(2504,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:18','2022-06-23 17:57:18','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Turfgrass Reduction\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Turfgrass?</h2>\n<p>Turfgrass refers to a form of grass used when growing a lawn and typically includes species such as bluegrass, rye, and fescue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>These species, referred to as conventional turf grass, grow evenly and to a uniform height when maintained. Conventional turf grass requires high levels of maintenance, irrigation, and fertilization to achieve a consistently green and manicured look. Turfgrass had become common in the United States after post-World War II when it became a mainstream middle-class status symbol. At that time many types of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers were becoming commercially available.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Alternatives to conventional turf grass lawns include replacing the lawn with native grasses or groundcover and reducing the size of the lawn by incorporating other types of natural landscaping or garden beds (see<span> </span><em>Native and Adapted Plants,<span> </span></em><em>and Wildlife Habitat</em>). There are many varieties of groundcovers, including those that are edible or flowering. Groundcover refers to plants that, once established, form a uniform layer over the ground and require little to no maintenance. Native grasses are species of grass that are native to a particular area and climate. These grasses require less maintenance and are less susceptible to pests (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Pest Management</em>).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_309\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"468\"]<img class=\"wp-image-309 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Blue Wood Sedge (Source: Courtesy of North Creek Nurseries)\" width=\"468\" height=\"494\" /> Figure 1 – Blue Wood Sedge (Source: Courtesy of North Creek Nurseries)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Reasons to consider reducing the use of turfgrass include:</p>\n<p><u>High Maintenance Requirements</u></p>\n<p>Lawns require frequent and sometimes costly maintenance. Lawn maintenance often involves hiring lawn care employees, purchasing fertilizers, and maintaining lawn care equipment. Lawns may require mowing multiple times a week during the peak growing season. During a drought, lawns require irrigation. Landscapes consume 9 billion gallons of water each day in the United States, mostly to irrigate lawns (see<span> </span><em>Water-Efficient Landscaping</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p><u>High Pollution Outputs that Create Public Health Risks</u></p>\n<p>Lawn care chemicals can pose a threat to people, pets and the environment. Studies have found numerous adverse health consequences associated with the synthetic chemicals found in traditional lawn care products, especially for children due to their size, physiological development and proximity to the ground.</p>\n<p>Lawns can also contribute to water pollution as chemicals used to treat lawns combine with stormwater runoff and flow into freshwater supplies, adversely affecting plants and animal life. Many commercial lawns require frequent fertilization to maintain quality turf grass. Excessive fertilizer use can also lead to fertilizers entering sources of drinking water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>Note that while conventional turf grass does help remove carbon dioxide from the air, the amount sequestered does not cancel out the greenhouse gas emissions produced from fertilizer production, mowing, leaf blowing and other lawn management practices (see<span> </span><em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p><u>Lack of Biodiversity</u></p>\n<p>Conventional turfgrass lawns lack biodiversity, an essential component of healthy ecosystems, and do not support a wide variety of birds, beneficial insects, small amphibians, and small land mammals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<h2>How to Reduce the Use of Turf Grass</h2>\n<p>In New Jersey, homeowners account for 76 percent of the state’s 880,542 acres of turf grass.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><span> </span>On average, lawns take up half of an average lot size.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a><span> </span>Many fiscally and environmentally responsible alternatives to lawns exist such as minimizing turfgrass areas, using more eco-friendly grass species for remaining turf areas, and planting a wide variety of low-maintenance trees, shrubs, and perennials to create garden spaces, rain gardens, and native habitats (see Rain Gardens). When designing an alternative lawn, select eco-friendly grass and grass-like species such as native sedges and meadow mixes and limit turf areas for defining garden edges, active recreation areas, pathways between planting beds and other structural and functional purposes.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Native grasses and sedges can provide a low maintenance alternative with high ecological value.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p><u>Use Groundcover or Native Grasses</u></p>\n<p>Groundcovers refer to low-growing plants including native grasses and sedges but also include taller trees and shrubs that grow together to form dense vegetation. Choose groundcovers that require little maintenance and support wildlife.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a><span> </span> Increasing the size of shrub beds and adding groundcovers can facilitate the reduction of erosion and water runoff (see<span> </span><em>Erosion Control</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Select non-invasive groundcovers that do not threaten plant biodiversity or affect wildlife that depends on native species as a food source.<span> </span><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">10</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>To select an appropriate groundcover, talk with the local cooperative extension agent and refer to the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.npsnj.org/\">NJ Native Plant Society’s</a><span> </span>listing of native and invasive species and the Native Plant Finder. Native species often vary across regions, even within New Jersey. Note that the USDA identifies New Jersey as being in Hardiness Zones 5 through 7.</li>\n<li>To contain groundcovers, install an edge barrier such as a row of low bricks or wood frame. Extend edging a few inches into the soil to contain roots.</li>\n<li>Weed and mulch groundcover regularly, especially in the first year of planting.</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/county/\">County Extension Offices</a><span> </span>trains volunteer in each county through its Master Gardeners Program to provide guidance on lawn alternatives.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Tips on Removing Lawn</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use a sod cutter to remove sections of existing lawn gradually.</li>\n<li>Remove existing lawn but do not disturb the soil as turning the soil allows weeds to compete with the new native seedlings.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Tips for Caring for Existing Lawns</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keep mower at 2 1⁄2 inches, water in the early morning and de-thatch if thatch reaches more than 1⁄2 inch in thickness. Cutting lawns too short decreases root growth.</li>\n<li>Leave clippings on the lawn as a natural source of nitrogen for the soil, recycle the clippings or start a compost pile.</li>\n<li>Reduce water needs by mulching the garden beds around an existing lawn.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Economic</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decreases maintenance costs and reduces water bills. Once established, groundcovers appropriate to the site conditions require less upkeep than conventional turf grass.</li>\n<li>Reduces costs spent on fertilizers and pesticides.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Environmental</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases in biodiversity and support of wildlife such as birds, insects, small amphibians, and small land mammals.