(2613,3,'2022-06-23 18:47:54','2022-06-23 18:47:54','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Sustainable Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>,<span> </span><em>Demolition</em>, and<span> </span><em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a><span> </span>has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scsglobalservices/com/services\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a><span> </span>are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a><span> </span>is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability</u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"510\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"510\" height=\"390\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C<sup>Ò</sup>) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitatbergen.org/past-projects\">Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County – Bergenfield Energy Star-certified Home</a></p>\n<p>This Habitat for Humanity project earned Energy Star certification and included sustainable design elements such as insulation made from recycled denim and energy efficient systems.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_579\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"340\"]<img class=\"wp-image-579 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)\" width=\"340\" height=\"340\" /> Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <a href=\"http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design phase, specify certified wood instead of conventional wood whenever possible, including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 5) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"372\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"372\" height=\"396\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\"><sup>[30]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\">[32]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for residents who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\"><sup>[37]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\">[38]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cal Recycle. Matrix: Overview of Recycled Content and Availability. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> The Cradle to Cradle<sup>Ò</sup> program certifies products that meet multi-attribute criteria for: human and environmental health; Recyclability/compostability; renewable energy use; water stewardship social responsibility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Forest Stewardship Council. <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us\">https://us.fsc.org/en-us</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> USGBC. LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed February 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]</a> GreenBiz. Durability: A Key Component of Green Building. <a href=\"https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building\">https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials.  <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. How to Buy Good Wood. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Economic Benefits of Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]</a> CalRecycle. Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling. February 2018. <a href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/\">http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/</a> (accessed July 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/\">Flexible Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://give.org/\">BBB Wise Giving Alliance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bigreuse.org/\">Big Reuse (Brooklyn)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Materials/\">CalRecycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Recycling Association (CDRA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle-to-Cradle Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/resource-center\">Forest Certification Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/what-is-fsc\">Forest Stewardship Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.greenseal.org/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/buy-green-products-services-and-vehicles/buy-green-products\">GSA Buy Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/43/materials-resources\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Materials and Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/restores?place=us\">Habitat for Humanity Restores</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/sustainable-engineered-materials\">NIST Engineering Laboratory- Sustainable Engineered Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/sdtguide.html\">NJ DEP Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/resource_page.htm\">NJ DEP – Recycled Product Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://planetreuse.com/\">Planet Reuse (2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification – Find Certified Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=5110\">RELi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">The Carpet and Rug Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">US EPA – Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-basics\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management Basics</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">USGBC. LEED BD+C- New Construction. LEEDv4. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide – Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/materials\">Whole Building Design Guide – Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_preferable_products.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Optimize Building Space and Material Use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Sustainable Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1394-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:47:54','2022-06-23 18:47:54','',1394,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2613',0,'revision','',0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (2614,3,'2022-06-23 18:47:55','2022-06-23 18:47:55','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are Sustainable Materials?</h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption]\n<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as <a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>, <em>Demolition</em>, and <em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> It is also essential to develop an environmentally preferable purchasing policy to guide purchasing. According to documents guiding federal sustainability (Executive Order 13693), environmentally preferable purchasing refers to “products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose” as it applies to raw materials, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, use, reuse, operation, maintenance, and disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a> has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>, <a href=\"http://www.scsglobalservices/com/services\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>, <a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and <a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the <a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a> are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material. <a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a> is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability </u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2-300x229.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"229\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption]<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <u><a href=\"http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a></u> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5-282x300.png\" alt=\"FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" /> FSC Certified Logo[/caption]<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design stages of a building, specify certified wood as an alternative to conventional wood including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 3) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption]<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <u><a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a></u> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example </strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://fallingwater.org/history-barn-fallingwater/\">Barn at Fallingwater</a></p>\n<p>An adaptive reuse project at the Barn at Fallingwater in Mill Run, Pennsylvania used the original characteristics of the barn and provided new space for administrative offices, exhibitions, lectures, classes, and programs. Along with furthering the connection between nature and architecture, the project earned a Silver LEED rating. This adaptive reuse project also incorporated several renewable resources such as straw panels for sound absorptive wall finishes and products from sunflower seed composite.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_304\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1026\"]<img class=\"wp-image-304 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – Barn at Fallingwater (Source: Fallingwater.org)\" width=\"1026\" height=\"482\" /> Figure 5 – Barn at Fallingwater (Source: Fallingwater.org)[/caption]<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\">[30]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\"><sup>[32]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\">[37]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\"><sup>[38]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn40\" name=\"_ednref40\">[40]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. About the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed February 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Cal Recycle. Matrix: Overview of Recycled Content and Availability. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> The Cradle to Cradle<sup>Ò</sup> program certifies products that meet multi-attribute criteria for: human and environmental health; Recyclability/compostability; renewable energy use; water stewardship social responsibility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Forest Stewardship Council. <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us\">https://us.fsc.org/en-us</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> USGBC. LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed February 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]</a> GreenBiz. Durability: A Key Component of Green Building. <a href=\"https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building\">https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials.  <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. How to Buy Good Wood. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Economic Benefits of Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]</a> CalRecycle. Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling. February 2018. <u><a href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/\">http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/</a></u> (accessed July 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities. <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\">[40]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities. <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Workspaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-non-toxic-materials/\">Safe, Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-cost-analysis/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide: Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Green Product Certifications and Standards:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">The GREENGUARD Environmental Institute</a> is an industry-independent, not-for-profit organization that oversees the GREENGUARD Certification programs.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">LEED: Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Sustainable Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1596-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:47:55','2022-06-23 18:47:55','',1596,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2614',0,'revision','',0),(2615,3,'2022-06-23 18:47:55','2022-06-23 18:47:55','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Cleaning\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Cleaning? </strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning refers to using cleaning products and procedures that minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Cleaning with green or natural products can lower airborne particulate matter concentration and improve indoor air quality. Comprehensive green cleaning programs prioritize environmental and health issues as well as the appearance of the facility.</p>\n<p>The commercial cleaning industry uses an estimated 8 billion pounds of chemicals and nearly 4.5 billion pounds of paper products annually, and a shift to greener cleaning has the potential for a significant impact on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Some cleaning products can have human health impacts such as burns or respiratory or skin, eye, nose, throat problems on skin contact or through inhalation exposure, while others may contribute to long-term health problems such as cancer or disruption to the endocrine system. Chlorine bleach or ammonia, which are found in many toilet and drain cleaners, can be corrosive. These chemicals can cause immediate health problems upon skin and inhalation exposure as well as damage to the environment when they go down the drain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> </sup>When harsh chemical use is necessary, use appropriate gloves to avoid or minimize skin exposure. It is also essential to have good air circulation in the room while cleaning and never mix two different types of cleaners, particularly if the products contain chlorine (bleach) and ammonia.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_249\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-249 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Green-Cleaning-Fig-1-300x198.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" /> Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption]<p>Green cleaning programs prioritize non-toxic cleaning products and low-impact cleaning equipment and reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Green cleaning is not just about products but also about cleaning procedures such as using the appropriate quantity of the right product for a specific job or reducing the frequency of labor-intensive tasks by using less intensive cleaning and maintenance activities more often. Simple changes such as limiting food consumption to specific areas can reduce cleaning needs and can also be part of an integrated pest management plan, reducing the need for toxic pest management chemicals in the building (see <em>Integrated Pest Management</em>). Green cleaning requires a holistic approach that includes the careful selection and use of products and equipment, a reevaluation of cleaning procedures, comprehensive custodial training, and orientation to green cleaning policies and procedures for all building occupants.