-by-step approach to protecting indoor air during construction and pre-occupancy. Several studies show that pollutant levels indoors are two to five times greater than outdoors. Poor indoor air quality can cause dizziness, asthma, fever, lung cancer and many other health problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></sup>Implementing protective practices during the construction phase can help prevent poor indoor air quality.</p>\n<p>Strategies, such as protecting absorptive materials from exposure to moisture to prevent mold growth and using air filters when running equipment during the installation of interior duct systems or during power equipment use (sanding) reduces the risk of poor air quality. These strategies help to protect the workforce during construction, and building occupants after the structure is built (see<span> </span><em>Table 1</em><span> </span>for a list of conventional sources of air pollution).</p>\n<p><strong>Table 1: Common Sources of Indoor Air Pollution</strong><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><img class=\"wp-image-277 aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Construction-IAQ-Table-1.png\" alt=\"Table 1: Common Sources of Indoor Air Pollution\" width=\"1388\" height=\"686\" /></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement a Construction IAQ Management Plan</strong></h2>\n<p>The Construction IAQ Management Plan is developed during the design phase and implemented at the outset of the construction phase (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). The IAQ plan also addresses the period between the completion of construction and occupancy. Control emissions during both construction and post-construction by selecting low-emitting materials whenever possible, holding off on installation of absorbent materials (e.g., carpet, ceiling tiles) until emissions from construction contaminants (e.g., oils, adhesives, paints) have subsided, increasing ventilation during periods of high emission, protecting ducts from dust and contaminants and delaying occupancy until emissions have dissipated. If occupants are present in the building, isolate construction contaminants by establishing a full enclosure around the construction zone, establishing negative pressure within containment zone with exhaust fans and making sure that contaminants don’t re-enter the building through open windows or HVAC system intakes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Also, the building should be flushed out before occupancy. Flush out involves forcing large quantities of outdoor air through the new building to remove pollutants before occupancy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Protects the health of the construction team (and building occupants if the building remains occupied) during the construction phase.</li>\n<li>Protects the health of the occupants following construction.</li>\n<li>Prevents potential health problems by reducing airborne contaminants.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>When combined with an integrated design process, developing and implementing an IAQ management plan is not a significant financial burden but requires extensive coordination with the project team.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a comprehensive construction IAQ management plan helps ensure the building and building systems begin operation without contaminants or elements that can degrade indoor air quality. Sound IAQ management contributes to operation efficiencies through protecting building systems and indoor environmental quality for occupants. Good indoor air quality and efficient operations help contribute to a building, building systems and building occupants’ ability to withstand, recover from and adapt to extreme or unpredictable events.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>See US EPA’s webpage on<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/insidest.html#SusHealth\">Health Effects</a><span> </span>due to poor indoor air quality for a list of identified illnesses. (accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Also see<span> </span><em>Health Impact<span> </span></em>at WHO’s webpage on<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/index.html\">Indoor Air Pollution and Health</a><span> </span>(accessed April 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Indoor Pollutants and Sources. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-pollutants-and-sources\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-pollutants-and-sources</a><span> </span>(accessed December 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/renovation-and-new-construction-text-module-indoor-air-quality-building#cr52\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/renovation-and-new-construction-text-module-indoor-air-quality-building#cr52</a><span> </span>(accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Indoor Air and Climate Readiness.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/climate_readiness.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/climate_readiness.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed December 18, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://iaq.ashrae.org/\">ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Guide</a></li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-quality-building-education-and-assessment-model\">iBeam</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq\">Indoor Air Quality</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan','','inherit','closed','closed','','1379-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 18:57:29','2022-04-04 18:57:29','',1379,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1382',0,'revision','',0),(1383,3,'2022-04-04 19:09:25','2022-04-04 19:09:25','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Flexible Spaces\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Flexible Spaces?</strong></h2>\n<p>Flexible spaces and flexible design principles enable future changes and extend the life of a building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Flexibility allows for individual choice over space arrangements and intended uses to support a variety of activities and preferences. Control over the layout of a space can help an occupant manage privacy needs as well as opportunities for health and well-being, social interaction and changes in household characteristics such as growing or aging households. Disassembly, deconstruction, and demolition are essential considerations for managing resources and the waste stream when creating new building environments (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>). Building upgrades and significant renovations should emphasize reusable parts and easy access to infrastructure, plumbing, and wiring as well as planning for recycling or reuse of leftover materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Flexible Spaces</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing flexible spaces requires integrated design and planning spaces for change and movement (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). The width and height proportion of the home can help guide interior wall locations, as can the location of weight-bearing walls. The width of the home affects the amount of natural light and natural ventilation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Elements such as half walls, moveable walls, mini-offices or computer stations help create multifunctional rooms. Building niches or recessed areas into rooms can offer increased opportunities for various space management in large as well as small living spaces.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p><strong>Moveable Components</strong><span> </span>– Mixing heavy furniture with light moveable pieces allows the occupant to reconfigure the space over time. Placing moveable interior, non-structural walls within a home can help increase the efficiency of the room according to the use needed for that space. For example, during the morning and daytime of a winter season, a wall can be moved to create a larger, open space so natural sunlight can reach spaces further into the home instead of just the spaces around the windows.</p>\n<p><strong>Connection to Outdoor Environment –</strong><span> </span>Installing overhead rolling doors or sliding doors with glass panels allow spaces to extend outdoors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>This strategy allows for more integration between the outdoor environment and the ease and comfort of the interior space. Incorporate operable windows to allow natural light and passive ventilation throughout the home, resulting in less energy use and increased cost savings (see<em><span> </span>Daylighting, and Natural Ventilation</em>).