</li>\n<li>Dense and short growing groundcover plants eliminate weeds, preserve moisture in the soil, and do not require mowing.</li>\n<li>Reduces the need for lawn irrigation.</li>\n<li>Groundcovers act as mulch, enhancing the soil.</li>\n<li>Groundcovers and native grasses require less maintenance to prevent soil erosion compared to turfgrass.</li>\n<li>Reduces toxic emissions released into the environment from lawnmowers.</li>\n<li>Reduces use of fossil fuels required by lawn and irrigation equipment.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Personal Wellness</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saves time and labor.</li>\n<li>Connects people to the natural landscape.</li>\n<li>Creates a diverse and aesthetically pleasing outdoor environment.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of lawn alternatives varies depending on the type and size of the landscape. For example, cost per square foot of alternative groundcovers depends upon the type of plants chosen and the size of the groundcover. The higher initial cost of selecting plants specific to the site pays for itself over time through reduced maintenance costs compared to less adaptive and higher-maintenance turfgrass.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Replacing conventional turf grass with native plants and water-efficient landscaping promotes resiliency by decreasing water use and reducing the reliance and stress on municipal water infrastructure. Alternatives to turf grass can also increase groundwater infiltration, helping to slow stormwater runoff and reduce erosion during flooding events. Also, replacing turf grass with diverse native plants, increases the biological diversity in a given area, which in turn, enhances the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>American-Lawns. “Mixtures and Blends.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.american-lawns.com/grasses/grass.html\">http://www.american-lawns.com/grasses/grass.html</a><span> </span>(accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a>  University of Delaware College of Agriculture &amp; Natural Resources. “Turf Grass Madness: Reasons to Reduce the Lawn in Your Landscape.” <span> </span><a href=\"http://ag.udel.edu/udbg/sl/vegetation/Turf_Grass_Madness.pdf\">http://ag.udel.edu/udbg/sl/vegetation/Turf_Grass_Madness.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>U.S. EPA.  Outdoor Water Use in the United States. <span> </span><a href=\"https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/www3/watersense/pubs/outdoor.html\">https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/www3/watersense/pubs/outdoor.html</a><span> </span>(accessed March 22, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>US EPA, University of West Virginia. “Managing Turfgrass and Garden Fertilizer Application to Prevent Contamination of Drinking Water.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://nesc.wvu.edu/smart/training/toolkit/page1/SWPPT_bulletins/turfgrass.pdf\">http://nesc.wvu.edu/smart/training/toolkit/page1/SWPPT_bulletins/turfgrass.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>University of California, Irvine.  Turfgrass.<span> </span><a href=\"https://news.uci.edu/2010/01/19/turfgrass/\">https://news.uci.edu/2010/01/19/turfgrass/</a>  (accessed March 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>NJ DEP. 2015. New Jersey Natural Heritage Program.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/\">https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/</a><span> </span>(accessed Sept 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>880,542 acres is equal to 18 percent of NJ’s total land area.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.turf.rutgers.edu/outreach/econsurvexecsummfullreport.pdf\">www.turf.rutgers.edu/outreach/econsurvexecsummfullreport.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>The Center for Turf grass Science. The New Jersey Turf grass Industry Economic Survey. February 2007.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.turf.rutgers.edu/outreach/econsurvexecsummfullreport.pdf\">www.turf.rutgers.edu/outreach/econsurvexecsummfullreport.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 15, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>Less Lawn. “Native Grass Lawns.”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.lesslawn.com/articles/article1010.html\">http://www.lesslawn.com/articles/article1010.html</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>The Nature Conservancy. Habitat Network. Native Grasses for Your Native Lawn.<span> </span><a href=\"http://content.yardmap.org/learn/native-grasses-for-your-native-lawn/\">http://content.yardmap.org/learn/native-grasses-for-your-native-lawn/</a><span> </span>(accessed November 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>University of Delaware College of Agriculture &amp; Natural Resources. “Groundcover Alternatives to Turf Grass.” <span> </span><a href=\"http://ag.udel.edu/udbg/sl/vegetation/Groundcovers.pdf\">http://ag.udel.edu/udbg/sl/vegetation/Groundcovers.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed March 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-erosion-control/\">Erosion Control</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-pest-management-ipm/\">Integrated Pest Management</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-rain-gardens/\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-wildlife-habitat/\">Wildlife Habitat</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.audubon.org/bird/at_home/pdf/AAHPA-21-32-Lawn.pdf\">Audubon Society – Lawn Alternatives</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.cleanwaternj.org/garden.html\">Clean Water NJ – In the Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/jersey-friendly-plants/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.npsnj.org/\">Native Plant Society of New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/About\">Native Plant Finder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://content.yardmap.org/learn/native-grasses-for-your-native-lawn/\">Nature Conservancy – Habitat Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/watershedrestoration/waterbook_chp6.html\">NJ DEP Lawn and Garden Care</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/county/\">Rutgers NJ Agriculture Experiment Station</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/subcategory.php?cat=5&amp;sub=35\">Commercial Turfgrass and Landscape Maintenance Fact Sheets &amp; Bulletins</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://turf.rutgers.edu/\">Center for Turfgrass Science</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html\">Rutgers Water Resource Program – Rain Garden Manual of New Jersey</a></li>\n<li>University Extension Services – Groundcovers\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://ag.udel.edu/udbg/sl/vegetation/Groundcovers.pdf\">Delaware</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170911143317/http://extension.umd.edu:80/hgic/groundcover-list\">Maryland</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://archive.epa.gov/greenbuilding/web/pdf/brochure.pdf\">US EPA Greenscapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Turfgrass Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1263-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:18','2022-06-23 17:57:18','',1263,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2504',0,'revision','',0),(2505,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:19','2022-06-23 17:57:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Turf Grass Reduction\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What is Turf Grass?</h2>\n<p>Turf grass refers to a form of grass used when growing a lawn and typically includes species such as bluegrass, rye, and fescue.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> These species, referred to as conventional turf grass, grow evenly and to a uniform height when maintained. Conventional turf grass requires high levels of maintenance, irrigation, and fertilization to achieve a consistently green and manicured look. Turf grass had become common in the United States after post-World War II when it became a mainstream middle-class status symbol. At that time many types of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers were becoming commercially available.