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Green Cleaning </strong></h2>\n<p>As part of a building’s Operations &amp; Maintenance plan, develop a green cleaning program that prioritizes green or natural products, green cleaning services, and training staff in green cleaning practices <em>(</em>see <em>Operator and Occupant Training</em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_469\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-469 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Green-Cleaning-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"878\" height=\"214\" /> Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]<p>The Healthy Children and Family Study, conducted by Rutgers University, found that the use of a mop with a microfiber cloth and the use of vinegar and baking soda as cleaners lowered airborne particulate matter concentration. Vacuuming with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters help remove particulate matter and volatile organic compounds from the air.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) refers to products or services that have less impact on human health and the environment than competing products or services that serve the same purpose.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Choose environmentally preferable products that are rated green by independent, third-party organizations such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">Greenguard</a>, <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, or <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/learn-about-safer-choice-label\">US EPA’s Safer Choice program</a>. It is also important to check product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).  Custodial equipment, such as vacuums, and green cleaning services can also earn third-party certification through programs like the <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/seal-of-approval-program/vacuums/\">Carpet and Rug Institute Seal of Approval Program</a> and <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/products-services/\">Green Seal</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a green cleaning program offers the following benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect the health and safety of building occupants and cleaning professionals.</li>\n<li>Reduce toxic chemicals in the indoor and outdoor environment and reduce the amount of hazardous waste requiring disposal.</li>\n<li>Improve indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Promote better inventory management of chemicals and equipment.</li>\n<li>Reduce liability through safety training.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Over the long-term, green cleaning can reduce the total cost of cleaning through reducing or eliminating hazardous cleaning chemicals. Because there are fewer toxic chemicals that employees must work with, liability exposure also is reduced. Similarly, with fewer toxic chemicals to store, track, maintain and dispose of, the cost of complying with regulatory requirements is reduced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> The University of Georgia’s facilities cleaning program, implemented by the Physical Plant’s building services’ department, earned recognition for a focus on cost-saving and workplace safety. The program covers 9.7 million square feet and includes a Building Services Academy that trains all department employees in green cleaning policies and procedures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The University of Georgia’s program documented benefits such as a decrease in employee respiratory complaints associated with cleaning chemicals, a decrease in the number of severe employee injuries from slips/falls, and significant cost savings from transitioning from traditional cleaners to green cleaners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many green cleaning products are cost-competitive with traditional products, and green cleaning programs offer the added benefit of protecting human health and the environment. Also, when combined with daily cleaning, green cleaning can reduce a building’s energy usage by not requiring additional energy usage during off hours.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning reduces the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals and products that can pose health hazards to the public and damage to natural resources. Reducing the need to store toxic chemicals and products helps reduce the risk, and danger of toxic substances spills or releases into the environment during an extreme event such as flooding or other disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Minimizing the risk of toxic material spills and leaks help protect the public as well as those engaged in clean up and remediation activities, making it easier to recover after an unexpected event.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program. <a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program--8382\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program–8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> American Lung Association. Cleaning Supplies and Household Chemicals. <a href=\"https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html\">https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Cleveland Clinic. Household Chemical Products and Their Health Risks. <a href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk\">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk</a> (accessed March 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Andrews, C.J., Mainelis, G., Wener, R., Sorensen Allacci, M., Plotnik, D., Senick, J., Feygina, I., Autote, O., Ramkumar, S., Pryce, T., Marathe, R. and Ding, J. “Expanding the Definition of Green: Impacts of Green and Active Living Design on Health in Low Income Housing: Added Value of Behavioral Interventions as part of an Integrated Service Delivery Model”. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building &amp; Associates for U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2013. At http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HUD-Expanding-the-Definition-of-Green-Healthy-Families-Study-2013_FINAL_revised.pdf (accessed March 21, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program.  <a href=\"https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382\">https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> UGA Today. Building excellence: green cleaning program earns two national honors. <a href=\"https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/\">https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> American School &amp; University Magazine. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. <a href=\"https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia\">https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Sciencecorps. Chemical Hazards in Flood and Disasters. <a href=\"http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/\">http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/new-commercial/nc-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ewg.org/guides/cleaners/content/methodology\">EWG’s Guide to Healthy Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">US EPA Greening Your Purchase of Cleaning Products: A Guide for Federal Purchasers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice\">US EPA Safer Choice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts\">US EPA Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Green Cleaning','','inherit','closed','closed','','1744-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:47:55','2022-06-23 18:47:55','',1744,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2615',0,'revision','',0),(2616,3,'2022-06-23 18:47:56','2022-06-23 18:47:56','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Cleaning\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Cleaning?</strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning refers to using cleaning products and procedures that minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Cleaning with green or natural products can lower airborne particulate matter concentration and improve indoor air quality. Comprehensive green cleaning programs prioritize environmental and health issues as well as the appearance of the residence.</p>\n<ul></ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_249\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"454\"]<img class=\"wp-image-249 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Green-Cleaning-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"454\" height=\"300\" /> Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Some cleaning products can have human health impacts such as burns or respiratory or skin, eye, nose, throat problems on skin contact or through inhalation exposure, while others may contribute to long-term health problems such as cancer or disruption to the endocrine system. Chlorine bleach or ammonia, which are found in many toilet and drain cleaners, can be corrosive. These chemicals can cause immediate health problems upon skin and inhalation exposure as well as damage to the environment when they go down the drain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> </sup>When harsh chemical use is necessary, use appropriate gloves to avoid or minimize skin exposure. It is also essential to have good air circulation in the room while cleaning and never mix two different types of cleaners, particularly if the products contain chlorine (bleach) and ammonia.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>Green cleaning prioritizes non-toxic cleaning products and low-impact cleaning equipment and reduces the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Green cleaning is not just about products but also about cleaning procedures such as using the appropriate quantity of the right product for a specific job or reducing the frequency of labor-intensive tasks by using less intensive cleaning and maintenance activities more often. Simple changes such as limiting food consumption to specific areas can reduce cleaning needs and can also be part of an integrated pest management plan, reducing the need for toxic pest management chemicals (see <em>Integrated Pest Management</em>). Green cleaning requires a holistic approach that includes the careful selection and use of products and equipment and a reevaluation of cleaning procedures.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Green Cleaning</strong></h2>\n<p>Develop a green cleaning program that prioritizes green or natural products and green cleaning practices <em>(</em>see <em>Operator and Occupant Training</em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_469\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-469 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Green-Cleaning-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"878\" height=\"214\" /> Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]<p>The Healthy Children and Family Study, conducted by Rutgers University, found that the use of a mop with a microfiber cloth and the use of vinegar and baking soda as cleaners lowered airborne particulate matter concentration. Vacuuming with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters help remove particulate matter and volatile organic compounds from the air.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) refers to products or services that have less impact on human health and the environment than competing products or services that serve the same purpose.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Choose environmentally preferable products that are rated green by independent, third-party organizations such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">Greenguard</a>, <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, or <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/learn-about-safer-choice-label\">US EPA’s Safer Choice program</a>. It is also important to check product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).  Custodial equipment, such as vacuums, and green cleaning services can also earn third-party certification through programs like the <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/seal-of-approval-program/vacuums/\">Carpet and Rug Institute Seal of Approval Program</a> and <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/products-services/\">Green Seal</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p><strong> </strong>Green cleaning offers the following benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protects the health and safety of residents and cleaning professionals.</li>\n<li>Reduces toxic chemicals in the indoor and outdoor environment and reduce the amount of hazardous waste requiring disposal.</li>\n<li>Improves indoor air quality.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Over the long-term, green cleaning can reduce the total cost of cleaning through reducing or eliminating hazardous cleaning chemicals. Because there are fewer toxic chemicals that employees must work with, liability exposure also is reduced. Similarly, with fewer toxic chemicals to store, track, maintain and dispose of, the cost of complying with regulatory requirements is reduced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> The University of Georgia’s facilities cleaning program, implemented by the Physical Plant’s building services’ department, earned recognition for a focus on cost-saving and workplace safety. The program covers 9.7 million square feet and includes a Building Services Academy that trains all department employees in green cleaning policies and procedures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> The University of Georgia’s program documented benefits such as a decrease in employee respiratory complaints associated with cleaning chemicals, a decrease in the number of severe employee injuries from slips/falls, and significant cost savings from transitioning from traditional cleaners to green cleaners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Although not limited to residential buildings, this example helps illustrate the benefits and cost reductions of green cleaning. Many green cleaning products are cost-competitive with traditional products, and green cleaning programs offer the added benefit of protecting human health and the environment.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning reduces the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals and products that can pose health hazards to the public and damage to natural resources. Reducing the need to store toxic chemicals and products helps reduce the risk, and danger of toxic substances spills or releases into the environment during an extreme event such as flooding or other disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Minimizing the risk of toxic material spills and leaks help protect the public as well as those engaged in clean up and remediation activities, making it easier to recover after an unexpected event.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> American Lung Association. Cleaning Supplies and Household Chemicals. <a href=\"https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html\">https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Cleveland Clinic. Household Chemical Products and Their Health Risks. <a href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk\">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk</a> (accessed March 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Rutgers University Healthy Children and Family Summary Report.