</p>\n<p><strong>Lighting design</strong><span> </span>is an integral part of a flexible design that supports different activities in the space. Lighting should support areas where focused work occurs (e.g., kitchen counters for food preparation) as well as background or ambient lighting. Lighting is most flexible when switching corresponds to the needs and activities of the space so that lighting not needed in some areas of the space (e.g., near windows where daylighting is available) can be controlled separately from lighting elsewhere. Dimmers also contribute to flexible lighting strategies.</p>\n<p><strong>Home Office Design –<span> </span></strong>Many individuals create home office spaces, and flexible design is helpful to support activities in both areas. Consider the activities in a space such as clients coming into the office or group meetings. Make separations between public and private areas of the home and provide an easily accessible bathroom for visitors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Similarly, create spaces that provide for individual work areas as well as areas to meet with others and a “break” area. Technology for the homeworker can be as important as in the office. Provide daylighting where possible but control for glare on computer monitors by measuring sun angles during different times of the year. Manage glare by providing window treatments that can be managed and respond to the geographic ordinates, especially east and west orientation which create different angles of sun exposure (see<em><span> </span>Daylighting</em>). Strategies such as flexibility for accessing power, voice, data, and internet, and moveable furniture, and storage on wheels can increase the adaptability of the home office.</p>\n<p><strong>Universal Design –<span> </span></strong>Universal design is an essential aspect of design to consider when planning for flexible spaces that increase opportunities for a better quality of life for all. Adaptability and low or easy maintenance are elements of universal design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Accessibility creates living spaces that adapt over time to the changing needs of households throughout life stages. Visitability is a concept applied to single-family housing that encourages affordable, sustainable, and accessible design that can be a residence for anyone and be accessible to everyone.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><strong>Design for Disassembly –<span> </span></strong>Other considerations for creating flexible spaces within the home includes careful planning of the floor systems and providing ease of access to mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. Design should also build-in flexibility for repair to these systems in such a way as to not require damage to materials or products in the vicinity of the repair. Design for Disassembly (DfD) provides for replacement or removal of components in a way that minimizes damage to the component or adjacent materials. Through this process, materials can be salvaged for reuse, conserving resources and reducing expenses (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house\">The Charlotte Vermont House</a></p>\n<p>This project sought to create a house that maintained the amenities of a conventional home with minimal environmental impact. The house achieved LEED platinum certification, earned the NESEA Net Zero Energy prize and is 5+ star Energy Star rated. The home’s design incorporated flexibility to allow for it to change over time as occupants’ needs change. An integrated design process and the diverse collaborative team helped contribute to achieving these goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_142\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"382\"]<img class=\"wp-image-142 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Flexible-Spaces-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – The Charlotte Vermont House (Source: Whole Building Design Guide)\" width=\"382\" height=\"512\" /> Figure 1 – The Charlotte Vermont House (Source: Whole Building Design Guide)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategically designed flexible and adaptable spaces create efficient and comfortable homes. Flexibility supports changing technology and provides the chance to personalize homes while minimizing waste and cost. Optimizing natural light and ventilation, easy access to mechanical and electrical systems and connection to the outside environment increases efficiency and health and well-being. Throughout the life of the home, remodeling might occur to accommodate different stages in the homeowner’s life, such as the addition of family members or career changes. Incorporating flexible spaces in the early stages of design can help reduce the waste of materials and cost and make future changes easier.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing flexible spaces can minimize costs associated with reconfigurations for the needs of the occupants as they change over time. Designing for disassembly can reduce material, labor, and disposal costs associated with making repairs to surfaces beyond the problem area and can provide materials for salvage and recycling.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A design approach that prioritizes flexibility and includes flexible spaces allows building occupants to adapt to short and longterm change.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Flexible spaces provide opportunities to manage privacy needs and social interactions as well to adapt to changes in life stages, all which contribute to health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Green Principles for Residential Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Green Principles for Residential Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Urban Land. Bringing Flexibility Home.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Design Share. Flexible Spaces.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.designshare.com/index.php/design-patterns/flexible-spaces\">http://www.designshare.com/index.php/design-patterns/flexible-spaces</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Sherry B. Ahrentzen, “A place of peace, prospect, and… a P.C.: The home as office”,<span> </span><em>Journal of Architectural and Planning Research</em>, 6(4) (1989): 271-288.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Beyond Accessibility to Universal Design. http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/accessible/beyond-accessibility-universal-design  (accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Jordana L. Maisel, “Toward Inclusive Housing and Neighborhood Design: A Look at Visitability,” in<span> </span><em>Universal Design and Visitability</em>.<span> </span><em>From Accessibility to Zoning,</em><span> </span>edited by Jack Nasar and Jennifer Evans Cowley, 31-44. 2007, Columbus, OH: National Endowment for the Arts. The John Glenn School of Public Affairs, 2007.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Cradle to Cradle Product Innovation Institute. What is Design for Disassembly?<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/news/article/what-is-design-for-disassembly\">https://www.c2ccertified.org/news/article/what-is-design-for-disassembly</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Charlotte Vermont House.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house\">https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Resilient Design Institute. The Resilient Design Principles.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.resilientdesign.org/the-resilient-design-principles/\">https://www.resilientdesign.org/the-resilient-design-principles/</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/\">Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">US EPA – Sustainable Materials Management. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. Designing for Adaptability, Disassembly, and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">Whole Building Design Guide – Green Principles for Residential Design</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Flexible Spaces','','publish','closed','open','','nr-flexible-spaces','','\nhttps://www.resilientdesign.org/the-resilient-design-principles/','2022-04-15 17:17:03','2022-04-15 17:17:03','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1383',0,'post','',0),(1385,3,'2022-04-04 19:09:25','2022-04-04 19:09:25','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Flexible Spaces\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Flexible Spaces?