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Alternatives to conventional turf grass lawns include replacing the lawn with native grasses or groundcover and reducing the size of the lawn by incorporating other types of natural landscaping or garden beds (see <em>Native and Adapted Plants</em>).). There are many varieties of groundcovers, including those that are edible or flowering. Groundcover refers to plants that, once established, form a uniform layer over the ground and require little to no maintenance. Native grasses are species of grass that are native to a particular area and climate. These grasses require less maintenance and are less susceptible to pests.</p>\n<p>[caption id=\"attachment_587\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"622\"]<img class=\"wp-image-587 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Turf-Grass-Reduction-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – An example of non-lawn outdoor space (Source: Ithaca College).\" width=\"622\" height=\"540\" /> Figure 1 – An example of non-lawn outdoor space (Source: Ithaca College).[/caption]</p>\n<p>Reasons to consider reducing the use of turf grass include:</p>\n<p><u>High Maintenance Requirements</u></p>\n<p>Lawns require frequent and sometimes costly maintenance. Lawn maintenance often involves hiring lawn care employees, purchasing fertilizers, and maintaining lawn care equipment. Lawns may require mowing multiple times a week during the peak growing season. During a drought, lawns require irrigation. Landscapes consume 9 billion gallons of water each day in the United States, mostly to irrigate lawns.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p><u>High Pollution Outputs that Create Public Health Risks</u></p>\n<p>Lawn care chemicals can pose a threat to people, pets and the environment. Studies have found numerous adverse health consequences associated with the synthetic chemicals found in traditional lawn care products, especially for children due to their size, physiological development and proximity to the ground.</p>\n<p>Lawns can also contribute to water pollution as chemicals used to treat lawns combine with stormwater runoff and flow into freshwater supplies, adversely affecting plants and animal life. Many commercial lawns require frequent fertilization to maintain quality turf grass. Excessive fertilizer use can also lead to fertilizers entering sources of drinking water.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>Note that while conventional turf grass does help remove carbon dioxide from the air, the amount sequestered does not cancel out the greenhouse gas emissions produced from fertilizer production, mowing, leaf blowing and other lawn management practices.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a></p>\n<p><u>Lack of Biodiversity</u></p>\n<p>Conventional turf grass lawns lack biodiversity, an essential component of healthy ecosystems, and do not support a wide variety of birds, beneficial insects, small amphibians, and small land mammals.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<h2>How to Reduce Turf Grass</h2>\n<p>Turf grass accounts for 30-40 million acres of land in the United States.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Many fiscally and environmentally responsible alternatives to lawns exist such as minimizing turfgrass areas, using more eco-friendly grass species for remaining turf areas, and planting a wide variety of low-maintenance trees, shrubs, and perennials to create garden spaces, rain gardens, and native habitats (see <em>Rain Gardens</em>). When designing an alternative lawn, select eco-friendly grass and grass-like species such as native sedges and meadow mixes and limit turf areas for defining garden edges, active recreation areas, pathways between planting beds and other structural and functional purposes. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> Native grasses and sedges can provide a low maintenance alternative with high ecological value.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p><u>Use Groundcover</u></p>\n<p>Groundcovers refer to low-growing plants including native grasses and sedges but also include taller trees and shrubs that grow together to form dense vegetation. Choose groundcovers that require little maintenance and support wildlife.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a>  Increasing the size of shrub beds and adding groundcovers can facilitate the reduction of erosion and water runoff.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Select non-invasive groundcovers that do not threaten plant biodiversity or affect wildlife that depends on native species as a food source.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>To select an appropriate groundcover, talk with the local cooperative extension agent and refer to the <a href=\"http://www.npsnj.org/\">NJ Native Plant Society’s</a> listing of native and invasive species and the <a href=\"https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/About\">Native Plant Finder</a>. Native species often vary across regions, even within New Jersey. Note that the USDA identifies New Jersey as being in Hardiness Zones 5 through 7.</li>\n<li>To contain groundcovers, install an edge barrier such as a row of low bricks or wood frame. Extend edging a few inches into the soil to contain roots.</li>\n<li>Weed and mulch groundcover regularly, especially in the first year of planting.</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/county/\">County Extension Offices</a> trains volunteer in each county through its Master Gardeners Program to provide guidance on lawn alternatives.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Tips on Removing Lawn</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use a sod cutter to remove sections of existing lawn gradually.</li>\n<li>Remove existing lawn but do not disturb the soil as turning the soil allows weeds to compete with the new native seedlings.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Tips for Caring for Existing Lawns</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Keep mower at 2 1⁄2 inches, water in the early morning and de-thatch if thatch reaches more than 1⁄2 inch in thickness. Cutting lawns too short decreases root growth.</li>\n<li>Leave clippings on the lawn as a natural source of nitrogen for the soil, recycle the clippings or start a compost pile.</li>\n<li>Reduce water needs by mulching the garden beds around an existing lawn.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Economic</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decreases maintenance costs and reduces water bills. Once established, groundcovers appropriate to the site conditions require less upkeep than conventional turf grass.</li>\n<li>Reduces costs spent on fertilizers and pesticides.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Environmental</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increases biodiversity and support of wildlife such as birds, insects, small amphibians, and small land mammals.</li>\n<li>Dense and short growing groundcover plants eliminate weeds, preserve moisture in the soil, and do not require mowing.</li>\n<li>Reduces the need for lawn irrigation (see <em>Water-Efficient Landscaping</em>).</li>\n<li>Groundcovers act as mulch, enhancing the soil.</li>\n<li>Groundcovers and native grasses require less maintenance to prevent soil erosion compared to turfgrass.</li>\n<li>Reduces toxic emissions released into the environment from lawnmowers.</li>\n<li>Reduces use of fossil fuels required by lawn and irrigation equipment.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Personal Wellness</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saves time and labor.</li>\n<li>Connects people to the natural landscape.</li>\n<li>Creates a diverse and aesthetically pleasing outdoor environment.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of lawn alternatives varies depending on the type and size of the landscape. For example, cost per square foot of alternative groundcovers depends upon the type of plants chosen and the size of the groundcover. The higher initial cost of selecting plants specific to the site pays for itself over time through reduced maintenance costs compared to less adaptive and higher-maintenance turf grass.