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program.  <a href=\"https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382\">https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> UGA Today. Building excellence: green cleaning program earns two national honors. <a href=\"https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/\">https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> American School &amp; University Magazine. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. <a href=\"https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia\">https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Sciencecorps. Chemical Hazards in Flood and Disasters. <a href=\"http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/\">http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-homeowner-training/\">Homeowner Training</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ewg.org/guides/cleaners/content/methodology\">EWG’s Guide to Healthy Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">US EPA Greening Your Purchase of Cleaning Products: A Guide for Federal Purchasers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice\">US EPA Safer Choice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts\">US EPA Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Green Cleaning','','inherit','closed','closed','','2082-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:47:56','2022-06-23 18:47:56','',2082,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2616',0,'revision','',0),(2617,3,'2022-06-23 18:47:57','2022-06-23 18:47:57','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials? </strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>\n<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"452\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"452\" height=\"346\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a> and <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a> (which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5-282x300.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo[/caption]<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the <a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a>. The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><u>Rutgers University Visitor Center</u></p>\n<p>The Rutgers University Visitor Center was constructed using low-emitting materials including paints, finishes and recycled content carpet.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_49\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"434\"]<img class=\"wp-image-49 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"434\" height=\"296\" /> Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_94\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"444\"]<img class=\"wp-image-94 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"444\" height=\"302\" /> Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits </strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials.  <a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints. <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>\n<strong>Green Product Certifications and Standards:</strong>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">The GREENGUARD Environmental Institute</a> is an industry-independent, not-for-profit organization that oversees the GREENGUARD Certification programs.</li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">LEED: Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage </a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','2117-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:47:57','2022-06-23 18:47:57','',2117,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2617',0,'revision','',0),(2618,3,'2022-06-23 18:47:57','2022-06-23 18:47:57','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are Sustainable Materials?</h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption]</p>\n<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as <a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>, <em>Demolition</em>, and <em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> It is also essential to develop an environmentally preferable purchasing policy to guide purchasing. According to documents guiding federal sustainability (Executive Order 13693), environmentally preferable purchasing refers to “products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose” as it applies to raw materials, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, use, reuse, operation, maintenance, and disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a> has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>, <a href=\"http://www.scsglobalservices/com/services\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>, <a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and <a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the <a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a> are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material. <a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a> is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability </u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2-300x229.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"229\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption]</p>\n<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <u><a href=\"http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a></u> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5-282x300.png\" alt=\"FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" /> FSC Certified Logo[/caption]</p>\n<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design stages of a building, specify certified wood as an alternative to conventional wood including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 3) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption]</p>\n<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <u><a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a></u> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example </strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://fallingwater.org/history-barn-fallingwater/\">Barn at Fallingwater</a></p>\n<p>An adaptive reuse project at the Barn at Fallingwater in Mill Run, Pennsylvania used the original characteristics of the barn and provided new space for administrative offices, exhibitions, lectures, classes, and programs. Along with furthering the connection between nature and architecture, the project earned a Silver LEED rating. This adaptive reuse project also incorporated several renewable resources such as straw panels for sound absorptive wall finishes and products from sunflower seed composite.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_304\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1026\"]<img class=\"wp-image-304 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – Barn at Fallingwater (Source: Fallingwater.org)\" width=\"1026\" height=\"482\" /> Figure 5 – Barn at Fallingwater (Source: Fallingwater.org)[/caption]</p>\n<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\">[30]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\"><sup>[32]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\">[37]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\"><sup>[38]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn40\" name=\"_ednref40\">[40]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. About the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed February 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Cal Recycle. Matrix: Overview of Recycled Content and Availability. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> The Cradle to Cradle<sup>Ò</sup> program certifies products that meet multi-attribute criteria for: human and environmental health; Recyclability/compostability; renewable energy use; water stewardship social responsibility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Forest Stewardship Council. <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us\">https://us.fsc.org/en-us</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> USGBC. LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed February 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]</a> GreenBiz. Durability: A Key Component of Green Building. <a href=\"https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building\">https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials.  <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. How to Buy Good Wood. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Economic Benefits of Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]</a> CalRecycle. Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling. February 2018. <u><a href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/\">http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/</a></u> (accessed July 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities. <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\">[40]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities. <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Workspaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-safe-non-toxic-materials/\">Safe, Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-costs-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-source-reduction-and-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://give.org/\">BBB Wise Giving Alliance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bigreuse.org/\">Big Reuse (Brooklyn)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Materials/\">CalRecycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Recycling Association (CDRA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle-to-Cradle Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/resource-center\">Forest Certification Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/what-is-fsc\">Forest Stewardship Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.greenseal.org/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/buy-green-products-services-and-vehicles/buy-green-products\">GSA Buy Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/43/materials-resources\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Materials and Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/restores?place=us\">Habitat for Humanity Restores</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.buildingmaterials.umn.edu/\">Minnesota Building Materials Database</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/sustainable-engineered-materials\">NIST Engineering Laboratory- Sustainable Engineered Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/sdtguide.html\">NJ DEP Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/resource_page.htm\">NJ DEP – Recycled Product Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://planetreuse.com\">Planet Reuse (2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification – Find Certified Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=5110\">RELi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">The Carpet and Rug Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">US EPA – Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-basics\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management Basics</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">USGBC. LEED BD+C- New Construction. LEEDv4. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide – Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/materials\">Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_preferable_products.php\">Optimize Building Space and Material Use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Sustainable Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','2125-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:47:57','2022-06-23 18:47:57','',2125,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2618',0,'revision','',0),(2619,3,'2022-06-23 18:47:58','2022-06-23 18:47:58','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Green Cleaning\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2><strong>What is Green Cleaning? </strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning refers to using cleaning products and procedures that minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Cleaning with green or natural products can lower airborne particulate matter concentration and improve indoor air quality. Comprehensive green cleaning programs prioritize environmental and health issues as well as the appearance of the facility.</p>\n<p>The commercial cleaning industry uses an estimated 8 billion pounds of chemicals and nearly 4.5 billion pounds of paper products annually, and a shift to greener cleaning has the potential for a significant impact on the environment.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Some cleaning products can have human health impacts such as burns or respiratory or skin, eye, nose, throat problems on skin contact or through inhalation exposure, while others may contribute to long-term health problems such as cancer or disruption to the endocrine system. Chlorine bleach or ammonia, which are found in many toilet and drain cleaners, can be corrosive. These chemicals can cause immediate health problems upon skin and inhalation exposure as well as damage to the environment when they go down the drain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> </sup>When harsh chemical use is necessary, use appropriate gloves to avoid or minimize skin exposure. It is also essential to have good air circulation in the room while cleaning and never mix two different types of cleaners, particularly if the products contain chlorine (bleach) and ammonia.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_249\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-249 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Green-Cleaning-Fig-1-300x198.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" /> Figure 1 – Spray bottles (Source: Flickr fatedsnowfox http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatedsnowfox/4540384687/sizes/l/in/photostream/)[/caption]<p>Green cleaning programs prioritize non-toxic cleaning products and low-impact cleaning equipment and reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Green cleaning is not just about products but also about cleaning procedures such as using the appropriate quantity of the right product for a specific job or reducing the frequency of labor-intensive tasks by using less intensive cleaning and maintenance activities more often. Simple changes such as limiting food consumption to specific areas can reduce cleaning needs and can also be part of an integrated pest management plan, reducing the need for toxic pest management chemicals in the building (see <em>Integrated Pest Management</em>). Green cleaning requires a holistic approach that includes the careful selection and use of products and equipment, a reevaluation of cleaning procedures, comprehensive custodial training, and orientation to green cleaning policies and procedures for all building occupants.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Green Cleaning </strong></h2>\n<p>As part of a building’s Operations &amp; Maintenance plan, develop a green cleaning program that prioritizes green or natural products, green cleaning services, and training staff in green cleaning practices <em>(</em>see <em>Operator and Occupant Training</em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_469\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"878\"]<img class=\"wp-image-469 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Green-Cleaning-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"878\" height=\"214\" /> Figure 2 – Natural Cleaning Products. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]<p>The Healthy Children and Family Study, conducted by Rutgers University, found that the use of a mop with a microfiber cloth and the use of vinegar and baking soda as cleaners lowered airborne particulate matter concentration. Vacuuming with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters help remove particulate matter and volatile organic compounds from the air.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) refers to products or services that have less impact on human health and the environment than competing products or services that serve the same purpose.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Choose environmentally preferable products that are rated green by independent, third-party organizations such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">Greenguard</a>, <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, or <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/learn-about-safer-choice-label\">US EPA’s Safer Choice program</a>. It is also important to check product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).  Custodial equipment, such as vacuums, and green cleaning services can also earn third-party certification through programs like the <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/seal-of-approval-program/vacuums/\">Carpet and Rug Institute Seal of Approval Program</a> and <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/products-services/\">Green Seal</a>.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing a green cleaning program offers the following benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect the health and safety of building occupants and cleaning professionals.</li>\n<li>Reduce toxic chemicals in the indoor and outdoor environment and reduce the amount of hazardous waste requiring disposal.</li>\n<li>Improve indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Promote better inventory management of chemicals and equipment.</li>\n<li>Reduce liability through safety training.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Over the long-term, green cleaning can reduce the total cost of cleaning through reducing or eliminating hazardous cleaning chemicals. Because there are fewer toxic chemicals that employees must work with, liability exposure also is reduced. Similarly, with fewer toxic chemicals to store, track, maintain and dispose of, the cost of complying with regulatory requirements is reduced.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> The University of Georgia’s facilities cleaning program, implemented by the Physical Plant’s building services’ department, earned recognition for a focus on cost-saving and workplace safety. The program covers 9.7 million square feet and includes a Building Services Academy that trains all department employees in green cleaning policies and procedures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> The University of Georgia’s program documented benefits such as a decrease in employee respiratory complaints associated with cleaning chemicals, a decrease in the number of severe employee injuries from slips/falls, and significant cost savings from transitioning from traditional cleaners to green cleaners.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many green cleaning products are cost-competitive with traditional products, and green cleaning programs offer the added benefit of protecting human health and the environment. Also, when combined with daily cleaning, green cleaning can reduce a building’s energy usage by not requiring additional energy usage during off hours.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green cleaning reduces the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals and products that can pose health hazards to the public and damage to natural resources. Reducing the need to store toxic chemicals and products helps reduce the risk, and danger of toxic substances spills or releases into the environment during an extreme event such as flooding or other disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a> Minimizing the risk of toxic material spills and leaks help protect the public as well as those engaged in clean up and remediation activities, making it easier to recover after an unexpected event.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program. <a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program--8382\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article/Launching-a-Green-Cleaning-Program–8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> American Lung Association. Cleaning Supplies and Household Chemicals. <a href=\"https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html\">https://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/indoor/indoor-air-pollutants/cleaning-supplies-household-chem.html</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Cleveland Clinic. Household Chemical Products and Their Health Risks. <a href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk\">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11397-household-chemical-products-and-their-health-risk</a> (accessed March 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. <a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Andrews, C.J., Mainelis, G., Wener, R., Sorensen Allacci, M., Plotnik, D., Senick, J., Feygina, I., Autote, O., Ramkumar, S., Pryce, T., Marathe, R. and Ding, J. “Expanding the Definition of Green: Impacts of Green and Active Living Design on Health in Low Income Housing: Added Value of Behavioral Interventions as part of an Integrated Service Delivery Model”. Prepared by Rutgers Center for Green Building &amp; Associates for U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2013. At http://rcgb.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/HUD-Expanding-the-Definition-of-Green-Healthy-Families-Study-2013_FINAL_revised.pdf (accessed March 21, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Facilities.net. Launching a Green Cleaning Program.  <a href=\"https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382\">https://www.facilitiesnet.com/iaq/article.aspx?id=8382</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> UGA Today. Building excellence: green cleaning program earns two national honors. <a href=\"https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/\">https://news.uga.edu/building-excellence-green-cleaning-program-wins-two-national-honors/</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> American School &amp; University Magazine. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. <a href=\"https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia\">https://www.asumag.com/green-cleaning-award-schools-amp-universities/university-georgia-athens-georgia</a> (accessed March 4, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-green-cleaning/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Sciencecorps. Chemical Hazards in Flood and Disasters. <a href=\"http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/\">http://www.sciencecorps.org/floods-fuels/</a> (accessed December 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-pest-management/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/new-commercial/ec-operator-and-occupant-training/\">Operator and Occupant Training</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ewg.org/guides/cleaners/content/methodology\">EWG’s Guide to Healthy Cleaning</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=green+cleaning\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/greening-your-purchase-cleaning-products-guide-federal-purchasers\">US EPA Greening Your Purchase of Cleaning Products: A Guide for Federal Purchasers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice\">US EPA Safer Choice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts\">US EPA Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Green Cleaning','','inherit','closed','closed','','2139-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:47:58','2022-06-23 18:47:58','',2139,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2619',0,'revision','',0),(2620,3,'2022-06-23 18:47:58','2022-06-23 18:47:58','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials? </strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>\n<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"452\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"452\" height=\"346\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a> and <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a> (which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5-282x300.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo[/caption]<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the <a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a>. The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><u>Rutgers University Visitor Center</u></p>\n<p>The Rutgers University Visitor Center was constructed using low-emitting materials including paints, finishes and recycled content carpet.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_49\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"434\"]<img class=\"wp-image-49 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"434\" height=\"296\" /> Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_94\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"444\"]<img class=\"wp-image-94 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"444\" height=\"302\" /> Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits </strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials.  <a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints. <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide: Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Green Product Certifications and Standards:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">The GREENGUARD Environmental Institute</a> is an industry-independent, not-for-profit organization that oversees the GREENGUARD Certification programs.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">LEED: Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1589-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:47:58','2022-06-23 18:47:58','',1589,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2620',0,'revision','',0),(2621,3,'2022-06-23 18:56:11','2022-06-23 18:56:11','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"452\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"452\" height=\"346\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a><span> </span>and<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a><span> </span>(which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the<span> </span><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a><span> </span>(see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>). The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.buzzfile.com/business/Independent-Living-609-883-8500\">Ewing Independent Living</a></p>\n<p>This project in Ewing, NJ is a 72-unit affordable community designed for those over 55 and adults with disabilities. Ewing Independent Living features many green elements including low VOC paints and adhesives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials. <span> </span><a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>USGBC. LEED Facts.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts</a><span> </span> (accessed May 13, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints.<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost?<span> </span><a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li>Green Product Certifications and Standards:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1388-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:56:11','2022-06-23 18:56:11','',1388,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2621',0,'revision','',0),(2622,3,'2022-06-23 18:58:25','2022-06-23 18:58:25','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"452\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"452\" height=\"346\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a><span> </span>and<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a><span> </span>(which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the<span> </span><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a><span> </span>(see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>). The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.buzzfile.com/business/Independent-Living-609-883-8500\">Ewing Independent Living</a></p>\n<p>This project in Ewing, NJ is a 72-unit affordable community designed for those over 55 and adults with disabilities. Ewing Independent Living features many green elements including low VOC paints and adhesives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials. <span> </span><a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>USGBC. LEED Facts.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts</a><span> </span> (accessed May 13, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints.<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost?<span> </span><a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li>Green Product Certifications and Standards:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1388-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:58:25','2022-06-23 18:58:25','',1388,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2622',0,'revision','',0),(2623,3,'2022-06-23 18:58:25','2022-06-23 18:58:25','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Sustainable Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see<span> </span><em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>,<span> </span><em>Demolition</em>, and<span> </span><em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a><span> </span>has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scsglobalservices/com/services\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>,<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a><span> </span>are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a><span> </span>is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability</u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"510\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"510\" height=\"390\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C<sup>Ò</sup>) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitatbergen.org/past-projects\">Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County – Bergenfield Energy Star-certified Home</a></p>\n<p>This Habitat for Humanity project earned Energy Star certification and included sustainable design elements such as insulation made from recycled denim and energy efficient systems.