</strong></h2>\n<p>Flexible spaces and flexible design principles enable future changes and extend the life of a building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Flexibility allows for individual choice over space arrangements and intended uses to support a variety of activities and preferences. Control over the layout of a space can help an occupant manage privacy needs as well as opportunities for health and well-being, social interaction and changes in household characteristics such as growing or aging households. Disassembly, deconstruction, and demolition are essential considerations for managing resources and the waste stream when creating new building environments (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>). Building upgrades and significant renovations should emphasize reusable parts and easy access to infrastructure, plumbing, and wiring as well as planning for recycling or reuse of leftover materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Flexible Spaces</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing flexible spaces requires integrated design and planning spaces for change and movement (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). The width and height proportion of the home can help guide interior wall locations, as can the location of weight-bearing walls. The width of the home affects the amount of natural light and natural ventilation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Elements such as half walls, moveable walls, mini-offices or computer stations help create multifunctional rooms. Building niches or recessed areas into rooms can offer increased opportunities for various space management in large as well as small living spaces.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p><strong>Moveable Components</strong><span> </span>– Mixing heavy furniture with light moveable pieces allows the occupant to reconfigure the space over time. Placing moveable interior, non-structural walls within a home can help increase the efficiency of the room according to the use needed for that space. For example, during the morning and daytime of a winter season, a wall can be moved to create a larger, open space so natural sunlight can reach spaces further into the home instead of just the spaces around the windows.</p>\n<p><strong>Connection to Outdoor Environment –</strong><span> </span>Installing overhead rolling doors or sliding doors with glass panels allow spaces to extend outdoors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>This strategy allows for more integration between the outdoor environment and the ease and comfort of the interior space. Incorporate operable windows to allow natural light and passive ventilation throughout the home, resulting in less energy use and increased cost savings (see<em><span> </span>Daylighting, and Natural Ventilation</em>).</p>\n<p><strong>Lighting design</strong><span> </span>is an integral part of a flexible design that supports different activities in the space. Lighting should support areas where focused work occurs (e.g., kitchen counters for food preparation) as well as background or ambient lighting. Lighting is most flexible when switching corresponds to the needs and activities of the space so that lighting not needed in some areas of the space (e.g., near windows where daylighting is available) can be controlled separately from lighting elsewhere. Dimmers also contribute to flexible lighting strategies.</p>\n<p><strong>Home Office Design –<span> </span></strong>Many individuals create home office spaces, and flexible design is helpful to support activities in both areas. Consider the activities in a space such as clients coming into the office or group meetings. Make separations between public and private areas of the home and provide an easily accessible bathroom for visitors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Similarly, create spaces that provide for individual work areas as well as areas to meet with others and a “break” area. Technology for the homeworker can be as important as in the office. Provide daylighting where possible but control for glare on computer monitors by measuring sun angles during different times of the year. Manage glare by providing window treatments that can be managed and respond to the geographic ordinates, especially east and west orientation which create different angles of sun exposure (see<em><span> </span>Daylighting</em>). Strategies such as flexibility for accessing power, voice, data, and internet, and moveable furniture, and storage on wheels can increase the adaptability of the home office.</p>\n<p><strong>Universal Design –<span> </span></strong>Universal design is an essential aspect of design to consider when planning for flexible spaces that increase opportunities for a better quality of life for all. Adaptability and low or easy maintenance are elements of universal design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Accessibility creates living spaces that adapt over time to the changing needs of households throughout life stages. Visitability is a concept applied to single-family housing that encourages affordable, sustainable, and accessible design that can be a residence for anyone and be accessible to everyone.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><strong>Design for Disassembly –<span> </span></strong>Other considerations for creating flexible spaces within the home includes careful planning of the floor systems and providing ease of access to mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. Design should also build-in flexibility for repair to these systems in such a way as to not require damage to materials or products in the vicinity of the repair. Design for Disassembly (DfD) provides for replacement or removal of components in a way that minimizes damage to the component or adjacent materials. Through this process, materials can be salvaged for reuse, conserving resources and reducing expenses (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house\">The Charlotte Vermont House</a></p>\n<p>This project sought to create a house that maintained the amenities of a conventional home with minimal environmental impact. The house achieved LEED platinum certification, earned the NESEA Net Zero Energy prize and is 5+ star Energy Star rated. The home’s design incorporated flexibility to allow for it to change over time as occupants’ needs change. An integrated design process and the diverse collaborative team helped contribute to achieving these goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_142\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"382\"]<img class=\"wp-image-142 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Flexible-Spaces-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – The Charlotte Vermont House (Source: Whole Building Design Guide)\" width=\"382\" height=\"512\" /> Figure 1 – The Charlotte Vermont House (Source: Whole Building Design Guide)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategically designed flexible and adaptable spaces create efficient and comfortable homes. Flexibility supports changing technology and provides the chance to personalize homes while minimizing waste and cost. Optimizing natural light and ventilation, easy access to mechanical and electrical systems and connection to the outside environment increases efficiency and health and well-being. Throughout the life of the home, remodeling might occur to accommodate different stages in the homeowner’s life, such as the addition of family members or career changes. Incorporating flexible spaces in the early stages of design can help reduce the waste of materials and cost and make future changes easier.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing flexible spaces can minimize costs associated with reconfigurations for the needs of the occupants as they change over time. Designing for disassembly can reduce material, labor, and disposal costs associated with making repairs to surfaces beyond the problem area and can provide materials for salvage and recycling.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A design approach that prioritizes flexibility and includes flexible spaces allows building occupants to adapt to short and longterm change.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Flexible spaces provide opportunities to manage privacy needs and social interactions as well to adapt to changes in life stages, all which contribute to health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Green Principles for Residential Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Green Principles for Residential Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Urban Land. Bringing Flexibility Home.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Design Share. Flexible Spaces.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.designshare.com/index.php/design-patterns/flexible-spaces\">http://www.designshare.com/index.php/design-patterns/flexible-spaces</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Sherry B. Ahrentzen, “A place of peace, prospect, and… a P.C.: The home as office”,<span> </span><em>Journal of Architectural and Planning Research</em>, 6(4) (1989): 271-288.