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Replacing conventional turf grass with native plants and water-efficient landscaping promotes resiliency by decreasing water use and reducing the reliance and stress on municipal water infrastructure. Alternatives to turf grass can also increase groundwater infiltration, helping to slow stormwater runoff and reduce erosion during flooding events. Also, replacing turf grass with diverse native plants increases the biological diversity in a given area, which in turn, enhances the ability of the natural system to rebound after a disturbance.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> American-Lawns. “Mixtures and Blends.” <a href=\"http://www.american-lawns.com/grasses/grass.html\">http://www.american-lawns.com/grasses/grass.html</a> (accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> University of Delaware College of Agriculture &amp; Natural Resources. “Turf Grass Madness: Reasons to Reduce the Lawn in Your Landscape.”  <a href=\"http://ag.udel.edu/udbg/sl/vegetation/Turf_Grass_Madness.pdf\">http://ag.udel.edu/udbg/sl/vegetation/Turf_Grass_Madness.pdf</a> (accessed March 22, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> U.S. EPA.  Outdoor Water Use in the United States.  <a href=\"https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/www3/watersense/pubs/outdoor.html\">https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/www3/watersense/pubs/outdoor.html</a> (accessed March 22, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US EPA, University of West Virginia. “Managing Turfgrass and Garden Fertilizer Application to Prevent Contamination of Drinking Water.” <a href=\"http://nesc.wvu.edu/smart/training/toolkit/page1/SWPPT_bulletins/turfgrass.pdf\">http://nesc.wvu.edu/smart/training/toolkit/page1/SWPPT_bulletins/turfgrass.pdf</a> (accessed March 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> University of California, Irvine.  Turfgrass. <a href=\"https://news.uci.edu/2010/01/19/turfgrass/\">https://news.uci.edu/2010/01/19/turfgrass/</a>  (accessed March 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> NJ DEP. 2015. New Jersey Natural Heritage Program. <a href=\"https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/\">https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/</a> (accessed Sept 20, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Earth Institute at Columbia University.  “The Problem of Lawns.” <a href=\"http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2010/06/04/the-problem-of-lawns/\">http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2010/06/04/the-problem-of-lawns/</a> (accessed March 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Less Lawn. “Native Grass Lawns.” <a href=\"http://www.lesslawn.com/articles/article1010.html\">http://www.lesslawn.com/articles/article1010.html</a> (accessed March 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> The Nature Conservancy. Habitat Network. Native Grasses for your Native Lawn. <a href=\"http://content.yardmap.org/learn/native-grasses-for-your-native-lawn/\">http://content.yardmap.org/learn/native-grasses-for-your-native-lawn/</a> (accessed November 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> University of Delaware College of Agriculture &amp; Natural Resources. “Groundcover Alternatives to Turf Grass.”  <a href=\"http://ag.udel.edu/udbg/sl/vegetation/Groundcovers.pdf\">http://ag.udel.edu/udbg/sl/vegetation/Groundcovers.pdf</a> (accessed March 23, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/turf-grass-reduction/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Ibid.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-native-and-adapted-plants/\">Native and Adapted Plants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/rain-gardens-and-cisterns/\">Rain Gardens</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-water-efficient-landscaping/\">Water-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.audubon.org/bird/at_home/pdf/AAHPA-21-32-Lawn.pdf\">Audubon Society – Lawn Alternatives</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.cleanwaternj.org/garden.html\">Clean Water NJ – In the Garden</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.jerseyyards.org/jersey-friendly-plants/\">Jersey-Friendly Yards</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.npsnj.org/\">Native Plant Society of New Jersey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/About\">Native Plant Finder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://content.yardmap.org/learn/native-grasses-for-your-native-lawn/\">Nature Conservancy – Habitat Network</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nj.gov/dep/watershedrestoration/waterbook_chp6.html\">NJ DEP Lawn and Garden Care</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/county/\">Rutgers NJ Agriculture Experiment Station</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/subcategory.php?cat=5&amp;sub=35\">Commercial Turfgrass and Landscape Maintenance Fact Sheets &amp; Bulletins</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://turf.rutgers.edu/\">Center for Turfgrass Science</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"http://water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/RGWebsite/RainGardenManualofNJ.html\">Rutgers Water Resource Program – Rain Garden Manual of New Jersey</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>University Extension Services – Groundcovers</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://ag.udel.edu/udbg/sl/vegetation/Groundcovers.pdf\">Delaware</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170911143317/http://extension.umd.edu:80/hgic/groundcover-list\">Maryland</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>US Environmental Protection Agency</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://archive.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/tools/greenscapes/web/html/brochure.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">US EPA Greenscapes: Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Turf Grass Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1134-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:19','2022-06-23 17:57:19','',1134,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2505',0,'revision','',0),(2506,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:26','2022-06-23 17:57:26','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_582\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"894\"]<img class=\"wp-image-582 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Daylighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).\" width=\"894\" height=\"540\" /> Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).[/caption]<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for daylighting involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts. The following outlines steps to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into new commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Daylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/case_hl.php\">The Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Office Building, NJ</a></p>\n<p>This building uses several design strategies to bring daylight into a massive central core building including small interior atriums, light shelves, and prismatic glazing.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></p>\n<p>This case study and design guide examine combinations of window area, shading devices, and glazing types to maximize daylighting and save energy.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Controlled, natural lighting provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting design should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process.  The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building provides interior light to building occupants, reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a>  (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a> (accessed September 10, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) – Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Other</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1146-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:26','2022-06-23 17:57:26','',1146,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2506',0,'revision','',0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (2507,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:26','2022-06-23 17:57:26','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting design illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see<span> </span><em><i>Integrated Design Process</i></em>,<span> </span><em><i>Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction<span> </span></i></em>and<span> </span><em><i>Sensor Controls).