(2013,3,'2022-04-19 15:44:18','2022-04-19 15:44:18','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Rain Barrels and Cisterns\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Rain Barrels?</strong></h2>\n<p>Rain barrels collect, store, and distribute water for later use, providing a cost-effective and environmentally beneficial way to conserve water and minimize problems associated with stormwater runoff. Use rainwater collected in barrels from catchment areas such as rooftops for irrigation, flushing toilets and other non-potable uses (see<span> </span><em>On-site Alternative Water Reuse</em>). Treat or filter the water depending on the intended use.</p>\n<p>Standard components of a rain harvesting system include<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Catchment area such as a roof</li>\n<li>Gutters and downspouts</li>\n<li>Leaf screens</li>\n<li>Rain barrel for storage</li>\n<li>Conveyance system to deliver stored water via gravity or pump</li>\n<li>Water treatment or filter system</li>\n</ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_170\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"636\"]<img class=\"wp-image-170 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Rain-Barrells-and-Cisterns-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1-Simple schematic design for rain barrels (Source: Low Impact Development Center)\" width=\"636\" height=\"598\" /> Figure 1-Simple schematic design for rain barrels (Source: Low Impact Development Center)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Rain Barrels</strong></h2>\n<p>Set aside sufficient space, either interior, above ground or underground, for the appropriately sized barrel. Residential rain barrels can range in size but typically hold 55-gallons. To calculate the volume of water available for capture, assume that every 1,000 square feet of catchment area generates 600 gallons of runoff during a one-inch rainfall event.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><img class=\"wp-image-578 aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Rain-Barrels-and-Cisterns-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"NC-Rain-Barrels-and-Cisterns-Fig-2\" width=\"994\" height=\"200\" /></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Consider combining rain barrels with a drip irrigation system to direct overflow to a dry well, rain garden or bio-retention area.</p>\n<p>Rain barrels require maintenance. Use water within two weeks to prevent algae growth and clean barrels every few months. A screen with a cover prevents algae growth and mosquito breeding. Drain, disconnect and store rain barrels during the winter months.</p>\n<p>For more detailed information about the design and construction of rain barrels see the Rutgers Water Resources Program’s – <a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Green_Infrastructure_Guidance_Manual/2015-03-31_Manual.compressed.pdf\">Green Infrastructure Manual for New Jersey</a>.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://ocean.njaes.rutgers.edu/ag/documents/sls_lakehurst.pdf\">Residential Rain Barrel, Lakehurst, NJ</a></p>\n<p>Part of the Rutgers Sustainable Landscape Demonstration Site Program, the Lakehurst residential renovation project included a 35-gallon rain-barrel or repurposed trash can to collect and redirect water to an adjacent ornamental flower bed, eliminating the need for on-site irrigation and municipal water use.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces demand for potable water for irrigation and other non-potable uses (see <em>Water-Efficient Landscape Design</em>).</li>\n<li>Lowers peak demand and peak discharge rate on public water systems.</li>\n<li>Reduces overall potable water use and saves money on water bills.</li>\n<li>Reduces stormwater runoff via storage (see <em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).</li>\n<li>Reduces runoff of contaminants into soils and waterways.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Costs vary depending on the size and type of rain barrel selected. Small-scale systems cost around $60 for a 55-gallon barrel.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Some watershed associations or municipalities offer rain barrels at a discount or provide rebates.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Water stored in rain barrel can provide an alternative water source for non-potable uses during storms, hurricanes and droughts or when municipal water sources are shut down or become polluted. Filter and purify before using the water to irrigate edible gardens, wash dishes, or provide water for drinking and showering. Rain barrels also help mitigate flooding by capturing water that would end up in the municipal water system.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> US DOE | EERE. “Best Management Practices:  Alternate Water Sources.”  https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/best-management-practice-14-alternative-water-sources (accessed April 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Rutgers Water Resources Program. Green Infrastructure Manual for NJ. <a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Green_Infrastructure_Guidance_Manual/2015-03-31_Manual.compressed.pdf\">http://water.rutgers.edu/Green_Infrastructure_Guidance_Manual/2015-03-31_Manual.compressed.pdf</a> (accessed April 3, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Massachusetts Metropolitan Area Planning Council.  “Low Impact Development Toolkit – Fact Sheet: Cisterns and Rain Barrels.” <a href=\"http://www.mapc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/LID_toolkit_factsheets_7-9.pdf\">http://www.mapc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/LID_toolkit_factsheets_7-9.pdf</a> (accessed March 25, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/\">Stormwater Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/gi/\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://cfpub.epa.gov/npstbx/files/KSMO_buildarainbarrel.pdf\">Build Your Own Rain Barrel Brochure</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Rutgers Cooperative Extension\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/\">Water Resources Group</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://green%20infrastructure%20manual%20for%20new%20jersey/\">Rutgers Water Resources Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=E329\">Rain Barrels Part I: How to Build a Rain Barrel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS1118\">Rain Barrels Part II: Installation and Use</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS1127\">Rain Barrels Part III: Building a Rain Barrel from a Plastic Trash Can</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/27379/PDF/1/play/\">Fact Sheet, Where to Get Your Drinking Water Tested in New Jersey: A List of State Certified Water Testing Laboratories by County</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/environment/rain-barrel-trainer-program.php\">Rutgers Rain Barrel Train the Trainer Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://sustainablesites.org/\">The Sustainable Sites Initiative</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Rain Barrels and Cisterns','','inherit','closed','closed','','1976-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 15:44:18','2022-04-19 15:44:18','',1976,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2013',0,'revision','',0),(2014,2,'2022-04-19 15:44:19','2022-04-19 15:44:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning? </strong></h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_517\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"716\"]<img class=\"wp-image-517 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Storm-Preparation-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).\" width=\"716\" height=\"382\" /> Fig 1 – New Jersey’s tropical storm activity is typically between August and late October. (Source: ready.nj.gov).[/caption]<p>Severe weather and natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, winter storms, pandemic influenza, thunderstorms and lighting, tornadoes, and wildfires and associated power outages, flooding, evacuations, and property damage create emergency situations that impact New Jersey businesses on a regular basis. Storm preparation and emergency planning includes steps that residents and businesses can take to avoid or mitigate impacts and increase safety and comfort before, during and after adverse events. Proper preparation and planning also refers to resilient design and green building practices that increase a structure’s ability to withstand or recover from severe weather and adverse conditions and protect building occupants. For example, at the building owner level, the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) recommends securing property to protect against hurricane damage by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installing permanent storm shutters for windows or boarding up windows with 5/8” plywood, cut to fit and ready to install.</li>\n<li>Adding straps or clips to securely fasten roof to the frame structure and reduce roof damage.</li>\n<li>Clearing loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.</li>\n<li>Bringing in outdoor objects such as furniture, equipment and tools or anchoring them if they cannot be brought indoors.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>At the design and building level, the <a href=\"https://disastersafety.org/\">FORTIFIED Building Standards by the Institute of Business and Home Safety (IBHS)</a> recommend roofing and fenestration best practices to protect buildings in hurricane prone areas and areas susceptible to hail and high winds. Together, these precautions provide redundancy and increase the likelihood of avoiding major damages and injuries.</p>\n<p>For more information on hurricane preparedness, see the <a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov/\">New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM)</a> and the <a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/plan-prepare/pdf/NJ_Hurricane_Survival_Guide_2018.pdf\">NJ Hurricane Survival Guide.</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to implement Storm Preparation and Emergency Preparedness</strong></h2>\n<p>A number of local, state and national organizations provide resources and information on storm preparation and emergency preparedness (see <strong>Resources</strong> below). The NJOEM’s “Be Ready: Follow the “Three Steps to Safety” outlines basic preparations for the most common disaster scenarios in New Jersey.</p>\n<p><u>Step One: “Get a Kit”</u> – Assemble emergency supplies including food, water, basic first aid supplies, alternative communication and other emergency equipment such as flashlights and duct tape. See <a href=\"https://www.ready.gov/build-a-kit\">Ready.gov “Build a Kit.”</a></p>\n<p><u>Step Two: “Make a Plan”</u> – Know your area’s evacuation routes and shelter locations. Keep a list of emergency contacts and local emergency numbers. Visit the <a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org/\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a> web page for more information.</p>\n<p><u>Step Three: “Stay Informed”</u> – Part of preparation is knowing exactly what kind of disasters you might face and knowing what to do in each situation. Keep track of Current Weather Forecasts and Alerts with:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local radio or TV stations</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/\">NOAA Weather Radio</a>– or <a href=\"http://www.weatherusa.net/radio\">listen online</a></li>\n<li>NJOEM’s<a href=\"http://ready.nj.gov/weather/index.html\">Weather Links</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Using resilient building practices and developing emergency preparedness plans and supply kits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces fear, anxiety, and losses.</li>\n<li>Avoids or mitigates impacts and costs.</li>\n<li>Speeds recovery efforts and reduces further damage and losses.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs </strong></h2>\n<p>Storm preparation and emergency planning can reduce severe weather and disaster-related costs by reducing the physical and financial toll from such events. For example, identify vulnerabilities that offer the greatest potential to reduce avoidable suffering.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Having a plan in place and supplies on hand for common emergencies and disasters helps to avoid or mitigate potential impacts and to support recovery efforts. Prepared individuals and businesses can react quickly and safely to situations, reduce stress on local emergency responders and resources, and support local community outreach.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-solar-islanding-and-microgrid-ready-solar-pv/\">Solar Islanding and Microgrid-Ready Solar PV</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.readyrating.org\">American Red Cross Ready Rating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ready.gov\">Be Ready Campaign</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/prepareyourhealth/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcpr%2Fareyouprepared%2Findex.htm\">Center for Disease Control and Prevention – Center for Preparedness and Response</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.fema.gov\">Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ibhs.org\">Institute for Business and Home Safety</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/ibhs-business-protection/ofb-ez-business-continuity/\">Open for Business (OFB-EZ)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://ibhs.org/guidance/emergency-preparedness/\">Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning (EZ-Prep)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://disastersafety.org/fortified/commercial/\">FORTIFIED Commercial Building Standards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ready.nj.gov\">State of New Jersey Office of Emergency Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/RELi_Dec_2018-FINAL.pdf\">RELi 2.0 Rating Guidelines for Resilient Design + Construction – HP: Hazard Preparedness</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning','','inherit','closed','closed','','2007-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 15:44:19','2022-04-19 15:44:19','',2007,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2014',0,'revision','',0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (2017,2,'2022-04-19 15:45:03','2022-04-19 15:45:03','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Existing Commercial Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the greening of existing commercial buildings, which continue to represent untapped potential in common green building areas such as energy efficiency, environmental performance, indoor air quality, and occupant comfort.</p>\n<p>The Manual organizes existing commercial building upgrade strategies by focus areas such as “energy &amp; resilience” or “environment &amp; health.” Each strategy includes a short explanation or definition, implementation recommendations, New Jersey specific examples (when available), and sections on strategy benefits, costs, resiliency (if applicable), and additional resources.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Planning & Site Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-costs-analysis-lcca/\">Life-Cycle-Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-re-commissioning/\">Re-Commissioning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-composting/\">Composting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-site-and-stormwater-management/\">Site and Stormwater Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Energy & Resilience\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf5ba;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Envelope\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf17a;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-exterior-walls/\">Exterior Wall Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacement and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Lighting\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0eb;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/\">Light Pollution Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"HVAC\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/\">Chilled Beams</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-control-ventilation/\">Demand Control Ventilation (DCV)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-variable-frequency-drives/\">Variable Frequency Drives (VFD)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy Supply\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-green-power/\">Green Power</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy and Geothermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Back-up Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf242;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Environment & Health\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf21e;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Waste & Materials\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Air Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Occupant Health and Productivity\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf406;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Building Performance\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf201;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf274;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Evaluation\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"4\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Existing Commercial','','inherit','closed','closed','','1013-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 15:45:03','2022-04-19 15:45:03','',1013,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2017',0,'revision','',0),(2018,2,'2022-04-22 16:56:03','2022-04-22 16:56:03','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"On-site Alternative Water Reuse\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is On-site Alternative Water Reuse?<br /></strong></h2>\n<p>On-site alternative water reuse intentionally captures, treats, and utilizes stormwater, graywater, and wastewater for reuse at the building site. Stormwater includes precipitation such as rainfall and snowmelt. Graywater (also spelled gray water, greywater and grey water) refers to untreated water from bathroom sinks, laundry, and bathing and does not include water contaminated with toilet waste, food and grease content from kitchen sinks, or dishwasher soap residue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Graywater is of lesser quality than potable (drinking) water but of higher quality than blackwater, which in New Jersey refers to wastewater from water closets, toilets, and urinals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Potential sources of onsite alternative water include rainwater, treated graywater and blackwater, condensate from air conditioners, reject water from water treatment systems, and cooling equipment blowdown.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Figure 1 shows examples of end-uses for onsite alternative water reuse such as irrigation, cooling tower make-up water, and toilet and urinal flushing.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_291\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"840\"]<img class=\"wp-image-291 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-On-Site-Alternative-Water-Reuse-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Examples of On-site Alternative Water Reuse. (Source: US EPA WaterSense at Work)\" width=\"840\" height=\"644\" /> Figure 1 – Examples of On-site Alternative Water Reuse. (Source: US EPA WaterSense at Work)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement On-site Alternative Water Reuse </strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing on-site alternative water reuse starts with water conservation and includes identifying and evaluating opportunities to substitute or supplement potable water use with on-site alternative water sources based on the water quality and treatment requirements of the intended end-uses, and the feasibility of capturing and delivering alternative water sources to those end-uses (see <em>Indoor Water Conservation</em>).</p>\n<p>Harvest and filter rainwater from rooftops to supplement or replace landscape irrigation and toilet and urinal flushing (see <em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage and Site and Stormwater Management</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Rainwater that flows over parking lots and impervious hardscapes and filtered by rain gardens or captured by retention ponds also provides an alternative water source for landscape irrigation.</p>\n<p>Capture graywater from fixtures and appliances by designating separate drain lines, storage units, and pumps to deliver graywater to desired locations. Graywater used for subsurface irrigation of trees, shrubs, and flower gardens requires filtering to remove suspended solids. Indoor uses for graywater such as toilet and urinal flushing, or above-ground irrigation for turf grass or edible gardens often require additional treatment through natural, mechanical or chemical applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> Treatment systems include engineered systems, tailored to specific projects, and packaged systems designed to fit a wide range of project applications.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Reuse wastewater from building applications and processes for use in another onsite applications. For example, use condensate from air conditioners for cooling tower make-up water or subsurface irrigation. Use water rejected from water treatment systems for a range of end-uses that do not require potable water such as toilet and urinal flushing, cooling tower make-up water, above-ground irrigation, and decorative water features.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>Blackwater treatment systems require a higher level of treatment to bring recycled water to acceptable standards for reuse. Constructed wetlands use a combination of plants, snails, clams, algae, and fish to filter and break down compounds in blackwater. Commercial treatment systems may include sedimentation, membrane filtration or UV sterilization. Composting toilets provide another way to reduce potable water use and reduce the need for wastewater treatment.</p>\n<p>Hire certified professionals familiar with the design, construction, and maintenance of onsite alternative water reuse systems. Review local ordinances, permitting requirements, and plumbing codes.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.iapmo.org/westand/Pages/GreenPlumbingandMechanicalCodeSupplement.aspx\">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Green Plumbing &amp; Mechanical Code Supplement</a> provides guidance on implementing onsite alternative water reuse for non-potable end-uses.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http://www.nsf.org/services/by-industry/water-wastewater/onsite-wastewater/onsite-reuse-water-treatment-systems\">NSF International/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI) 350, <em>Onsite Residential and Commercial Reuse Treatment Systems</em></a> establishes design, construction and performance requirements for onsite alternative reuse systems.</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://rcgb1.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/JAWRA2007.pdf\">The Solaire, New York City</a></p>\n<p>The Solaire, a LEED Gold certified residential high-rise building in Battery Park completed in 2003 offers examples of onsite alternative water reuse and wastewater treatment technologies applicable to new commercial buildings. Indoor water conservation measures include low-flow fixtures, toilets, and appliances that reduce potable water use by 43%. The building’s onsite wastewater treatment plant utilizes digestion, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection to processes 30,000 gallons of blackwater each day and reuses it as cooling water for two on-site cooling towers and to flush toilets in both the Solaire and an adjacent building, the Verdesian. The Solaire’s vegetated roof helps manage stormwater and diverts excess stormwater runoff to a 10,000-gallon basement water storage tank that stores the water for later use by the vegetated roofs drip irrigation system.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On-0site alternative water reuse reduces potable water use and the reliance on surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water purchased from a third-party.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Harvesting rainwater can reduce stormwater runoff, flooding, and pollution. Graywater and blackwater reuse reduces the strain on municipal water and wastewater treatment plants. Compared to potable water, recycled water used for irrigation often contains higher levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen, that lessens the need for synthetic fertilizers. Onsite alternative water reuse reduces the energy required to transport water or pump water from deep underground sources. Using recycled water for applications that do not require water treated to potable or drinkable water quality standards saves energy and money by reducing treatment requirements.</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The rising cost over the last decade of water and wastewater services can make minor investments in water conservation strategies and onsite alternative water use technologies cost-effective based on the savings alone from reduced water bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a> Factoring in savings from reduced energy bills further reduces payback periods. As on-site alternative water technologies evolve, and costs decline, and water shortages and water quality issues become more common, the resiliency benefits of a local and reliable water resource on reduced business closures, health and safety hazards, and inconvenience from schedule disruptions, can offset the incremental costs. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Using on-site alternative water resources enhances resiliency by utilizing safe, reliable, redundant and locally controlled water supplies, by reducing impacts from droughts and other instances of water scarcity, and by protecting sensitive, natural water bodies. Reducing potable water use reduces the reliance and stress on the entire municipal water infrastructure including groundwater pumping, and water and wastewater treatment and distribution, reducing the likelihood of system overload and failure (see <em>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Many water pumps run on electricity, and without a source of backup power, fail to operate during power outages highlighting the importance of on-site alternative water sources and treatment options that cover all or part of onsite water use and wastewater treatment needs (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>). Compostable toilets also increase resiliency by continuing to operate during water shortages and by preventing sewage backups.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction. <a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a> (accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> NJ DEP. Division of Water Quality. <em>Standards for Individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems.</em> <a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf\">www.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/pdf/njac79a.pdf</a> (accessed October 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Alliance for Water Efficiency. 2018. Graywater Introduction. <a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx\">http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/graywater-introduction.aspx</a> (accessed Nov 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> US EPA. 2012. WaterSense at Work: Best Management Practices for Commercial and Institutional Facilities. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/watersense-at-work_final_508c3.pdf</a> (accessed Nov 14, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> DOE. “Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses.” <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170513121841/https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf\">https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B2-Master-File-with-edits_120114.pdf</a> (accessed May 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Joseph Bourg. 2016. Water Conservation. Whole Building Design Guide – A Program of the National Institute of Building Science. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation</a> (accessed Oct 26, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-site-and-stormwater-management/\">Site and Stormwater Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/default.aspx\">Alliance for Water Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://new.usgbc.org/center-for-resilience\">The Center for Resilience</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/\">New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Division of Water Quality</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.resilientdesign.org\">Resilient Design Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/\">Rutgers University NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://watereuse.org\">WaterReuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/water-conservation\">Whole Building Design Guide – Water Conservation</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US EPA</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial-buildings\">WaterSense for Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/water-conservation-epa\">Water Conservation at EPA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling/#benefits\">Water Recycling</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC On-site Alternative Water Reuse','','publish','closed','closed','','ec-on-site-alternative-water-reuse','','','2022-06-23 17:43:25','2022-06-23 17:43:25','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2018',0,'post','',0),(2019,3,'2022-04-19 15:51:10','2022-04-19 15:51:10','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Rain Gardens\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Rain Gardens?</strong></h2>\n<p>Rain gardens, also referred to as vegetated swales and bioswales, consist of sloped depressions in the landscape planted densely with native plants that can soak up and filter stormwater runoff from rooftops, streets, or driveways (see<span> </span><em>Native and Adapted Plants</em>). Rain garden vegetation absorbs and filters stormwater before it enters storm drains.</p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_127\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1062\"]<img class=\"wp-image-127 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Rain-Gardens-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – A sample rain garden design and plant list (Source: The Native Plant Society of New Jersey).\" width=\"1062\" height=\"954\" /> Figure 1 – A sample rain garden design and plant list (Source: The Native Plant Society of New Jersey).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement a Rain Garden</strong></h2>\n<p>Place rain gardens to capture runoff from a site effectively. Observe the site during the next rain and note where runoff problems exist. Consider the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does it come from a roof or downspout?</li>\n<li>Is there runoff from the driveway?</li>\n<li>Does the runoff gravitate towards one place more than another?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Work with landscape architects to incorporate a rain garden early in the design process. As a general rule of thumb, place the rain gardens at least 10 feet from building foundations if the structure has a basement; for residences without basements, place rain gardens at least 2 feet from the home.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>For step-by-step guidance on installing a rain garden, see The Rutgers Water Resources Program and the Native Plant Society of New Jersey’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html\">Rain Garden Manual of New Jersey</a>.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><u>New Jersey Demonstration Rain Gardens</u></p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/demoraingardens.html\">Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station’s Water Resources Program</a><span> </span>has installed over 125 demonstration rain gardens in New Jersey.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On average, New Jersey receives 44 inches of rain per year, which flows untreated into storm drains and local water bodies resulting in pollution and poor water quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rain gardens provide a low-cost, low-tech method for reducing the amount of runoff that enters streams and rivers.</p>\n<p><em>Reduced stormwater runoff and increased groundwater recharge –<span> </span></em>As stormwater runoff flows into rain gardens, much of it is absorbed back into the soil, increasing groundwater recharge and reducing runoff into storm drains and waterways (see<span> </span><em>Pervious Paving Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><em>Filtering and cleaning water before it enters storm drains –<span> </span></em>Plants in rain gardens filter stormwater, improving water quality and allowing sediment to settle out instead of clogging storm drains.</p>\n<p><em>Habitat Creation and Increased Amount of Native Vegetation –<span> </span></em>Rain gardens designed with native plants increase biodiversity and provide habitat for birds, butterflies, and other wildlife and provide opportunities for views and connection with nature (see<span> </span><em>Biophilic Design, Wildlife Habitat, and Sense of Place</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost for a residential-size rain garden ranges from $3-5 per square foot, depending on existing soil conditions, selection of plants, and whether or not a homeowner chooses to hire professional labor or to complete the project on their own.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>See the<span> </span><a href=\"http://nemo.uconn.edu/raingardens/calculator.htm\">Rain Garden Cost Calculator</a><span> </span>to estimate costs based on the size and selection of plants for a typical residential rain garden in the Northeast.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green infrastructure such as rain gardens integrates resilient and green design to complement and reduce reliance on traditional grey infrastructure. For example, rain gardens help to increase stormwater infiltration, reducing stress on municipal sewer systems during heavy rain events and help to recharge groundwater during periods of drought. Rain gardens support ecological resilience by increasing the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area, which in turn, enhances the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>The Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program and the Native Plant Society of New Jersey’s Rain Garden Manual of New Jersey<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html\">http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rutgers NJAES. “Rain Gardens Fact Sheet: Rain Gardens.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/fs513.pdf\">http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/fs513.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Sustainble Jersey. 2017. Rain Gardens Action.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/\">http://www.sustainablejersey.com</a><span> </span>(accessed April 2, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220226163801/https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://lowimpactdevelopment.org/rain-garden-templates-for-maryland/\">Low Impact Development Center – Rain Garden Template</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.npsnj.org/pages/nativeplants_Plant_Lists.html\">Native Plant Society of New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CEAM\">Native Plant Database</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/\">Stormwater Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/gi/\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://nemo.uconn.edu/raingardens/index.htm\">Rain Gardens – A Design Guide by the University of Connecticut</a></li>\n<li>Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/GreenInfrastructureGuidanceManual.html\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/raingardens.html\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://sustainablesites.org/\">The Sustainable Sites Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/\">Sustainable Jersey</a></li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sustainability/giwiz\">Green Infrastructure Wizard</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Rain Gardens','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-rain-gardens','','','2022-06-23 19:05:22','2022-06-23 19:05:22','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2019',0,'post','',0),(2021,3,'2022-04-19 15:51:10','2022-04-19 15:51:10','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Rain Gardens\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Rain Gardens?</strong></h2>\n<p>Rain gardens, also referred to as vegetated swales and bioswales, consist of sloped depressions in the landscape planted densely with native plants that can soak up and filter stormwater runoff from rooftops, streets, or driveways (see<span> </span><em>Native and Adapted Plants</em>). Rain garden vegetation absorbs and filters stormwater before it enters storm drains.</p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_127\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1062\"]<img class=\"wp-image-127 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Rain-Gardens-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – A sample rain garden design and plant list (Source: The Native Plant Society of New Jersey).\" width=\"1062\" height=\"954\" /> Figure 1 – A sample rain garden design and plant list (Source: The Native Plant Society of New Jersey).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement a Rain Garden</strong></h2>\n<p>Place rain gardens to capture runoff from a site effectively. Observe the site during the next rain and note where runoff problems exist. Consider the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does it come from a roof or downspout?</li>\n<li>Is there runoff from the driveway?</li>\n<li>Does the runoff gravitate towards one place more than another?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Work with landscape architects to incorporate a rain garden early in the design process. As a general rule of thumb, place the rain gardens at least 10 feet from building foundations if the structure has a basement; for residences without basements, place rain gardens at least 2 feet from the home.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>For step-by-step guidance on installing a rain garden, see The Rutgers Water Resources Program and the Native Plant Society of New Jersey’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html\">Rain Garden Manual of New Jersey</a>.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><u>New Jersey Demonstration Rain Gardens</u></p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/demoraingardens.html\">Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station’s Water Resources Program</a><span> </span>has installed over 125 demonstration rain gardens in New Jersey.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On average, New Jersey receives 44 inches of rain per year, which flows untreated into storm drains and local water bodies resulting in pollution and poor water quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rain gardens provide a low-cost, low-tech method for reducing the amount of runoff that enters streams and rivers.</p>\n<p><em>Reduced stormwater runoff and increased groundwater recharge –<span> </span></em>As stormwater runoff flows into rain gardens, much of it is absorbed back into the soil, increasing groundwater recharge and reducing runoff into storm drains and waterways (see<span> </span><em>Pervious Paving Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><em>Filtering and cleaning water before it enters storm drains –<span> </span></em>Plants in rain gardens filter stormwater, improving water quality and allowing sediment to settle out instead of clogging storm drains.