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Beyond Accessibility to Universal Design. http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/accessible/beyond-accessibility-universal-design  (accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Jordana L. Maisel, “Toward Inclusive Housing and Neighborhood Design: A Look at Visitability,” in<span> </span><em>Universal Design and Visitability</em>.<span> </span><em>From Accessibility to Zoning,</em><span> </span>edited by Jack Nasar and Jennifer Evans Cowley, 31-44. 2007, Columbus, OH: National Endowment for the Arts. The John Glenn School of Public Affairs, 2007.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Cradle to Cradle Product Innovation Institute. What is Design for Disassembly?<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/news/article/what-is-design-for-disassembly\">https://www.c2ccertified.org/news/article/what-is-design-for-disassembly</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Charlotte Vermont House.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house\">https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Resilient Design Institute. The Resilient Design Principles.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.resilientdesign.org/the-resilient-design-principles/\">https://www.resilientdesign.org/the-resilient-design-principles/</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/\">Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">US EPA – Sustainable Materials Management. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. Designing for Adaptability, Disassembly, and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">Whole Building Design Guide – Green Principles for Residential Design</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Flexible Spaces','','inherit','closed','closed','','1383-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:09:25','2022-04-04 19:09:25','',1383,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1385',0,'revision','',0),(1386,3,'2022-04-04 19:09:26','2022-04-04 19:09:26','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Flexible Spaces\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Flexible Spaces?</strong></h2>\n<p>Flexible spaces and flexible design principles enable future changes and extend the life of a building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Flexibility allows for individual choice over space arrangements and intended uses to support a variety of activities and preferences. Control over the layout of a space can help an occupant manage privacy needs as well as opportunities for health and well-being, social interaction and changes in household characteristics such as growing or aging households. Disassembly, deconstruction, and demolition are essential considerations for managing resources and the waste stream when creating new building environments (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>). Building upgrades and significant renovations should emphasize reusable parts and easy access to infrastructure, plumbing, and wiring as well as planning for recycling or reuse of leftover materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Flexible Spaces</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing flexible spaces requires integrated design and planning spaces for change and movement (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). The width and height proportion of the home can help guide interior wall locations, as can the location of weight-bearing walls. The width of the home affects the amount of natural light and natural ventilation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Elements such as half walls, moveable walls, mini-offices or computer stations help create multifunctional rooms. Building niches or recessed areas into rooms can offer increased opportunities for various space management in large as well as small living spaces.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p><strong>Moveable Components</strong><span> </span>– Mixing heavy furniture with light moveable pieces allows the occupant to reconfigure the space over time. Placing moveable interior, non-structural walls within a home can help increase the efficiency of the room according to the use needed for that space. For example, during the morning and daytime of a winter season, a wall can be moved to create a larger, open space so natural sunlight can reach spaces further into the home instead of just the spaces around the windows.</p>\n<p><strong>Connection to Outdoor Environment –</strong><span> </span>Installing overhead rolling doors or sliding doors with glass panels allow spaces to extend outdoors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>This strategy allows for more integration between the outdoor environment and the ease and comfort of the interior space. Incorporate operable windows to allow natural light and passive ventilation throughout the home, resulting in less energy use and increased cost savings (see<em><span> </span>Daylighting, and Natural Ventilation</em>).</p>\n<p><strong>Lighting design</strong><span> </span>is an integral part of a flexible design that supports different activities in the space. Lighting should support areas where focused work occurs (e.g., kitchen counters for food preparation) as well as background or ambient lighting. Lighting is most flexible when switching corresponds to the needs and activities of the space so that lighting not needed in some areas of the space (e.g., near windows where daylighting is available) can be controlled separately from lighting elsewhere. Dimmers also contribute to flexible lighting strategies.</p>\n<p><strong>Home Office Design –<span> </span></strong>Many individuals create home office spaces, and flexible design is helpful to support activities in both areas. Consider the activities in a space such as clients coming into the office or group meetings. Make separations between public and private areas of the home and provide an easily accessible bathroom for visitors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Similarly, create spaces that provide for individual work areas as well as areas to meet with others and a “break” area. Technology for the homeworker can be as important as in the office. Provide daylighting where possible but control for glare on computer monitors by measuring sun angles during different times of the year. Manage glare by providing window treatments that can be managed and respond to the geographic ordinates, especially east and west orientation which create different angles of sun exposure (see<em><span> </span>Daylighting</em>). Strategies such as flexibility for accessing power, voice, data, and internet, and moveable furniture, and storage on wheels can increase the adaptability of the home office.</p>\n<p><strong>Universal Design –<span> </span></strong>Universal design is an essential aspect of design to consider when planning for flexible spaces that increase opportunities for a better quality of life for all. Adaptability and low or easy maintenance are elements of universal design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Accessibility creates living spaces that adapt over time to the changing needs of households throughout life stages. Visitability is a concept applied to single-family housing that encourages affordable, sustainable, and accessible design that can be a residence for anyone and be accessible to everyone.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><strong>Design for Disassembly –<span> </span></strong>Other considerations for creating flexible spaces within the home includes careful planning of the floor systems and providing ease of access to mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. Design should also build-in flexibility for repair to these systems in such a way as to not require damage to materials or products in the vicinity of the repair. Design for Disassembly (DfD) provides for replacement or removal of components in a way that minimizes damage to the component or adjacent materials. Through this process, materials can be salvaged for reuse, conserving resources and reducing expenses (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house\">The Charlotte Vermont House</a></p>\n<p>This project sought to create a house that maintained the amenities of a conventional home with minimal environmental impact. The house achieved LEED platinum certification, earned the NESEA Net Zero Energy prize and is 5+ star Energy Star rated. The home’s design incorporated flexibility to allow for it to change over time as occupants’ needs change. An integrated design process and the diverse collaborative team helped contribute to achieving these goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_142\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"382\"]<img class=\"wp-image-142 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Flexible-Spaces-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – The Charlotte Vermont House (Source: Whole Building Design Guide)\" width=\"382\" height=\"512\" /> Figure 1 – The Charlotte Vermont House (Source: Whole Building Design Guide)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategically designed flexible and adaptable spaces create efficient and comfortable homes. Flexibility supports changing technology and provides the chance to personalize homes while minimizing waste and cost. Optimizing natural light and ventilation, easy access to mechanical and electrical systems and connection to the outside environment increases efficiency and health and well-being. Throughout the life of the home, remodeling might occur to accommodate different stages in the homeowner’s life, such as the addition of family members or career changes. Incorporating flexible spaces in the early stages of design can help reduce the waste of materials and cost and make future changes easier.