</i></em></p>\n<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see<span> </span><em><i>Natural Ventilation<span> </span></i></em>and<span> </span><em><i>Energy Efficient Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup><span> </span>The design and choice of window glazing affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Skylights, solar tubes, clerestory windows, and cupolas can also help introduce and balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, awnings, and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also help distribute natural light. Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see<span> </span><em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_316\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"wp-image-316 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Daylighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – House with cupola (Source: The Cupola House http://www.cupolahouse.org/)\" width=\"600\" height=\"716\" /> Figure 1 – House with cupola (Source: The Cupola House http://www.cupolahouse.org/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for daylighting involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts. The following outlines steps to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Daylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools, which can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a><span> </span>by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a><span> </span>by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved life-cycle cost, reduced emissions, and reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.</li>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see<span> </span><em><i>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improved occupant satisfaction and comfort based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for daylighting should be integral to the design process and should not impose a significant impact on project costs if considered from the early stages of design. Windows with more than one pane and glazing to control temperature fluctuations and reduce UV exposure tend to cost more than conventional windows. Increasing the window to wall ratio to promote natural daylighting cost more than the construction of standard walls. The average national cost of window installation is $5,040, with most homeowners spending between $2,584 and $7,497 depending on materials, features, and size.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Structures such as a copula require more materials and are more technically challenging to build and incur additional costs.  Additional upfront costs associated with daylighting strategies or hiring a daylighting consultant typically pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized home continues to provide interior light to occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32.<span> </span><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>WBDG. Daylighting.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a><span> </span>(accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>HomeAdvisor – True Cost Guide – Installing Windows<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/doors-and-windows/install-windows/\">https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/doors-and-windows/install-windows/</a><span> </span>(accessed April 6, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/design_daylight.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – Providing Natural Light</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE – Tips for Daylighting With Windows: The Integrated Approach</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/patternBook.asp?id=13306\">Leslie, Russell P.; Conway, Kathryn M. (2007 online) <em><i>The Lighting Pattern Book for Homes.</i></em></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute -Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/daylighting\">US DOE Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) Daylighting</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1276-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:26','2022-06-23 17:57:26','',1276,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2507',0,'revision','',0),(2508,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:27','2022-06-23 17:57:27','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\nDaylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).\n\nBuilding orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_116\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"692\"]<img class=\"wp-image-116 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Daylighting-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"692\" height=\"518\" /> Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\nDesigning for daylighting in existing buildings involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current daylight levels and identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step to a daylighting and lighting upgrade is to conduct a lighting audit or survey that establishes information about all the lighting technologies and consumption patterns in a building.  Use <u><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a></u> to benchmark energy usage and identify lighting upgrade opportunities.\n\nThe following steps outline strategies to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into lighting upgrade projects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>\n<ol>\n	<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n	<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n	<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\nWhile daylighting strategies, such as maximizing southern building orientation, may not be technically or financially feasible for a renovation project, many daylighting strategies are available for existing buildings, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>\n<ul>\n	<li>Opening the building perimeter to office space.</li>\n	<li>Transferring light through perimeter spaces through lower partitions or by replacing opaque panels with transparent or translucent panels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Exposing closed-off overhead glazing.</li>\n	<li>Creating light shelves for high spaces.</li>\n	<li>Adding skylights, clerestories, atria, or roof monitors.</li>\n	<li>Improving reflectance values for ceiling tiles, walls, and carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\nDaylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools, which can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a>\n\n<u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a></u> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.\n\n<u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a></u> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.\n\nFor daylighting strategies specific to existing commercial projects, see Guide 5 of the <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></u><em>. </em>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<u><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/existingcommercial/casestudies/atriumii.php\">Atrium II, Secaucus, NJ </a></u>\n\nRenovations to Atrium II, a 260,000 square foot office building in Secaucus, NJ, included improved daylighting through upgrades to the building envelope and the installation of lighting controls such as timers, photocells, and motion sensors.\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></u>\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits </b></strong></h2>\nControlled, natural lighting can lead to many improvements:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\nThe cost associated with integrating daylighting strategies into an existing building varies depending on the scope of the project. The design and material selected for interior or exterior shading and solar control devices, for example, impacts the cost. There is a range of options available from very low-cost solutions such as rearranging the layout of a room to a more comprehensive approach of adding integrated lighting controls and shading devices. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building continues to provide interior light to building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <u><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a></u>  (accessed September 10, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <u><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a></u> (accessed September 10, 2018)\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines. <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf</a></u><em> (accessed April 4, 2018).</em>\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> California Energy Commission (CEC) and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid. CEC and Heschong Mahone Group.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <u><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a></u> (accessed July 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <u><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences – Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1889-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:27','2022-06-23 17:57:27','',1889,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2508',0,'revision','',0),(2509,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:35','2022-06-23 17:57:35','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_582\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"894\"]<img class=\"wp-image-582 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Daylighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).\" width=\"894\" height=\"540\" /> Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).[/caption]<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for daylighting involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts. The following outlines steps to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into new commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Daylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119120119/https://www.commercialwindows.org/case_hl.php\">The Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Office Building, NJ</a></p>\n<p>This building uses several design strategies to bring daylight into a massive central core building including small interior atriums, light shelves, and prismatic glazing.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></p>\n<p>This case study and design guide examine combinations of window area, shading devices, and glazing types to maximize daylighting and save energy.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Controlled, natural lighting provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting design should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process.  The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building provides interior light to building occupants, reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a>  (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a> (accessed September 10, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) – Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Other</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1146-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:35','2022-06-23 17:57:35','',1146,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2509',0,'revision','',0),(2510,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:47','2022-06-23 17:57:47','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Glare and Heat Gain Reduction\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Glare and Heat Gain Reduction?</h2>\n<p>Glare occurs when sunlight or artificial light inhibits a person from visually focusing on his or her task either by casting a veil of light between the task and the viewer or by flooding the eyes with light. For example, sun glare on a document makes the black text almost as bright as the white background, reducing the contrast and making the document difficult to read.</p>\n<p>Heat gain describes when solar radiation or warmth enters a building through windows, skylights or other glazing systems. Maximizing heat gain during the winter through passive solar strategies and minimizing heat gain and reducing cooling loads during the summer, while maintaining daylighting quality, provides energy and cost savings and enhances thermal comfort (see <em>Daylighting</em>).</p>\n<p>Reducing glare and heat gain requires balancing electrical lighting and daylighting goals and utilizing protective barriers such as high-performance window glazing systems and external or internal physical barriers such as shades, blinds, awnings, overhangs or vegetation (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems</em>, <em>Energy-Efficient Windows, </em>and <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_179\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"552\"]<img class=\"wp-image-179 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"552\" height=\"488\" /> Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_588\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"586\"]<img class=\"wp-image-588 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"586\" height=\"458\" /> Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for glare and heat gain reduction involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). For example, building orientation, window glazing, and shading devices influence lighting design, mechanical systems, and interior design (see <em>Building Orientation</em>).</p>\n<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement, impacts daylighting levels and visual and thermal comfort (see <em>Energy-Efficient Windows</em>). A daylighting-optimized building designed to reduce glare and control heat gains maximizes southern and northern exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Taking advantage of sunlight during the winter through high-performance windows can also help heat the building naturally and alleviate the dependence on the mechanical heating system.</p>\n<p>The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) indicates how much of the sun’s solar energy transmits through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential increases. Visible transmittance (VT) refers to the amount of visible light transmitted through the window. A higher VT means more daylight in a space. Advances in high-performance tinted glass and low-solar-gain low-e coatings reduce solar heat gain while maintaining visible transmittance. Using high-performance windows to provide solar control reduces the need for operating shades, resulting in increased daylight and unobstructed views.</p>\n<p>Project-specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting or lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Use simulation programs such as the <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/new_selection1.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative Window Selection Tool</a> or <a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen\">Berkeley Lab’s RESFEN</a> to determine energy-efficient and cost-effective window options. Look for the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">ENERGY STAR label</a>, which sets standards for energy-efficiency that often exceed local energy code requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>When selecting a window based on performance, look for visible transmittance (VT) levels higher than (&gt; 70%), especially for daylighting applications (see <em>Daylighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, EnergyStar recommends SHGC of 0.4 (40%) or lower for buildings with moderate air conditioning requirements. Look for SHGC values of 0.25 or less for buildings with significant air conditioning costs or summer overheating problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, a U-factor of <u>&lt;</u> 0.25 is recommended for high-performance buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Managing solar heat gains on the exterior of the building prevents heat from entering the building in the first place. In combination with high-performance glazing systems, consider shading devices early in the design process to achieve a well-integrated architectural design.