</p>\n<p><em>Habitat Creation and Increased Amount of Native Vegetation –<span> </span></em>Rain gardens designed with native plants increase biodiversity and provide habitat for birds, butterflies, and other wildlife and provide opportunities for views and connection with nature (see<span> </span><em>Biophilic Design, Wildlife Habitat, and Sense of Place</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost for a residential-size rain garden ranges from $3-5 per square foot, depending on existing soil conditions, selection of plants, and whether or not a homeowner chooses to hire professional labor or to complete the project on their own.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>See the<span> </span><a href=\"http://nemo.uconn.edu/raingardens/calculator.htm\">Rain Garden Cost Calculator</a><span> </span>to estimate costs based on the size and selection of plants for a typical residential rain garden in the Northeast.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green infrastructure such as rain gardens integrates resilient and green design to complement and reduce reliance on traditional grey infrastructure. For example, rain gardens help to increase stormwater infiltration, reducing stress on municipal sewer systems during heavy rain events and help to recharge groundwater during periods of drought. Rain gardens support ecological resilience by increasing the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area, which in turn, enhances the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>The Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program and the Native Plant Society of New Jersey’s Rain Garden Manual of New Jersey<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html\">http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rutgers NJAES. “Rain Gardens Fact Sheet: Rain Gardens.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/fs513.pdf\">http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/fs513.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Sustainble Jersey. 2017. Rain Gardens Action.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/\">http://www.sustainablejersey.com</a><span> </span>(accessed April 2, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://lowimpactdevelopment.org/rain-garden-templates-for-maryland/\">Low Impact Development Center – Rain Garden Template</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.npsnj.org/pages/nativeplants_Plant_Lists.html\">Native Plant Society of New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CEAM\">Native Plant Database</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/\">Stormwater Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/gi/\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://nemo.uconn.edu/raingardens/index.htm\">Rain Gardens – A Design Guide by the University of Connecticut</a></li>\n<li>Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/GreenInfrastructureGuidanceManual.html\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/raingardens.html\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://sustainablesites.org/\">The Sustainable Sites Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/\">Sustainable Jersey</a></li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sustainability/giwiz\">Green Infrastructure Wizard</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Rain Gardens','','inherit','closed','closed','','2019-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 15:51:10','2022-04-19 15:51:10','',2019,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2021',0,'revision','',0),(2022,3,'2022-04-19 15:51:10','2022-04-19 15:51:10','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Rain Gardens\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Rain Gardens?</strong></h2>\n<p>Rain gardens, also referred to as vegetated swales and bioswales, consist of sloped depressions in the landscape planted densely with native plants that can soak up and filter stormwater runoff from rooftops, streets, or driveways (see<span> </span><em>Native and Adapted Plants</em>). Rain garden vegetation absorbs and filters stormwater before it enters storm drains.</p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_127\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1062\"]<img class=\"wp-image-127 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Rain-Gardens-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – A sample rain garden design and plant list (Source: The Native Plant Society of New Jersey).\" width=\"1062\" height=\"954\" /> Figure 1 – A sample rain garden design and plant list (Source: The Native Plant Society of New Jersey).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement a Rain Garden</strong></h2>\n<p>Place rain gardens to capture runoff from a site effectively. Observe the site during the next rain and note where runoff problems exist. Consider the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does it come from a roof or downspout?</li>\n<li>Is there runoff from the driveway?</li>\n<li>Does the runoff gravitate towards one place more than another?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Work with landscape architects to incorporate a rain garden early in the design process. As a general rule of thumb, place the rain gardens at least 10 feet from building foundations if the structure has a basement; for residences without basements, place rain gardens at least 2 feet from the home.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>For step-by-step guidance on installing a rain garden, see The Rutgers Water Resources Program and the Native Plant Society of New Jersey’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html\">Rain Garden Manual of New Jersey</a>.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><u>New Jersey Demonstration Rain Gardens</u></p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/demoraingardens.html\">Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station’s Water Resources Program</a><span> </span>has installed over 125 demonstration rain gardens in New Jersey.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On average, New Jersey receives 44 inches of rain per year, which flows untreated into storm drains and local water bodies resulting in pollution and poor water quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rain gardens provide a low-cost, low-tech method for reducing the amount of runoff that enters streams and rivers.</p>\n<p><em>Reduced stormwater runoff and increased groundwater recharge –<span> </span></em>As stormwater runoff flows into rain gardens, much of it is absorbed back into the soil, increasing groundwater recharge and reducing runoff into storm drains and waterways (see<span> </span><em>Pervious Paving Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><em>Filtering and cleaning water before it enters storm drains –<span> </span></em>Plants in rain gardens filter stormwater, improving water quality and allowing sediment to settle out instead of clogging storm drains.</p>\n<p><em>Habitat Creation and Increased Amount of Native Vegetation –<span> </span></em>Rain gardens designed with native plants increase biodiversity and provide habitat for birds, butterflies, and other wildlife and provide opportunities for views and connection with nature (see<span> </span><em>Biophilic Design, Wildlife Habitat, and Sense of Place</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost for a residential-size rain garden ranges from $3-5 per square foot, depending on existing soil conditions, selection of plants, and whether or not a homeowner chooses to hire professional labor or to complete the project on their own.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>See the<span> </span><a href=\"http://nemo.uconn.edu/raingardens/calculator.htm\">Rain Garden Cost Calculator</a><span> </span>to estimate costs based on the size and selection of plants for a typical residential rain garden in the Northeast.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green infrastructure such as rain gardens integrates resilient and green design to complement and reduce reliance on traditional grey infrastructure. For example, rain gardens help to increase stormwater infiltration, reducing stress on municipal sewer systems during heavy rain events and help to recharge groundwater during periods of drought. Rain gardens support ecological resilience by increasing the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area, which in turn, enhances the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>The Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program and the Native Plant Society of New Jersey’s Rain Garden Manual of New Jersey<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html\">http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rutgers NJAES. “Rain Gardens Fact Sheet: Rain Gardens.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/fs513.pdf\">http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/fs513.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Sustainble Jersey. 2017. Rain Gardens Action.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/\">http://www.sustainablejersey.com</a><span> </span>(accessed April 2, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://lowimpactdevelopment.org/rain-garden-templates-for-maryland/\">Low Impact Development Center – Rain Garden Template</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.npsnj.org/pages/nativeplants_Plant_Lists.html\">Native Plant Society of New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CEAM\">Native Plant Database</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/\">Stormwater Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/gi/\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://nemo.uconn.edu/raingardens/index.htm\">Rain Gardens – A Design Guide by the University of Connecticut</a></li>\n<li>Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/GreenInfrastructureGuidanceManual.html\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/raingardens.html\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://sustainablesites.org/\">The Sustainable Sites Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/\">Sustainable Jersey</a></li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sustainability/giwiz\">Green Infrastructure Wizard</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Rain Barrels and Cisterns','','inherit','closed','closed','','2019-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 15:51:10','2022-04-19 15:51:10','',2019,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2022',0,'revision','',0),(2024,3,'2022-04-19 15:51:13','2022-04-19 15:51:13','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Rain Gardens\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Rain Gardens?</strong></h2>\n<p>Rain gardens, also referred to as vegetated swales and bioswales, consist of sloped depressions in the landscape planted densely with native plants that can soak up and filter stormwater runoff from rooftops, streets, or driveways (see<span> </span><em>Native and Adapted Plants</em>). Rain garden vegetation absorbs and filters stormwater before it enters storm drains.</p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_127\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1062\"]<img class=\"wp-image-127 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Rain-Gardens-Fig-1-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – A sample rain garden design and plant list (Source: The Native Plant Society of New Jersey).\" width=\"1062\" height=\"954\" /> Figure 1 – A sample rain garden design and plant list (Source: The Native Plant Society of New Jersey).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Implement a Rain Garden</strong></h2>\n<p>Place rain gardens to capture runoff from a site effectively. Observe the site during the next rain and note where runoff problems exist. Consider the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does it come from a roof or downspout?</li>\n<li>Is there runoff from the driveway?</li>\n<li>Does the runoff gravitate towards one place more than another?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Work with landscape architects to incorporate a rain garden early in the design process. As a general rule of thumb, place the rain gardens at least 10 feet from building foundations if the structure has a basement; for residences without basements, place rain gardens at least 2 feet from the home.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>For step-by-step guidance on installing a rain garden, see The Rutgers Water Resources Program and the Native Plant Society of New Jersey’s<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html\">Rain Garden Manual of New Jersey</a>.</p>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><u>New Jersey Demonstration Rain Gardens</u></p>\n<p>The<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/demoraingardens.html\">Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station’s Water Resources Program</a><span> </span>has installed over 125 demonstration rain gardens in New Jersey.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>On average, New Jersey receives 44 inches of rain per year, which flows untreated into storm drains and local water bodies resulting in pollution and poor water quality.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rain gardens provide a low-cost, low-tech method for reducing the amount of runoff that enters streams and rivers.</p>\n<p><em>Reduced stormwater runoff and increased groundwater recharge –<span> </span></em>As stormwater runoff flows into rain gardens, much of it is absorbed back into the soil, increasing groundwater recharge and reducing runoff into storm drains and waterways (see<span> </span><em>Pervious Paving Materials</em>).</p>\n<p><em>Filtering and cleaning water before it enters storm drains –<span> </span></em>Plants in rain gardens filter stormwater, improving water quality and allowing sediment to settle out instead of clogging storm drains.</p>\n<p><em>Habitat Creation and Increased Amount of Native Vegetation –<span> </span></em>Rain gardens designed with native plants increase biodiversity and provide habitat for birds, butterflies, and other wildlife and provide opportunities for views and connection with nature (see<span> </span><em>Biophilic Design, Wildlife Habitat, and Sense of Place</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost for a residential-size rain garden ranges from $3-5 per square foot, depending on existing soil conditions, selection of plants, and whether or not a homeowner chooses to hire professional labor or to complete the project on their own.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>See the<span> </span><a href=\"http://nemo.uconn.edu/raingardens/calculator.htm\">Rain Garden Cost Calculator</a><span> </span>to estimate costs based on the size and selection of plants for a typical residential rain garden in the Northeast.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Green infrastructure such as rain gardens integrates resilient and green design to complement and reduce reliance on traditional grey infrastructure. For example, rain gardens help to increase stormwater infiltration, reducing stress on municipal sewer systems during heavy rain events and help to recharge groundwater during periods of drought. Rain gardens support ecological resilience by increasing the biological diversity of native plants and animals in a given area, which in turn, enhances the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>The Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program and the Native Plant Society of New Jersey’s Rain Garden Manual of New Jersey<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html\">http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html</a><span> </span>(accessed April 2, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rutgers NJAES. “Rain Gardens Fact Sheet: Rain Gardens.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/fs513.pdf\">http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/fs513.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 25, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Sustainble Jersey. 2017. Rain Gardens Action.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/\">http://www.sustainablejersey.com</a><span> </span>(accessed April 2, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/water/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://lowimpactdevelopment.org/rain-garden-templates-for-maryland/\">Low Impact Development Center – Rain Garden Template</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.npsnj.org/pages/nativeplants_Plant_Lists.html\">Native Plant Society of New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CEAM\">Native Plant Database</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/stormwater/\">Stormwater Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/gi/\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://nemo.uconn.edu/raingardens/index.htm\">Rain Gardens – A Design Guide by the University of Connecticut</a></li>\n<li>Rutgers NJ Agricultural Experiment Station – Water Resources Program\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/GreenInfrastructureGuidanceManual.html\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/raingardens.html\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://sustainablesites.org/\">The Sustainable Sites Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablejersey.com/\">Sustainable Jersey</a></li>\n<li>US EPA\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sustainability/giwiz\">Green Infrastructure Wizard</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Rain Gardens','','inherit','closed','closed','','2019-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 15:51:13','2022-04-19 15:51:13','',2019,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2024',0,'revision','',0),(2025,3,'2022-04-19 16:43:15','2022-04-19 16:43:15','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Water-Efficient Landscaping\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Water-Efficient Landscaping?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Water-efficient landscaping refers to several different terms, such as water-wise, water-smart low-water, and natural landscaping that all rely on the same basic principles.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Xeriscape landscaping, for example, includes landscaping that conserves water and protects water quality by utilizing landscape designs and plantings suited to local conditions.  Most water efficient landscaping approaches incorporate the following suggestions:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Group plants according to their watering needs.</li>\n<li>Use native and adapted plants (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Limit turf areas (see<span> </span><em><i>Turf Grass Reduction</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Use efficient irrigation systems and watering schedules (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Start with healthy soil and add mulch to retain moisture.</li>\n<li>Provide regular maintenance.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The US EPA estimates that the average family of four uses about 400 gallons of water per day, 30 percent for outdoor use. Landscape irrigation accounts for more than one-third of all residential water use nationwide. Water use depends on location and climate, but in some areas, up to 50 percent of water used to irrigate may be lost to evaporation, wind, and improper system design or overwatering.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Minimizing or eliminating the use of potable water for irrigation can conserve clean water for the benefit of the environment and the community.</p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_516\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1172\"]<img class=\"wp-image-516 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Water-Efficient-Landscaping-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Non-Xeriscaping (left) and Xeriscaping (right) (Source: US EPA – Water Efficient Landscaping)\" width=\"1172\" height=\"668\" /> Figure 1 – Non-Xeriscaping (left) and Xeriscaping (right) (Source: US EPA – Water Efficient Landscaping)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Water-Efficient Landscapes</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Design landscapes that rely on natural rainfall and only require supplemental irrigation during the plants’ initial establishment period. Use native and appropriate non-native vegetation adapted to site conditions and climate (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants</i></em>). Group plants with similar water requirements to maximize irrigation efficiency and use climate-based controllers for irrigation systems to lower water consumption. Consider using non-potable water for irrigation (see<span> </span><em><i>Rain Barrels and Cisterns</i></em>, and<span> </span><em><i>Onsite Alternative Water Reuse</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>For more information, refer to US EPA’s WaterSense Water-Smart Landscaping Design Guide.</p>\n<p>For location specific information, refer to your county extension service, and local garden and nursery centers.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p><strong><b> </b></strong>Economic:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lowers water bills – careful design and choice of appropriate plants can reduce outdoor water use by 20 to 50 percent.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Increases home values – attractive, water-efficient landscaping may increase property values.</li>\n<li>Saves money spent on landscape maintenance because many water-efficient plants require less care.</li>\n<li>Reduces tax burden by reducing stress on the municipal water infrastructure.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong><b> </b></strong>Environmental:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves natural resources.</li>\n<li>Protects against habitat loss and increases biodiversity by introducing native plants</li>\n<li>Lowers energy use due to less pumping and treatment of water.</li>\n<li>Reduces stormwater and irrigation runoff that transport top soils and pollutants into waterways.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Personal Wellness:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saves time spent on landscaping.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of water-efficient landscaping does not exceed the cost of conventional landscaping. The cost and cost-savings of water-efficient landscaping vary depending on the local cost of water. Converting irrigated turf lawns to ground covers or mulched areas can result in considerable cost savings. Changing watering schedule and landscape management without making any physical changes in the landscape may save water. A study by the UGA Cooperative Extension notes that converting 1,000 square feet of irrigated area to a non-irrigated area may save up homeowners an estimated minimum of $60 per year.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Incentives for homeowners may be available through the<span> </span><a href=\"http://epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA’s WaterSense</a><span> </span>program. The program assists homeowners in improving water efficiency and reducing costs by promoting efficient irrigation technologies such as weather-based irrigation controllers and soil moisture sensors.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Water-efficient landscaping increases resiliency by decreasing the reliance and stress on municipal water infrastructure and supply, and by supporting local ecosystems that are drought tolerant (see<span> </span><em><i>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</i></em>).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Water-Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution &amp; Using Resources Wisely.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf\">https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Water-Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution &amp; Using Resources Wisely.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf\">https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf</a>  (accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Outdoor Water Use in the United States.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1004XFX.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&amp;Client=EPA&amp;Index=2006+Thru+2010&amp;Docs=&amp;Query=&amp;Time=&amp;EndTime=&amp;SearchMethod=1&amp;TocRestrict=n&amp;Toc=&amp;TocEntry=&amp;QField=&amp;QFieldYear=&amp;QFieldMonth=&amp;QFieldDay=&amp;IntQFieldOp=0&amp;ExtQFieldOp=0&amp;XmlQuery=&amp;File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C06thru10%5CTxt%5C00000010%5CP1004XFX.txt&amp;User=ANONYMOUS&amp;Password=anonymous&amp;SortMethod=h%7C-&amp;MaximumDocuments=1&amp;FuzzyDegree=0&amp;ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&amp;Display=hpfr&amp;DefSeekPage=x&amp;SearchBack=ZyActionL&amp;Back=ZyActionS&amp;BackDesc=Results%20page&amp;MaximumPages=1&amp;ZyEntry=1&amp;SeekPage=x&amp;ZyPURL\">Link</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Dr. Steve Windhager, University of Texas School of Architecture. <span> </span><em><i>Sustainable Sites<span> </span></i></em> <a href=\"https://soa.utexas.edu/sites/default/disk/urban_ecosystems/urban_ecosystems/09_03_fa_windhager_calaci_ml.pdf\">https://soa.utexas.edu/sites/default/disk/urban_ecosystems/urban_ecosystems/09_03_fa_windhager_calaci_ml.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Outdoor Water Use in the United States.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1004XFX.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&amp;Client=EPA&amp;Index=2006+Thru+2010&amp;Docs=&amp;Query=&amp;Time=&amp;EndTime=&amp;SearchMethod=1&amp;TocRestrict=n&amp;Toc=&amp;TocEntry=&amp;QField=&amp;QFieldYear=&amp;QFieldMonth=&amp;QFieldDay=&amp;IntQFieldOp=0&amp;ExtQFieldOp=0&amp;XmlQuery=&amp;File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C06thru10%5CTxt%5C00000010%5CP1004XFX.txt&amp;User=ANONYMOUS&amp;Password=anonymous&amp;SortMethod=h%7C-&amp;MaximumDocuments=1&amp;FuzzyDegree=0&amp;ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&amp;Display=hpfr&amp;DefSeekPage=x&amp;SearchBack=ZyActionL&amp;Back=ZyActionS&amp;BackDesc=Results%20page&amp;MaximumPages=1&amp;ZyEntry=1&amp;SeekPage=x&amp;ZyPURL\">Link</a>  (accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Cooperative Extension.<span> </span><em><i>A Guide to Developing a Water-Wise Landscape</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"https://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/12344/B1073.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\">https://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/12344/B1073.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220308160142/https://landscapeforlife.org/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/docs/Sustainable_Landscape.pdf\">Creating Sustainable Communities – A Guide for Developers and Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/drought/index.html\">Drought Information</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/gi/\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njwatersavers.rutgers.edu/For%20Residents_Introduction.html\">NJ Water Savers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.php?pid=E341\">Rutgers NJ Agriculture Experiment Station – Landscaping for Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablesites.org/\">Sustainable Sites Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/landscaping-tips\">US EPA: WaterSense – Landscaping Tips</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Water-Efficient Landscaping','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-water-efficient-landscaping','','','2022-06-23 18:02:50','2022-06-23 18:02:50','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2025',0,'post','',0),(2027,3,'2022-04-19 16:43:15','2022-04-19 16:43:15','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Water-Efficient Landscaping\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Water-Efficient Landscaping?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Water-efficient landscaping refers to several different terms, such as water-wise, water-smart low-water, and natural landscaping that all rely on the same basic principles.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Xeriscape landscaping, for example, includes landscaping that conserves water and protects water quality by utilizing landscape designs and plantings suited to local conditions.  Most water efficient landscaping approaches incorporate the following suggestions:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Group plants according to their watering needs.</li>\n<li>Use native and adapted plants (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Limit turf areas (see<span> </span><em><i>Turf Grass Reduction</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Use efficient irrigation systems and watering schedules (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Start with healthy soil and add mulch to retain moisture.</li>\n<li>Provide regular maintenance.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The US EPA estimates that the average family of four uses about 400 gallons of water per day, 30 percent for outdoor use. Landscape irrigation accounts for more than one-third of all residential water use nationwide. Water use depends on location and climate, but in some areas, up to 50 percent of water used to irrigate may be lost to evaporation, wind, and improper system design or overwatering.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Minimizing or eliminating the use of potable water for irrigation can conserve clean water for the benefit of the environment and the community.</p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_516\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1172\"]<img class=\"wp-image-516 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Water-Efficient-Landscaping-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Non-Xeriscaping (left) and Xeriscaping (right) (Source: US EPA – Water Efficient Landscaping)\" width=\"1172\" height=\"668\" /> Figure 1 – Non-Xeriscaping (left) and Xeriscaping (right) (Source: US EPA – Water Efficient Landscaping)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Water-Efficient Landscapes</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Design landscapes that rely on natural rainfall and only require supplemental irrigation during the plants’ initial establishment period. Use native and appropriate non-native vegetation adapted to site conditions and climate (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants</i></em>). Group plants with similar water requirements to maximize irrigation efficiency and use climate-based controllers for irrigation systems to lower water consumption. Consider using non-potable water for irrigation (see<span> </span><em><i>Rain Barrels and Cisterns</i></em>, and<span> </span><em><i>Onsite Alternative Water Reuse</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>For more information, refer to US EPA’s WaterSense Water-Smart Landscaping Design Guide.</p>\n<p>For location specific information, refer to your county extension service, and local garden and nursery centers.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p><strong><b> </b></strong>Economic:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lowers water bills – careful design and choice of appropriate plants can reduce outdoor water use by 20 to 50 percent.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Increases home values – attractive, water-efficient landscaping may increase property values.</li>\n<li>Saves money spent on landscape maintenance because many water-efficient plants require less care.</li>\n<li>Reduces tax burden by reducing stress on the municipal water infrastructure.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong><b> </b></strong>Environmental:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves natural resources.</li>\n<li>Protects against habitat loss and increases biodiversity by introducing native plants</li>\n<li>Lowers energy use due to less pumping and treatment of water.</li>\n<li>Reduces stormwater and irrigation runoff that transport top soils and pollutants into waterways.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Personal Wellness:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saves time spent on landscaping.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of water-efficient landscaping does not exceed the cost of conventional landscaping. The cost and cost-savings of water-efficient landscaping vary depending on the local cost of water. Converting irrigated turf lawns to ground covers or mulched areas can result in considerable cost savings. Changing watering schedule and landscape management without making any physical changes in the landscape may save water. A study by the UGA Cooperative Extension notes that converting 1,000 square feet of irrigated area to a non-irrigated area may save up homeowners an estimated minimum of $60 per year.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Incentives for homeowners may be available through the<span> </span><a href=\"http://epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA’s WaterSense</a><span> </span>program. The program assists homeowners in improving water efficiency and reducing costs by promoting efficient irrigation technologies such as weather-based irrigation controllers and soil moisture sensors.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Water-efficient landscaping increases resiliency by decreasing the reliance and stress on municipal water infrastructure and supply, and by supporting local ecosystems that are drought tolerant (see<span> </span><em><i>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</i></em>).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Water-Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution &amp; Using Resources Wisely.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf\">https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Water-Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution &amp; Using Resources Wisely.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf\">https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf</a>  (accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Outdoor Water Use in the United States.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1004XFX.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&amp;Client=EPA&amp;Index=2006+Thru+2010&amp;Docs=&amp;Query=&amp;Time=&amp;EndTime=&amp;SearchMethod=1&amp;TocRestrict=n&amp;Toc=&amp;TocEntry=&amp;QField=&amp;QFieldYear=&amp;QFieldMonth=&amp;QFieldDay=&amp;IntQFieldOp=0&amp;ExtQFieldOp=0&amp;XmlQuery=&amp;File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C06thru10%5CTxt%5C00000010%5CP1004XFX.txt&amp;User=ANONYMOUS&amp;Password=anonymous&amp;SortMethod=h%7C-&amp;MaximumDocuments=1&amp;FuzzyDegree=0&amp;ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&amp;Display=hpfr&amp;DefSeekPage=x&amp;SearchBack=ZyActionL&amp;Back=ZyActionS&amp;BackDesc=Results%20page&amp;MaximumPages=1&amp;ZyEntry=1&amp;SeekPage=x&amp;ZyPURL\">Link</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Dr. Steve Windhager, University of Texas School of Architecture. <span> </span><em><i>Sustainable Sites<span> </span></i></em> <a href=\"https://soa.utexas.edu/sites/default/disk/urban_ecosystems/urban_ecosystems/09_03_fa_windhager_calaci_ml.pdf\">https://soa.utexas.edu/sites/default/disk/urban_ecosystems/urban_ecosystems/09_03_fa_windhager_calaci_ml.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Outdoor Water Use in the United States.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1004XFX.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&amp;Client=EPA&amp;Index=2006+Thru+2010&amp;Docs=&amp;Query=&amp;Time=&amp;EndTime=&amp;SearchMethod=1&amp;TocRestrict=n&amp;Toc=&amp;TocEntry=&amp;QField=&amp;QFieldYear=&amp;QFieldMonth=&amp;QFieldDay=&amp;IntQFieldOp=0&amp;ExtQFieldOp=0&amp;XmlQuery=&amp;File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C06thru10%5CTxt%5C00000010%5CP1004XFX.txt&amp;User=ANONYMOUS&amp;Password=anonymous&amp;SortMethod=h%7C-&amp;MaximumDocuments=1&amp;FuzzyDegree=0&amp;ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&amp;Display=hpfr&amp;DefSeekPage=x&amp;SearchBack=ZyActionL&amp;Back=ZyActionS&amp;BackDesc=Results%20page&amp;MaximumPages=1&amp;ZyEntry=1&amp;SeekPage=x&amp;ZyPURL\">Link</a>  (accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Cooperative Extension.<span> </span><em><i>A Guide to Developing a Water-Wise Landscape</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"https://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/12344/B1073.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\">https://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/12344/B1073.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/docs/Sustainable_Landscape.pdf\">Creating Sustainable Communities – A Guide for Developers and Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/drought/index.html\">Drought Information</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/gi/\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njwatersavers.rutgers.edu/For%20Residents_Introduction.html\">NJ Water Savers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.php?pid=E341\">Rutgers NJ Agriculture Experiment Station – Landscaping for Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablesites.org/\">Sustainable Sites Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/landscaping-tips\">US EPA: WaterSense – Landscaping Tips</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Water-Efficient Landscaping','','inherit','closed','closed','','2025-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 16:43:15','2022-04-19 16:43:15','',2025,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2027',0,'revision','',0),(2028,3,'2022-04-19 16:43:15','2022-04-19 16:43:15','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Water-Efficient Landscaping\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Water-Efficient Landscaping?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Water-efficient landscaping refers to several different terms, such as water-wise, water-smart low-water, and natural landscaping that all rely on the same basic principles.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Xeriscape landscaping, for example, includes landscaping that conserves water and protects water quality by utilizing landscape designs and plantings suited to local conditions.  Most water efficient landscaping approaches incorporate the following suggestions:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Group plants according to their watering needs.</li>\n<li>Use native and adapted plants (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Limit turf areas (see<span> </span><em><i>Turf Grass Reduction</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Use efficient irrigation systems and watering schedules (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Start with healthy soil and add mulch to retain moisture.</li>\n<li>Provide regular maintenance.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The US EPA estimates that the average family of four uses about 400 gallons of water per day, 30 percent for outdoor use. Landscape irrigation accounts for more than one-third of all residential water use nationwide. Water use depends on location and climate, but in some areas, up to 50 percent of water used to irrigate may be lost to evaporation, wind, and improper system design or overwatering.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Minimizing or eliminating the use of potable water for irrigation can conserve clean water for the benefit of the environment and the community.