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing flexible spaces can minimize costs associated with reconfigurations for the needs of the occupants as they change over time. Designing for disassembly can reduce material, labor, and disposal costs associated with making repairs to surfaces beyond the problem area and can provide materials for salvage and recycling.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A design approach that prioritizes flexibility and includes flexible spaces allows building occupants to adapt to short and longterm change.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Flexible spaces provide opportunities to manage privacy needs and social interactions as well to adapt to changes in life stages, all which contribute to health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Green Principles for Residential Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Green Principles for Residential Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Urban Land. Bringing Flexibility Home.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Design Share. Flexible Spaces.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.designshare.com/index.php/design-patterns/flexible-spaces\">http://www.designshare.com/index.php/design-patterns/flexible-spaces</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Sherry B. Ahrentzen, “A place of peace, prospect, and… a P.C.: The home as office”,<span> </span><em>Journal of Architectural and Planning Research</em>, 6(4) (1989): 271-288.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Beyond Accessibility to Universal Design. http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/accessible/beyond-accessibility-universal-design  (accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Jordana L. Maisel, “Toward Inclusive Housing and Neighborhood Design: A Look at Visitability,” in<span> </span><em>Universal Design and Visitability</em>.<span> </span><em>From Accessibility to Zoning,</em><span> </span>edited by Jack Nasar and Jennifer Evans Cowley, 31-44. 2007, Columbus, OH: National Endowment for the Arts. The John Glenn School of Public Affairs, 2007.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Cradle to Cradle Product Innovation Institute. What is Design for Disassembly?<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/news/article/what-is-design-for-disassembly\">https://www.c2ccertified.org/news/article/what-is-design-for-disassembly</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Charlotte Vermont House.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house\">https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Resilient Design Institute. The Resilient Design Principles.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.resilientdesign.org/the-resilient-design-principles/\">https://www.resilientdesign.org/the-resilient-design-principles/</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/\">Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">US EPA – Sustainable Materials Management. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. Designing for Adaptability, Disassembly, and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">Whole Building Design Guide – Green Principles for Residential Design</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan','','inherit','closed','closed','','1383-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:09:26','2022-04-04 19:09:26','',1383,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1386',0,'revision','',0),(1387,3,'2022-04-04 19:09:28','2022-04-04 19:09:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Flexible Spaces\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Flexible Spaces?</strong></h2>\n<p>Flexible spaces and flexible design principles enable future changes and extend the life of a building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Flexibility allows for individual choice over space arrangements and intended uses to support a variety of activities and preferences. Control over the layout of a space can help an occupant manage privacy needs as well as opportunities for health and well-being, social interaction and changes in household characteristics such as growing or aging households. Disassembly, deconstruction, and demolition are essential considerations for managing resources and the waste stream when creating new building environments (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>). Building upgrades and significant renovations should emphasize reusable parts and easy access to infrastructure, plumbing, and wiring as well as planning for recycling or reuse of leftover materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Flexible Spaces</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing flexible spaces requires integrated design and planning spaces for change and movement (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). The width and height proportion of the home can help guide interior wall locations, as can the location of weight-bearing walls. The width of the home affects the amount of natural light and natural ventilation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Elements such as half walls, moveable walls, mini-offices or computer stations help create multifunctional rooms. Building niches or recessed areas into rooms can offer increased opportunities for various space management in large as well as small living spaces.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p><strong>Moveable Components</strong><span> </span>– Mixing heavy furniture with light moveable pieces allows the occupant to reconfigure the space over time. Placing moveable interior, non-structural walls within a home can help increase the efficiency of the room according to the use needed for that space. For example, during the morning and daytime of a winter season, a wall can be moved to create a larger, open space so natural sunlight can reach spaces further into the home instead of just the spaces around the windows.</p>\n<p><strong>Connection to Outdoor Environment –</strong><span> </span>Installing overhead rolling doors or sliding doors with glass panels allow spaces to extend outdoors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>This strategy allows for more integration between the outdoor environment and the ease and comfort of the interior space. Incorporate operable windows to allow natural light and passive ventilation throughout the home, resulting in less energy use and increased cost savings (see<em><span> </span>Daylighting, and Natural Ventilation</em>).</p>\n<p><strong>Lighting design</strong><span> </span>is an integral part of a flexible design that supports different activities in the space. Lighting should support areas where focused work occurs (e.g., kitchen counters for food preparation) as well as background or ambient lighting. Lighting is most flexible when switching corresponds to the needs and activities of the space so that lighting not needed in some areas of the space (e.g., near windows where daylighting is available) can be controlled separately from lighting elsewhere. Dimmers also contribute to flexible lighting strategies.</p>\n<p><strong>Home Office Design –<span> </span></strong>Many individuals create home office spaces, and flexible design is helpful to support activities in both areas. Consider the activities in a space such as clients coming into the office or group meetings. Make separations between public and private areas of the home and provide an easily accessible bathroom for visitors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Similarly, create spaces that provide for individual work areas as well as areas to meet with others and a “break” area. Technology for the homeworker can be as important as in the office. Provide daylighting where possible but control for glare on computer monitors by measuring sun angles during different times of the year. Manage glare by providing window treatments that can be managed and respond to the geographic ordinates, especially east and west orientation which create different angles of sun exposure (see<em><span> </span>Daylighting</em>). Strategies such as flexibility for accessing power, voice, data, and internet, and moveable furniture, and storage on wheels can increase the adaptability of the home office.