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_579\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"340\"]<img class=\"wp-image-579 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)\" width=\"340\" height=\"340\" /> Figure 3 – Kitchen of Habitat for Humanity Bergenfield Home (Source: Habitat for Humanity of Bergen County)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <a href=\"http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design phase, specify certified wood instead of conventional wood whenever possible, including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 5) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"372\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"372\" height=\"396\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\"><sup>[30]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\">[32]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for residents who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\"><sup>[37]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\">[38]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cal Recycle. Matrix: Overview of Recycled Content and Availability. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> The Cradle to Cradle<sup>Ò</sup> program certifies products that meet multi-attribute criteria for: human and environmental health; Recyclability/compostability; renewable energy use; water stewardship social responsibility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Forest Stewardship Council. <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us\">https://us.fsc.org/en-us</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> USGBC. LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed February 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]</a> GreenBiz. Durability: A Key Component of Green Building. <a href=\"https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building\">https://www.greenbiz.com/news/2005/12/18/durability-key-component-green-building</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Construction and Demotion Materials.  <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials#design</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. How to Buy Good Wood. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Economic Benefits of Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]</a> CalRecycle. Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling. February 2018. <a href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/\">http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/</a> (accessed July 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-flexible-spaces/\">Flexible Spaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-source-reduction-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://give.org/\">BBB Wise Giving Alliance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bigreuse.org/\">Big Reuse (Brooklyn)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Materials/\">CalRecycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Recycling Association (CDRA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle-to-Cradle Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/resource-center\">Forest Certification Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/what-is-fsc\">Forest Stewardship Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.greenseal.org/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/buy-green-products-services-and-vehicles/buy-green-products\">GSA Buy Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/43/materials-resources\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Materials and Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/restores?place=us\">Habitat for Humanity Restores</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/sustainable-engineered-materials\">NIST Engineering Laboratory- Sustainable Engineered Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/sdtguide.html\">NJ DEP Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/resource_page.htm\">NJ DEP – Recycled Product Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://planetreuse.com/\">Planet Reuse (2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification – Find Certified Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=5110\">RELi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">The Carpet and Rug Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">US EPA – Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-basics\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management Basics</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">USGBC. LEED BD+C- New Construction. LEEDv4. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide – Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/materials\">Whole Building Design Guide – Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_preferable_products.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Optimize Building Space and Material Use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Sustainable Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1394-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:58:25','2022-06-23 18:58:25','',1394,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2623',0,'revision','',0),(2624,3,'2022-06-23 18:58:26','2022-06-23 18:58:26','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials? </strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>\n<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"452\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"452\" height=\"346\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a> and <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a> (which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5-282x300.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo[/caption]<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the <a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a>. The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><u>Rutgers University Visitor Center</u></p>\n<p>The Rutgers University Visitor Center was constructed using low-emitting materials including paints, finishes and recycled content carpet.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_49\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"434\"]<img class=\"wp-image-49 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"434\" height=\"296\" /> Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_94\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"444\"]<img class=\"wp-image-94 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"444\" height=\"302\" /> Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits </strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials.  <a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints. <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide: Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Green Product Certifications and Standards:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">The GREENGUARD Environmental Institute</a> is an industry-independent, not-for-profit organization that oversees the GREENGUARD Certification programs.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">LEED: Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1589-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:58:26','2022-06-23 18:58:26','',1589,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2624',0,'revision','',0),(2625,3,'2022-06-23 18:58:27','2022-06-23 18:58:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are Sustainable Materials?</h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption]\n<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as <a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>, <em>Demolition</em>, and <em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> It is also essential to develop an environmentally preferable purchasing policy to guide purchasing. According to documents guiding federal sustainability (Executive Order 13693), environmentally preferable purchasing refers to “products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose” as it applies to raw materials, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, use, reuse, operation, maintenance, and disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a> has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>, <a href=\"http://www.scsglobalservices/com/services\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>, <a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and <a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the <a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a> are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material. <a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a> is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability </u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2-300x229.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"229\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption]<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <u><a href=\"http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a></u> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5-282x300.png\" alt=\"FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" /> FSC Certified Logo[/caption]<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design stages of a building, specify certified wood as an alternative to conventional wood including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 3) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption]<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <u><a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a></u> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example </strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://fallingwater.org/history-barn-fallingwater/\">Barn at Fallingwater</a></p>\n<p>An adaptive reuse project at the Barn at Fallingwater in Mill Run, Pennsylvania used the original characteristics of the barn and provided new space for administrative offices, exhibitions, lectures, classes, and programs. Along with furthering the connection between nature and architecture, the project earned a Silver LEED rating. This adaptive reuse project also incorporated several renewable resources such as straw panels for sound absorptive wall finishes and products from sunflower seed composite.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_304\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1026\"]<img class=\"wp-image-304 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – Barn at Fallingwater (Source: Fallingwater.org)\" width=\"1026\" height=\"482\" /> Figure 5 – Barn at Fallingwater (Source: Fallingwater.org)[/caption]<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\">[30]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\"><sup>[32]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\">[37]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\"><sup>[38]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn40\" name=\"_ednref40\">[40]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. About the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed February 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Cal Recycle. Matrix: Overview of Recycled Content and Availability. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials/matrix</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> The Cradle to Cradle<sup>Ò</sup> program certifies products that meet multi-attribute criteria for: human and environmental health; Recyclability/compostability; renewable energy use; water stewardship social responsibility.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Natural Resources Defense Council. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Forest Stewardship Council. <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us\">https://us.fsc.org/en-us</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> USGBC. LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 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How to Buy Good Wood. <a href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp\">http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]</a> New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Economic Benefits of Recycling. <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm\">http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/economic.htm</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]</a> CalRecycle. Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling. February 2018. <u><a href=\"http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/\">http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ConDemo/</a></u> (accessed July 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]</a> National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities. <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\">[40]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities. <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Workspaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-non-toxic-materials/\">Safe, Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-life-cycle-cost-analysis/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-source-reduction-and-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide: Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Green Product Certifications and Standards:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">The GREENGUARD Environmental Institute</a> is an industry-independent, not-for-profit organization that oversees the GREENGUARD Certification programs.</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">LEED: Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Sustainable Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1596-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:58:27','2022-06-23 18:58:27','',1596,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2625',0,'revision','',0),(2626,3,'2022-06-23 18:58:28','2022-06-23 18:58:28','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials? </strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>\n<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"452\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"452\" height=\"346\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a> and <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a> (which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5-282x300.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo[/caption]<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the <a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a>. The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><u>Rutgers University Visitor Center</u></p>\n<p>The Rutgers University Visitor Center was constructed using low-emitting materials including paints, finishes and recycled content carpet.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_49\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"434\"]<img class=\"wp-image-49 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"434\" height=\"296\" /> Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_94\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"444\"]<img class=\"wp-image-94 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"444\" height=\"302\" /> Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits </strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials.  <a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints. <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>\n<strong>Green Product Certifications and Standards:</strong>\n<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">The GREENGUARD Environmental Institute</a> is an industry-independent, not-for-profit organization that oversees the GREENGUARD Certification programs.