</p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_516\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1172\"]<img class=\"wp-image-516 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Water-Efficient-Landscaping-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Non-Xeriscaping (left) and Xeriscaping (right) (Source: US EPA – Water Efficient Landscaping)\" width=\"1172\" height=\"668\" /> Figure 1 – Non-Xeriscaping (left) and Xeriscaping (right) (Source: US EPA – Water Efficient Landscaping)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Water-Efficient Landscapes</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Design landscapes that rely on natural rainfall and only require supplemental irrigation during the plants’ initial establishment period. Use native and appropriate non-native vegetation adapted to site conditions and climate (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants</i></em>). Group plants with similar water requirements to maximize irrigation efficiency and use climate-based controllers for irrigation systems to lower water consumption. Consider using non-potable water for irrigation (see<span> </span><em><i>Rain Barrels and Cisterns</i></em>, and<span> </span><em><i>Onsite Alternative Water Reuse</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>For more information, refer to US EPA’s WaterSense Water-Smart Landscaping Design Guide.</p>\n<p>For location specific information, refer to your county extension service, and local garden and nursery centers.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p><strong><b> </b></strong>Economic:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lowers water bills – careful design and choice of appropriate plants can reduce outdoor water use by 20 to 50 percent.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Increases home values – attractive, water-efficient landscaping may increase property values.</li>\n<li>Saves money spent on landscape maintenance because many water-efficient plants require less care.</li>\n<li>Reduces tax burden by reducing stress on the municipal water infrastructure.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong><b> </b></strong>Environmental:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves natural resources.</li>\n<li>Protects against habitat loss and increases biodiversity by introducing native plants</li>\n<li>Lowers energy use due to less pumping and treatment of water.</li>\n<li>Reduces stormwater and irrigation runoff that transport top soils and pollutants into waterways.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Personal Wellness:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saves time spent on landscaping.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of water-efficient landscaping does not exceed the cost of conventional landscaping. The cost and cost-savings of water-efficient landscaping vary depending on the local cost of water. Converting irrigated turf lawns to ground covers or mulched areas can result in considerable cost savings. Changing watering schedule and landscape management without making any physical changes in the landscape may save water. A study by the UGA Cooperative Extension notes that converting 1,000 square feet of irrigated area to a non-irrigated area may save up homeowners an estimated minimum of $60 per year.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Incentives for homeowners may be available through the<span> </span><a href=\"http://epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA’s WaterSense</a><span> </span>program. The program assists homeowners in improving water efficiency and reducing costs by promoting efficient irrigation technologies such as weather-based irrigation controllers and soil moisture sensors.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Water-efficient landscaping increases resiliency by decreasing the reliance and stress on municipal water infrastructure and supply, and by supporting local ecosystems that are drought tolerant (see<span> </span><em><i>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</i></em>).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Water-Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution &amp; Using Resources Wisely.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf\">https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Water-Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution &amp; Using Resources Wisely.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf\">https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf</a>  (accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Outdoor Water Use in the United States.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1004XFX.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&amp;Client=EPA&amp;Index=2006+Thru+2010&amp;Docs=&amp;Query=&amp;Time=&amp;EndTime=&amp;SearchMethod=1&amp;TocRestrict=n&amp;Toc=&amp;TocEntry=&amp;QField=&amp;QFieldYear=&amp;QFieldMonth=&amp;QFieldDay=&amp;IntQFieldOp=0&amp;ExtQFieldOp=0&amp;XmlQuery=&amp;File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C06thru10%5CTxt%5C00000010%5CP1004XFX.txt&amp;User=ANONYMOUS&amp;Password=anonymous&amp;SortMethod=h%7C-&amp;MaximumDocuments=1&amp;FuzzyDegree=0&amp;ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&amp;Display=hpfr&amp;DefSeekPage=x&amp;SearchBack=ZyActionL&amp;Back=ZyActionS&amp;BackDesc=Results%20page&amp;MaximumPages=1&amp;ZyEntry=1&amp;SeekPage=x&amp;ZyPURL\">Link</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Dr. Steve Windhager, University of Texas School of Architecture. <span> </span><em><i>Sustainable Sites<span> </span></i></em> <a href=\"https://soa.utexas.edu/sites/default/disk/urban_ecosystems/urban_ecosystems/09_03_fa_windhager_calaci_ml.pdf\">https://soa.utexas.edu/sites/default/disk/urban_ecosystems/urban_ecosystems/09_03_fa_windhager_calaci_ml.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Outdoor Water Use in the United States.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1004XFX.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&amp;Client=EPA&amp;Index=2006+Thru+2010&amp;Docs=&amp;Query=&amp;Time=&amp;EndTime=&amp;SearchMethod=1&amp;TocRestrict=n&amp;Toc=&amp;TocEntry=&amp;QField=&amp;QFieldYear=&amp;QFieldMonth=&amp;QFieldDay=&amp;IntQFieldOp=0&amp;ExtQFieldOp=0&amp;XmlQuery=&amp;File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C06thru10%5CTxt%5C00000010%5CP1004XFX.txt&amp;User=ANONYMOUS&amp;Password=anonymous&amp;SortMethod=h%7C-&amp;MaximumDocuments=1&amp;FuzzyDegree=0&amp;ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&amp;Display=hpfr&amp;DefSeekPage=x&amp;SearchBack=ZyActionL&amp;Back=ZyActionS&amp;BackDesc=Results%20page&amp;MaximumPages=1&amp;ZyEntry=1&amp;SeekPage=x&amp;ZyPURL\">Link</a>  (accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Cooperative Extension.<span> </span><em><i>A Guide to Developing a Water-Wise Landscape</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"https://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/12344/B1073.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\">https://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/12344/B1073.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/docs/Sustainable_Landscape.pdf\">Creating Sustainable Communities – A Guide for Developers and Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/drought/index.html\">Drought Information</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/gi/\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njwatersavers.rutgers.edu/For%20Residents_Introduction.html\">NJ Water Savers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.php?pid=E341\">Rutgers NJ Agriculture Experiment Station – Landscaping for Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablesites.org/\">Sustainable Sites Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/landscaping-tips\">US EPA: WaterSense – Landscaping Tips</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Rain Gardens','','inherit','closed','closed','','2025-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 16:43:15','2022-04-19 16:43:15','',2025,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2028',0,'revision','',0),(2029,3,'2022-04-19 16:43:19','2022-04-19 16:43:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Water-Efficient Landscaping\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Water-Efficient Landscaping?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Water-efficient landscaping refers to several different terms, such as water-wise, water-smart low-water, and natural landscaping that all rely on the same basic principles.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Xeriscape landscaping, for example, includes landscaping that conserves water and protects water quality by utilizing landscape designs and plantings suited to local conditions.  Most water efficient landscaping approaches incorporate the following suggestions:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Group plants according to their watering needs.</li>\n<li>Use native and adapted plants (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Limit turf areas (see<span> </span><em><i>Turf Grass Reduction</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Use efficient irrigation systems and watering schedules (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls</i></em>).</li>\n<li>Start with healthy soil and add mulch to retain moisture.</li>\n<li>Provide regular maintenance.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The US EPA estimates that the average family of four uses about 400 gallons of water per day, 30 percent for outdoor use. Landscape irrigation accounts for more than one-third of all residential water use nationwide. Water use depends on location and climate, but in some areas, up to 50 percent of water used to irrigate may be lost to evaporation, wind, and improper system design or overwatering.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Minimizing or eliminating the use of potable water for irrigation can conserve clean water for the benefit of the environment and the community.</p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_516\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1172\"]<img class=\"wp-image-516 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Water-Efficient-Landscaping-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Non-Xeriscaping (left) and Xeriscaping (right) (Source: US EPA – Water Efficient Landscaping)\" width=\"1172\" height=\"668\" /> Figure 1 – Non-Xeriscaping (left) and Xeriscaping (right) (Source: US EPA – Water Efficient Landscaping)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Water-Efficient Landscapes</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Design landscapes that rely on natural rainfall and only require supplemental irrigation during the plants’ initial establishment period. Use native and appropriate non-native vegetation adapted to site conditions and climate (see<span> </span><em><i>Native and Adapted Plants</i></em>). Group plants with similar water requirements to maximize irrigation efficiency and use climate-based controllers for irrigation systems to lower water consumption. Consider using non-potable water for irrigation (see<span> </span><em><i>Rain Barrels and Cisterns</i></em>, and<span> </span><em><i>Onsite Alternative Water Reuse</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>For more information, refer to US EPA’s WaterSense Water-Smart Landscaping Design Guide.</p>\n<p>For location specific information, refer to your county extension service, and local garden and nursery centers.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p><strong><b> </b></strong>Economic:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lowers water bills – careful design and choice of appropriate plants can reduce outdoor water use by 20 to 50 percent.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Increases home values – attractive, water-efficient landscaping may increase property values.</li>\n<li>Saves money spent on landscape maintenance because many water-efficient plants require less care.</li>\n<li>Reduces tax burden by reducing stress on the municipal water infrastructure.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong><b> </b></strong>Environmental:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conserves natural resources.</li>\n<li>Protects against habitat loss and increases biodiversity by introducing native plants</li>\n<li>Lowers energy use due to less pumping and treatment of water.</li>\n<li>Reduces stormwater and irrigation runoff that transport top soils and pollutants into waterways.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Personal Wellness:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saves time spent on landscaping.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of water-efficient landscaping does not exceed the cost of conventional landscaping. The cost and cost-savings of water-efficient landscaping vary depending on the local cost of water. Converting irrigated turf lawns to ground covers or mulched areas can result in considerable cost savings. Changing watering schedule and landscape management without making any physical changes in the landscape may save water. A study by the UGA Cooperative Extension notes that converting 1,000 square feet of irrigated area to a non-irrigated area may save up homeowners an estimated minimum of $60 per year.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Incentives for homeowners may be available through the<span> </span><a href=\"http://epa.gov/watersense\">US EPA’s WaterSense</a><span> </span>program. The program assists homeowners in improving water efficiency and reducing costs by promoting efficient irrigation technologies such as weather-based irrigation controllers and soil moisture sensors.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Water-efficient landscaping increases resiliency by decreasing the reliance and stress on municipal water infrastructure and supply, and by supporting local ecosystems that are drought tolerant (see<span> </span><em><i>Emergency Water Supply and Storage</i></em>).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Water-Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution &amp; Using Resources Wisely.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf\">https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Water-Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution &amp; Using Resources Wisely.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf\">https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/waterefficiency.pdf</a>  (accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Outdoor Water Use in the United States.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1004XFX.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&amp;Client=EPA&amp;Index=2006+Thru+2010&amp;Docs=&amp;Query=&amp;Time=&amp;EndTime=&amp;SearchMethod=1&amp;TocRestrict=n&amp;Toc=&amp;TocEntry=&amp;QField=&amp;QFieldYear=&amp;QFieldMonth=&amp;QFieldDay=&amp;IntQFieldOp=0&amp;ExtQFieldOp=0&amp;XmlQuery=&amp;File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C06thru10%5CTxt%5C00000010%5CP1004XFX.txt&amp;User=ANONYMOUS&amp;Password=anonymous&amp;SortMethod=h%7C-&amp;MaximumDocuments=1&amp;FuzzyDegree=0&amp;ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&amp;Display=hpfr&amp;DefSeekPage=x&amp;SearchBack=ZyActionL&amp;Back=ZyActionS&amp;BackDesc=Results%20page&amp;MaximumPages=1&amp;ZyEntry=1&amp;SeekPage=x&amp;ZyPURL\">Link</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Dr. Steve Windhager, University of Texas School of Architecture. <span> </span><em><i>Sustainable Sites<span> </span></i></em> <a href=\"https://soa.utexas.edu/sites/default/disk/urban_ecosystems/urban_ecosystems/09_03_fa_windhager_calaci_ml.pdf\">https://soa.utexas.edu/sites/default/disk/urban_ecosystems/urban_ecosystems/09_03_fa_windhager_calaci_ml.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. Outdoor Water Use in the United States.<span> </span><a href=\"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1004XFX.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&amp;Client=EPA&amp;Index=2006+Thru+2010&amp;Docs=&amp;Query=&amp;Time=&amp;EndTime=&amp;SearchMethod=1&amp;TocRestrict=n&amp;Toc=&amp;TocEntry=&amp;QField=&amp;QFieldYear=&amp;QFieldMonth=&amp;QFieldDay=&amp;IntQFieldOp=0&amp;ExtQFieldOp=0&amp;XmlQuery=&amp;File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C06thru10%5CTxt%5C00000010%5CP1004XFX.txt&amp;User=ANONYMOUS&amp;Password=anonymous&amp;SortMethod=h%7C-&amp;MaximumDocuments=1&amp;FuzzyDegree=0&amp;ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&amp;Display=hpfr&amp;DefSeekPage=x&amp;SearchBack=ZyActionL&amp;Back=ZyActionS&amp;BackDesc=Results%20page&amp;MaximumPages=1&amp;ZyEntry=1&amp;SeekPage=x&amp;ZyPURL\">Link</a>  (accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Cooperative Extension.<span> </span><em><i>A Guide to Developing a Water-Wise Landscape</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"https://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/12344/B1073.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\">https://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/12344/B1073.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Reuse</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-barrels-and-cisterns/\">Rain Barrels and Cisterns</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://landscapeforlife.org/\">Landscape for Life</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li>NJ DEP\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/docs/Sustainable_Landscape.pdf\">Creating Sustainable Communities – A Guide for Developers and Communities</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/drought/index.html\">Drought Information</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/gi/\">Green Infrastructure</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://njwatersavers.rutgers.edu/For%20Residents_Introduction.html\">NJ Water Savers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.php?pid=E341\">Rutgers NJ Agriculture Experiment Station – Landscaping for Water Conservation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.sustainablesites.org/\">Sustainable Sites Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/watersense/landscaping-tips\">US EPA: WaterSense – Landscaping Tips</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Water-Efficient Landscaping','','inherit','closed','closed','','2025-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 16:43:19','2022-04-19 16:43:19','',2025,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2029',0,'revision','',0),(2030,3,'2022-04-19 19:46:29','2022-04-19 19:46:29','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Acoustic Comfort\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Acoustic Comfort?</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort refers to an occupant’s experience related to sound in a building or a specific space within a building. A space with excellent acoustics has a minimal echo and controls excess noise from outside sources as well as sources within the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Three common noise issues include excess noise from outside, noise from adjacent spaces, and noise control issues within a space.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Controlling these aspects of sound can help improve indoor environmental quality (IEQ).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Achieving a high level of indoor environmental quality is an important component of residential construction. Adopting sound absorbing materials can enhance indoor acoustics and provide a better quality of life for building residents.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_109\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1718\"]<img class=\"wp-image-109 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Acoustic-Comfort-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Home Entertainment System (Source: Pexel)\" width=\"1718\" height=\"1414\" /> Figure 1 – Home Entertainment System (Source: Pexel)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>How to Improve Acoustic Comfort</h2>\n<p>Reduce unnecessary noises originating from poor insulation by implementing high Sound Transmission Class (STC) walls between high noise areas inside and outside the building. STC is a numerical rating system that measures the ability of a wall, floor, window, or ceiling to minimize sound transmission. Hire an acoustical engineer to achieve the ideal acoustical conditions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Noises can also originate from too much reverberation (sound reflecting off various surfaces). Reverberation can be addressed by strategically installing acoustic materials that either absorb or diffuse noise. For example, soft padded furniture helps reduce reverberation and absorb unnecessary noises. It is also worth considering the option of installing carpet or utilizing area rugs in large open areas. In contrast to hard flooring materials such as tile and wood, carpet is particularly effective at reducing noise caused by reverberation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>When choosing carpets and rugs, make sure to select eco-friendly products that are made with natural fibers or recycled material and do not compromise the indoor environmental quality (see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>).</p>\n<p>Extraneous and distracting indoor noises may also stem from household heating and cooling equipment. Mechanical equipment such as a building’s HVAC system can become too noisy and undermine indoor comfort.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>An integrated design process is key to achieving a high level of acoustic comfort. Project goals related to security and sustainability, for example, are sometimes perceived to conflict with acoustic goals but involving professionals from those areas of expertise from the start of the project, helps achieve synergistic goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort can reduce stress, protect the health, and increase occupant satisfaction and productivity by contributing to a more comfortable environment psychologically and acoustically. Sound absorbent materials are especially beneficial in multi-family units to reduce adjacent noises from neighbors.</p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing strategies to achieve acoustic comfort varies depending on specific project goals and the approach taken. In general, doors, windows, and walls with higher STC ratings are usually more expensive than their traditional counterparts. A primary reason for added costs is that higher-rated STC products typically contain more materials, such as drywall, insulation, and studs. However, a higher STC rating can be achieved in numerous ways, from merely using thicker drywall or increasing the density of insulation, to utilizing specialized products such as soundboards and sound absorbent foams and glues.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Overall, costs are primarily dependent on the construction methods and materials utilized to achieve a higher STC rating.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort is a critical element of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that affects the health and well-being of building occupants. In the event of a disaster or emergency, a high-quality indoor environment helps protect building occupants and contribute to a built environment that can provide protection and recovery from hazardous events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Indoor Environmental Quality. <span> </span><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq\">https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq</a><span> </span>(accessed December 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a><span> </span>(accessed December 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>National Institute of Building Sciences – WBDG.<span> </span><em>Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span></em>September 2018.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq</a>  (accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>NAIMA. Insulation Institute.<span> </span><a href=\"https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-homeowner/why-insulate/insulating-for-sound/\">https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-homeowner/why-insulate/insulating-for-sound/</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>International Association of Certified Home Inspectors. Construction Methods and Materials for Noise Control.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nachi.org/noise-control.htm\">https://www.nachi.org/noise-control.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Architect Magazine. Sound Abatement Windows Can Help Make a House Hushed and Healthy.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/products/sound-abatement-windows-can-help-make-a-house-hushed-and-healthy_o\">https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/products/sound-abatement-windows-can-help-make-a-house-hushed-and-healthy_o</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://acousticalsociety.org/\">Acoustical Society of America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-building-or-facility-professional/commercial/why-insulate/\">Insulation Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dep/pdf/noise/residential-noise-control-guidance-sheet.pdf\">NYC – DEP Residential Noise Control Guidance Sheet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://standard.wellcertified.com/comfort/sound-barriers\">The Well Building Standard – Comfort Features</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">Whole Building Design Guide – Acoustic Comfort</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Acoustic Comfort','','publish','closed','closed','','acoustic-comfort','','','2022-04-19 19:46:33','2022-04-19 19:46:33','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2030',0,'post','',0),(2033,3,'2022-04-19 19:46:29','2022-04-19 19:46:29','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Acoustic Comfort\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Acoustic Comfort?</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort refers to an occupant’s experience related to sound in a building or a specific space within a building. A space with excellent acoustics has a minimal echo and controls excess noise from outside sources as well as sources within the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Three common noise issues include excess noise from outside, noise from adjacent spaces, and noise control issues within a space.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Controlling these aspects of sound can help improve indoor environmental quality (IEQ).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Achieving a high level of indoor environmental quality is an important component of residential construction. Adopting sound absorbing materials can enhance indoor acoustics and provide a better quality of life for building residents.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_109\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1718\"]<img class=\"wp-image-109 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Acoustic-Comfort-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Home Entertainment System (Source: Pexel)\" width=\"1718\" height=\"1414\" /> Figure 1 – Home Entertainment System (Source: Pexel)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>How to Improve Acoustic Comfort</h2>\n<p>Reduce unnecessary noises originating from poor insulation by implementing high Sound Transmission Class (STC) walls between high noise areas inside and outside the building. STC is a numerical rating system that measures the ability of a wall, floor, window, or ceiling to minimize sound transmission. Hire an acoustical engineer to achieve the ideal acoustical conditions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Noises can also originate from too much reverberation (sound reflecting off various surfaces). Reverberation can be addressed by strategically installing acoustic materials that either absorb or diffuse noise. For example, soft padded furniture helps reduce reverberation and absorb unnecessary noises. It is also worth considering the option of installing carpet or utilizing area rugs in large open areas. In contrast to hard flooring materials such as tile and wood, carpet is particularly effective at reducing noise caused by reverberation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>When choosing carpets and rugs, make sure to select eco-friendly products that are made with natural fibers or recycled material and do not compromise the indoor environmental quality (see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>).</p>\n<p>Extraneous and distracting indoor noises may also stem from household heating and cooling equipment. Mechanical equipment such as a building’s HVAC system can become too noisy and undermine indoor comfort.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>An integrated design process is key to achieving a high level of acoustic comfort. Project goals related to security and sustainability, for example, are sometimes perceived to conflict with acoustic goals but involving professionals from those areas of expertise from the start of the project, helps achieve synergistic goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort can reduce stress, protect the health, and increase occupant satisfaction and productivity by contributing to a more comfortable environment psychologically and acoustically. Sound absorbent materials are especially beneficial in multi-family units to reduce adjacent noises from neighbors.</p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing strategies to achieve acoustic comfort varies depending on specific project goals and the approach taken. In general, doors, windows, and walls with higher STC ratings are usually more expensive than their traditional counterparts. A primary reason for added costs is that higher-rated STC products typically contain more materials, such as drywall, insulation, and studs. However, a higher STC rating can be achieved in numerous ways, from merely using thicker drywall or increasing the density of insulation, to utilizing specialized products such as soundboards and sound absorbent foams and glues.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Overall, costs are primarily dependent on the construction methods and materials utilized to achieve a higher STC rating.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort is a critical element of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that affects the health and well-being of building occupants. In the event of a disaster or emergency, a high-quality indoor environment helps protect building occupants and contribute to a built environment that can provide protection and recovery from hazardous events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Indoor Environmental Quality. <span> </span><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq\">https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq</a><span> </span>(accessed December 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a><span> </span>(accessed December 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>National Institute of Building Sciences – WBDG.<span> </span><em>Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span></em>September 2018.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq</a>  (accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>NAIMA. Insulation Institute.<span> </span><a href=\"https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-homeowner/why-insulate/insulating-for-sound/\">https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-homeowner/why-insulate/insulating-for-sound/</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>International Association of Certified Home Inspectors. Construction Methods and Materials for Noise Control.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nachi.org/noise-control.htm\">https://www.nachi.org/noise-control.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Architect Magazine. Sound Abatement Windows Can Help Make a House Hushed and Healthy.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/products/sound-abatement-windows-can-help-make-a-house-hushed-and-healthy_o\">https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/products/sound-abatement-windows-can-help-make-a-house-hushed-and-healthy_o</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://acousticalsociety.org/\">Acoustical Society of America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-building-or-facility-professional/commercial/why-insulate/\">Insulation Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dep/pdf/noise/residential-noise-control-guidance-sheet.pdf\">NYC – DEP Residential Noise Control Guidance Sheet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://standard.wellcertified.com/comfort/sound-barriers\">The Well Building Standard – Comfort Features</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">Whole Building Design Guide – Acoustic Comfort</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Acoustic Comfort','','inherit','closed','closed','','2030-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 19:46:29','2022-04-19 19:46:29','',2030,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2033',0,'revision','',0),(2034,3,'2022-04-19 19:46:30','2022-04-19 19:46:30','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Acoustic Comfort\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Acoustic Comfort?</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort refers to an occupant’s experience related to sound in a building or a specific space within a building. A space with excellent acoustics has a minimal echo and controls excess noise from outside sources as well as sources within the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Three common noise issues include excess noise from outside, noise from adjacent spaces, and noise control issues within a space.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Controlling these aspects of sound can help improve indoor environmental quality (IEQ).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Achieving a high level of indoor environmental quality is an important component of residential construction. Adopting sound absorbing materials can enhance indoor acoustics and provide a better quality of life for building residents.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_109\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1718\"]<img class=\"wp-image-109 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Acoustic-Comfort-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Home Entertainment System (Source: Pexel)\" width=\"1718\" height=\"1414\" /> Figure 1 – Home Entertainment System (Source: Pexel)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>How to Improve Acoustic Comfort</h2>\n<p>Reduce unnecessary noises originating from poor insulation by implementing high Sound Transmission Class (STC) walls between high noise areas inside and outside the building. STC is a numerical rating system that measures the ability of a wall, floor, window, or ceiling to minimize sound transmission. Hire an acoustical engineer to achieve the ideal acoustical conditions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Noises can also originate from too much reverberation (sound reflecting off various surfaces). Reverberation can be addressed by strategically installing acoustic materials that either absorb or diffuse noise. For example, soft padded furniture helps reduce reverberation and absorb unnecessary noises. It is also worth considering the option of installing carpet or utilizing area rugs in large open areas. In contrast to hard flooring materials such as tile and wood, carpet is particularly effective at reducing noise caused by reverberation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>When choosing carpets and rugs, make sure to select eco-friendly products that are made with natural fibers or recycled material and do not compromise the indoor environmental quality (see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>).</p>\n<p>Extraneous and distracting indoor noises may also stem from household heating and cooling equipment. Mechanical equipment such as a building’s HVAC system can become too noisy and undermine indoor comfort.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>An integrated design process is key to achieving a high level of acoustic comfort. Project goals related to security and sustainability, for example, are sometimes perceived to conflict with acoustic goals but involving professionals from those areas of expertise from the start of the project, helps achieve synergistic goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort can reduce stress, protect the health, and increase occupant satisfaction and productivity by contributing to a more comfortable environment psychologically and acoustically. Sound absorbent materials are especially beneficial in multi-family units to reduce adjacent noises from neighbors.</p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing strategies to achieve acoustic comfort varies depending on specific project goals and the approach taken. In general, doors, windows, and walls with higher STC ratings are usually more expensive than their traditional counterparts. A primary reason for added costs is that higher-rated STC products typically contain more materials, such as drywall, insulation, and studs. However, a higher STC rating can be achieved in numerous ways, from merely using thicker drywall or increasing the density of insulation, to utilizing specialized products such as soundboards and sound absorbent foams and glues.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Overall, costs are primarily dependent on the construction methods and materials utilized to achieve a higher STC rating.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort is a critical element of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that affects the health and well-being of building occupants. In the event of a disaster or emergency, a high-quality indoor environment helps protect building occupants and contribute to a built environment that can provide protection and recovery from hazardous events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Indoor Environmental Quality. <span> </span><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq\">https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq</a><span> </span>(accessed December 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a><span> </span>(accessed December 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>National Institute of Building Sciences – WBDG.<span> </span><em>Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span></em>September 2018.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq</a>  (accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>NAIMA. Insulation Institute.<span> </span><a href=\"https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-homeowner/why-insulate/insulating-for-sound/\">https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-homeowner/why-insulate/insulating-for-sound/</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>International Association of Certified Home Inspectors. Construction Methods and Materials for Noise Control.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nachi.org/noise-control.htm\">https://www.nachi.org/noise-control.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Architect Magazine. Sound Abatement Windows Can Help Make a House Hushed and Healthy.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/products/sound-abatement-windows-can-help-make-a-house-hushed-and-healthy_o\">https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/products/sound-abatement-windows-can-help-make-a-house-hushed-and-healthy_o</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://acousticalsociety.org/\">Acoustical Society of America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-building-or-facility-professional/commercial/why-insulate/\">Insulation Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dep/pdf/noise/residential-noise-control-guidance-sheet.pdf\">NYC – DEP Residential Noise Control Guidance Sheet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://standard.wellcertified.com/comfort/sound-barriers\">The Well Building Standard – Comfort Features</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">Whole Building Design Guide – Acoustic Comfort</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Water-Efficient Landscaping','','inherit','closed','closed','','2030-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 19:46:30','2022-04-19 19:46:30','',2030,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2034',0,'revision','',0),(2036,3,'2022-04-19 19:46:33','2022-04-19 19:46:33','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Acoustic Comfort\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Acoustic Comfort?