</p>\n<p><strong>Universal Design –<span> </span></strong>Universal design is an essential aspect of design to consider when planning for flexible spaces that increase opportunities for a better quality of life for all. Adaptability and low or easy maintenance are elements of universal design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Accessibility creates living spaces that adapt over time to the changing needs of households throughout life stages. Visitability is a concept applied to single-family housing that encourages affordable, sustainable, and accessible design that can be a residence for anyone and be accessible to everyone.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><strong>Design for Disassembly –<span> </span></strong>Other considerations for creating flexible spaces within the home includes careful planning of the floor systems and providing ease of access to mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. Design should also build-in flexibility for repair to these systems in such a way as to not require damage to materials or products in the vicinity of the repair. Design for Disassembly (DfD) provides for replacement or removal of components in a way that minimizes damage to the component or adjacent materials. Through this process, materials can be salvaged for reuse, conserving resources and reducing expenses (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house\">The Charlotte Vermont House</a></p>\n<p>This project sought to create a house that maintained the amenities of a conventional home with minimal environmental impact. The house achieved LEED platinum certification, earned the NESEA Net Zero Energy prize and is 5+ star Energy Star rated. The home’s design incorporated flexibility to allow for it to change over time as occupants’ needs change. An integrated design process and the diverse collaborative team helped contribute to achieving these goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_142\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"382\"]<img class=\"wp-image-142 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Flexible-Spaces-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – The Charlotte Vermont House (Source: Whole Building Design Guide)\" width=\"382\" height=\"512\" /> Figure 1 – The Charlotte Vermont House (Source: Whole Building Design Guide)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategically designed flexible and adaptable spaces create efficient and comfortable homes. Flexibility supports changing technology and provides the chance to personalize homes while minimizing waste and cost. Optimizing natural light and ventilation, easy access to mechanical and electrical systems and connection to the outside environment increases efficiency and health and well-being. Throughout the life of the home, remodeling might occur to accommodate different stages in the homeowner’s life, such as the addition of family members or career changes. Incorporating flexible spaces in the early stages of design can help reduce the waste of materials and cost and make future changes easier.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing flexible spaces can minimize costs associated with reconfigurations for the needs of the occupants as they change over time. Designing for disassembly can reduce material, labor, and disposal costs associated with making repairs to surfaces beyond the problem area and can provide materials for salvage and recycling.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>A design approach that prioritizes flexibility and includes flexible spaces allows building occupants to adapt to short and longterm change.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Flexible spaces provide opportunities to manage privacy needs and social interactions as well to adapt to changes in life stages, all which contribute to health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Green Principles for Residential Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 20, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Green Principles for Residential Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Urban Land. Bringing Flexibility Home.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Design Share. Flexible Spaces.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.designshare.com/index.php/design-patterns/flexible-spaces\">http://www.designshare.com/index.php/design-patterns/flexible-spaces</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Sherry B. Ahrentzen, “A place of peace, prospect, and… a P.C.: The home as office”,<span> </span><em>Journal of Architectural and Planning Research</em>, 6(4) (1989): 271-288.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Beyond Accessibility to Universal Design. http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/accessible/beyond-accessibility-universal-design  (accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Jordana L. Maisel, “Toward Inclusive Housing and Neighborhood Design: A Look at Visitability,” in<span> </span><em>Universal Design and Visitability</em>.<span> </span><em>From Accessibility to Zoning,</em><span> </span>edited by Jack Nasar and Jennifer Evans Cowley, 31-44. 2007, Columbus, OH: National Endowment for the Arts. The John Glenn School of Public Affairs, 2007.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Cradle to Cradle Product Innovation Institute. What is Design for Disassembly?<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/news/article/what-is-design-for-disassembly\">https://www.c2ccertified.org/news/article/what-is-design-for-disassembly</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Charlotte Vermont House.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house\">https://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/case-studies/charlotte-vermont-house</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Resilient Design Institute. The Resilient Design Principles.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.resilientdesign.org/the-resilient-design-principles/\">https://www.resilientdesign.org/the-resilient-design-principles/</a><span> </span>(accessed January 24, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/\">Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">US EPA – Sustainable Materials Management. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. Designing for Adaptability, Disassembly, and Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-principles-residential-design\">Whole Building Design Guide – Green Principles for Residential Design</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Flexible Spaces','','inherit','closed','closed','','1383-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:09:28','2022-04-04 19:09:28','',1383,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1387',0,'revision','',0),(1388,3,'2022-04-04 19:15:20','2022-04-04 19:15:20','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"452\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"452\" height=\"346\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a><span> </span>and<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a><span> </span>(which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the<span> </span><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a><span> </span>(see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>). The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.rentals.com/New-Jersey/Ewing/157463/\">Ewing Independent Living</a></p>\n<p>This project in Ewing, NJ is a 72-unit affordable community designed for those over 55 and adults with disabilities. Ewing Independent Living features many green elements including low VOC paints and adhesives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials. <span> </span><a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>USGBC. LEED Facts.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts</a><span> </span> (accessed May 13, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints.<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost?<span> </span><a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li>Green Product Certifications and Standards:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenseal.org/splash/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Non-toxic Materials','','publish','closed','open','','nr-non-toxic-materials','','','2022-06-23 19:46:05','2022-06-23 19:46:05','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1388',0,'post','',0),(1390,3,'2022-04-04 19:15:20','2022-04-04 19:15:20','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1-300x230.