</li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">LEED: Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage </a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','2117-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:58:28','2022-06-23 18:58:28','',2117,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2626',0,'revision','',0),(2627,3,'2022-06-23 18:58:29','2022-06-23 18:58:29','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Sustainable Materials\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are Sustainable Materials?</h2>\n<p>Sustainable materials provide environmental and human health benefits and reduce negative impacts over the life of the material and generally incorporate characteristics that contribute to:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resource efficiency &amp; conservation</li>\n<li>Indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Energy efficiency</li>\n<li>Affordability</li>\n<li>Safe and healthy indoor environments</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>There are environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a material (extracting resources, processing, producing, shipping, installation and use, and discarding). Evaluating and understanding the health and environmental impacts of materials is complex and can be confusing, but good resources and increased availability of product information can help.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"358\"]<img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-FIg-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)\" width=\"358\" height=\"350\" /> Figure 1 – Recycled carpet (Source: Rutgers University)[/caption]</p>\n<h2>How to Integrate Sustainable Materials</h2>\n<p>Sustainable material management (SMM) refers to the process of researching the system-wide impacts of the life cycle of materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> A comprehensive approach that incorporates social, environmental, and economic factors relies on the use of research, innovation, and technology to support decisions about appropriate material selection and use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) provide information about the environmental impact of a material throughout its life cycle. LEEDv4 rewards project teams for incorporating materials and products that have life cycle information available and verified positive environmental life cycle impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>When choosing materials, consider the following aspects of sustainability:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recycled content and recyclability</li>\n<li>Certified wood (such as <a href=\"http://info.fsc.org/\">Forest Stewardship Council</a>-certified products)</li>\n<li>Locally produced and sourced products</li>\n<li>Rapidly renewable materials</li>\n<li>Salvaged materials</li>\n<li>Non-toxic, no/low-emitting materials</li>\n<li>Durability and adaptability</li>\n</ul>\n<p>When developing material specifications and standards for a project, it is important to consider environmental factors such as waste prevention and disposal (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>, <em>Demolition</em>, and <em>Source Reduction and Recycling</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> It is also essential to develop an environmentally preferable purchasing policy to guide purchasing. According to documents guiding federal sustainability (Executive Order 13693), environmentally preferable purchasing refers to “products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose” as it applies to raw materials, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, use, reuse, operation, maintenance, and disposal.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA website</a> has several useful tools for finding and evaluating green products and services.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> There are a number of certification programs, standards and criteria available to help provide guidance in selecting and evaluating sustainable materials such as <a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/testing/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/programs/\">Green Seal</a>, <a href=\"http://www.scsglobalservices/com/services\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>, <a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification</a>, and <a href=\"http://ic.fsc.org/en\">Forest Stewardship Council Certification</a>. Also, life cycle assessment tools such as those offered by the <a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a> are useful in helping to assess the cost and impact of a material. <a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a> is a third-party certification for products that promote safety for humans, the environment, and are designed for future life cycles rather than being disposed.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><u>Recycled Content &amp; Recyclability </u></p>\n<p>Using recycled materials reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or incinerators and reduces the extraction of resources used to produce new products and materials. Many common building materials and furnishings contain recycled materials such as asphalt, steel, carpet, ceiling tiles, and concrete. Post-consumer recycled content is material that has been used by consumers, collected and re-manufactured into new products and materials. Plastic lumber is a product that often has high post-consumer recycled content. Some plastic lumber is composed of 100% post-consumer plastic such as milk jugs and laundry detergent bottles.</p>\n<p>Labeling related to recycled content can be confusing. The recycling symbol is in the public domain, so its use can have a variety of meanings. Some products have labeling that identifies the percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content in the product. If a product is not labeled, contact the manufacturer and ask about recycled content.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_398\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-398 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-2-300x229.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)\" width=\"300\" height=\"229\" /> Figure 2 – Carpet made from recycled fibers (Source: Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/erindowney/278614807/)[/caption]</p>\n<p>Typical materials that often contain post-consumer recycled content include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drywall</li>\n<li>Insulation</li>\n<li>Plastic lumber</li>\n<li>Kitchen countertops</li>\n<li>Glass tiles</li>\n<li>Landscaping materials</li>\n<li>Carpet and carpet padding</li>\n<li>Steel</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The recyclability of materials is also an essential consideration in materials selection. Some materials are recyclable at the end of their useful life into new high-quality carpeting with very little waste such as carpet products that are Cradle to Cradle (C2C) certified.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>\n<p><u>Certified Wood</u></p>\n<p>Certified wood refers to wood harvested from forests that practice environmentally and economically responsible forestry. A third-party entity documents the sustainable forestry practices and the chain of custody, which tracks wood from the forest through milling and manufacturing to the point of sale. Certifiers also grant chain-of-custody certifications to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Forest certification intends to let consumers know that wood or paper product comes from forests managed under strict environmental and social standards. <u><a href=\"http://www.metafore.org/index.php?p=Forest_Certification_Comparison_Matrix&amp;s=191\">The Forest Resource Certification Center</a></u> provides information about several well-known certification programs.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5-282x300.png\" alt=\"FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" /> FSC Certified Logo[/caption]</p>\n<p>The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one example of a popular certification program. FSC has established a program that monitors third-party certifiers of forests and forest products. During FSC forest-management assessments, teams of foresters, ecologists and social scientists visit forestry operations and inspect their practices for compliance with FSC’s standards, such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensuring harvesting rates and clearing sizes do not exceed a forest’s natural capacity to regenerate</li>\n<li>Maintaining natural forest conditions needed for wildlife and healthy ecosystem function</li>\n<li>Protecting rare, threatened and endangered species and forest types</li>\n<li>Establishing new plantations on agricultural and pasture lands and avoiding the replacement of natural forests with barren tree plantations</li>\n<li>Creating adequate conservation zones</li>\n<li>Minimizing or eliminating chemical use</li>\n<li>Protecting streams and rivers from soil erosion that degrades water quality and fish habitat</li>\n<li>Protecting the rights and interests of workers, communities, and indigenous people who benefit from the forestry operation</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Forestry operations that meet the standards are granted an FSC forest management certification and audited annually. Forestry operations are required to make improvements as a condition of getting certified and staying certified over time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></p>\n<p>During the design stages of a building, specify certified wood as an alternative to conventional wood including certified plywood and veneers. There are several resources available to assist with finding certified wood such as the <a href=\"https://us.fsc.org/en-us/market/find-products/fsc-certificate-database\">FSC Certificate Database</a>. This database includes primarily manufacturers and distributors, not retailers. To find products carried by a local retailer, contact them directly.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Look for the FSC logo (Figure 3) stamped on the product. In addition to choosing certified wood, selecting salvaged or reclaimed wood also helps protect resources and reduce waste. Purchase wood from local producers when possible to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from transporting the materials.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_248\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"448\"]<img class=\"wp-image-248 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)\" width=\"448\" height=\"606\" /> Figure 4 – The siding (right side of image) of the Queens Botanical Garden’s Visitor Center is FSC certified Western Red Cedar (Source: Queens Botanical Garden/Nicole De Feo)[/caption]</p>\n<p><u>Locally Produced and Sourced Products</u></p>\n<p>The LEED system includes a location valuation factor that promotes the use of products extracted, manufactured and purchased within 100 miles of a project. Purchasing locally produced products helps support local businesses and reduce transportation-related environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n<p><u>Salvaged Materials</u></p>\n<p>Salvaged materials include materials saved during the deconstruction process and sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on future projects (see <em>Deconstruction</em>). Construction and Demolition (C&amp;D) debris accounts for 534 million tons of waste, 90% the result of demolition work with the remaining 10% generated by construction activities.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a> Carefully dismantling a structure with the intent of reusing materials extends the useful life materials, requires less energy and raw materials, and produces less pollution than discarding or recycling materials.</p>\n<p>Identify materials to reuse, sell, donate, or recycle early in the planning process and develop a plan for salvaged materials in project documents such as the construction and demolition waste management plan (see <em>Construction and Demolition Waste Reduction</em>).<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]</a></sup> Salvageable materials may include plumbing, light fixtures, doors, cabinets, working appliances, windows, millwork, carpet, brick, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items such as fireplaces and stonework.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]</a> When reusing salvaged materials, keep in mind that materials may contain chemicals not safe for the environment and human health. The EPA’s Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials site has information on potentially contaminated materials and substances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]</a><sup>,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Contact organizations and programs that facilitate the exchange or purchase of salvaged or surplus building materials. Other options include auctions and classified websites designed to sell, donate or buy materials. Check with a consulting a site such as <u><a href=\"http://www.bbb.org/us/charity\">The Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance</a></u> to identify organizations eligible to receive donations.</p>\n<p><u>Rapidly Renewable Resources</u></p>\n<p>Rapidly renewable materials are natural, non-petroleum-based building materials and include agricultural by-products such as bamboo, straw, cork, natural linoleum products, cotton, sunflowers, hemp, wool, wheatboard, and strawboard. Using materials produced with rapidly growing plant-based products reduces the harvesting of forests and other resources that take decades to regenerate. Consider green building materials comprised of a composite of rapidly renewable materials and recycled content (e.g., newsprint, cotton, soy-based materials, seed husks).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]</a> Compare the environmental trade-offs of using a product such as global warming, resource depletion, indoor air quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]</a> Although some materials might be from rapidly renewable sources, they may require shipping from long distances or may not be as durable as other conventional materials.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example </strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://fallingwater.org/history-barn-fallingwater/\">Barn at Fallingwater</a></p>\n<p>An adaptive reuse project at the Barn at Fallingwater in Mill Run, Pennsylvania used the original characteristics of the barn and provided new space for administrative offices, exhibitions, lectures, classes, and programs. Along with furthering the connection between nature and architecture, the project earned a Silver LEED rating. This adaptive reuse project also incorporated several renewable resources such as straw panels for sound absorptive wall finishes and products from sunflower seed composite.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_304\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1026\"]<img class=\"wp-image-304 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – Barn at Fallingwater (Source: Fallingwater.org)\" width=\"1026\" height=\"482\" /> Figure 5 – Barn at Fallingwater (Source: Fallingwater.org)[/caption]</p>\n<p><u>Non-toxic, No/low-emitting Materials</u></p>\n<p>Safe, non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>VOCs contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of reactions from exposure than the general population.