</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort refers to an occupant’s experience related to sound in a building or a specific space within a building. A space with excellent acoustics has a minimal echo and controls excess noise from outside sources as well as sources within the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Three common noise issues include excess noise from outside, noise from adjacent spaces, and noise control issues within a space.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Controlling these aspects of sound can help improve indoor environmental quality (IEQ).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Achieving a high level of indoor environmental quality is an important component of residential construction. Adopting sound absorbing materials can enhance indoor acoustics and provide a better quality of life for building residents.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul></ul>\n<h2></h2>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_109\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1718\"]<img class=\"wp-image-109 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Acoustic-Comfort-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Home Entertainment System (Source: Pexel)\" width=\"1718\" height=\"1414\" /> Figure 1 – Home Entertainment System (Source: Pexel)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>How to Improve Acoustic Comfort</h2>\n<p>Reduce unnecessary noises originating from poor insulation by implementing high Sound Transmission Class (STC) walls between high noise areas inside and outside the building. STC is a numerical rating system that measures the ability of a wall, floor, window, or ceiling to minimize sound transmission. Hire an acoustical engineer to achieve the ideal acoustical conditions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p>Noises can also originate from too much reverberation (sound reflecting off various surfaces). Reverberation can be addressed by strategically installing acoustic materials that either absorb or diffuse noise. For example, soft padded furniture helps reduce reverberation and absorb unnecessary noises. It is also worth considering the option of installing carpet or utilizing area rugs in large open areas. In contrast to hard flooring materials such as tile and wood, carpet is particularly effective at reducing noise caused by reverberation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a><span> </span>When choosing carpets and rugs, make sure to select eco-friendly products that are made with natural fibers or recycled material and do not compromise the indoor environmental quality (see<span> </span><em>Sustainable Materials</em>).</p>\n<p>Extraneous and distracting indoor noises may also stem from household heating and cooling equipment. Mechanical equipment such as a building’s HVAC system can become too noisy and undermine indoor comfort.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>An integrated design process is key to achieving a high level of acoustic comfort. Project goals related to security and sustainability, for example, are sometimes perceived to conflict with acoustic goals but involving professionals from those areas of expertise from the start of the project, helps achieve synergistic goals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort can reduce stress, protect the health, and increase occupant satisfaction and productivity by contributing to a more comfortable environment psychologically and acoustically. Sound absorbent materials are especially beneficial in multi-family units to reduce adjacent noises from neighbors.</p>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing strategies to achieve acoustic comfort varies depending on specific project goals and the approach taken. In general, doors, windows, and walls with higher STC ratings are usually more expensive than their traditional counterparts. A primary reason for added costs is that higher-rated STC products typically contain more materials, such as drywall, insulation, and studs. However, a higher STC rating can be achieved in numerous ways, from merely using thicker drywall or increasing the density of insulation, to utilizing specialized products such as soundboards and sound absorbent foams and glues.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Overall, costs are primarily dependent on the construction methods and materials utilized to achieve a higher STC rating.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Acoustic comfort is a critical element of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that affects the health and well-being of building occupants. In the event of a disaster or emergency, a high-quality indoor environment helps protect building occupants and contribute to a built environment that can provide protection and recovery from hazardous events.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Indoor Environmental Quality. <span> </span><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq\">https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq</a><span> </span>(accessed December 26, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a><span> </span>(accessed December 27, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>National Institute of Building Sciences – WBDG.<span> </span><em>Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span></em>September 2018.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic.php?r=ieq</a>  (accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>NAIMA. Insulation Institute.<span> </span><a href=\"https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-homeowner/why-insulate/insulating-for-sound/\">https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-homeowner/why-insulate/insulating-for-sound/</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>International Association of Certified Home Inspectors. Construction Methods and Materials for Noise Control.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nachi.org/noise-control.htm\">https://www.nachi.org/noise-control.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Acoustic Comfort. <span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/acoustic-comfort/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Architect Magazine. Sound Abatement Windows Can Help Make a House Hushed and Healthy.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/products/sound-abatement-windows-can-help-make-a-house-hushed-and-healthy_o\">https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/products/sound-abatement-windows-can-help-make-a-house-hushed-and-healthy_o</a><span> </span>(accessed May 18, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://acousticalsociety.org/\">Acoustical Society of America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://insulationinstitute.org/im-a-building-or-facility-professional/commercial/why-insulate/\">Insulation Institute</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dep/pdf/noise/residential-noise-control-guidance-sheet.pdf\">NYC – DEP Residential Noise Control Guidance Sheet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://standard.wellcertified.com/comfort/sound-barriers\">The Well Building Standard – Comfort Features</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/acoustic-comfort\">Whole Building Design Guide – Acoustic Comfort</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Acoustic Comfort','','inherit','closed','closed','','2030-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 19:46:33','2022-04-19 19:46:33','',2030,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2036',0,'revision','',0),(2037,3,'2022-04-19 20:27:52','2022-04-19 20:27:52','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Entryway Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Entryway Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway or “walk-off” systems are grills, grates, or mats that reduce the amount of dirt, dust, pollen, and other biological and non-biological agents entering a residence.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>As much as 80 percent of the soil, dust and other contaminants found inside a home are tracked in on the shoes of occupants. These substances degrade indoor air quality by exposing building occupants to various irritants. Entryway systems, such as mats, improve IAQ by catching and holding dirt particles and thereby reduce the amount of dirt that enters a dwelling.</p>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_28\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"548\"]<img class=\"wp-image-28 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Entryway-Systems-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- Doormat (Source: Flickr Adam Mulligan http://www.flickr.com/photos/amulligan/175739762/)\" width=\"548\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1- Doormat (Source: Flickr Adam Mulligan http://www.flickr.com/photos/amulligan/175739762/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Entryway Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>Placing doormats at outside entrances help prevents dirt from entering the residence. Shoe racks placed by entry doors can also help minimize soil, dust and other contaminants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Regular entryway maintenance helps reduce contaminants (see<span> </span><em>Green Cleaning</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces contaminants/pollutants in the home</li>\n<li>Reduces cleaning/maintenance costs</li>\n<li>Protects indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Improves indoor environmental quality</li>\n<li>Protects occupant health</li>\n<li>Protects indoor flooring surfaces</li>\n<li>Contributes to the durability of the home</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of entryway systems varies depending on the type of system installed. An entrance mat may cost as little as $4-6/sf. Reducing the amount of dirt and other particles that enter the home can also reduce the time and cost of cleaning.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway systems help protect indoor air quality and the integrity of indoor flooring materials during events that cause wet conditions such as storms and flooding, contributing to the protection of occupants during and following storm events as well as the long-term durability of the home.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Yale University,<span> </span><em>Green Cleaning Standards. <span> </span></em>Published by the Yale Facilities Management Department and The Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE), February 2012.<span> </span><a href=\"https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf\">https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 28th, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rutgers Center for Green Building improving Air Quality: A Guide for Property Owners. December 2018.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Corrine Zudonyi, CleanLink.<span> </span><em>Floor Care, Rolling out the Welcome Mat. <span> </span></em> <a href=\"http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat--8939\">http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat–8939</a><span> </span>(accessed July 28, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/Search?term=Entryway+Systems\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Entryway Systems/Walk-off Mats</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/enhance-indoor-environmental-quality\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Entryway Systems','','publish','closed','closed','','r-entryway-systems-2','','','2022-04-19 20:27:56','2022-04-19 20:27:56','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2037',0,'post','',0),(2039,3,'2022-04-19 20:27:52','2022-04-19 20:27:52','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Entryway Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Entryway Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway or “walk-off” systems are grills, grates, or mats that reduce the amount of dirt, dust, pollen, and other biological and non-biological agents entering a residence.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>As much as 80 percent of the soil, dust and other contaminants found inside a home are tracked in on the shoes of occupants. These substances degrade indoor air quality by exposing building occupants to various irritants. Entryway systems, such as mats, improve IAQ by catching and holding dirt particles and thereby reduce the amount of dirt that enters a dwelling.</p>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_28\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"548\"]<img class=\"wp-image-28 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Entryway-Systems-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- Doormat (Source: Flickr Adam Mulligan http://www.flickr.com/photos/amulligan/175739762/)\" width=\"548\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1- Doormat (Source: Flickr Adam Mulligan http://www.flickr.com/photos/amulligan/175739762/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Entryway Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>Placing doormats at outside entrances help prevents dirt from entering the residence. Shoe racks placed by entry doors can also help minimize soil, dust and other contaminants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Regular entryway maintenance helps reduce contaminants (see<span> </span><em>Green Cleaning</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces contaminants/pollutants in the home</li>\n<li>Reduces cleaning/maintenance costs</li>\n<li>Protects indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Improves indoor environmental quality</li>\n<li>Protects occupant health</li>\n<li>Protects indoor flooring surfaces</li>\n<li>Contributes to the durability of the home</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of entryway systems varies depending on the type of system installed. An entrance mat may cost as little as $4-6/sf. Reducing the amount of dirt and other particles that enter the home can also reduce the time and cost of cleaning.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway systems help protect indoor air quality and the integrity of indoor flooring materials during events that cause wet conditions such as storms and flooding, contributing to the protection of occupants during and following storm events as well as the long-term durability of the home.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Yale University,<span> </span><em>Green Cleaning Standards. <span> </span></em>Published by the Yale Facilities Management Department and The Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE), February 2012.<span> </span><a href=\"https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf\">https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 28th, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rutgers Center for Green Building improving Air Quality: A Guide for Property Owners. December 2018.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Corrine Zudonyi, CleanLink.<span> </span><em>Floor Care, Rolling out the Welcome Mat. <span> </span></em> <a href=\"http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat--8939\">http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat–8939</a><span> </span>(accessed July 28, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/Search?term=Entryway+Systems\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Entryway Systems/Walk-off Mats</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/enhance-indoor-environmental-quality\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Entryway Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','2037-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 20:27:52','2022-04-19 20:27:52','',2037,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2039',0,'revision','',0),(2040,3,'2022-04-19 20:27:52','2022-04-19 20:27:52','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Entryway Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Entryway Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway or “walk-off” systems are grills, grates, or mats that reduce the amount of dirt, dust, pollen, and other biological and non-biological agents entering a residence.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>As much as 80 percent of the soil, dust and other contaminants found inside a home are tracked in on the shoes of occupants. These substances degrade indoor air quality by exposing building occupants to various irritants. Entryway systems, such as mats, improve IAQ by catching and holding dirt particles and thereby reduce the amount of dirt that enters a dwelling.</p>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_28\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"548\"]<img class=\"wp-image-28 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Entryway-Systems-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- Doormat (Source: Flickr Adam Mulligan http://www.flickr.com/photos/amulligan/175739762/)\" width=\"548\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1- Doormat (Source: Flickr Adam Mulligan http://www.flickr.com/photos/amulligan/175739762/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Entryway Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>Placing doormats at outside entrances help prevents dirt from entering the residence. Shoe racks placed by entry doors can also help minimize soil, dust and other contaminants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Regular entryway maintenance helps reduce contaminants (see<span> </span><em>Green Cleaning</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces contaminants/pollutants in the home</li>\n<li>Reduces cleaning/maintenance costs</li>\n<li>Protects indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Improves indoor environmental quality</li>\n<li>Protects occupant health</li>\n<li>Protects indoor flooring surfaces</li>\n<li>Contributes to the durability of the home</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of entryway systems varies depending on the type of system installed. An entrance mat may cost as little as $4-6/sf. Reducing the amount of dirt and other particles that enter the home can also reduce the time and cost of cleaning.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway systems help protect indoor air quality and the integrity of indoor flooring materials during events that cause wet conditions such as storms and flooding, contributing to the protection of occupants during and following storm events as well as the long-term durability of the home.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Yale University,<span> </span><em>Green Cleaning Standards. <span> </span></em>Published by the Yale Facilities Management Department and The Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE), February 2012.<span> </span><a href=\"https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf\">https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 28th, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rutgers Center for Green Building improving Air Quality: A Guide for Property Owners. December 2018.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Corrine Zudonyi, CleanLink.<span> </span><em>Floor Care, Rolling out the Welcome Mat. <span> </span></em> <a href=\"http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat--8939\">http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat–8939</a><span> </span>(accessed July 28, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/Search?term=Entryway+Systems\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Entryway Systems/Walk-off Mats</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/enhance-indoor-environmental-quality\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Acoustic Comfort','','inherit','closed','closed','','2037-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 20:27:52','2022-04-19 20:27:52','',2037,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2040',0,'revision','',0),(2041,3,'2022-04-19 20:27:56','2022-04-19 20:27:56','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Entryway Systems\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Entryway Systems?</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway or “walk-off” systems are grills, grates, or mats that reduce the amount of dirt, dust, pollen, and other biological and non-biological agents entering a residence.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>As much as 80 percent of the soil, dust and other contaminants found inside a home are tracked in on the shoes of occupants. These substances degrade indoor air quality by exposing building occupants to various irritants. Entryway systems, such as mats, improve IAQ by catching and holding dirt particles and thereby reduce the amount of dirt that enters a dwelling.</p>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_28\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"548\"]<img class=\"wp-image-28 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Entryway-Systems-Fig-1-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1- Doormat (Source: Flickr Adam Mulligan http://www.flickr.com/photos/amulligan/175739762/)\" width=\"548\" height=\"412\" /> Figure 1- Doormat (Source: Flickr Adam Mulligan http://www.flickr.com/photos/amulligan/175739762/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Entryway Systems</strong></h2>\n<p>Placing doormats at outside entrances help prevents dirt from entering the residence. Shoe racks placed by entry doors can also help minimize soil, dust and other contaminants.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Regular entryway maintenance helps reduce contaminants (see<span> </span><em>Green Cleaning</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces contaminants/pollutants in the home</li>\n<li>Reduces cleaning/maintenance costs</li>\n<li>Protects indoor air quality</li>\n<li>Improves indoor environmental quality</li>\n<li>Protects occupant health</li>\n<li>Protects indoor flooring surfaces</li>\n<li>Contributes to the durability of the home</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of entryway systems varies depending on the type of system installed. An entrance mat may cost as little as $4-6/sf. Reducing the amount of dirt and other particles that enter the home can also reduce the time and cost of cleaning.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Entryway systems help protect indoor air quality and the integrity of indoor flooring materials during events that cause wet conditions such as storms and flooding, contributing to the protection of occupants during and following storm events as well as the long-term durability of the home.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Yale University,<span> </span><em>Green Cleaning Standards. <span> </span></em>Published by the Yale Facilities Management Department and The Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE), February 2012.<span> </span><a href=\"https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf\">https://stars.aashe.org/media/secure/241/7/652/5915/GreenCleaning.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 28th, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Rutgers Center for Green Building improving Air Quality: A Guide for Property Owners. December 2018.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-entryway-systems-2/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Corrine Zudonyi, CleanLink.<span> </span><em>Floor Care, Rolling out the Welcome Mat. <span> </span></em> <a href=\"http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat--8939\">http://www.cleanlink.com/hs/article/Floor-Care-Rolling-Out-The-Welcome-Mat–8939</a><span> </span>(accessed July 28, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-green-cleaning/\">Green Cleaning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/Search?term=Entryway+Systems\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Entryway Systems/Walk-off Mats</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/enhance-indoor-environmental-quality\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Entryway Systems','','inherit','closed','closed','','2037-revision-v1','','','2022-04-19 20:27:56','2022-04-19 20:27:56','',2037,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2041',0,'revision','',0),(2042,3,'2022-04-21 19:51:33','2022-04-21 19:51:33','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Individual Comfort Controls\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Individual Comfort Controls?</strong></h2>\n<p>Individual comfort controls allow residents to control airflow and temperature in individual rooms or a specific section of the house or residential building. Individual comfort levels vary due to differences in clothing, activity level (metabolic rate), and individual preferences.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span> Temperatures in residential buildings tend to fluctuate considerably in comparison to commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Time of day, type of room (kitchen, bathroom, bedroom), open windows, and what a resident is wearing, eating and drinking, affect what temperature is necessary for optimal comfort.</p>\n<p>ASHRAE Standard 55,<span> </span><em>Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy</em><span> </span>aims to satisfy most of the people, most of the time and combines four of the traditional comfort factors (air temperature, air humidity, radiant temperature, and airspeed) to define comfort ranges for occupants. Satisfying the people who fall outside ASHRAE’s standardized comfort bands requires individualized comfort controls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>ASHRAE Standard 55 specifies conditions for thermal comfort for occupants of buildings, including residential buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>ASHRAE Standard 62.2 is a residential ventilation standard for buildings 3 stories and less.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Individual Comfort Controls</strong></h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://ashrae.org/\">ASHRAE Standard 55</a><span> </span>identifies the factors of thermal comfort and a process for developing comfort criteria. Control strategies can expand beyond basic comfort criteria and allow adjustments to suit individual needs and preferences. For example, individual comfort controls can involve system designs incorporating operable windows, hybrid systems integrating operable windows and mechanical systems, or mechanical systems alone (<em>see Natural Ventilation, Energy-Efficient Windows, and Views and Operable Windows</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Individual adjustments may involve individual thermostat controls, local diffusers at the floor, desk or overhead levels, or control of individual radiant panels, or other means integrated into the overall structure, thermal comfort systems, and energy systems design (<em>see Smart Sensors and Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Daylighting</em>). Individual comfort controls can also refer to lighting controls and automatic daylighting systems and provide occupants with the ability to adjust lighting levels and reduce glare through task lighting or operable shading devices (<em>see Daylighting, and High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</em>).</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.roanoke.edu/inside/a-z_index/residence_life_and_housing/residence_halls/new_residence_hall\">Residence Hall at Roanoke College</a></p>\n<p>A residence hall at Roanoke College in Virginia earned LEED certification and featured rooms with natural lighting and individual controls along with other energy efficiency strategies and sustainable materials.</p>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_91\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"566\"]<img class=\"wp-image-91 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Individual-Comfort-Controls-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – LEED certified residential hall (Source: Roanoke College)\" width=\"566\" height=\"348\" /> Figure 1 – LEED certified residential hall (Source: Roanoke College)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Individual comfort controls:<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></sup></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improve thermal comfort for individual occupants.</li>\n<li>Improve air movement and ventilation effectiveness; a cleaner environment.</li>\n<li>Improve task lighting and reduce glare and heat gain.</li>\n<li>Reduce building energy use.</li>\n<li>Lower building operating costs.</li>\n<li>Improve occupant satisfaction.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing a system that allows for individual comfort controls vary by project but is usually most cost-effective when incorporated through an integrated design process (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Often viewed as a soft or intangible benefit, incorporating energy efficient systems can increase thermal comfort and reduce costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>For example, a programmable thermostat is estimated to save 10% per year on heating and cooling costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>If the power does not go out during emergencies and severe weather events, occupants can maintain control of the temperature and ventilation of specific areas within a building with individual controls, thus improving comfort. Individual comfort controls can decrease overall energy use and improve occupant comfort, health, and well-being, all of which can contribute to resiliency through helping occupants and communities withstand and recover from disruptions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>UC Berkeley.<span> </span><em>Thermal Comfort in UFAD Systems.</em><span> </span><a href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/thermalcomfort.htm\">http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/thermalcomfort.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Leen Peeters, “Thermal Comfort in Residential Buildings: Comfort Values and Scales for Building Energy Simulation.” Applied Energy 86-5 (2009).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>ASHRAE Standard.<span> </span><em>Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.</em><span> </span><em><a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/bookstore/standard-55-thermal-environmental-conditions-for-human-occupancy\">https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/bookstore/standard-55-thermal-environmental-conditions-for-human-occupancy</a></em><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Bean R.E, T., P.L., Robert and Rodrigo Mora. “Prioritizing Thermal Comfort for Homes.” ASHRAE Journal 60-9 (September 2018)<span> </span><a href=\"https://commons.bcit.ca/besys/files/2018/09/Prioritizing-thermal-comfort-for-homes-Bean-Mora-ASHRAE-Journal-September-2018.pdf\">https://commons.bcit.ca/besys/files/2018/09/Prioritizing-thermal-comfort-for-homes-Bean-Mora-ASHRAE-Journal-September-2018.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed January 27, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Berkeley Lab. Residential Building Systems. ASHRAE Standard 62.2<span> </span><a href=\"https://homes.lbl.gov/ventilate-right/ashrae-standard-622\">https://homes.lbl.gov/ventilate-right/ashrae-standard-622</a><span> </span>(accessed January 27, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Stanford University.<span> </span><em>EQ Credit 6.2: Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort.<span> </span></em><a href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/class/cee115/wiki/uploads/Main/StudentGroup2NewBuildingAnalyisBillingsMilleaVictorsson/BillingsEQcredit6_2.pdf\">https://web.stanford.edu/class/cee115/wiki/uploads/Main/StudentGroup2NewBuildingAnalyisBillingsMilleaVictorsson/BillingsEQcredit6_2.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>UC Berkeley Center for the Built Environment.<span> </span><em>Task/Ambient Conditioning Systems.<span> </span></em><a href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/tacguidelines.htm\">http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/tacguidelines.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Fang, Xia., Marcus V. Bianchi, and Craig Christensen. National Renewable Energy Laboratory.<span> </span><em>Monetization of Thermal Comfort in Residential Buildings.</em><span> </span><a href=\"https://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2012/data/papers/0193-000019.pdf\">https://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2012/data/papers/0193-000019.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed January 27, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Resolve to Save Energy This Year.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/resolve-save-energy-year\">https://www.energy.gov/articles/resolve-save-energy-year</a><span> </span>(accessed January 27, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Occupant Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/242/occupant-comfort\">https://sftool.gov/learn/about/242/occupant-comfort</a><span> </span>(accessed January 19, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/research/research_ieq.htm\">UC Berkeley Center for the Built Environment – Research on Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Individual Comfort Controls','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-individual-comfort-controls','','','2022-04-21 19:51:37','2022-04-21 19:51:37','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2042',0,'post','',0),(2044,2,'2022-04-21 14:24:53','2022-04-21 14:24:53','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Existing Commercial Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the greening of existing commercial buildings, which continue to represent untapped potential in common green building areas such as energy efficiency, environmental performance, indoor air quality, and occupant comfort.</p>\n<p>The Manual organizes existing commercial building upgrade strategies by focus areas such as “energy &amp; resilience” or “environment &amp; health.” Each strategy includes a short explanation or definition, implementation recommendations, New Jersey specific examples (when available), and sections on strategy benefits, costs, resiliency (if applicable), and additional resources.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Planning & Site Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-life-cycle-costs-analysis-lcca/\">Life-Cycle-Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-re-commissioning/\">Re-Commissioning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-composting/\">Composting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-site-and-stormwater-management/\">Site and Stormwater Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf5ba;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" hover_enabled=\"0\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Energy <br />&amp; Resilience</h2>[/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Envelope\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf17a;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-exterior-walls/\">Exterior Wall Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-roof-replacements-and-upgrades/\">Roof Replacement and Upgrades</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Lighting\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0eb;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-light-pollution-reduction/\">Light Pollution Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"HVAC\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-chilled-beams/\">Chilled Beams</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-demand-control-ventilation/\">Demand Control Ventilation (DCV)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-variable-frequency-drives/\">Variable Frequency Drives (VFD)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy Supply\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-combined-heat-and-power-chp/\">Combined Heat and Power (CHP)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-green-power/\">Green Power</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-thermal-energy-storage/\">Thermal Energy Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-on-site-renewable-energy-systems/\">On-site Renewable Energy and Geothermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Back-up Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf242;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Environment & Health\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf21e;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Waste & Materials\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Air Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Occupant Health and Productivity\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf406;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf201;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" hover_enabled=\"0\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Building<br />Performance</h2>[/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf274;||fa||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Evaluation\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"4\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','Existing Commercial','','inherit','closed','closed','','1013-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 14:24:53','2022-04-21 14:24:53','',1013,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2044',0,'revision','',0),(2047,3,'2022-04-21 19:51:33','2022-04-21 19:51:33','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Individual Comfort Controls\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What are Individual Comfort Controls?</strong></h2>\n<p>Individual comfort controls allow residents to control airflow and temperature in individual rooms or a specific section of the house or residential building. Individual comfort levels vary due to differences in clothing, activity level (metabolic rate), and individual preferences.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span> Temperatures in residential buildings tend to fluctuate considerably in comparison to commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Time of day, type of room (kitchen, bathroom, bedroom), open windows, and what a resident is wearing, eating and drinking, affect what temperature is necessary for optimal comfort.</p>\n<p>ASHRAE Standard 55,<span> </span><em>Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy</em><span> </span>aims to satisfy most of the people, most of the time and combines four of the traditional comfort factors (air temperature, air humidity, radiant temperature, and airspeed) to define comfort ranges for occupants. Satisfying the people who fall outside ASHRAE’s standardized comfort bands requires individualized comfort controls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>ASHRAE Standard 55 specifies conditions for thermal comfort for occupants of buildings, including residential buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a><span> </span>ASHRAE Standard 62.2 is a residential ventilation standard for buildings 3 stories and less.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Individual Comfort Controls</strong></h2>\n<p><a href=\"http://ashrae.org/\">ASHRAE Standard 55</a><span> </span>identifies the factors of thermal comfort and a process for developing comfort criteria. Control strategies can expand beyond basic comfort criteria and allow adjustments to suit individual needs and preferences. For example, individual comfort controls can involve system designs incorporating operable windows, hybrid systems integrating operable windows and mechanical systems, or mechanical systems alone (<em>see Natural Ventilation, Energy-Efficient Windows, and Views and Operable Windows</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Individual adjustments may involve individual thermostat controls, local diffusers at the floor, desk or overhead levels, or control of individual radiant panels, or other means integrated into the overall structure, thermal comfort systems, and energy systems design (<em>see Smart Sensors and Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Daylighting</em>). Individual comfort controls can also refer to lighting controls and automatic daylighting systems and provide occupants with the ability to adjust lighting levels and reduce glare through task lighting or operable shading devices (<em>see Daylighting, and High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</em>).