</p>\n<p>Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light.</p>\n<p>Interior glare control devices, such as Venetian blinds, miniblinds, vertical<br />slatted blinds, pleated and honeycomb shades, and roll-down shades can reduce direct sunlight and glare but are less effective at reducing cooling loads since they only block sunlight and do not prevent solar gains from entering the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Motorized and automated shading systems use sensors, time clocks, a building automation system or occupant control to adjust the position of window coverings to reduce glare, daylighting or privacy levels or heat gain (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).</p>\n<p>Natural landscaping such as mature trees or hedgerows can provide shading. Plant a shade tree near the window or skylight to shade it during the summer months and let as much light and heat in as possible during the winter months (see <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/pdf/SmithCaseStudyFinal.pdf\">Smith Middle School Chapel Hill, NC.</a></p>\n<p>This case study documents that proper daylighting design that addresses glare and heat gain reductions can result in energy savings (64% reduction in lighting energy), occupant comfort (teachers and students favor daylighting in the classrooms) and return on investment (4.2 years).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a>.</p>\n<p>This case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Effectively managing glare and heat gains offers multiple benefits, including:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced peak heat gain and cooling requirements in the summer and maximized solar heat gain in winter, leading to mechanical equipment downsizing, saving capital costs, and reducing mechanical loads and operating expenses (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC System)</em>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n<li>Improved daylighting design, reducing electrical lighting requirements.</li>\n<li>Diminished ultraviolet (UV) and other solar radiation which causes fading of fabrics and furnishings.</li>\n<li>Added environmental benefits such as stormwater management and occupant benefits including views and connection to nature by utilizing energy-efficient landscaping.</li>\n<li>Increased occupant visual and thermal comfort by managing glare and solar heat gains resulting in increased occupant satisfaction and productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></li>\n<li>Enhanced visual interest in building design through the use of shading devices, building orientation and architectural form.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Costs vary depending on the types of strategies implemented. Designing for glare and heat gain reduction should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<p>The cost of windows varies by project. Energy savings combined with improved visual and thermal comfort and daylighting benefits often justify the investment in high-performance windows. Available rebates and incentives can help offset upfront costs. For up-to-date information on available incentives, visit the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=windows_doors.pr_benefits\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/programs\">NJ Clean Energy Program</a> websites.</p>\n<p>The cost of planting a tree or shrub for shade may range from as little as $10 to hundreds of dollars depending on materials and labor and maturity of selected landscaping vegetation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>External window coverings range in price from low-budget options for an aluminum awning to more costly investments for a shade structure. There are also additional costs associated with maintenance of outdoor structures, notably year-round or permanently affixed shades.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage or a heat wave during the summer months, a building designed to optimize daylighting and reduce glare and heat gain can maintain comfortable internal temperatures and lighting levels for building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid by reducing the need for electrical lighting and air conditioning.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Energy Star. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Windows and Glazing. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. “Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in New Jersey.” January 2016. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US DOE. “Energy-Efficient Window Attachments.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Cost averaged from several suppliers.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls (NLCs)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.umn.edu/index.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindowcoverings.org/\">Efficient Window Coverings and Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/residential_windows_doors_and_skylights\">Energy Star – Windows, Doors, and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nfrc.org/\">National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/resource/daylighting-guide-office-interiors/\">Daylighting Guide for Office Interiors</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE – Energy Savers</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">Energy Efficient Window Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/design/windows-doors-and-skylights/energy-performance-ratings-windows-doors-and\">Energy Performance Ratings for Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/window-types-and-technologies\">Window Types and Technologies</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psheating.php\">Passive Solar Heating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">Windows and Glazing</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Glare and Heat Gain Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1150-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:47','2022-06-23 17:57:47','',1150,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2510',0,'revision','',0),(2511,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:48','2022-06-23 17:57:48','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Glare and Heat Gain Reduction\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Glare and Heat Gain Reduction?</h2>\nGlare occurs when sunlight or artificial light inhibits a person from visually focusing on his or her task either by casting a veil of light between the task and the viewer or by flooding the eyes with light. For example, sun glare on a document makes the black text almost as bright as the white background, reducing the contrast and making the document difficult to read.\n\nHeat gain describes when solar radiation or warmth enters a building through windows, skylights or other glazing systems. Maximizing heat gain during the winter through passive solar strategies and minimizing heat gain and reducing cooling loads during the summer, while maintaining daylighting quality, provides energy and cost savings and enhances thermal comfort (see <em>Daylighting</em>).\n\nReducing glare and heat gain requires balancing electrical lighting and daylighting goals and utilizing protective barriers such as high-performance window glazing systems and external or internal physical barriers such as shades, blinds, awnings, overhangs or vegetation (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems</em>, <em>Energy-Efficient Windows, </em>and <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_179\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"552\"]<img class=\"wp-image-179 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"552\" height=\"488\" /> Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_588\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"586\"]<img class=\"wp-image-588 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"586\" height=\"458\" /> Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</strong></h2>\nDesigning for glare and heat gain reduction in existing commercial building involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current glare and heat gain issues and to identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step is to conduct an energy audit to identify cost-effective strategies to reduce energy consumption and improve thermal comfort in glare and heat reduction categories such as daylighting and lighting, window replacement, and building envelope upgrades (see <em>Energy Audit</em>). Use <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a> to benchmark energy usage and identify upgrade opportunities.