</p>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a> (see <em>Safe, Non-Toxic Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><u>Durable Materials and Designing for Adaptability</u></p>\n<p>Selecting durable and adaptable materials reduces waste, extends the useful life of a building and contributes to the resiliency of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]</a> Durable materials require less repair and less frequent replacement so the environmental impacts of the resources that have been invested in those materials can be spread out over a longer time.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]</a> A durability plan can help inform decision making throughout every phase of a building’s development and addresses factors such as sunlight, moisture, heat, insects, and natural disasters.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]</a> Designing for adaptability allows materials to be easily disassembled and reused, thus providing economic benefits and reducing environmental impacts.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\">[30]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Careful selection and use of sustainable materials provide environmental benefits in many ways such as:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserving resources</li>\n<li>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (in extraction, production, and shipping)</li>\n<li>Supporting local businesses and economy</li>\n<li>Ensuring safer air quality indoor (also overall regional air quality)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Consumer demand for sustainable materials and product certification is a powerful incentive for manufacturers and suppliers. By purchasing certified wood, for example, forest managers are more likely to adopt ecologically sound practices that maintain natural forest characteristics. Also, demand can help to move the wood industry away from destructive techniques like large-scale clearcutting, logging in endangered and old growth forests, and destruction of natural forests for replacement by barren tree plantations.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Choosing certified and/or salvaged wood and wood products can help:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protect natural forests and other habitats</li>\n<li>Reduce the use of highly hazardous pesticides</li>\n<li>Minimize the cultivation of genetically modified trees (GMOs)</li>\n<li>Protect the rights of indigenous peoples</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using post-consumer recycled content:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\"><sup>[32]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces waste going into landfills and incinerators</li>\n<li>Preserves natural resources by reducing the use of virgin materials used to produce new products and materials</li>\n<li>Saves energy and prevents pollution caused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials and the manufacture of products using virgin materials</li>\n<li>Contributes to the recycling economy</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Using rapidly renewable materials can:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials</li>\n<li>Reduce the number and quantity of products made from fossil-fuel derivatives</li>\n<li>Reduce demand for materials that require longer to regenerate</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Salvaging materials during the demolition process shift the construction industry away from the conventional practice of consumption and disposal towards an ethic of resource efficiency and reuse. The benefits of using salvaged materials include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimizing landfill waste and pollution and the need for more landfills</li>\n<li>Decreasing consumption and demand for new materials, reducing waste and pollution associated with the production of virgin materials</li>\n<li>Creating value-added markets from waste materials</li>\n<li>Expanding job opportunities and workforce development skills</li>\n<li>Reducing project costs through avoided disposal costs and purchases of new materials, revenue earned from material sales, and tax breaks gained for donations</li>\n<li>Preserving architectural and cultural heritage by salvaging unique materials</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>There is a perception that sustainable products always cost more than conventional products. Some materials do have a higher first cost; however, the first cost is often made up within the overall life cycle cost of the material. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (see <em>Life Cycle Cost Analysis</em>) takes into account the lifecycle costs of building designs and systems while a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (see<em> Life Cycle Assessment)</em> evaluates the environmental impacts of products, services, and systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]</a> Together, LCCA’s and LCA’s provide the essential components of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. There are also many sustainable materials available that are comparable in price to conventional materials.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]</a> Low- and no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as a manufacturer’s premium line of paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\">[37]</a> Furthermore, non-sustainable materials often do not reflect the costs (often referred to as “externalities”), such as expenses associated with cleaning up contamination and losses due to human health and illness.</p>\n<p>As a result of increased demand and changes in technology, post-consumer recycled products are readily available on the market today and are often comparable in cost and quality to products made with virgin materials. The price for recycled content padding and carpeting, for example, is often comparable to a conventional, virgin-fiber carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\"><sup>[38]</sup></a> Whether virgin or recycled, many factors impact the cost of products such as availability, cost of material feedstocks, energy costs, distributor mark-up, transportation charges, size and type of order, and geographic location. The cost-effectiveness of reusing, donating or selling salvaged building materials varies with each project, depending on the value of the salvaged materials, the market for these materials, and the costs of labor and disposal. Post-consumer recycled products may last longer or require less maintenance than their counterparts made with virgin material which can offset any additional up-front costs. Therefore, items with high wear and tear, maintenance or replacement frequency may be ideal candidates for post-consumer recycled products with higher upfront costs, but longer useful life expectancy.</p>\n<h2>Resiliency</h2>\n<p>Many of the benefits listed above also contribute to resiliency. Selecting sustainable materials can help protect human health by minimizing exposure to toxic components during an emergency and contributing to the durability of the facility and its contents. Protecting indoor air quality contributes to building occupants’ health and well-being and the ability of the occupants to function during and recover from disruption. Using sustainable materials, such as certified or salvaged wood can help protect natural habitats that contribute to more resilient ecosystems. Established networks and markets for salvaged materials also help divert and reuse debris generated by natural disasters and severe storm events that can contaminate the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]</a> Salvaging materials from storms turn recovery efforts into a profit-generating resource rather than a post-disaster clean-up expense.</p>\n<p>The use of safe, non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help reduce the release of toxic chemicals into debris following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_edn40\" name=\"_ednref40\">[40]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p>Using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can also contribute to more resilient structures.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Greenbuilding/Materials/</a> (accessed February 1, 2019)).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. Sustainable Materials Management. The Road Ahead. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-road-ahead</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> BIAC. The Voice of OECD Business. Key Business Messages. Sustainable Materials Management. <a href=\"http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf\">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/18/46235661.pdf</a> (accessed November 28, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> USGBC. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. Optimize Building Space and Material Use. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/optimize-building-space-material-use</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. About the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program\">https://www.epa.gov/greenerproducts/about-environmentally-preferable-purchasing-program</a> (accessed February 3, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 2016. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Cal Recycle. 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LEEDv4. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc\">https://www.usgbc.org/guide/bdc</a> (accessed February 1, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet. November 2016</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/2014_smmfactsheet_508.pdf</a> (accessed  June 23, 2018)  (As cited in US EPA. Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials. February 2018. (<a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-management-construction-and-demolition-materials</a>)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\"><sup>[16]</sup></a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials</a> (accessed July 2, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> Habitat for Humanity. Habitat ReStore. “8 things to donate when renovating.”</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating\">https://www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]</a> US EPA. Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials. Aug 23, 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials (accessed July 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]</a>  US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content</a> (accessed July 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]</a> Green-buildings.com. What are Rapidly Renewal Materials?  <a href=\"http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they\">http://www.green-buildings.com/content/78325-rapidly-renewable-materials-leed-mr-credit-6-what-are-they</a> (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. 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Life Cycle Assessments – U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. <a href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html\">https://www.nrel.gov/lci/assessments.html</a> (accessed January 30, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]</a> CalRecycle. <a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/Greenbuilding/Training/StateManual/Materials.doc</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]</a> New World Climate. Best Low Voc Carpets for your Home. <a href=\"http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/\">http://www.nwclimate.org/green-home/low-voc-carpets-and-rugs/</a>  (accessed February 19, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities. <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed July 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\">[40]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities. <a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-flexible-workspaces/\">Flexible Workspaces</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-safe-non-toxic-materials/\">Safe, Non-toxic Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-costs-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-source-reduction-and-recycling/\">Source Reduction and Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.athenasmi.org/\">Athena Sustainable Materials Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://give.org/\">BBB Wise Giving Alliance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bigreuse.org/\">Big Reuse (Brooklyn)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.bmra.org/\">Building Materials Reuse Association</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Materials/\">CalRecycle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://cdrecycling.org/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Recycling Association (CDRA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle-to-Cradle Certification</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/resource-center\">Forest Certification Resource Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/what-is-fsc\">Forest Stewardship Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.greenseal.org/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/buy-green-products-services-and-vehicles/buy-green-products\">GSA Buy Green Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/43/materials-resources\">GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool – Materials and Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.habitat.org/restores?place=us\">Habitat for Humanity Restores</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.buildingmaterials.umn.edu/\">Minnesota Building Materials Database</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/sustainable-engineered-materials\">NIST Engineering Laboratory- Sustainable Engineered Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/sdtguide.html\">NJ DEP Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/resource_page.htm\">NJ DEP – Recycled Product Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://nerc.org/\">Northeast Recycling Council</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://planetreuse.com\">Planet Reuse (2018)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/find-certified\">Rainforest Alliance Certification – Find Certified Products</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://c3livingdesign.org/?page_id=5110\">RELi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">The Carpet and Rug Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/best-practices-reducing-reusing-and-recycling-construction-and-demolition-materials\">US EPA – Best Practices for Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling Construction and Demolition Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epp/\">US EPA – Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Products and Services</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-basics\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management Basics</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-healthca-22\">USGBC. LEED BD+C- New Construction. LEEDv4. Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – environmental product declarations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/smm/comprehensive-procurement-guideline-cpg-program#content\">US EPA Sustainable Materials Management. Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Program. June 2018.