</p>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.roanoke.edu/inside/a-z_index/residence_life_and_housing/residence_halls/new_residence_hall\">Residence Hall at Roanoke College</a></p>\n<p>A residence hall at Roanoke College in Virginia earned LEED certification and featured rooms with natural lighting and individual controls along with other energy efficiency strategies and sustainable materials.</p>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_91\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"566\"]<img class=\"wp-image-91 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Individual-Comfort-Controls-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – LEED certified residential hall (Source: Roanoke College)\" width=\"566\" height=\"348\" /> Figure 1 – LEED certified residential hall (Source: Roanoke College)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Individual comfort controls:<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></sup></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improve thermal comfort for individual occupants.</li>\n<li>Improve air movement and ventilation effectiveness; a cleaner environment.</li>\n<li>Improve task lighting and reduce glare and heat gain.</li>\n<li>Reduce building energy use.</li>\n<li>Lower building operating costs.</li>\n<li>Improve occupant satisfaction.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of implementing a system that allows for individual comfort controls vary by project but is usually most cost-effective when incorporated through an integrated design process (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Often viewed as a soft or intangible benefit, incorporating energy efficient systems can increase thermal comfort and reduce costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>For example, a programmable thermostat is estimated to save 10% per year on heating and cooling costs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>If the power does not go out during emergencies and severe weather events, occupants can maintain control of the temperature and ventilation of specific areas within a building with individual controls, thus improving comfort. Individual comfort controls can decrease overall energy use and improve occupant comfort, health, and well-being, all of which can contribute to resiliency through helping occupants and communities withstand and recover from disruptions.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>UC Berkeley.<span> </span><em>Thermal Comfort in UFAD Systems.</em><span> </span><a href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/thermalcomfort.htm\">http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/thermalcomfort.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Leen Peeters, “Thermal Comfort in Residential Buildings: Comfort Values and Scales for Building Energy Simulation.” Applied Energy 86-5 (2009).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>ASHRAE Standard.<span> </span><em>Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.</em><span> </span><em><a href=\"https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/bookstore/standard-55-thermal-environmental-conditions-for-human-occupancy\">https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/bookstore/standard-55-thermal-environmental-conditions-for-human-occupancy</a></em><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>Bean R.E, T., P.L., Robert and Rodrigo Mora. “Prioritizing Thermal Comfort for Homes.” ASHRAE Journal 60-9 (September 2018)<span> </span><a href=\"https://commons.bcit.ca/besys/files/2018/09/Prioritizing-thermal-comfort-for-homes-Bean-Mora-ASHRAE-Journal-September-2018.pdf\">https://commons.bcit.ca/besys/files/2018/09/Prioritizing-thermal-comfort-for-homes-Bean-Mora-ASHRAE-Journal-September-2018.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed January 27, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Berkeley Lab. Residential Building Systems. ASHRAE Standard 62.2<span> </span><a href=\"https://homes.lbl.gov/ventilate-right/ashrae-standard-622\">https://homes.lbl.gov/ventilate-right/ashrae-standard-622</a><span> </span>(accessed January 27, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Stanford University.<span> </span><em>EQ Credit 6.2: Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort.<span> </span></em><a href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/class/cee115/wiki/uploads/Main/StudentGroup2NewBuildingAnalyisBillingsMilleaVictorsson/BillingsEQcredit6_2.pdf\">https://web.stanford.edu/class/cee115/wiki/uploads/Main/StudentGroup2NewBuildingAnalyisBillingsMilleaVictorsson/BillingsEQcredit6_2.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>UC Berkeley Center for the Built Environment.<span> </span><em>Task/Ambient Conditioning Systems.<span> </span></em><a href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/tacguidelines.htm\">http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/tacguidelines.htm</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Fang, Xia., Marcus V. Bianchi, and Craig Christensen. National Renewable Energy Laboratory.<span> </span><em>Monetization of Thermal Comfort in Residential Buildings.</em><span> </span><a href=\"https://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2012/data/papers/0193-000019.pdf\">https://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2012/data/papers/0193-000019.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed January 27, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>US DOE. Resolve to Save Energy This Year.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/articles/resolve-save-energy-year\">https://www.energy.gov/articles/resolve-save-energy-year</a><span> </span>(accessed January 27, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Occupant Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/learn/about/242/occupant-comfort\">https://sftool.gov/learn/about/242/occupant-comfort</a><span> </span>(accessed January 19, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/research/research_ieq.htm\">UC Berkeley Center for the Built Environment – Research on Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Individual Comfort Controls','','inherit','closed','closed','','2042-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 19:51:33','2022-04-21 19:51:33','',2042,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2047',0,'revision','',0),(2049,3,'2022-04-21 19:53:32','2022-04-21 19:53:32','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Moisture Control\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Moisture Control?</strong></h2>\n<p>Moisture control is a strategy to minimize excessive moisture in the indoor environment. Excess moisture is at the center of many problems related to building durability and indoor air quality in all types of buildings in a wide range of climates. Excessive moisture in buildings can result from many causes:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rainwater leaks through roofs and walls</li>\n<li>Leakage of moist air</li>\n<li>Diffusion of moisture through walls, roofs, and floors</li>\n<li>Groundwater intrusion into basements and crawl spaces through walls and floors</li>\n<li>Leaking or burst water pipes</li>\n<li>Indoor moisture sources</li>\n<li>Construction moisture</li>\n</ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_125\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-125 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Moisture-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"1300\" height=\"512\" /> Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Moisture problems can lead to the growth of mold and mildew; individuals with allergies and other respiratory issues can be sensitive to mold and mildew spores in the air. Mold and mildew are part of the natural environment and are present in the air; however, they become an issue when their concentrations become high. It is challenging to prevent any mold or mildew growth, or to eliminate it; however, it is possible to control their presence within acceptable limits. In addition to mold, other microorganisms (e.g., bacteria), as well as pests (e.g., mites, cockroaches, and insects) that are known to infest buildings also depend on moisture to survive. Excessively high moisture content in thermal insulation can also reduce the effectiveness of insulation by as much as 50%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Implementing moisture control can both protect structures from rot and deterioration and protect occupants from exposure to mold and bacteria.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the following are primary causes of indoor moisture problems in new buildings:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of building materials that are repeatedly or deeply wetted before the structure. is fully enclosed.</li>\n<li>Poor control of rain and snow resulting in roof and flashing leaks.</li>\n<li>Wet or damp construction cavities.</li>\n<li>Moisture-laden outdoor air entering the structure.</li>\n<li>Condensation on cool surfaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Moisture Control</strong></h2>\n<p>Proper construction of the envelope to reduce the migration of warm and humid air from entering the wall and other cavities is critical for controlling moisture. The envelope is the physical barrier between indoors and outdoors that encloses the structure, including the foundation, roof, floor, ceiling, and walls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Specific recommendations include proper use of vapor retarders on the warm, humid side of the insulation, using vapor barriers to isolate concrete slabs from moist soil, adequate ventilation of areas where moisture can accumulate, and ensuring proper flashing around windows, rooflines, and capillary breaks on footings.</p>\n<p>Key strategies for reducing moisture in new construction include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keeping construction material dry before installation (and drying any materials that get wet within 24-48 hours).</li>\n<li>Designing roof systems that prevent the accumulation of moisture from rain and snow from penetrating roof surfaces.</li>\n<li>Ensuring fresh air intakes for ventilation system have outwardly sloped louvers to reduce the introduction of water during rainfall.</li>\n<li>Grading the soil around the residence to move water away from the structure, reducing moisture seepage into foundation walls, and avoiding the addition of large areas of impervious surfaces (which can increase the cost and size of stormwater management systems).</li>\n<li>Incorporating covered entryways to reduce moisture introduction during wet weather.</li>\n<li>Right-sizing HVAC systems so that they operate long enough to reduce airborne humidity.</li>\n<li>Using dehumidifiers.</li>\n<li>Insulating ductwork, refrigeration and water lines to minimize condensation problems.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://eamenergy.com/our-projects/leed-for-homes-casestudies/\">The Harrison Residence, Westfield, NJ</a></p>\n<p>This residential project achieved LEED for Homes Gold certification and included an excellent indoor environmental score in part due to comprehensive HVAC design that included moisture control measures.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the longevity of the structure, materials, and systems</li>\n<li>Reduces the costs of replacing or repairing materials and systems</li>\n<li>Protects the health of building occupants</li>\n<li>Reduces life-cycle costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In addition to contributing to poor indoor air quality, excessive moisture can lead to structural damage, deterioration of the performance of building systems and components, and cosmetic damage, all of which can result in increased maintenance and repair costs. Designing for effective moisture management protects occupant health and can lower facility maintenance costs over the lifetime of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategies such as complete waterproofing up to the design flood elevation, using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can all contribute to more resilient structures. Incorporating moisture control measures such as these into new construction can help develop a built environment that endures and recovers from hazardous events such as storms and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA – Moisture Control, Part of Indoor Air Quality Design Tools for Schools<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools\">https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>USDOE. Better Buildings Initiative. Building Envelope.<span> </span><a href=\"https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope\">https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope</a><span> </span>(accessed November 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a>US EPA. Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction, and Maintenance.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>The National Academies Press. Building Envelope, Moisture Management, and Health.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25\">http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=moisture+control\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/i-beam/text/renovation_new_construction.html\">IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.shelterecology.com/articles/art_Moisture.html\">Moisture Control in Buildings: Putting Building Science in Green Building</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/ceohs/environmental-occupational/mold/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health – Environmental and Indoor Health</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-quality-offices-and-other-large-buildings\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality in Offices and Other Large Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">US EPA Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction and Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/mold/topics-related-mold-and-moisture\">US EPA – Topics Related to Mold and Moisture</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/moisture-control\">US EPA – Weatherize – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">Whole Building Design Guide – Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/promote_health.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Promote Health and Well-Being</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Moisture Control','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-moisture-control','','','2022-04-21 19:53:35','2022-04-21 19:53:35','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2049',0,'post','',0),(2051,3,'2022-04-21 19:53:32','2022-04-21 19:53:32','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Moisture Control\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Moisture Control?</strong></h2>\n<p>Moisture control is a strategy to minimize excessive moisture in the indoor environment. Excess moisture is at the center of many problems related to building durability and indoor air quality in all types of buildings in a wide range of climates. Excessive moisture in buildings can result from many causes:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rainwater leaks through roofs and walls</li>\n<li>Leakage of moist air</li>\n<li>Diffusion of moisture through walls, roofs, and floors</li>\n<li>Groundwater intrusion into basements and crawl spaces through walls and floors</li>\n<li>Leaking or burst water pipes</li>\n<li>Indoor moisture sources</li>\n<li>Construction moisture</li>\n</ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_125\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-125 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Moisture-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"1300\" height=\"512\" /> Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Moisture problems can lead to the growth of mold and mildew; individuals with allergies and other respiratory issues can be sensitive to mold and mildew spores in the air. Mold and mildew are part of the natural environment and are present in the air; however, they become an issue when their concentrations become high. It is challenging to prevent any mold or mildew growth, or to eliminate it; however, it is possible to control their presence within acceptable limits. In addition to mold, other microorganisms (e.g., bacteria), as well as pests (e.g., mites, cockroaches, and insects) that are known to infest buildings also depend on moisture to survive. Excessively high moisture content in thermal insulation can also reduce the effectiveness of insulation by as much as 50%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Implementing moisture control can both protect structures from rot and deterioration and protect occupants from exposure to mold and bacteria.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the following are primary causes of indoor moisture problems in new buildings:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of building materials that are repeatedly or deeply wetted before the structure. is fully enclosed.</li>\n<li>Poor control of rain and snow resulting in roof and flashing leaks.</li>\n<li>Wet or damp construction cavities.</li>\n<li>Moisture-laden outdoor air entering the structure.</li>\n<li>Condensation on cool surfaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Moisture Control</strong></h2>\n<p>Proper construction of the envelope to reduce the migration of warm and humid air from entering the wall and other cavities is critical for controlling moisture. The envelope is the physical barrier between indoors and outdoors that encloses the structure, including the foundation, roof, floor, ceiling, and walls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Specific recommendations include proper use of vapor retarders on the warm, humid side of the insulation, using vapor barriers to isolate concrete slabs from moist soil, adequate ventilation of areas where moisture can accumulate, and ensuring proper flashing around windows, rooflines, and capillary breaks on footings.</p>\n<p>Key strategies for reducing moisture in new construction include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keeping construction material dry before installation (and drying any materials that get wet within 24-48 hours).</li>\n<li>Designing roof systems that prevent the accumulation of moisture from rain and snow from penetrating roof surfaces.</li>\n<li>Ensuring fresh air intakes for ventilation system have outwardly sloped louvers to reduce the introduction of water during rainfall.</li>\n<li>Grading the soil around the residence to move water away from the structure, reducing moisture seepage into foundation walls, and avoiding the addition of large areas of impervious surfaces (which can increase the cost and size of stormwater management systems).</li>\n<li>Incorporating covered entryways to reduce moisture introduction during wet weather.</li>\n<li>Right-sizing HVAC systems so that they operate long enough to reduce airborne humidity.</li>\n<li>Using dehumidifiers.</li>\n<li>Insulating ductwork, refrigeration and water lines to minimize condensation problems.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://eamenergy.com/our-projects/leed-for-homes-casestudies/\">The Harrison Residence, Westfield, NJ</a></p>\n<p>This residential project achieved LEED for Homes Gold certification and included an excellent indoor environmental score in part due to comprehensive HVAC design that included moisture control measures.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the longevity of the structure, materials, and systems</li>\n<li>Reduces the costs of replacing or repairing materials and systems</li>\n<li>Protects the health of building occupants</li>\n<li>Reduces life-cycle costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In addition to contributing to poor indoor air quality, excessive moisture can lead to structural damage, deterioration of the performance of building systems and components, and cosmetic damage, all of which can result in increased maintenance and repair costs. Designing for effective moisture management protects occupant health and can lower facility maintenance costs over the lifetime of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategies such as complete waterproofing up to the design flood elevation, using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can all contribute to more resilient structures. Incorporating moisture control measures such as these into new construction can help develop a built environment that endures and recovers from hazardous events such as storms and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA – Moisture Control, Part of Indoor Air Quality Design Tools for Schools<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools\">https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>USDOE. Better Buildings Initiative. Building Envelope.<span> </span><a href=\"https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope\">https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope</a><span> </span>(accessed November 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a>US EPA. Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction, and Maintenance.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>The National Academies Press. Building Envelope, Moisture Management, and Health.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25\">http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=moisture+control\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/i-beam/text/renovation_new_construction.html\">IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.shelterecology.com/articles/art_Moisture.html\">Moisture Control in Buildings: Putting Building Science in Green Building</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/ceohs/environmental-occupational/mold/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health – Environmental and Indoor Health</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-quality-offices-and-other-large-buildings\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality in Offices and Other Large Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">US EPA Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction and Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/mold/topics-related-mold-and-moisture\">US EPA – Topics Related to Mold and Moisture</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/moisture-control\">US EPA – Weatherize – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">Whole Building Design Guide – Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/promote_health.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Promote Health and Well-Being</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Moisture Control','','inherit','closed','closed','','2049-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 19:53:32','2022-04-21 19:53:32','',2049,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2051',0,'revision','',0),(2052,3,'2022-04-21 19:53:32','2022-04-21 19:53:32','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Moisture Control\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Moisture Control?</strong></h2>\n<p>Moisture control is a strategy to minimize excessive moisture in the indoor environment. Excess moisture is at the center of many problems related to building durability and indoor air quality in all types of buildings in a wide range of climates. Excessive moisture in buildings can result from many causes:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rainwater leaks through roofs and walls</li>\n<li>Leakage of moist air</li>\n<li>Diffusion of moisture through walls, roofs, and floors</li>\n<li>Groundwater intrusion into basements and crawl spaces through walls and floors</li>\n<li>Leaking or burst water pipes</li>\n<li>Indoor moisture sources</li>\n<li>Construction moisture</li>\n</ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_125\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-125 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Moisture-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"1300\" height=\"512\" /> Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Moisture problems can lead to the growth of mold and mildew; individuals with allergies and other respiratory issues can be sensitive to mold and mildew spores in the air. Mold and mildew are part of the natural environment and are present in the air; however, they become an issue when their concentrations become high. It is challenging to prevent any mold or mildew growth, or to eliminate it; however, it is possible to control their presence within acceptable limits. In addition to mold, other microorganisms (e.g., bacteria), as well as pests (e.g., mites, cockroaches, and insects) that are known to infest buildings also depend on moisture to survive. Excessively high moisture content in thermal insulation can also reduce the effectiveness of insulation by as much as 50%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Implementing moisture control can both protect structures from rot and deterioration and protect occupants from exposure to mold and bacteria.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the following are primary causes of indoor moisture problems in new buildings:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of building materials that are repeatedly or deeply wetted before the structure. is fully enclosed.</li>\n<li>Poor control of rain and snow resulting in roof and flashing leaks.</li>\n<li>Wet or damp construction cavities.</li>\n<li>Moisture-laden outdoor air entering the structure.</li>\n<li>Condensation on cool surfaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Moisture Control</strong></h2>\n<p>Proper construction of the envelope to reduce the migration of warm and humid air from entering the wall and other cavities is critical for controlling moisture. The envelope is the physical barrier between indoors and outdoors that encloses the structure, including the foundation, roof, floor, ceiling, and walls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Specific recommendations include proper use of vapor retarders on the warm, humid side of the insulation, using vapor barriers to isolate concrete slabs from moist soil, adequate ventilation of areas where moisture can accumulate, and ensuring proper flashing around windows, rooflines, and capillary breaks on footings.</p>\n<p>Key strategies for reducing moisture in new construction include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keeping construction material dry before installation (and drying any materials that get wet within 24-48 hours).</li>\n<li>Designing roof systems that prevent the accumulation of moisture from rain and snow from penetrating roof surfaces.</li>\n<li>Ensuring fresh air intakes for ventilation system have outwardly sloped louvers to reduce the introduction of water during rainfall.</li>\n<li>Grading the soil around the residence to move water away from the structure, reducing moisture seepage into foundation walls, and avoiding the addition of large areas of impervious surfaces (which can increase the cost and size of stormwater management systems).</li>\n<li>Incorporating covered entryways to reduce moisture introduction during wet weather.</li>\n<li>Right-sizing HVAC systems so that they operate long enough to reduce airborne humidity.</li>\n<li>Using dehumidifiers.</li>\n<li>Insulating ductwork, refrigeration and water lines to minimize condensation problems.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://eamenergy.com/our-projects/leed-for-homes-casestudies/\">The Harrison Residence, Westfield, NJ</a></p>\n<p>This residential project achieved LEED for Homes Gold certification and included an excellent indoor environmental score in part due to comprehensive HVAC design that included moisture control measures.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the longevity of the structure, materials, and systems</li>\n<li>Reduces the costs of replacing or repairing materials and systems</li>\n<li>Protects the health of building occupants</li>\n<li>Reduces life-cycle costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In addition to contributing to poor indoor air quality, excessive moisture can lead to structural damage, deterioration of the performance of building systems and components, and cosmetic damage, all of which can result in increased maintenance and repair costs. Designing for effective moisture management protects occupant health and can lower facility maintenance costs over the lifetime of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategies such as complete waterproofing up to the design flood elevation, using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can all contribute to more resilient structures. Incorporating moisture control measures such as these into new construction can help develop a built environment that endures and recovers from hazardous events such as storms and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA – Moisture Control, Part of Indoor Air Quality Design Tools for Schools<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools\">https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>USDOE. Better Buildings Initiative. Building Envelope.<span> </span><a href=\"https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope\">https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope</a><span> </span>(accessed November 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a>US EPA. Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction, and Maintenance.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>The National Academies Press. Building Envelope, Moisture Management, and Health.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25\">http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=moisture+control\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/i-beam/text/renovation_new_construction.html\">IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.shelterecology.com/articles/art_Moisture.html\">Moisture Control in Buildings: Putting Building Science in Green Building</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/ceohs/environmental-occupational/mold/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health – Environmental and Indoor Health</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-quality-offices-and-other-large-buildings\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality in Offices and Other Large Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">US EPA Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction and Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/mold/topics-related-mold-and-moisture\">US EPA – Topics Related to Mold and Moisture</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/moisture-control\">US EPA – Weatherize – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">Whole Building Design Guide – Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/promote_health.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Promote Health and Well-Being</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Individual Comfort Controls','','inherit','closed','closed','','2049-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 19:53:32','2022-04-21 19:53:32','',2049,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2052',0,'revision','',0),(2054,3,'2022-04-21 19:53:35','2022-04-21 19:53:35','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Moisture Control\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong>What is Moisture Control?</strong></h2>\n<p>Moisture control is a strategy to minimize excessive moisture in the indoor environment. Excess moisture is at the center of many problems related to building durability and indoor air quality in all types of buildings in a wide range of climates. Excessive moisture in buildings can result from many causes:<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rainwater leaks through roofs and walls</li>\n<li>Leakage of moist air</li>\n<li>Diffusion of moisture through walls, roofs, and floors</li>\n<li>Groundwater intrusion into basements and crawl spaces through walls and floors</li>\n<li>Leaking or burst water pipes</li>\n<li>Indoor moisture sources</li>\n<li>Construction moisture</li>\n</ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_125\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-125 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NR-Moisture-Control-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"1300\" height=\"512\" /> Figure 1 – Humidity can lead to mold. ( Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Moisture problems can lead to the growth of mold and mildew; individuals with allergies and other respiratory issues can be sensitive to mold and mildew spores in the air. Mold and mildew are part of the natural environment and are present in the air; however, they become an issue when their concentrations become high. It is challenging to prevent any mold or mildew growth, or to eliminate it; however, it is possible to control their presence within acceptable limits. In addition to mold, other microorganisms (e.g., bacteria), as well as pests (e.g., mites, cockroaches, and insects) that are known to infest buildings also depend on moisture to survive. Excessively high moisture content in thermal insulation can also reduce the effectiveness of insulation by as much as 50%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Implementing moisture control can both protect structures from rot and deterioration and protect occupants from exposure to mold and bacteria.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the following are primary causes of indoor moisture problems in new buildings:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of building materials that are repeatedly or deeply wetted before the structure. is fully enclosed.</li>\n<li>Poor control of rain and snow resulting in roof and flashing leaks.</li>\n<li>Wet or damp construction cavities.</li>\n<li>Moisture-laden outdoor air entering the structure.</li>\n<li>Condensation on cool surfaces.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Moisture Control</strong></h2>\n<p>Proper construction of the envelope to reduce the migration of warm and humid air from entering the wall and other cavities is critical for controlling moisture. The envelope is the physical barrier between indoors and outdoors that encloses the structure, including the foundation, roof, floor, ceiling, and walls.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>Specific recommendations include proper use of vapor retarders on the warm, humid side of the insulation, using vapor barriers to isolate concrete slabs from moist soil, adequate ventilation of areas where moisture can accumulate, and ensuring proper flashing around windows, rooflines, and capillary breaks on footings.</p>\n<p>Key strategies for reducing moisture in new construction include:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keeping construction material dry before installation (and drying any materials that get wet within 24-48 hours).</li>\n<li>Designing roof systems that prevent the accumulation of moisture from rain and snow from penetrating roof surfaces.</li>\n<li>Ensuring fresh air intakes for ventilation system have outwardly sloped louvers to reduce the introduction of water during rainfall.</li>\n<li>Grading the soil around the residence to move water away from the structure, reducing moisture seepage into foundation walls, and avoiding the addition of large areas of impervious surfaces (which can increase the cost and size of stormwater management systems).</li>\n<li>Incorporating covered entryways to reduce moisture introduction during wet weather.</li>\n<li>Right-sizing HVAC systems so that they operate long enough to reduce airborne humidity.</li>\n<li>Using dehumidifiers.</li>\n<li>Insulating ductwork, refrigeration and water lines to minimize condensation problems.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Example</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://eamenergy.com/our-projects/leed-for-homes-casestudies/\">The Harrison Residence, Westfield, NJ</a></p>\n<p>This residential project achieved LEED for Homes Gold certification and included an excellent indoor environmental score in part due to comprehensive HVAC design that included moisture control measures.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases the longevity of the structure, materials, and systems</li>\n<li>Reduces the costs of replacing or repairing materials and systems</li>\n<li>Protects the health of building occupants</li>\n<li>Reduces life-cycle costs</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>In addition to contributing to poor indoor air quality, excessive moisture can lead to structural damage, deterioration of the performance of building systems and components, and cosmetic damage, all of which can result in increased maintenance and repair costs. Designing for effective moisture management protects occupant health and can lower facility maintenance costs over the lifetime of the structure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Strategies such as complete waterproofing up to the design flood elevation, using moisture protective and inherent moisture-wicking materials, as well as materials resistant to excessive humidity such as glazed brick, concrete, stone, and decay-resistant lumber can all contribute to more resilient structures. Incorporating moisture control measures such as these into new construction can help develop a built environment that endures and recovers from hazardous events such as storms and flooding.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Mold and Moisture Dynamics<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/moisturedynamics.php?r=promote_health</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA – Moisture Control, Part of Indoor Air Quality Design Tools for Schools<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools\">https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/moisture-control-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools-schools</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>USDOE. Better Buildings Initiative. Building Envelope.<span> </span><a href=\"https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope\">https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/building-envelope</a><span> </span>(accessed November 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a>US EPA. Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction, and Maintenance.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>The National Academies Press. Building Envelope, Moisture Management, and Health.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25\">http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11574&amp;page=25</a><span> </span>(accessed May 21, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-moisture-control/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations</a><span> </span>(accessed December 1, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov/search?Query=moisture+control\">General Services Administration – Sustainable Facilities Tool – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/i-beam/text/renovation_new_construction.html\">IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.shelterecology.com/articles/art_Moisture.html\">Moisture Control in Buildings: Putting Building Science in Green Building</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.state.nj.us/health/ceohs/environmental-occupational/mold/index.shtml\">NJ Department of Health – Environmental and Indoor Health</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-quality-offices-and-other-large-buildings\">US EPA Indoor Air Quality in Offices and Other Large Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/moisture-control.pdf\">US EPA Moisture Control for Building Design, Construction and Maintenance</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/mold/topics-related-mold-and-moisture\">US EPA – Topics Related to Mold and Moisture</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/moisture-control\">US EPA – Weatherize – Moisture Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hazard-specific-building-resilience-considerations\">Whole Building Design Guide – Hazard-Specific Building-Resilience Considerations</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/promote_health.