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a><span> </span>and<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a><span> </span>(which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the<span> </span><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a><span> </span>(see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>). The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.enterprisecommunity.org/download?fid=8172&amp;nid=3563\">Ewing Independent Living</a></p>\n<p>This project in Ewing, NJ is a 72-unit affordable community designed for those over 55 and adults with disabilities. Ewing Independent Living features many green elements including low VOC paints and adhesives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials. <span> </span><a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>USGBC. LEED Facts.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts</a><span> </span> (accessed May 13, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints.<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost?<span> </span><a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li>Green Product Certifications and Standards:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1388-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:15:20','2022-04-04 19:15:20','',1388,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1390',0,'revision','',0),(1391,3,'2022-04-04 19:15:20','2022-04-04 19:15:20','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1-300x230.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a><span> </span>and<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a><span> </span>(which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the<span> </span><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a><span> </span>(see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>). The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.enterprisecommunity.org/download?fid=8172&amp;nid=3563\">Ewing Independent Living</a></p>\n<p>This project in Ewing, NJ is a 72-unit affordable community designed for those over 55 and adults with disabilities. Ewing Independent Living features many green elements including low VOC paints and adhesives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials. <span> </span><a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>USGBC. LEED Facts.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts</a><span> </span> (accessed May 13, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints.<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost?<span> </span><a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li>Green Product Certifications and Standards:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Flexible Spaces','','inherit','closed','closed','','1388-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:15:20','2022-04-04 19:15:20','',1388,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1391',0,'revision','',0),(1392,3,'2022-04-04 19:15:23','2022-04-04 19:15:23','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1-300x230.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a><span> </span>and<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a><span> </span>(which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the<span> </span><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a><span> </span>(see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>). The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.enterprisecommunity.org/download?fid=8172&amp;nid=3563\">Ewing Independent Living</a></p>\n<p>This project in Ewing, NJ is a 72-unit affordable community designed for those over 55 and adults with disabilities. Ewing Independent Living features many green elements including low VOC paints and adhesives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials. <span> </span><a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>USGBC. LEED Facts.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts</a><span> </span> (accessed May 13, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints.<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost?<span> </span><a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li>Green Product Certifications and Standards:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1388-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:15:23','2022-04-04 19:15:23','',1388,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1392',0,'revision','',0),(1393,3,'2022-04-04 19:16:16','2022-04-04 19:16:16','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"452\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"452\" height=\"346\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a><span> </span>and<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a><span> </span>(which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the<span> </span><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a><span> </span>(see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>). The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.enterprisecommunity.org/download?fid=8172&amp;nid=3563\">Ewing Independent Living</a></p>\n<p>This project in Ewing, NJ is a 72-unit affordable community designed for those over 55 and adults with disabilities. Ewing Independent Living features many green elements including low VOC paints and adhesives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials. <span> </span><a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>USGBC. LEED Facts.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts</a><span> </span> (accessed May 13, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints.<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost?<span> </span><a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li>Green Product Certifications and Standards:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1388-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:16:16','2022-04-04 19:16:16','',1388,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1393',0,'revision','',0),(1394,3,'2022-04-04 19:23:35','2022-04-04 19:23:35','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Sustainable Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>,<span> </span><em>Demolition</em>, and<span> </span><em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a><span> </span>has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.scsglobalservices.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a><span> </span>are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a><span> </span>is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability</u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"510\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"510\" height=\"390\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C<sup>Ò</sup>) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitatbergen.org/past-projects\">Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County – Bergenfield Energy Star-certified Home</a></p>\n<p>This Habitat for Humanity project earned Energy Star certification and included sustainable design elements such as insulation made from recycled denim and energy efficient systems.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_579\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"340\"]<img class=\"wp-image-579 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)\" width=\"340\" height=\"340\" /> Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20060923013448/http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design phase, specify certified wood instead of conventional wood whenever possible, including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 5) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"372\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"372\" height=\"396\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\"><sup>[30]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\">[32]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for residents who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\"><sup>[37]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\">[38]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cal Recycle. Matrix: Overview of Recycled Content and Availability. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> The Cradle to Cradle<sup>Ò</sup> program certifies products that meet multi-attribute criteria for: human and environmental health; Recyclability/compostability; renewable energy use; water stewardship social responsibility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Forest Stewardship Council. <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us\">https://us.fsc.org/en-us</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> USGBC. LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130517121055/http://www.green-buildings.com:80/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]</a> US EPA. 