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide – Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/materials\">Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_preferable_products.php\">Optimize Building Space and Material Use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Sustainable Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','2125-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:58:29','2022-06-23 18:58:29','',2125,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2627',0,'revision','',0),(2628,3,'2022-06-23 18:58:48','2022-06-23 18:58:48','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials?</strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"452\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"452\" height=\"346\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a><span> </span>(indoor air quality certification),<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a><span> </span>(carpets/rugs),<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a><span> </span>and<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a><span> </span>(which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the<span> </span><a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a><span> </span>(see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>). The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.buzzfile.com/business/Independent-Living-609-883-8500\">Ewing Independent Living</a></p>\n<p>This project in Ewing, NJ is a 72-unit affordable community designed for those over 55 and adults with disabilities. Ewing Independent Living features many green elements including low VOC paints and adhesives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a><span> </span>Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials. <span> </span><a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>USGBC. LEED Facts.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts\">https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-facts</a><span> </span> (accessed May 13, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints.<span> </span><a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost?<span> </span><a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG): Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n<li>Green Product Certifications and Standards:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org/\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">GREENGUARD</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenseal.org/splash/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1388-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:58:48','2022-06-23 18:58:48','',1388,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2628',0,'revision','',0),(2629,3,'2022-06-23 18:58:48','2022-06-23 18:58:48','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Non-toxic Materials\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Non-toxic Materials? </strong></h2>\n<p>Non-toxic or low-emitting materials release relatively low levels of odorous, irritating, toxic, or hazardous substances unhealthy to building occupants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including formaldehyde), particulates, and fibers include substances often emitted from building materials that can adversely impact human health.</p>\n<p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contain carbon molecules and can vaporize from material surfaces into indoor air at average room temperatures (a process known as off-gassing).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> A non-toxic material must meet different thresholds of VOC emissions compliance depending on the material.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Found in many everyday products and building materials, VOCs can escape into the air and cause illness and allergic reactions. Studies have linked elevated levels of VOCs and interior pollutants to health concerns that cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and other health problems. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> People with respiratory problems, children, seniors and people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk to reactions from exposure than general population.</p>\n<p>According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times) than outdoors. Paints, sealants, manufactured wood products, and adhesives as well as some furnishings and carpet systems often release VOCs. Inherently non-emitting sources of VOCs such as stone, ceramic, powder-coated metals, plated or anodized metal, glass, concrete, clay, brick, and unfinished or untreated solid wood do not require VOC emissions testing if they do not include VOC emitting surface coatings, binders, or sealants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), a known carcinogen, is a colorless gas with a strong odor that can cause eye, nose, skin, and lung irritations. It forms an essential component of several polymers used in many building materials including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, and melamine resin. When selecting safe, non-toxic materials, avoid building materials and products containing formaldehyde resins. Pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, medium density fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent-press fabrics, paper product coatings, and specific insulation materials often use formaldehyde resins.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> More information about formaldehyde can be found through resources such as the <a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde\">US EPA website</a>. If a formaldehyde-containing product is purchased, it should be aired out before it is used.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"452\"]<img class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)\" width=\"452\" height=\"346\" /> Figure 1 – Paint cans (Source: Maury McCown)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Non-toxic Materials</strong></h2>\n<p>Increased awareness about possible health risks and indoor air quality concerns have helped to expand the market for safe, non-toxic materials. Low-emitting material credit requirements by LEED and other green building certifications have led to a demand for products lower in VOCs and toxic chemicals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Several certification programs, standards, and criteria for selecting and evaluating sustainable materials include <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">GREENGUARD</a> (indoor air quality certification), <a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/\">Green Label Plus</a> (carpets/rugs), <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180929003530/http://www.greenseal.org/Home.aspx\">Green Seal</a>, and <a href=\"http://www.scscertified.com/\">Scientific Certification Systems</a>.</p>\n<p>The definition of a “low” concentration of VOC emissions varies according to the product type. For example, for interior paints and coatings, low-VOC emitting products have concentrations below 50 g/L; a zero-VOC paint has fewer than 5 grams per liter.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Paints and finishes come in either oil-based formulas or latex (water) based, which are generally less toxic and less VOC-emitting than oil-based paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Not all latex-based formulas are low in VOC’s, however, and a few oil-based products now qualify as low-VOC. For independent certifications and standards, see <a href=\"http://www.greenseal.org/\">greenseal.org</a> and <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/en/index.aspx\">greenguard.org</a> (which measures VOC emissions).</p>\n<p>There are many hard, low-formaldehyde flooring materials on the market. Formaldehyde occurs naturally in wood and making wood-containing flooring products are never 100% formaldehyde free. By using materials such as concrete and recycled tile, a homeowner can significantly reduce the amount of formaldehyde concentration in a home, while also preserving natural resources such as wood commonly used for flooring.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Sustainable-Materials-Fig-5-282x300.png\" alt=\"Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo (Source: http://www.fsc.org/)\" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" /> Figure 5 – FSC Certified Logo[/caption]<p>If choosing to install new wood, consider salvaged wood or look for products that earn the <a href=\"https://ic.fsc.org/en/choosing-fsc/fsc-labels\">Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification label</a>. The FSC specializes in providing certification for wood products produced from sustainable harvesting practices that contain low levels of formaldehyde. FSC-certified wood floors do not include added urea-formaldehyde.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><u>Rutgers University Visitor Center</u></p>\n<p>The Rutgers University Visitor Center was constructed using low-emitting materials including paints, finishes and recycled content carpet.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_49\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"434\"]<img class=\"wp-image-49 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"434\" height=\"296\" /> Figure 3 – Stained concrete floor (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_94\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"444\"]<img class=\"wp-image-94 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NC-Safe-Non-Toxic-Materials-Fig-3.png\" alt=\"Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"444\" height=\"302\" /> Figure 4 – Recycled carpet (source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits </strong></h2>\n<p>The selection of building material and furnishings have a significant impact on indoor environmental quality. Benefits of choosing low-emitting materials include: <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved indoor air quality.</li>\n<li>Improved worker safety and health.</li>\n<li>Reduced incidents of an eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, fatigue.</li>\n<li>Healthier environment for building occupants who are sensitive to specific products.</li>\n<li>Reduced pollution of groundwater and water supplies.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Many low-emitting materials are cost-competitive with conventional materials. Low/no-VOC paints typically cost about the same as conventional paints.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many wood product manufacturers are replacing formaldehyde-based bonding resins with non-toxic substitutes. Cost impacts for such non-formaldehyde wood products can vary.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>The use of non-toxic materials in building assemblies and furnishings can help to reduce the release of toxic chemicals when debris from buildings finds its way into the environment following storm surges, flooding, and high winds caused by natural disasters and severe storm events. For example, Superstorm Sandy generated over 8 million cubic yards of debris across the nine hardest-hit counties in New Jersey in only one day.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a> Damaged and contaminated materials may include waterlogged drywall, plaster, insulation, flooring, carpets, mattresses, and upholstered furniture, that when put it into unlined landfills, can contaminate groundwater.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> LEED BD+C: New Construction | v4 – LEED v4. Low-emitting materials</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0\">https://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction-core-and-shell-retail-new-construction-data-centers-new-construction-hosp-0</a>  (accessed April 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality\">https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality</a>  (accessed April 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Healthy Building Network. Formaldehyde Found in Building Materials.  <a href=\"https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf\">https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/formaldehyde-found-in-building-materials.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> LEED v4. EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels. <a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/Low%20Emitting%20Third%20Party%20Certifications%20and%20Labels%20June%202017.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> GreenGuard. Your Guide to Low-And Zero-VOC Paints. <a href=\"http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf\">http://greenguard.org/files/LivingGreenPaintGuide.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> WBDG. Evaluating and Selecting Green Products. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Cost Helper. How Much Does Painting an Interior Cost? <a href=\"http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html\">http://home.costhelper.com/painting-interior.html</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, Chapter 6: Materials. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/12/f5/sustainable_guide_ch6.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-safe-non-toxic-materials/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> NJ DEP. (2015). Disaster Debris Management Planning Tool Kit for New Jersey Municipalities.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf\">http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/toolkit.pdf</a> (accessed April 27, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials-2/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/health/iep/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health and Senior Services – Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index.html\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Green Indoor Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/evaluating-and-selecting-green-products\">Whole Building Design Guide: Evaluating and Selecting Green Products</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Green Product Certifications and Standards:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/index.cfm\">Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.c2ccertified.org\">Cradle to Cradle</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.greenguard.org/\">The GREENGUARD Environmental Institute</a> is an industry-independent, not-for-profit organization that oversees the GREENGUARD Certification programs.</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenseal.org/splash/\">Green Seal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org\">International Living Future Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/education/sessions/breath-fresh-air-low-emitting-materials-leed-v41-12849990\">LEED: Low-Emitting Materials Third Party Certifications and Labels</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabel/scs-indoor-advantage\">Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://mts.sustainableproducts.com/SMaRT_product_standard.html\">SMaRt Consensus Sustainable Product Standards</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Non-toxic Materials','','inherit','closed','closed','','1589-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 18:58:48','2022-06-23 18:58:48','',1589,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2629',0,'revision','',0),