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Promote Health and Well-Being</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Moisture Control','','inherit','closed','closed','','2049-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 19:53:35','2022-04-21 19:53:35','',2049,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2054',0,'revision','',0),(2055,3,'2022-04-21 19:55:46','2022-04-21 19:55:46','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Views and Operable Windows\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What are Views and Operable Windows? </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor environments impact occupant well-being and productivity. Aspects of the indoor environment such as access to views and natural light, connection to nature, and personal control over environmental conditions all play a role in occupant comfort (see<span> </span><em><i>Individual Comfort Controls</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Access to views of the outside contributes to occupant well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Many studies have found that people value daylight and prefer to be near windows, and there is a growing understanding that being near a window can be psychologically and physiologically beneficial, mainly if views contain natural features. Visual contact with nature through window views enhances mood, reduces stress, and promotes a higher quality of life (see<span> </span><em><i>Biophilic Design</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>A study by Roger Ulrich compared postoperative recovery rates of patients experiencing similar surgical procedures but having different window views of trees and a lake, no window views, or a view of a brick wall. The study found that the window view patients recovered significantly faster, required less pharmaceutical assistance, and had fewer post-operative complications, supporting the idea that enhanced opportunities for emotionally bonding with nature promote feelings of calm, confidence, and personal well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Operable windows can increase occupant comfort and provide psychological benefits through natural ventilation, connection to natural elements and individual control over the indoor environment (see<span> </span><em><i>Natural Ventilation</i></em>). Operable windows can also contribute to improved indoor air quality, depending on the quality of the outdoor air. Monitor outdoor air quality through resources such as the US EPA “Air Now” online tool (<a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/flag.\">airnow.gov</a>) that lists air quality conditions by zip code.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul></ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_476\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"538\"]<img class=\"wp-image-476 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NR-Views-and-Operable-Windows-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Window with a view of natural features (Source: Flickr Saad Kadhi).\" width=\"538\" height=\"360\" /> Figure 1 – Window with a view of natural features (Source: Flickr Saad Kadhi).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Incorporate Views and Operable Windows</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The factors that define indoor environmental quality connect directly to each other. For example, the decision about the placement or type of window can impact access to natural light, connection to the outdoors, acoustics, thermal comfort, occupant control, and air quality (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy-Efficient Windows</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>It is essential to consider all of these components in the design phase of a project. There are many resources available regarding design steps to consider for the placement of operable windows and to optimize views (see<span> </span><strong><b>Resources<span> </span></b></strong>section).</p>\n<p>Typically homes have operable windows that provide homeowners with the option of opening and closing the windows.  With double glazed windows and screening, large windows can be used for aesthetics, daylighting and proper ventilation without unnecessary loss of heating and cooling. It is possible to have operable windows without wasting energy by integrating the HVAC system with a window switch. Whenever the system senses that the window is open, the heating and cooling air supply to that zone are turned off, allowing the open window to provide ventilation air while allowing the temperature to float. Using computer simulations, engineers have shown that natural ventilation coupled with a disabling of the HVAC system results in reduced energy use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Although there are many benefits associated with operable windows, there are also tradeoffs to consider. For example, operable windows can increase the threat of water and air leakage without careful window selection, design, and installation (see<span> </span><em><i>Reduce Air Infiltration</i></em>). Operable windows can also increase noise and airborne pollutants in the interior space and make it harder to control thermal comfort with various types of HVAC systems (see<span> </span><em><i>Acoustic Control</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Incorporating views and operable windows:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enhances occupant comfort and health</li>\n<li>Increases access to daylight and window views, which is likely to have positive impacts on psychological functioning and well-being</li>\n<li>Reduces stress and promotes positive emotional states and may also influence cognitive functioning<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduces the need for mechanical ventilation</li>\n<li>Reduces energy use through increased daylighting</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of incorporating operable windows and maximizing views from interior spaces varies by project, and these aspects should be considered early in the design phase to optimize cost efficiencies. Operable windows are usually more expensive than static window units. Expect to pay approximately 20-percent more for fully operable windows vs. fixed windows. Price also changes by type of operable window – sliders are cheaper than casements, for example. Many factors affect cost and designers need to think holistically about the project. Operable windows can be used to offset mechanical ventilation costs and can allow for downsizing of mechanical systems. Installing a traditional mechanical HVAC unit in the home and installing operable windows can lead to inefficiencies in running the system if residents are not adequately aware of how to operate the home’s systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a fire or other emergency in the home, operable windows (depending on their size) can act as a point of egress for occupants and can also serve as an access point for firefighters and their lifesaving equipment, especially if any other exits are blocked off and inaccessible to the home’s occupants. Operable windows can also help provide natural ventilation and thermal comfort during a power outage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><em><i>Promote Health and Well Being</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being</a>  (accessed January 12, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Occupant Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being</a>(accessed January 12, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Judith H. Heerwagen, Ph.D.<span> </span><em><i>Green Buildings, Organizational Success, and Occupant Productivity.<span> </span></i></em>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Ulrich, Roger S.<span> </span><em><i>View Through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery.<span> </span></i></em>The Center for Health Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.healthdesign.org/sites/default/files/article-pdfs/Ulrich-1984-CHD-KPS.pdf\">https://www.healthdesign.org/sites/default/files/article-pdfs/Ulrich-1984-CHD-KPS.pdf</a>  (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. AirNow.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/\">https://www.airnow.gov</a><span> </span>(accessed December 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>California Sustainable Design Training. IEQ.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/GreenBuilding/Training/StateManual/StateManual.pdf\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/GreenBuilding/Training/StateManual/StateManual.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Facilitiesnet.  Operable Windows can save Energy. <span> </span><a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/windowsexteriorwalls/article/Operable-Windows-Can-Save-Energy--10284\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/windowsexteriorwalls/article/Operable-Windows-Can-Save-Energy–10284</a><span> </span>(accessed October 17, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>. Judith H. Heerwagen, Ph.D.<span> </span><em><i>Green Buildings, Organizational Success, and Occupant Productivity.</i></em><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>Buildings. “A Breath of Fresh Air.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.buildings.com/ArticleDetails/tabid/3321/ArticleID/2749/Default.aspx\">http://www.buildings.com/ArticleDetails/tabid/3321/ArticleID/2749/Default.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed April 21, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Building Green. Resilient Design: Natural Cooling.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/blog/resilient-design-natural-cooling\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/blog/resilient-design-natural-cooling</a><span> </span>(accessed January 12, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Acoustic Control</li>\n<li>Air Infiltration Reduction</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindows.org/\">Efficient Window Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20211223204535/https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Building Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Views and Operable Windows','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-views-and-operable-windows','','','2022-06-23 18:47:23','2022-06-23 18:47:23','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2055',0,'post','',0),(2057,3,'2022-04-21 19:55:46','2022-04-21 19:55:46','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Views and Operable Windows\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What are Views and Operable Windows? </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor environments impact occupant well-being and productivity. Aspects of the indoor environment such as access to views and natural light, connection to nature, and personal control over environmental conditions all play a role in occupant comfort (see<span> </span><em><i>Individual Comfort Controls</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Access to views of the outside contributes to occupant well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Many studies have found that people value daylight and prefer to be near windows, and there is a growing understanding that being near a window can be psychologically and physiologically beneficial, mainly if views contain natural features. Visual contact with nature through window views enhances mood, reduces stress, and promotes a higher quality of life (see<span> </span><em><i>Biophilic Design</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>A study by Roger Ulrich compared postoperative recovery rates of patients experiencing similar surgical procedures but having different window views of trees and a lake, no window views, or a view of a brick wall. The study found that the window view patients recovered significantly faster, required less pharmaceutical assistance, and had fewer post-operative complications, supporting the idea that enhanced opportunities for emotionally bonding with nature promote feelings of calm, confidence, and personal well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Operable windows can increase occupant comfort and provide psychological benefits through natural ventilation, connection to natural elements and individual control over the indoor environment (see<span> </span><em><i>Natural Ventilation</i></em>). Operable windows can also contribute to improved indoor air quality, depending on the quality of the outdoor air. Monitor outdoor air quality through resources such as the US EPA “Air Now” online tool (<a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/flag.\">airnow.gov</a>) that lists air quality conditions by zip code.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul></ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_476\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"538\"]<img class=\"wp-image-476 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NR-Views-and-Operable-Windows-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Window with a view of natural features (Source: Flickr Saad Kadhi).\" width=\"538\" height=\"360\" /> Figure 1 – Window with a view of natural features (Source: Flickr Saad Kadhi).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Incorporate Views and Operable Windows</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The factors that define indoor environmental quality connect directly to each other. For example, the decision about the placement or type of window can impact access to natural light, connection to the outdoors, acoustics, thermal comfort, occupant control, and air quality (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy-Efficient Windows</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>It is essential to consider all of these components in the design phase of a project. There are many resources available regarding design steps to consider for the placement of operable windows and to optimize views (see<span> </span><strong><b>Resources<span> </span></b></strong>section).</p>\n<p>Typically homes have operable windows that provide homeowners with the option of opening and closing the windows.  With double glazed windows and screening, large windows can be used for aesthetics, daylighting and proper ventilation without unnecessary loss of heating and cooling. It is possible to have operable windows without wasting energy by integrating the HVAC system with a window switch. Whenever the system senses that the window is open, the heating and cooling air supply to that zone are turned off, allowing the open window to provide ventilation air while allowing the temperature to float. Using computer simulations, engineers have shown that natural ventilation coupled with a disabling of the HVAC system results in reduced energy use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Although there are many benefits associated with operable windows, there are also tradeoffs to consider. For example, operable windows can increase the threat of water and air leakage without careful window selection, design, and installation (see<span> </span><em><i>Reduce Air Infiltration</i></em>). Operable windows can also increase noise and airborne pollutants in the interior space and make it harder to control thermal comfort with various types of HVAC systems (see<span> </span><em><i>Acoustic Control</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Incorporating views and operable windows:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enhances occupant comfort and health</li>\n<li>Increases access to daylight and window views, which is likely to have positive impacts on psychological functioning and well-being</li>\n<li>Reduces stress and promotes positive emotional states and may also influence cognitive functioning<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduces the need for mechanical ventilation</li>\n<li>Reduces energy use through increased daylighting</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of incorporating operable windows and maximizing views from interior spaces varies by project, and these aspects should be considered early in the design phase to optimize cost efficiencies. Operable windows are usually more expensive than static window units. Expect to pay approximately 20-percent more for fully operable windows vs. fixed windows. Price also changes by type of operable window – sliders are cheaper than casements, for example. Many factors affect cost and designers need to think holistically about the project. Operable windows can be used to offset mechanical ventilation costs and can allow for downsizing of mechanical systems. Installing a traditional mechanical HVAC unit in the home and installing operable windows can lead to inefficiencies in running the system if residents are not adequately aware of how to operate the home’s systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a fire or other emergency in the home, operable windows (depending on their size) can act as a point of egress for occupants and can also serve as an access point for firefighters and their lifesaving equipment, especially if any other exits are blocked off and inaccessible to the home’s occupants. Operable windows can also help provide natural ventilation and thermal comfort during a power outage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><em><i>Promote Health and Well Being</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being</a>  (accessed January 12, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Occupant Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being</a>(accessed January 12, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Judith H. Heerwagen, Ph.D.<span> </span><em><i>Green Buildings, Organizational Success, and Occupant Productivity.<span> </span></i></em>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Ulrich, Roger S.<span> </span><em><i>View Through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery.<span> </span></i></em>The Center for Health Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.healthdesign.org/sites/default/files/article-pdfs/Ulrich-1984-CHD-KPS.pdf\">https://www.healthdesign.org/sites/default/files/article-pdfs/Ulrich-1984-CHD-KPS.pdf</a>  (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. AirNow.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/\">https://www.airnow.gov</a><span> </span>(accessed December 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>California Sustainable Design Training. IEQ.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/GreenBuilding/Training/StateManual/StateManual.pdf\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/GreenBuilding/Training/StateManual/StateManual.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Facilitiesnet.  Operable Windows can save Energy. <span> </span><a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/windowsexteriorwalls/article/Operable-Windows-Can-Save-Energy--10284\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/windowsexteriorwalls/article/Operable-Windows-Can-Save-Energy–10284</a><span> </span>(accessed October 17, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>. Judith H. Heerwagen, Ph.D.<span> </span><em><i>Green Buildings, Organizational Success, and Occupant Productivity.</i></em><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>Buildings. “A Breath of Fresh Air.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.buildings.com/ArticleDetails/tabid/3321/ArticleID/2749/Default.aspx\">http://www.buildings.com/ArticleDetails/tabid/3321/ArticleID/2749/Default.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed April 21, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Building Green. Resilient Design: Natural Cooling.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/blog/resilient-design-natural-cooling\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/blog/resilient-design-natural-cooling</a><span> </span>(accessed January 12, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Acoustic Control</li>\n<li>Air Infiltration Reduction</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindows.org/\">Efficient Window Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Building Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Views and Operable Windows','','inherit','closed','closed','','2055-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 19:55:46','2022-04-21 19:55:46','',2055,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2057',0,'revision','',0),(2058,3,'2022-04-21 19:55:47','2022-04-21 19:55:47','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Views and Operable Windows\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What are Views and Operable Windows? </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor environments impact occupant well-being and productivity. Aspects of the indoor environment such as access to views and natural light, connection to nature, and personal control over environmental conditions all play a role in occupant comfort (see<span> </span><em><i>Individual Comfort Controls</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Access to views of the outside contributes to occupant well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Many studies have found that people value daylight and prefer to be near windows, and there is a growing understanding that being near a window can be psychologically and physiologically beneficial, mainly if views contain natural features. Visual contact with nature through window views enhances mood, reduces stress, and promotes a higher quality of life (see<span> </span><em><i>Biophilic Design</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>A study by Roger Ulrich compared postoperative recovery rates of patients experiencing similar surgical procedures but having different window views of trees and a lake, no window views, or a view of a brick wall. The study found that the window view patients recovered significantly faster, required less pharmaceutical assistance, and had fewer post-operative complications, supporting the idea that enhanced opportunities for emotionally bonding with nature promote feelings of calm, confidence, and personal well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Operable windows can increase occupant comfort and provide psychological benefits through natural ventilation, connection to natural elements and individual control over the indoor environment (see<span> </span><em><i>Natural Ventilation</i></em>). Operable windows can also contribute to improved indoor air quality, depending on the quality of the outdoor air. Monitor outdoor air quality through resources such as the US EPA “Air Now” online tool (<a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/flag.\">airnow.gov</a>) that lists air quality conditions by zip code.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul></ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_476\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"538\"]<img class=\"wp-image-476 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NR-Views-and-Operable-Windows-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Window with a view of natural features (Source: Flickr Saad Kadhi).\" width=\"538\" height=\"360\" /> Figure 1 – Window with a view of natural features (Source: Flickr Saad Kadhi).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Incorporate Views and Operable Windows</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The factors that define indoor environmental quality connect directly to each other. For example, the decision about the placement or type of window can impact access to natural light, connection to the outdoors, acoustics, thermal comfort, occupant control, and air quality (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy-Efficient Windows</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>It is essential to consider all of these components in the design phase of a project. There are many resources available regarding design steps to consider for the placement of operable windows and to optimize views (see<span> </span><strong><b>Resources<span> </span></b></strong>section).</p>\n<p>Typically homes have operable windows that provide homeowners with the option of opening and closing the windows.  With double glazed windows and screening, large windows can be used for aesthetics, daylighting and proper ventilation without unnecessary loss of heating and cooling. It is possible to have operable windows without wasting energy by integrating the HVAC system with a window switch. Whenever the system senses that the window is open, the heating and cooling air supply to that zone are turned off, allowing the open window to provide ventilation air while allowing the temperature to float. Using computer simulations, engineers have shown that natural ventilation coupled with a disabling of the HVAC system results in reduced energy use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Although there are many benefits associated with operable windows, there are also tradeoffs to consider. For example, operable windows can increase the threat of water and air leakage without careful window selection, design, and installation (see<span> </span><em><i>Reduce Air Infiltration</i></em>). Operable windows can also increase noise and airborne pollutants in the interior space and make it harder to control thermal comfort with various types of HVAC systems (see<span> </span><em><i>Acoustic Control</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Incorporating views and operable windows:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enhances occupant comfort and health</li>\n<li>Increases access to daylight and window views, which is likely to have positive impacts on psychological functioning and well-being</li>\n<li>Reduces stress and promotes positive emotional states and may also influence cognitive functioning<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduces the need for mechanical ventilation</li>\n<li>Reduces energy use through increased daylighting</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of incorporating operable windows and maximizing views from interior spaces varies by project, and these aspects should be considered early in the design phase to optimize cost efficiencies. Operable windows are usually more expensive than static window units. Expect to pay approximately 20-percent more for fully operable windows vs. fixed windows. Price also changes by type of operable window – sliders are cheaper than casements, for example. Many factors affect cost and designers need to think holistically about the project. Operable windows can be used to offset mechanical ventilation costs and can allow for downsizing of mechanical systems. Installing a traditional mechanical HVAC unit in the home and installing operable windows can lead to inefficiencies in running the system if residents are not adequately aware of how to operate the home’s systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a fire or other emergency in the home, operable windows (depending on their size) can act as a point of egress for occupants and can also serve as an access point for firefighters and their lifesaving equipment, especially if any other exits are blocked off and inaccessible to the home’s occupants. Operable windows can also help provide natural ventilation and thermal comfort during a power outage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><em><i>Promote Health and Well Being</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being</a>  (accessed January 12, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Occupant Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being</a>(accessed January 12, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Judith H. Heerwagen, Ph.D.<span> </span><em><i>Green Buildings, Organizational Success, and Occupant Productivity.<span> </span></i></em>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Ulrich, Roger S.<span> </span><em><i>View Through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery.<span> </span></i></em>The Center for Health Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.healthdesign.org/sites/default/files/article-pdfs/Ulrich-1984-CHD-KPS.pdf\">https://www.healthdesign.org/sites/default/files/article-pdfs/Ulrich-1984-CHD-KPS.pdf</a>  (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. AirNow.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/\">https://www.airnow.gov</a><span> </span>(accessed December 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>California Sustainable Design Training. IEQ.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/GreenBuilding/Training/StateManual/StateManual.pdf\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/GreenBuilding/Training/StateManual/StateManual.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Facilitiesnet.  Operable Windows can save Energy. <span> </span><a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/windowsexteriorwalls/article/Operable-Windows-Can-Save-Energy--10284\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/windowsexteriorwalls/article/Operable-Windows-Can-Save-Energy–10284</a><span> </span>(accessed October 17, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>. Judith H. Heerwagen, Ph.D.<span> </span><em><i>Green Buildings, Organizational Success, and Occupant Productivity.</i></em><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>Buildings. “A Breath of Fresh Air.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.buildings.com/ArticleDetails/tabid/3321/ArticleID/2749/Default.aspx\">http://www.buildings.com/ArticleDetails/tabid/3321/ArticleID/2749/Default.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed April 21, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Building Green. Resilient Design: Natural Cooling.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/blog/resilient-design-natural-cooling\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/blog/resilient-design-natural-cooling</a><span> </span>(accessed January 12, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Acoustic Control</li>\n<li>Air Infiltration Reduction</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindows.org/\">Efficient Window Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Building Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Moisture Control','','inherit','closed','closed','','2055-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 19:55:47','2022-04-21 19:55:47','',2055,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2058',0,'revision','',0),(2059,3,'2022-04-21 19:55:50','2022-04-21 19:55:50','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Views and Operable Windows\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What are Views and Operable Windows? </b></strong></h2>\n<p>Indoor environments impact occupant well-being and productivity. Aspects of the indoor environment such as access to views and natural light, connection to nature, and personal control over environmental conditions all play a role in occupant comfort (see<span> </span><em><i>Individual Comfort Controls</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Access to views of the outside contributes to occupant well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Many studies have found that people value daylight and prefer to be near windows, and there is a growing understanding that being near a window can be psychologically and physiologically beneficial, mainly if views contain natural features. Visual contact with nature through window views enhances mood, reduces stress, and promotes a higher quality of life (see<span> </span><em><i>Biophilic Design</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>A study by Roger Ulrich compared postoperative recovery rates of patients experiencing similar surgical procedures but having different window views of trees and a lake, no window views, or a view of a brick wall. The study found that the window view patients recovered significantly faster, required less pharmaceutical assistance, and had fewer post-operative complications, supporting the idea that enhanced opportunities for emotionally bonding with nature promote feelings of calm, confidence, and personal well-being.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Operable windows can increase occupant comfort and provide psychological benefits through natural ventilation, connection to natural elements and individual control over the indoor environment (see<span> </span><em><i>Natural Ventilation</i></em>). Operable windows can also contribute to improved indoor air quality, depending on the quality of the outdoor air. Monitor outdoor air quality through resources such as the US EPA “Air Now” online tool (<a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/flag.\">airnow.gov</a>) that lists air quality conditions by zip code.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ul></ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_476\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"538\"]<img class=\"wp-image-476 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/NR-Views-and-Operable-Windows-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Window with a view of natural features (Source: Flickr Saad Kadhi).\" width=\"538\" height=\"360\" /> Figure 1 – Window with a view of natural features (Source: Flickr Saad Kadhi).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Incorporate Views and Operable Windows</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The factors that define indoor environmental quality connect directly to each other. For example, the decision about the placement or type of window can impact access to natural light, connection to the outdoors, acoustics, thermal comfort, occupant control, and air quality (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy-Efficient Windows</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>It is essential to consider all of these components in the design phase of a project. There are many resources available regarding design steps to consider for the placement of operable windows and to optimize views (see<span> </span><strong><b>Resources<span> </span></b></strong>section).</p>\n<p>Typically homes have operable windows that provide homeowners with the option of opening and closing the windows.  With double glazed windows and screening, large windows can be used for aesthetics, daylighting and proper ventilation without unnecessary loss of heating and cooling. It is possible to have operable windows without wasting energy by integrating the HVAC system with a window switch. Whenever the system senses that the window is open, the heating and cooling air supply to that zone are turned off, allowing the open window to provide ventilation air while allowing the temperature to float. Using computer simulations, engineers have shown that natural ventilation coupled with a disabling of the HVAC system results in reduced energy use.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<p>Although there are many benefits associated with operable windows, there are also tradeoffs to consider. For example, operable windows can increase the threat of water and air leakage without careful window selection, design, and installation (see<span> </span><em><i>Reduce Air Infiltration</i></em>). Operable windows can also increase noise and airborne pollutants in the interior space and make it harder to control thermal comfort with various types of HVAC systems (see<span> </span><em><i>Acoustic Control</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Incorporating views and operable windows:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enhances occupant comfort and health</li>\n<li>Increases access to daylight and window views, which is likely to have positive impacts on psychological functioning and well-being</li>\n<li>Reduces stress and promotes positive emotional states and may also influence cognitive functioning<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduces the need for mechanical ventilation</li>\n<li>Reduces energy use through increased daylighting</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of incorporating operable windows and maximizing views from interior spaces varies by project, and these aspects should be considered early in the design phase to optimize cost efficiencies. Operable windows are usually more expensive than static window units. Expect to pay approximately 20-percent more for fully operable windows vs. fixed windows. Price also changes by type of operable window – sliders are cheaper than casements, for example. Many factors affect cost and designers need to think holistically about the project. Operable windows can be used to offset mechanical ventilation costs and can allow for downsizing of mechanical systems. Installing a traditional mechanical HVAC unit in the home and installing operable windows can lead to inefficiencies in running the system if residents are not adequately aware of how to operate the home’s systems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a fire or other emergency in the home, operable windows (depending on their size) can act as a point of egress for occupants and can also serve as an access point for firefighters and their lifesaving equipment, especially if any other exits are blocked off and inaccessible to the home’s occupants. Operable windows can also help provide natural ventilation and thermal comfort during a power outage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><em><i>Promote Health and Well Being</i></em><span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being</a>  (accessed January 12, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>GSA. Sustainable Facilities Tool. Occupant Comfort.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being\">http://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being</a>(accessed January 12, 2019).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Judith H. Heerwagen, Ph.D.<span> </span><em><i>Green Buildings, Organizational Success, and Occupant Productivity.<span> </span></i></em>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Ulrich, Roger S.<span> </span><em><i>View Through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery.<span> </span></i></em>The Center for Health Design.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.healthdesign.org/sites/default/files/article-pdfs/Ulrich-1984-CHD-KPS.pdf\">https://www.healthdesign.org/sites/default/files/article-pdfs/Ulrich-1984-CHD-KPS.pdf</a>  (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>US EPA. AirNow.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/\">https://www.airnow.gov</a><span> </span>(accessed December 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>California Sustainable Design Training. IEQ.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/GreenBuilding/Training/StateManual/StateManual.pdf\">https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/GreenBuilding/Training/StateManual/StateManual.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Facilitiesnet.  Operable Windows can save Energy. <span> </span><a href=\"http://www.facilitiesnet.com/windowsexteriorwalls/article/Operable-Windows-Can-Save-Energy--10284\">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/windowsexteriorwalls/article/Operable-Windows-Can-Save-Energy–10284</a><span> </span>(accessed October 17, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>. Judith H. Heerwagen, Ph.D.<span> </span><em><i>Green Buildings, Organizational Success, and Occupant Productivity.</i></em><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf\">https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/grn_bldgs_org_success.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed September 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>Buildings. “A Breath of Fresh Air.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.buildings.com/ArticleDetails/tabid/3321/ArticleID/2749/Default.aspx\">http://www.buildings.com/ArticleDetails/tabid/3321/ArticleID/2749/Default.aspx</a><span> </span>(accessed April 21, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-views-and-operable-windows/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Building Green. Resilient Design: Natural Cooling.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.buildinggreen.com/blog/resilient-design-natural-cooling\">https://www.buildinggreen.com/blog/resilient-design-natural-cooling</a><span> </span>(accessed January 12, 2019).