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Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/\">https://calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/\">Flexible Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://give.org/\">BBB Wise Giving Alliance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bigreuse.org/\">Big Reuse (Brooklyn)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Materials/\">CalRecycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Recycling Association (CDRA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle-to-Cradle Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/resource-center\">Forest Certification Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/what-is-fsc\">Forest Stewardship Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.greenseal.org/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/buy-green-products-services-and-vehicles/buy-green-products\">GSA Buy Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/43/materials-resources\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Materials and Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/restores?place=us\">Habitat for Humanity Restores</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/sustainable-engineered-materials\">NIST Engineering Laboratory- Sustainable Engineered Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/sdtguide.html\">NJ DEP Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/resource_page.htm\">NJ DEP – Recycled Product Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220121095943/http://planetreuse.com/\">Planet Reuse (2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification – Find Certified Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=5110\">RELi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">The Carpet and Rug Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">US EPA – Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-basics\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management Basics</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">USGBC. LEED BD+C- New Construction. LEEDv4. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide – Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/materials\">Whole Building Design Guide – Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_preferable_products.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Optimize Building Space and Material Use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Sustainable Materials','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-sustainable-materials','','','2022-06-23 19:04:28','2022-06-23 19:04:28','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1394',0,'post','',0),(1396,3,'2022-04-04 19:23:35','2022-04-04 19:23:35','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Sustainable Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>,<span> </span><em>Demolition</em>, and<span> </span><em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a><span> </span>has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scsglobalservices/com/services\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a><span> </span>are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a><span> </span>is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability</u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"510\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"510\" height=\"390\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C<sup>Ò</sup>) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitatbergen.org/past-projects\">Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County – Bergenfield Energy Star-certified Home</a></p>\n<p>This Habitat for Humanity project earned Energy Star certification and included sustainable design elements such as insulation made from recycled denim and energy efficient systems.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_579\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"340\"]<img class=\"wp-image-579 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)\" width=\"340\" height=\"340\" /> Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <a href=\"http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design phase, specify certified wood instead of conventional wood whenever possible, including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 5) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"372\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"372\" height=\"396\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\"><sup>[30]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\">[32]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for residents who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\"><sup>[37]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\">[38]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cal Recycle. Matrix: Overview of Recycled Content and Availability. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> The Cradle to Cradle<sup>Ò</sup> program certifies products that meet multi-attribute criteria for: human and environmental health; Recyclability/compostability; renewable energy use; water stewardship social responsibility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Forest Stewardship Council. <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us\">https://us.fsc.org/en-us</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> USGBC. LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]</a> US EPA. 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Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials.  <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. How to Buy Good Wood. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Economic Benefits of Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]</a> CalRecycle. Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling. February 2018. <a href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/\">http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/</a> (accessed July 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/\">Flexible Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://give.org/\">BBB Wise Giving Alliance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bigreuse.org/\">Big Reuse (Brooklyn)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Materials/\">CalRecycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Recycling Association (CDRA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle-to-Cradle Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/resource-center\">Forest Certification Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/what-is-fsc\">Forest Stewardship Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.greenseal.org/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/buy-green-products-services-and-vehicles/buy-green-products\">GSA Buy Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/43/materials-resources\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Materials and Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/restores?place=us\">Habitat for Humanity Restores</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/sustainable-engineered-materials\">NIST Engineering Laboratory- Sustainable Engineered Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/sdtguide.html\">NJ DEP Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/resource_page.htm\">NJ DEP – Recycled Product Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://planetreuse.com/\">Planet Reuse (2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification – Find Certified Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=5110\">RELi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">The Carpet and Rug Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">US EPA – Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-basics\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management Basics</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">USGBC. LEED BD+C- New Construction. LEEDv4. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide – Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/materials\">Whole Building Design Guide – Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_preferable_products.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Optimize Building Space and Material Use</a></li>\n<li></li>\n<li></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Sustainable Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1394-revision-v1','','','2022-04-04 19:23:35','2022-04-04 19:23:35','',1394,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=1396',0,'revision','',0),