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Acoustic Control</li>\n<li>Air Infiltration Reduction</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindows.org/\">Efficient Window Collaborative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://living-future.org/biophilic-design-overview/\">International Living Building Institute – Biophilic Design Initiative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php\">Whole Building Design Guide – Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Views and Operable Windows','','inherit','closed','closed','','2055-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 19:55:50','2022-04-21 19:55:50','',2055,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2059',0,'revision','',0),(2060,3,'2022-04-21 20:00:50','2022-04-21 20:00:50','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is ENERGY STAR Equipment and Managing Plug Load Energy Use?</strong></h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_807\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\">\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>\n[caption id=\"attachment_527\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-527 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-1-300x300.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: The ENERGY STAR logo (Source: Energy Star)\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" /> Figure 1: The ENERGY STAR logo (Source: Energy Star)[/caption]<p>ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), labels energy-efficient products and practices using third-party certified testing to guarantee quality and performance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>On average, cooking and cleaning appliances account for 9%, computers, televisions and related equipment for 10%, and other uses or miscellaneous electronic loads (MELs) or plug loads accounting for 27% of energy use in residential buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Plug load refers to any device plugged into the home’s electrical system including task lighting, televisions, kitchen appliances, and cell phone chargers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>ENERGY STAR qualified home appliances utilize advanced technologies making them 10-50% more efficient than standard appliances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a>  Replacing conventional appliances and other electronic devices at the end of their useful life with ENERGY STAR labeled products and managing plug loads can save money through reduced energy consumption and associated cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement ENERGY STAR Equipment and Mange Plug Loads</strong></h2>\n<p><u>Step 1</u> – Select ENERGY STAR certified products for the home including electronics such as computers and televisions as well as home appliances, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> and water heaters. For a complete list, see <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">ENERGY STAR certified products</a>.</p>\n<p><u>Step 2</u> – Check for available incentives and rebates.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/rebate-finder\">Energy Star Rebate Finder</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.dsireusa.org/\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/energy-star-product-rebates/new-jersey-energy-star-product-rebates\">NJ Clean Energy Program Residential Appliance and Lighting Incentives</a></p>\n<p><u>Step 3</u>  – Follow the manufacturer’s instructions or hire a professional installer as poor installation can affect the performance of equipment.</p>\n<p><u>Step 4</u> – Manage plug loads. Eliminate or unplug unnecessary devices. Turn off or power down devices when not in use and use power management settings, timers, and advanced power plugs. Engage occupants and make sure they understand why, when, and how to power down.</p>\n<p><strong>Example</strong></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/Library/AcamporaESH_1pgr-v2_LR.pdf\">Acampora Residence, Barnegat, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>A new home built to the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/nj-energy-star-homes/nj-energy-star-homes\">NJ ENERGY STAR Homes</a> standards, the Acampora home utilizes ENERGY STAR qualified appliances and lighting. Combined with an energy-efficient HVAC system, higher R-value insulation, and high-performance windows, the home expects annual cost savings of $480 by reducing energy consumption by 1,500 kWh and 300 therms per year compared to a conventional home or similar size.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>By avoiding the need to generate electricity in the first place, energy-efficiency reduces emissions and air pollution related to producing energy including greenhouse gases, acidifying substances, ozone precursors, and particulate matter or precursors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> The installation of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment and managing plug loads in a residential building can reduce energy usage and lower energy and utility bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends product life and decreases maintenance</li>\n<li>Lower energy use and utility bills</li>\n<li>Increased resale value of an energy-efficient home</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Annual energy and costs savings often justify additional upfront costs of selecting ENERGY STAR certified products over conventional products. Rebates and incentives also help reduce upfront costs.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Use of ENERGY STAR certified products and managing plug load reduces energy usage, increasing grid reliability and reducing utility costs.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ENERGY STAR. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. Page 24. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> New Buildings Institute. 2012. “Plug Load Best Practices Guide: Managing Your Office Equipment Plug Load.” <a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf\">https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA Energy Star Program. Certified Products. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products\">https://www.energystar.gov/products</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Training Center. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/building_recognition/building_certification/reasons_get_certified\">https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/building_recognition/building_certification/reasons_get_certified</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cee1.org/\">Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/\">ENERGY STAR</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\">New Jersey Clean Energy Residential Programs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load','','','2022-06-22 19:59:10','2022-06-22 19:59:10','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2060',0,'post','',0),(2062,3,'2022-04-21 19:58:21','2022-04-21 19:58:21','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"New Residential Buildings\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>The Manual supports the construction of new green homes with diminished energy and environmental footprints and the greening of existing homes. This approach limits the impact of the built environment on the natural environment, while sensitivity to the location of building activities helps to prevent urban sprawl and preserves natural resources.</p>\n<p>The Residential Buildings section includes strategies for new single-family homes. Many of the strategies also pertain to existing single-family homes and support energy-efficient and green home improvement projects that provide resiliency benefits. Whether building a new home or upgrading old systems, new and existing homeowners have the opportunity to select ENERGY STAR equipment, including high-efficiency water heaters, and HVAC equipment. Likewise, all homeowners can incorporate grid back-up capabilities (based on individualized risk factors and site opportunities) and consider storm preparation and planning for disruptive events.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Design\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf568;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operational Tools\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe035;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-building-information-modeling-bim/\">Building Information Modeling (BIM)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-modeling/\">Energy Modeling</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-assessment-lca/\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca/\">Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-composting/\">Composting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-brownfield-and-infill-sites/\">Brownfield and Infill Sites</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-site-protection-plan/\">Site Protection Plan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-tree-protection-and-placement/\">Tree Protection and Placement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-turf-grass-reduction/\">Turf Grass Reduction</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p><strong>Envelope</strong><span></span></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-thermal-mass/\">Thermal Massing</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Mechanicals and Equipment</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-part-load-efficiency/\">Part-Load Efficiency</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Energy Supply</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-geothermal-heat-pumps/\">Geothermal Heat Pumps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-green-power/\">Green Power</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-onsite-wind-energy-systems/\">On-Site Wind Energy Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-biomass-energy-systems/\">Photovoltaic Systems (PV)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-geothermal/\">Solar Thermal Systems</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Water\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf043;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-indoor-water-conservation/\">Indoor Water Conservation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-on-site-alternative-water-resuse/\">On-Site Alternative Water Re-use</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Backup Systems\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf5df;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-emergency-water-supply-and-storage/\">Emergency Water Supply and Storage</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-storm-preparation-and-emergency-planning/\">Storm Preparation and Emergency Planning</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-active-living/\">Active Living</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-biophilic-design/\">Biophilic Design</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-construction-indoor-air-quality-management/\">Construction Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-flexible-spaces/\">Flexible Workspaces</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-non-toxic-materials/\">Non-Toxic Materials</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-sustainable-materials/\">Sustainable Materials</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Build\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf6e3;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Sustainable Sites\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1bb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-construction-and-demolition-cd-waste-reduction/\">Construction &amp; Demolition Waste Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/\">Erosion Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-edible-landscaping/\">Edible Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-reflectance-hardscape-materials/\">High Reflectance Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-light-pollution-reduction/\">Light Pollution Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-pervious-landscape-materials/\">Pervious Hardscape Materials</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-soil-test/\">Soil Test</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-vegetated-roofs/\">Vegetated Roofs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Energy\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf0e7;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-air-infiltration/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-cool-roofs/\">Cool Roofs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-energy-recovery-systems/\">Energy Recovery Systems</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/nr-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Indoor Environmental Quality\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf863;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<ul>\n	<li><a href=\"/acoustic-comfort/\">Acoustic Comfort</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-entryway-systems-2/\">Entryway Systems</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-individual-comfort-controls/\">Individual Comfort Controls</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-moisture-control/\">Moisture Control</a></li>\n	<li><a href=\"/nr-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Operate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf085;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Operations & Maintenance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xe038;||divi||400\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Smart Infrastructure\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf1eb;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Evaluate\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"&#xf3fd;||fa||900\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" image_icon_background_color=\"#ffffff\" image_icon_width=\"48px\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" header_level=\"h2\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" image_icon_custom_padding=\"25px|25px|25px|25px|false|false\" text_orientation=\"center\" border_radii_image=\"on|100%|100%|100%|100%\" border_color_all_image=\"#f7f7f7\" use_circle=\"on\" use_circle_border=\"on\" circle_border_color=\"#f7f7f7\" circle_color=\"#ffffff\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" image_icon_background_color__sticky_enabled=\"#7EBEC5\" image_icon_background_color__sticky=\"#7EBEC5\"][/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_toggle title=\"Building Performance\" icon_color=\"#75C044\" toggle_icon=\"&#xf080;||fa||900\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Your content goes here. Edit or remove this text inline or in the module Content settings. You can also style every aspect of this content in the module Design settings and even apply custom CSS to this text in the module Advanced settings.</p>[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.03)\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Case Studies</h2>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"30%\" module_alignment=\"center\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_portfolio fullwidth=\"off\" include_categories=\"5\" show_categories=\"off\" show_pagination=\"off\" hover_overlay_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_portfolio][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','New Residential','','inherit','closed','closed','','1003-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 19:58:21','2022-04-21 19:58:21','',1003,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2062',0,'revision','',0),(2064,3,'2022-04-21 20:00:50','2022-04-21 20:00:50','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is ENERGY STAR Equipment and Managing Plug Load Energy Use?</strong></h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_807\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\">\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>\n[caption id=\"attachment_527\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-527 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-1-300x300.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: The ENERGY STAR logo (Source: Energy Star)\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" /> Figure 1: The ENERGY STAR logo (Source: Energy Star)[/caption]<p>ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), labels energy-efficient products and practices using third-party certified testing to guarantee quality and performance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>On average, cooking and cleaning appliances account for 9%, computers, televisions and related equipment for 10%, and other uses or miscellaneous electronic loads (MELs) or plug loads accounting for 27% of energy use in residential buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Plug load refers to any device plugged into the home’s electrical system including task lighting, televisions, kitchen appliances, and cell phone chargers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>ENERGY STAR qualified home appliances utilize advanced technologies making them 10-50% more efficient than standard appliances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a>  Replacing conventional appliances and other electronic devices at the end of their useful life with ENERGY STAR labeled products and managing plug loads can save money through reduced energy consumption and associated cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement ENERGY STAR Equipment and Mange Plug Loads</strong></h2>\n<p><u>Step 1</u> – Select ENERGY STAR certified products for the home including electronics such as computers and televisions as well as home appliances, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> and water heaters. For a complete list, see <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">ENERGY STAR certified products</a>.</p>\n<p><u>Step 2</u> – Check for available incentives and rebates.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/rebate-finder\">Energy Star Rebate Finder</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.dsireusa.org/\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/energy-star-product-rebates/new-jersey-energy-star-product-rebates\">NJ Clean Energy Program Residential Appliance and Lighting Incentives</a></p>\n<p><u>Step 3</u>  – Follow the manufacturer’s instructions or hire a professional installer as poor installation can affect the performance of equipment.</p>\n<p><u>Step 4</u> – Manage plug loads. Eliminate or unplug unnecessary devices. Turn off or power down devices when not in use and use power management settings, timers, and advanced power plugs. Engage occupants and make sure they understand why, when, and how to power down.</p>\n<p><strong>Example</strong></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/Library/AcamporaESH_1pgr-v2_LR.pdf\">Acampora Residence, Barnegat, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>A new home built to the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/nj-energy-star-homes/nj-energy-star-homes\">NJ ENERGY STAR Homes</a> standards, the Acampora home utilizes ENERGY STAR qualified appliances and lighting. Combined with an energy-efficient HVAC system, higher R-value insulation, and high-performance windows, the home expects annual cost savings of $480 by reducing energy consumption by 1,500 kWh and 300 therms per year compared to a conventional home or similar size.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>By avoiding the need to generate electricity in the first place, energy-efficiency reduces emissions and air pollution related to producing energy including greenhouse gases, acidifying substances, ozone precursors, and particulate matter or precursors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> The installation of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment and managing plug loads in a residential building can reduce energy usage and lower energy and utility bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends product life and decreases maintenance</li>\n<li>Lower energy use and utility bills</li>\n<li>Increased resale value of an energy-efficient home</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Annual energy and costs savings often justify additional upfront costs of selecting ENERGY STAR certified products over conventional products. Rebates and incentives also help reduce upfront costs.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Use of ENERGY STAR certified products and managing plug load reduces energy usage, increasing grid reliability and reducing utility costs.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ENERGY STAR. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. Page 24. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> New Buildings Institute. 2012. “Plug Load Best Practices Guide: Managing Your Office Equipment Plug Load.” <a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf\">https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA Energy Star Program. Certified Products. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products\">https://www.energystar.gov/products</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Training Center. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification\">https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cee1.org/\">Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/\">ENERGY STAR</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\">New Jersey Clean Energy Residential Programs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load','','inherit','closed','closed','','2060-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 20:00:50','2022-04-21 20:00:50','',2060,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2064',0,'revision','',0),(2065,3,'2022-04-21 20:00:51','2022-04-21 20:00:51','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is ENERGY STAR Equipment and Managing Plug Load Energy Use?</strong></h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_807\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\">\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>\n[caption id=\"attachment_527\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-527 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-1-300x300.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: The ENERGY STAR logo (Source: Energy Star)\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" /> Figure 1: The ENERGY STAR logo (Source: Energy Star)[/caption]<p>ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), labels energy-efficient products and practices using third-party certified testing to guarantee quality and performance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>On average, cooking and cleaning appliances account for 9%, computers, televisions and related equipment for 10%, and other uses or miscellaneous electronic loads (MELs) or plug loads accounting for 27% of energy use in residential buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Plug load refers to any device plugged into the home’s electrical system including task lighting, televisions, kitchen appliances, and cell phone chargers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>ENERGY STAR qualified home appliances utilize advanced technologies making them 10-50% more efficient than standard appliances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a>  Replacing conventional appliances and other electronic devices at the end of their useful life with ENERGY STAR labeled products and managing plug loads can save money through reduced energy consumption and associated cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement ENERGY STAR Equipment and Mange Plug Loads</strong></h2>\n<p><u>Step 1</u> – Select ENERGY STAR certified products for the home including electronics such as computers and televisions as well as home appliances, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> and water heaters. For a complete list, see <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">ENERGY STAR certified products</a>.</p>\n<p><u>Step 2</u> – Check for available incentives and rebates.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/rebate-finder\">Energy Star Rebate Finder</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.dsireusa.org/\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/energy-star-product-rebates/new-jersey-energy-star-product-rebates\">NJ Clean Energy Program Residential Appliance and Lighting Incentives</a></p>\n<p><u>Step 3</u>  – Follow the manufacturer’s instructions or hire a professional installer as poor installation can affect the performance of equipment.</p>\n<p><u>Step 4</u> – Manage plug loads. Eliminate or unplug unnecessary devices. Turn off or power down devices when not in use and use power management settings, timers, and advanced power plugs. Engage occupants and make sure they understand why, when, and how to power down.</p>\n<p><strong>Example</strong></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/Library/AcamporaESH_1pgr-v2_LR.pdf\">Acampora Residence, Barnegat, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>A new home built to the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/nj-energy-star-homes/nj-energy-star-homes\">NJ ENERGY STAR Homes</a> standards, the Acampora home utilizes ENERGY STAR qualified appliances and lighting. Combined with an energy-efficient HVAC system, higher R-value insulation, and high-performance windows, the home expects annual cost savings of $480 by reducing energy consumption by 1,500 kWh and 300 therms per year compared to a conventional home or similar size.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>By avoiding the need to generate electricity in the first place, energy-efficiency reduces emissions and air pollution related to producing energy including greenhouse gases, acidifying substances, ozone precursors, and particulate matter or precursors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> The installation of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment and managing plug loads in a residential building can reduce energy usage and lower energy and utility bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends product life and decreases maintenance</li>\n<li>Lower energy use and utility bills</li>\n<li>Increased resale value of an energy-efficient home</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Annual energy and costs savings often justify additional upfront costs of selecting ENERGY STAR certified products over conventional products. Rebates and incentives also help reduce upfront costs.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Use of ENERGY STAR certified products and managing plug load reduces energy usage, increasing grid reliability and reducing utility costs.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ENERGY STAR. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. Page 24. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> New Buildings Institute. 2012. “Plug Load Best Practices Guide: Managing Your Office Equipment Plug Load.” <a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf\">https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA Energy Star Program. Certified Products. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products\">https://www.energystar.gov/products</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Training Center. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification\">https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cee1.org/\">Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/\">ENERGY STAR</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\">New Jersey Clean Energy Residential Programs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Views and Operable Windows','','inherit','closed','closed','','2060-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 20:00:51','2022-04-21 20:00:51','',2060,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2065',0,'revision','',0),(2066,3,'2022-04-21 20:00:54','2022-04-21 20:00:54','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What is ENERGY STAR Equipment and Managing Plug Load Energy Use?</strong></h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_807\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\">\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>\n[caption id=\"attachment_527\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-527 size-medium\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Star-Equipment-and-Plug-Load-Fig-1-300x300.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: The ENERGY STAR logo (Source: Energy Star)\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" /> Figure 1: The ENERGY STAR logo (Source: Energy Star)[/caption]<p>ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), labels energy-efficient products and practices using third-party certified testing to guarantee quality and performance.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></p>\n<p>On average, cooking and cleaning appliances account for 9%, computers, televisions and related equipment for 10%, and other uses or miscellaneous electronic loads (MELs) or plug loads accounting for 27% of energy use in residential buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> Plug load refers to any device plugged into the home’s electrical system including task lighting, televisions, kitchen appliances, and cell phone chargers.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>ENERGY STAR qualified home appliances utilize advanced technologies making them 10-50% more efficient than standard appliances.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a>  Replacing conventional appliances and other electronic devices at the end of their useful life with ENERGY STAR labeled products and managing plug loads can save money through reduced energy consumption and associated cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Implement ENERGY STAR Equipment and Mange Plug Loads</strong></h2>\n<p><u>Step 1</u> – Select ENERGY STAR certified products for the home including electronics such as computers and televisions as well as home appliances, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment,<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> and water heaters. For a complete list, see <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products?s=mega\">ENERGY STAR certified products</a>.</p>\n<p><u>Step 2</u> – Check for available incentives and rebates.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/rebate-finder\">Energy Star Rebate Finder</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.dsireusa.org/\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/energy-star-product-rebates/new-jersey-energy-star-product-rebates\">NJ Clean Energy Program Residential Appliance and Lighting Incentives</a></p>\n<p><u>Step 3</u>  – Follow the manufacturer’s instructions or hire a professional installer as poor installation can affect the performance of equipment.</p>\n<p><u>Step 4</u> – Manage plug loads. Eliminate or unplug unnecessary devices. Turn off or power down devices when not in use and use power management settings, timers, and advanced power plugs. Engage occupants and make sure they understand why, when, and how to power down.</p>\n<p><strong>Example</strong></p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/Library/AcamporaESH_1pgr-v2_LR.pdf\">Acampora Residence, Barnegat, NJ.</a></p>\n<p>A new home built to the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/nj-energy-star-homes/nj-energy-star-homes\">NJ ENERGY STAR Homes</a> standards, the Acampora home utilizes ENERGY STAR qualified appliances and lighting. Combined with an energy-efficient HVAC system, higher R-value insulation, and high-performance windows, the home expects annual cost savings of $480 by reducing energy consumption by 1,500 kWh and 300 therms per year compared to a conventional home or similar size.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>By avoiding the need to generate electricity in the first place, energy-efficiency reduces emissions and air pollution related to producing energy including greenhouse gases, acidifying substances, ozone precursors, and particulate matter or precursors.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> The installation of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment and managing plug loads in a residential building can reduce energy usage and lower energy and utility bills.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends product life and decreases maintenance</li>\n<li>Lower energy use and utility bills</li>\n<li>Increased resale value of an energy-efficient home</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Annual energy and costs savings often justify additional upfront costs of selecting ENERGY STAR certified products over conventional products. Rebates and incentives also help reduce upfront costs.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Use of ENERGY STAR certified products and managing plug load reduces energy usage, increasing grid reliability and reducing utility costs.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> ENERGY STAR. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_index</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. Page 24. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> New Buildings Institute. 2012. “Plug Load Best Practices Guide: Managing Your Office Equipment Plug Load.” <a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf\">https://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA Energy Star Program. Certified Products. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products\">https://www.energystar.gov/products</a> (accessed April 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Training Center. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=pt_univ.pt_univ</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Lisa Schwartz et al. “Electricity end uses, energy-efficiency, and distributed energy resources baseline.” Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. January 2017. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf</a> (accessed April 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-star-appliances-and-plug-load/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> ENERGY STAR. ENERGY STAR Qualified Appliances. <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification\">https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/learn-benefits/value-energy-star-certification</a> (accessed April 17, 2018).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/\">Demand Response and Peak Load Management</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.cee1.org/\">Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/\">ENERGY STAR</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\">New Jersey Clean Energy Residential Programs</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR ENERGY STAR Equipment and Plug Load','','inherit','closed','closed','','2060-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 20:00:54','2022-04-21 20:00:54','',2060,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2066',0,'revision','',0),(2067,3,'2022-04-21 20:03:05','2022-04-21 20:03:05','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Demand Response and Peak Load Management\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand response refers to strategies employed by utilities that use time-based financial incentives to modify consumer electricity consumption during periods of peak demand, power scarcity, grid congestion or an anticipated grid outage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>The cost of electricity from the consumer’s perspective usually reflects the average cost to generate electricity throughout the day or year. Reducing peak demand reduces the cost of electricity by reducing the need for additional generation capacity and avoiding the construction and maintenance costs associated with “peakers” or standby energy plants. Utility companies often charge flat rates for energy consumption. These flat rates do not factor in the different costs of supplying energy during different times or usage levels. Energy usage peaks from air conditioner use on hot days and when people come home from work between the hours of 2 pm and 7 pm. Figure 1 illustrates the results of shifting energy use away from peak hours.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<ul></ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_269\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1198\"]<img class=\"wp-image-269 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Demand-Response-and-Peak-Load-Management-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Shifting Demand (Source: MIT).\" width=\"1198\" height=\"760\" /> Figure 1 – Shifting Demand (Source: MIT).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Increased peak demand strains the electric system, increases emissions, and adds to energy costs. In a demand response program, homeowners manage the amount and timing of energy consumption to maximize energy efficiency and reduce energy costs by shedding loads or shifting activities to off-peak hours, which often coincide with lower energy prices or incentive payments. Demand response may include interrupting demand for a short period or adjusting demand levels by shedding or shifting loads or storing energy. For example, homeowners can manually adjust or automatically set smart thermostats to cycle off during periods of peak demand and to cycle back on during off-peak hours, potentially lowering energy use and electricity bills. Advances in smart grid infrastructure including smart metering technologies have expanded the range of available demand response programs and dynamic price offerings.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Demand response programs often utilize dynamic pricing models such as time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, variable peak pricing, critical peak pricing, critical time rebates or peak time rebates.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Smart metering and energy management systems provide detailed consumption and cost information, often in easy to ready visual displays that allow homeowners to make informed decisions concerning overall energy usage and energy use patterns at various time intervals. Demand response enabled devices such as smart thermostats and smart water heaters can signal consumers to adjust electricity consumption manually or allow utilities or aggregators to automatically turn off air-conditioning units or water heaters to avoid peak load issues (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls, and Smart Meters</i></em>). Demand response programs can also signal residences with on-site renewable energy generation and storage capabilities to use, store, or sell renewable energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand (see<span> </span><em><i>Alternative Transportation, Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</i></em>). Additionally, utilities can notify demand response participants of a potential grid failure, and incentivize participants to reduce energy use, switch to on-site generation, backup power or a combination of these load management strategies.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Incorporate a Demand Response Program or Peak Load Management?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Check with your local utility to find out about available demand response programs, eligibility requirements, and offerings in your building’s service area. Smart energy management systems and smart metering technologies provide the data and two-way communication necessary for participation in many demand response programs (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Metering</i></em>). Other demand response enable devices may include lighting controls, appliances, air conditioning units, and water heaters (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<p>Peak load management strategies may include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Activating, or turning on equipment sequentially, rather than all at once.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>“Coasting” the last hours of operation – turning down or off systems (such as temperature control, ventilation) while maintaining adequate levels of comfort.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Load shedding or switching loads such as running the dishwasher or washing machine during off-peak hours.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></sup></li>\n<li>Load shifting or moving consumption to off-peak periods, such as pre-heating water heaters to a higher temperature and then allowing the temperature to fall naturally during a load reduction.</li>\n<li>Load-displacement or offsetting peak demand with on-site generation such as renewable sources and battery energy storage.</li>\n<li>Demand flexibility or communication and control technologies that allow significant loads to continuously respond to changing renewable supply levels, particularly wind and solar, and other market signals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p>Atlantic City Electric offers a demand response program for their residential customers called<span> </span><a href=\"https://energywiserewards.atlanticcityelectric.com/index.php\">Energy Wise Rewards</a>. Participants in the program have a device installed on their central air conditioning units, which allows for remote turn-off by utilities during peak periods during the summer months. Jersey Central Power and Light (JCP&amp;L) has a similar program called<span> </span><a href=\"http://easygreen-jcpl.com/resident/info\">EasyGreen</a>. PSE&amp;G ran a pilot program called MyPower in 2006 and 2007, but as of this writing, there is no comprehensive residential demand management program available.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand Response programs supported by smart grid and smart metering infrastructure provide multiple benefits to utilities, energy consumers, and the grid. By accounting for the real-time cost, availability, and source of electricity, and reducing peak consumption, demand response programs:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encourage energy conservation and reduce overall energy consumption eliminating the need for building new or maintaining older, less-efficient standby energy plants, passing savings onto ratepayers in the form of reduced electrical bills or incentive payments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduce strain on the grid and increases grid reliability by reducing grid congestion, better balancing of supply and demand, and decreasing supply interruptions and losses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Facilitate the use and integration of cleaner energy sources<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a><span> </span>by adjusting demand to match intermittent wind and solar supplies.</li>\n<li>Promote energy storage technologies, such as Vehicle-to-Grid (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</i></em>) that can shift load consumption to optimal times or provide backup power to the grid like a generator and support distributed renewables generation.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Establishing a demand response program and offering dynamic pricing to reduce peak demand may be cheaper and faster for a utility than building a peaker plant to meet increased demand. Demand response programs can encourage customers to modify their consumption behavior and reduce electric bills. Smart home and demand response enabling technologies, including smart energy management systems and smart metering are becoming more user-friendly, cost-competitive and widespread in the marketplace. As distributed energy resource capacity, including battery storage, grows so does the ability to shift loads and take advantage of potential cost savings and incentives offered by demand response and dynamic pricing programs.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand response reduces stress on the electricity grid during times of prolonged disaster or shifts in weather. Demand response programs enable utility programs to reduce electricity demand, especially at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by avoiding system outages. Demand response programs also increase resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Connected Devices Alliance. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<span> </span><a href=\"https://cda.iea-4e.org/\">https://cda.iea-4e.org</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Applied Energy Journal  “Demand Side Management in a Day-Ahead Wholesale Market: A Comparison of Industrial &amp; Social Welfare Approaches” (MIT)<span> </span><a href=\"https://amfarid.scripts.mit.edu/wpblog/tag/graph-theory/Flex\">https://amfarid.scripts.mit.edu/wpblog/tag/graph-theory/Flex</a><span> </span> (accessed  April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Smart grids are electricity supply networks that use digital communications technology to detect and react to changes in energy supply and demand and manage the transport of electricity from generation sources to end users.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Smart Electric Power Alliance. 2017. “2017 Utility Demand Response Market Snapshot.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://sepapower.org/resource/2017-utility-demand-response-market-snapshot/thank-you/\">https://sepapower.org/resource/2017-utility-demand-response-market-snapshot/thank-you/</a><span> </span>(accessed September 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>BOMA International. “30 Ways to Save Energy – for little or no cost.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.boma.org/research/Documents/Find%20a%20Resource/BEEPChecklist_final.pdf\">http://www.boma.org/research/Documents/Find%20a%20Resource/BEEPChecklist_final.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Energy Exchange. Peak Shaving.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.eex.gov.au/opportunity/peak-shaving\">https://www.eex.gov.au/opportunity/peak-shaving</a><span> </span>(accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI). “Demand Flexibility: The Key to Enabling a Low-Cost, Low-Carbon Grid.” Insight Brief. Feb 2018.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Insight_Brief_Demand_Flexibility_2018.pdf\">https://www.rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Insight_Brief_Demand_Flexibility_2018.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>Electric Energy Online. PSE&amp;G’s MyPower Pricing Pilot Program Wins National Recognition.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.electricenergyonline.com/?page=show_news&amp;id=83413\">http://www.electricenergyonline.com/?page=show_news&amp;id=83413</a><span> </span>(accessed October 26, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>ACEEE. “Demand response programs can reduce utilities’ peak demand an average of 10%, complementing savings from energy efficiency programs”<span> </span><a href=\"http://aceee.org/blog/2017/02/demand-response-programs-can-reduce\">http://aceee.org/blog/2017/02/demand-response-programs-can-reduce</a> (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a><span> </span>US DOE. “Benefits of Demand Response in Electricity Markets and Recommendations for Achieving Them.” &gt;<a href=\"https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/report-lbnl-1252d.pdf\">https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/report-lbnl-1252d.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ieadsm.org/\">The IEA Demand-Side Management Programme</a><em><i><span> </span>– An international collaboration of 20 countries working together to develop and promote opportunities for demand-side management (DSM)</i></em></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://drrc.lbl.gov/tools/demand-response-quick-assessment-tool-drqat\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – Demand Response Quick Assessment Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/bpu/commercial/demandresponse.html\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities – Commercial Demand Response Filings</a></li>\n<li>PJM\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/demand-response.aspx\">Demand Response – Data and Reports</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://learn.pjm.com/three-priorities/buying-and-selling-energy/markets-faqs/what-is-demand-response.aspx\">Demand Response FAQs</a><u></u></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>NJ Utility Demand Response Information\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.pseg.com/home/save/manage_costs/cycling_events.jsp\">PSEG</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/csp.html\">JCPL</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://energywiserewards.atlanticcityelectric.com/\">ACE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en/save-money/rebates-incentives-credits/rebates-incentives-tax-credits-for-commercial-and-industrial-customers/choose-smart-usage-rewards\">RECO</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://rmi.org/insights/reports/economics-demand-flexibility/\">Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) – Economics of Demand Flexibility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sepapower.org/about/\">Smart Electric Power Alliance (SEPA)</a><em><i><span> </span>– The trade association for companies that provide products and services in the areas of demand response, smart meters and smart grid technologies</i></em></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/oe/services/electricity-policy-coordination-and-implementation/state-and-regional-policy-assistanc-4\">US DOE Demand Response</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Demand Response and Peak Load Management','','publish','closed','closed','','nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management','','','2022-04-21 20:03:09','2022-04-21 20:03:09','',0,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2067',0,'post','',0),(2069,3,'2022-04-21 20:03:05','2022-04-21 20:03:05','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Demand Response and Peak Load Management\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand response refers to strategies employed by utilities that use time-based financial incentives to modify consumer electricity consumption during periods of peak demand, power scarcity, grid congestion or an anticipated grid outage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>The cost of electricity from the consumer’s perspective usually reflects the average cost to generate electricity throughout the day or year. Reducing peak demand reduces the cost of electricity by reducing the need for additional generation capacity and avoiding the construction and maintenance costs associated with “peakers” or standby energy plants. Utility companies often charge flat rates for energy consumption. These flat rates do not factor in the different costs of supplying energy during different times or usage levels. Energy usage peaks from air conditioner use on hot days and when people come home from work between the hours of 2 pm and 7 pm. Figure 1 illustrates the results of shifting energy use away from peak hours.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<ul></ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_269\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1198\"]<img class=\"wp-image-269 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Demand-Response-and-Peak-Load-Management-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Shifting Demand (Source: MIT).\" width=\"1198\" height=\"760\" /> Figure 1 – Shifting Demand (Source: MIT).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Increased peak demand strains the electric system, increases emissions, and adds to energy costs. In a demand response program, homeowners manage the amount and timing of energy consumption to maximize energy efficiency and reduce energy costs by shedding loads or shifting activities to off-peak hours, which often coincide with lower energy prices or incentive payments. Demand response may include interrupting demand for a short period or adjusting demand levels by shedding or shifting loads or storing energy. For example, homeowners can manually adjust or automatically set smart thermostats to cycle off during periods of peak demand and to cycle back on during off-peak hours, potentially lowering energy use and electricity bills. Advances in smart grid infrastructure including smart metering technologies have expanded the range of available demand response programs and dynamic price offerings.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Demand response programs often utilize dynamic pricing models such as time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, variable peak pricing, critical peak pricing, critical time rebates or peak time rebates.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Smart metering and energy management systems provide detailed consumption and cost information, often in easy to ready visual displays that allow homeowners to make informed decisions concerning overall energy usage and energy use patterns at various time intervals. Demand response enabled devices such as smart thermostats and smart water heaters can signal consumers to adjust electricity consumption manually or allow utilities or aggregators to automatically turn off air-conditioning units or water heaters to avoid peak load issues (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls, and Smart Meters</i></em>). Demand response programs can also signal residences with on-site renewable energy generation and storage capabilities to use, store, or sell renewable energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand (see<span> </span><em><i>Alternative Transportation, Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</i></em>). Additionally, utilities can notify demand response participants of a potential grid failure, and incentivize participants to reduce energy use, switch to on-site generation, backup power or a combination of these load management strategies.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Incorporate a Demand Response Program or Peak Load Management?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Check with your local utility to find out about available demand response programs, eligibility requirements, and offerings in your building’s service area. Smart energy management systems and smart metering technologies provide the data and two-way communication necessary for participation in many demand response programs (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Metering</i></em>). Other demand response enable devices may include lighting controls, appliances, air conditioning units, and water heaters (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<p>Peak load management strategies may include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Activating, or turning on equipment sequentially, rather than all at once.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>“Coasting” the last hours of operation – turning down or off systems (such as temperature control, ventilation) while maintaining adequate levels of comfort.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Load shedding or switching loads such as running the dishwasher or washing machine during off-peak hours.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></sup></li>\n<li>Load shifting or moving consumption to off-peak periods, such as pre-heating water heaters to a higher temperature and then allowing the temperature to fall naturally during a load reduction.</li>\n<li>Load-displacement or offsetting peak demand with on-site generation such as renewable sources and battery energy storage.</li>\n<li>Demand flexibility or communication and control technologies that allow significant loads to continuously respond to changing renewable supply levels, particularly wind and solar, and other market signals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p>Atlantic City Electric offers a demand response program for their residential customers called<span> </span><a href=\"https://energywiserewards.atlanticcityelectric.com/index.php\">Energy Wise Rewards</a>. Participants in the program have a device installed on their central air conditioning units, which allows for remote turn-off by utilities during peak periods during the summer months. Jersey Central Power and Light (JCP&amp;L) has a similar program called<span> </span><a href=\"http://easygreen-jcpl.com/resident/info\">EasyGreen</a>. PSE&amp;G ran a pilot program called MyPower in 2006 and 2007, but as of this writing, there is no comprehensive residential demand management program available.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand Response programs supported by smart grid and smart metering infrastructure provide multiple benefits to utilities, energy consumers, and the grid. By accounting for the real-time cost, availability, and source of electricity, and reducing peak consumption, demand response programs:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encourage energy conservation and reduce overall energy consumption eliminating the need for building new or maintaining older, less-efficient standby energy plants, passing savings onto ratepayers in the form of reduced electrical bills or incentive payments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduce strain on the grid and increases grid reliability by reducing grid congestion, better balancing of supply and demand, and decreasing supply interruptions and losses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Facilitate the use and integration of cleaner energy sources<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a><span> </span>by adjusting demand to match intermittent wind and solar supplies.</li>\n<li>Promote energy storage technologies, such as Vehicle-to-Grid (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</i></em>) that can shift load consumption to optimal times or provide backup power to the grid like a generator and support distributed renewables generation.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Establishing a demand response program and offering dynamic pricing to reduce peak demand may be cheaper and faster for a utility than building a peaker plant to meet increased demand. Demand response programs can encourage customers to modify their consumption behavior and reduce electric bills. Smart home and demand response enabling technologies, including smart energy management systems and smart metering are becoming more user-friendly, cost-competitive and widespread in the marketplace. As distributed energy resource capacity, including battery storage, grows so does the ability to shift loads and take advantage of potential cost savings and incentives offered by demand response and dynamic pricing programs.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand response reduces stress on the electricity grid during times of prolonged disaster or shifts in weather. Demand response programs enable utility programs to reduce electricity demand, especially at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by avoiding system outages. Demand response programs also increase resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Connected Devices Alliance. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<span> </span><a href=\"https://cda.iea-4e.org/\">https://cda.iea-4e.org</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Applied Energy Journal  “Demand Side Management in a Day-Ahead Wholesale Market: A Comparison of Industrial &amp; Social Welfare Approaches” (MIT)<span> </span><a href=\"https://amfarid.scripts.mit.edu/wpblog/tag/graph-theory/Flex\">https://amfarid.scripts.mit.edu/wpblog/tag/graph-theory/Flex</a><span> </span> (accessed  April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Smart grids are electricity supply networks that use digital communications technology to detect and react to changes in energy supply and demand and manage the transport of electricity from generation sources to end users.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Smart Electric Power Alliance. 2017. “2017 Utility Demand Response Market Snapshot.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://sepapower.org/resource/2017-utility-demand-response-market-snapshot/thank-you/\">https://sepapower.org/resource/2017-utility-demand-response-market-snapshot/thank-you/</a><span> </span>(accessed September 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>BOMA International. “30 Ways to Save Energy – for little or no cost.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.boma.org/research/Documents/Find%20a%20Resource/BEEPChecklist_final.pdf\">http://www.boma.org/research/Documents/Find%20a%20Resource/BEEPChecklist_final.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Energy Exchange. Peak Shaving.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.eex.gov.au/opportunity/peak-shaving\">https://www.eex.gov.au/opportunity/peak-shaving</a><span> </span>(accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI). “Demand Flexibility: The Key to Enabling a Low-Cost, Low-Carbon Grid.” Insight Brief. Feb 2018.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Insight_Brief_Demand_Flexibility_2018.pdf\">https://www.rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Insight_Brief_Demand_Flexibility_2018.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>Electric Energy Online. PSE&amp;G’s MyPower Pricing Pilot Program Wins National Recognition.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.electricenergyonline.com/?page=show_news&amp;id=83413\">http://www.electricenergyonline.com/?page=show_news&amp;id=83413</a><span> </span>(accessed October 26, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>ACEEE. “Demand response programs can reduce utilities’ peak demand an average of 10%, complementing savings from energy efficiency programs”<span> </span><a href=\"http://aceee.org/blog/2017/02/demand-response-programs-can-reduce\">http://aceee.org/blog/2017/02/demand-response-programs-can-reduce</a> (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a><span> </span>US DOE. “Benefits of Demand Response in Electricity Markets and Recommendations for Achieving Them.” &gt;<a href=\"https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/report-lbnl-1252d.pdf\">https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/report-lbnl-1252d.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ieadsm.org/\">The IEA Demand-Side Management Programme</a><em><i><span> </span>– An international collaboration of 20 countries working together to develop and promote opportunities for demand-side management (DSM)</i></em></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://drrc.lbl.gov/tools/demand-response-quick-assessment-tool-drqat\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – Demand Response Quick Assessment Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/bpu/commercial/demandresponse.html\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities – Commercial Demand Response Filings</a></li>\n<li>PJM\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/demand-response.aspx\">Demand Response – Data and Reports</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://learn.pjm.com/three-priorities/buying-and-selling-energy/markets-faqs/what-is-demand-response.aspx\">Demand Response FAQs</a><u></u></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>NJ Utility Demand Response Information\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.pseg.com/home/save/manage_costs/cycling_events.jsp\">PSEG</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/csp.html\">JCPL</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://energywiserewards.atlanticcityelectric.com/\">ACE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en/save-money/rebates-incentives-credits/rebates-incentives-tax-credits-for-commercial-and-industrial-customers/choose-smart-usage-rewards\">RECO</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://rmi.org/insights/reports/economics-demand-flexibility/\">Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) – Economics of Demand Flexibility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sepapower.org/about/\">Smart Electric Power Alliance (SEPA)</a><em><i><span> </span>– The trade association for companies that provide products and services in the areas of demand response, smart meters and smart grid technologies</i></em></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/oe/services/electricity-policy-coordination-and-implementation/state-and-regional-policy-assistanc-4\">US DOE Demand Response</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Views and Operable Windows','','inherit','closed','closed','','2067-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 20:03:05','2022-04-21 20:03:05','',2067,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2069',0,'revision','',0),(2071,3,'2022-04-21 20:03:09','2022-04-21 20:03:09','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Demand Response and Peak Load Management\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>Demand Response and Peak Load Management</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand response refers to strategies employed by utilities that use time-based financial incentives to modify consumer electricity consumption during periods of peak demand, power scarcity, grid congestion or an anticipated grid outage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>The cost of electricity from the consumer’s perspective usually reflects the average cost to generate electricity throughout the day or year. Reducing peak demand reduces the cost of electricity by reducing the need for additional generation capacity and avoiding the construction and maintenance costs associated with “peakers” or standby energy plants. Utility companies often charge flat rates for energy consumption. These flat rates do not factor in the different costs of supplying energy during different times or usage levels. Energy usage peaks from air conditioner use on hot days and when people come home from work between the hours of 2 pm and 7 pm. Figure 1 illustrates the results of shifting energy use away from peak hours.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>\n<ul></ul>\n<p><span></span></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_269\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1198\"]<img class=\"wp-image-269 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Demand-Response-and-Peak-Load-Management-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Shifting Demand (Source: MIT).\" width=\"1198\" height=\"760\" /> Figure 1 – Shifting Demand (Source: MIT).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Increased peak demand strains the electric system, increases emissions, and adds to energy costs. In a demand response program, homeowners manage the amount and timing of energy consumption to maximize energy efficiency and reduce energy costs by shedding loads or shifting activities to off-peak hours, which often coincide with lower energy prices or incentive payments. Demand response may include interrupting demand for a short period or adjusting demand levels by shedding or shifting loads or storing energy. For example, homeowners can manually adjust or automatically set smart thermostats to cycle off during periods of peak demand and to cycle back on during off-peak hours, potentially lowering energy use and electricity bills. Advances in smart grid infrastructure including smart metering technologies have expanded the range of available demand response programs and dynamic price offerings.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></sup></p>\n<p>Demand response programs often utilize dynamic pricing models such as time-of-use pricing, real-time pricing, variable peak pricing, critical peak pricing, critical time rebates or peak time rebates.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Smart metering and energy management systems provide detailed consumption and cost information, often in easy to ready visual displays that allow homeowners to make informed decisions concerning overall energy usage and energy use patterns at various time intervals. Demand response enabled devices such as smart thermostats and smart water heaters can signal consumers to adjust electricity consumption manually or allow utilities or aggregators to automatically turn off air-conditioning units or water heaters to avoid peak load issues (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls, and Smart Meters</i></em>). Demand response programs can also signal residences with on-site renewable energy generation and storage capabilities to use, store, or sell renewable energy back to the grid and encourage electric vehicle charging during off-peak, low-cost hours or charging back to the grid during periods of peak demand (see<span> </span><em><i>Alternative Transportation, Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</i></em>). Additionally, utilities can notify demand response participants of a potential grid failure, and incentivize participants to reduce energy use, switch to on-site generation, backup power or a combination of these load management strategies.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Incorporate a Demand Response Program or Peak Load Management?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Check with your local utility to find out about available demand response programs, eligibility requirements, and offerings in your building’s service area. Smart energy management systems and smart metering technologies provide the data and two-way communication necessary for participation in many demand response programs (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Metering</i></em>). Other demand response enable devices may include lighting controls, appliances, air conditioning units, and water heaters (see<span> </span><em><i>Smart Sensors and Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<p>Peak load management strategies may include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Activating, or turning on equipment sequentially, rather than all at once.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></li>\n<li>“Coasting” the last hours of operation – turning down or off systems (such as temperature control, ventilation) while maintaining adequate levels of comfort.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Load shedding or switching loads such as running the dishwasher or washing machine during off-peak hours.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></sup></li>\n<li>Load shifting or moving consumption to off-peak periods, such as pre-heating water heaters to a higher temperature and then allowing the temperature to fall naturally during a load reduction.</li>\n<li>Load-displacement or offsetting peak demand with on-site generation such as renewable sources and battery energy storage.</li>\n<li>Demand flexibility or communication and control technologies that allow significant loads to continuously respond to changing renewable supply levels, particularly wind and solar, and other market signals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p>Atlantic City Electric offers a demand response program for their residential customers called<span> </span><a href=\"https://energywiserewards.atlanticcityelectric.com/index.php\">Energy Wise Rewards</a>. Participants in the program have a device installed on their central air conditioning units, which allows for remote turn-off by utilities during peak periods during the summer months. Jersey Central Power and Light (JCP&amp;L) has a similar program called<span> </span><a href=\"http://easygreen-jcpl.com/resident/info\">EasyGreen</a>. PSE&amp;G ran a pilot program called MyPower in 2006 and 2007, but as of this writing, there is no comprehensive residential demand management program available.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand Response programs supported by smart grid and smart metering infrastructure provide multiple benefits to utilities, energy consumers, and the grid. By accounting for the real-time cost, availability, and source of electricity, and reducing peak consumption, demand response programs:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encourage energy conservation and reduce overall energy consumption eliminating the need for building new or maintaining older, less-efficient standby energy plants, passing savings onto ratepayers in the form of reduced electrical bills or incentive payments.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduce strain on the grid and increases grid reliability by reducing grid congestion, better balancing of supply and demand, and decreasing supply interruptions and losses.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Facilitate the use and integration of cleaner energy sources<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a><span> </span>by adjusting demand to match intermittent wind and solar supplies.</li>\n<li>Promote energy storage technologies, such as Vehicle-to-Grid (see<span> </span><em><i>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</i></em>) that can shift load consumption to optimal times or provide backup power to the grid like a generator and support distributed renewables generation.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Establishing a demand response program and offering dynamic pricing to reduce peak demand may be cheaper and faster for a utility than building a peaker plant to meet increased demand. Demand response programs can encourage customers to modify their consumption behavior and reduce electric bills. Smart home and demand response enabling technologies, including smart energy management systems and smart metering are becoming more user-friendly, cost-competitive and widespread in the marketplace. As distributed energy resource capacity, including battery storage, grows so does the ability to shift loads and take advantage of potential cost savings and incentives offered by demand response and dynamic pricing programs.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Demand response reduces stress on the electricity grid during times of prolonged disaster or shifts in weather. Demand response programs enable utility programs to reduce electricity demand, especially at times of system peak and increase grid reliability by avoiding system outages. Demand response programs also increase resiliency by supporting the smart grid, which aims to diversify and strengthen the electric grid through better energy management and the integration of cleaner energy sources such as wind and solar as well as electric vehicle charging and energy storage.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Connected Devices Alliance. “Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes.” March 2018.<span> </span><a href=\"https://cda.iea-4e.org/\">https://cda.iea-4e.org</a><span> </span>(accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Applied Energy Journal  “Demand Side Management in a Day-Ahead Wholesale Market: A Comparison of Industrial &amp; Social Welfare Approaches” (MIT)<span> </span><a href=\"https://amfarid.scripts.mit.edu/wpblog/tag/graph-theory/Flex\">https://amfarid.scripts.mit.edu/wpblog/tag/graph-theory/Flex</a><span> </span> (accessed  April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Smart grids are electricity supply networks that use digital communications technology to detect and react to changes in energy supply and demand and manage the transport of electricity from generation sources to end users.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Smart Electric Power Alliance. 2017. “2017 Utility Demand Response Market Snapshot.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://sepapower.org/resource/2017-utility-demand-response-market-snapshot/thank-you/\">https://sepapower.org/resource/2017-utility-demand-response-market-snapshot/thank-you/</a><span> </span>(accessed September 12, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>BOMA International. “30 Ways to Save Energy – for little or no cost.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.boma.org/research/Documents/Find%20a%20Resource/BEEPChecklist_final.pdf\">http://www.boma.org/research/Documents/Find%20a%20Resource/BEEPChecklist_final.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Energy Exchange. Peak Shaving.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.eex.gov.au/opportunity/peak-shaving\">https://www.eex.gov.au/opportunity/peak-shaving</a><span> </span>(accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI). “Demand Flexibility: The Key to Enabling a Low-Cost, Low-Carbon Grid.” Insight Brief. Feb 2018.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Insight_Brief_Demand_Flexibility_2018.pdf\">https://www.rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Insight_Brief_Demand_Flexibility_2018.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed May 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>Electric Energy Online. PSE&amp;G’s MyPower Pricing Pilot Program Wins National Recognition.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.electricenergyonline.com/?page=show_news&amp;id=83413\">http://www.electricenergyonline.com/?page=show_news&amp;id=83413</a><span> </span>(accessed October 26, 2010).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>ACEEE. “Demand response programs can reduce utilities’ peak demand an average of 10%, complementing savings from energy efficiency programs”<span> </span><a href=\"http://aceee.org/blog/2017/02/demand-response-programs-can-reduce\">http://aceee.org/blog/2017/02/demand-response-programs-can-reduce</a> (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-demand-response-and-peak-load-management/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a><span> </span>US DOE. “Benefits of Demand Response in Electricity Markets and Recommendations for Achieving Them.” &gt;<a href=\"https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/report-lbnl-1252d.pdf\">https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/report-lbnl-1252d.pdf</a><span> </span> (accessed April 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-alternative-transportation/\">Alternative Transportation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-storage-and-back-up-power-generation/\">Energy Storage and Back-up Power Generation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-metering/\">Smart Metering</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.ieadsm.org/\">The IEA Demand-Side Management Programme</a><em><i><span> </span>– An international collaboration of 20 countries working together to develop and promote opportunities for demand-side management (DSM)</i></em></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://drrc.lbl.gov/tools/demand-response-quick-assessment-tool-drqat\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – Demand Response Quick Assessment Tool</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/bpu/commercial/demandresponse.html\">State of NJ Board of Public Utilities – Commercial Demand Response Filings</a></li>\n<li>PJM\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/demand-response.aspx\">Demand Response – Data and Reports</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://learn.pjm.com/three-priorities/buying-and-selling-energy/markets-faqs/what-is-demand-response.aspx\">Demand Response FAQs</a><u></u></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>NJ Utility Demand Response Information\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.pseg.com/home/save/manage_costs/cycling_events.jsp\">PSEG</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.firstenergycorp.com/csp.html\">JCPL</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://energywiserewards.atlanticcityelectric.com/\">ACE</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.oru.com/en/save-money/rebates-incentives-credits/rebates-incentives-tax-credits-for-commercial-and-industrial-customers/choose-smart-usage-rewards\">RECO</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://rmi.org/insights/reports/economics-demand-flexibility/\">Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) – Economics of Demand Flexibility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sepapower.org/about/\">Smart Electric Power Alliance (SEPA)</a><em><i><span> </span>– The trade association for companies that provide products and services in the areas of demand response, smart meters and smart grid technologies</i></em></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/oe/services/electricity-policy-coordination-and-implementation/state-and-regional-policy-assistanc-4\">US DOE Demand Response</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Demand Response and Peak Load Management','','inherit','closed','closed','','2067-revision-v1','','','2022-04-21 20:03:09','2022-04-21 20:03:09','',2067,'https://devgreenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2071',0,'revision','',0),