\n\nProject-specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting or lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a>\n\nUse simulation programs such as the <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/new_selection1.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative Window Selection Tool</a> or <a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen\">Berkeley Lab’s RESFEN</a> to determine energy-efficient and cost-effective window options. Look for the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">ENERGY STAR label</a>, which sets standards for energy-efficiency that often exceed local energy code requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>\n\nThe following strategies and information provide general guidance on reducing glare and heat gain in existing buildings:\n\nThe Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) indicates how much of the sun’s solar energy transmits through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential increases. Visible transmittance (VT) refers to the amount of visible light transmitted through the window. A higher VT means more daylight in a space. Advances in high-performance tinted glass and low-solar-gain low-e coatings reduce solar heat gain while maintaining visible transmittance. Using high-performance windows to provide solar control reduces the need for operating shades, resulting in increased daylight and unobstructed views.\n\nWhen selecting a window based on performance, look for visible transmittance (VT) levels higher than (&gt; 70%), especially for daylighting applications (see <em>Daylighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, EnergyStar recommends SHGC of 0.4 (40%) or lower for buildings with moderate air conditioning requirements. Look for SHGC values of 0.25 or less for buildings with significant air conditioning costs or summer overheating problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, a U-factor of <u>&lt;</u> 0.25 is recommended for high-performance buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a>\n\nManaging solar heat gains on the exterior of the building prevents heat from entering the building in the first place. In combination with high-performance glazing systems, consider shading devices early in the design process to achieve a well-integrated architectural design.\n\nExterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light.\n\nInterior glare control devices, such as Venetian blinds, miniblinds, vertical\nslatted blinds, pleated and honeycomb shades, and roll-down shades can reduce direct sunlight and glare but are less effective at reducing cooling loads since they only block sunlight and do not prevent solar gains from entering the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Motorized and automated shading systems use sensors, time clocks, a building automation system or occupant control to adjust the position of window coverings to reduce glare, daylighting or privacy levels or heat gain (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).\n\nNatural landscaping such as mature trees or hedgerows can provide shading. Plant a shade tree near the window or skylight to shade it during the summer months and let as much light and heat in as possible during the winter months (see <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/pdf/SmithCaseStudyFinal.pdf\">Smith Middle School Chapel Hill, NC.</a>\n\nThis case study documents that proper daylighting design that addresses glare and heat gain reductions can result in energy savings (64% reduction in lighting energy), occupant comfort (teachers and students favor daylighting in the classrooms) and return on investment (4.2 years).\n\n<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a>.\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\nEffectively managing glare and heat gains offers multiple benefits, including:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced peak heat gain and cooling requirements in the summer and maximized solar heat gain in winter, leading to mechanical equipment downsizing, saving capital costs, and reducing mechanical loads and operating expenses (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment)</em>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n	<li>Improved daylighting design, reducing electrical lighting requirements.</li>\n	<li>Diminished ultraviolet (UV) and other solar radiation which causes fading of fabrics and furnishings.</li>\n	<li>Added environmental benefits such as stormwater management and occupant benefits including views and connection to nature by utilizing energy-efficient landscaping.</li>\n	<li>Increased occupant visual and thermal comfort by managing glare and solar heat gains resulting in increased occupant satisfaction and productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n	<li>Enhanced visual interest in building design through the use of shading devices, building orientation and architectural form.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\nCosts vary depending on the types of strategies implemented. Designing for glare and heat gain reduction should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n\nThe cost of windows varies by project. Energy savings combined with improved visual and thermal comfort and daylighting benefits often justify the investment in high-performance windows. Available rebates and incentives can help offset upfront costs. For up-to-date information on available incentives, visit the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=windows_doors.pr_benefits\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/programs\">NJ Clean Energy Program</a> websites.\n\nThe cost of planting a tree or shrub for shade may range from as little as $10 to hundreds of dollars depending on materials and labor and maturity of selected landscaping vegetation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a>\n\nExternal window coverings range in price from low-budget options for an aluminum awning to more costly investments for a shade structure. There are also additional costs associated with maintenance of outdoor structures, notably year-round or permanently affixed shades.\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage or a heat wave during the summer months, a building designed to optimize daylighting and reduce glare and heat gain can maintain comfortable internal temperatures and lighting levels for building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid by reducing the need for electrical lighting and air conditioning.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Energy Star. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Windows and Glazing. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Ibid.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. “Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in New Jersey.” January 2016. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. “Energy-Efficient Window Attachments.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cost averaged from several suppliers.[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.umn.edu/index.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindowcoverings.org\">Efficient Window Coverings and Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/residential_windows_doors_and_skylights\">Energy Star – Windows, Doors, and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nfrc.org\">National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://newbuildings.org/resource/daylighting-guide-office-interiors/\">Daylighting Guide for Office Interiors </a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE – Energy Savers</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">Energy Efficient Window Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/design/windows-doors-and-skylights/energy-performance-ratings-windows-doors-and\">Energy Performance Ratings for Windows </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/window-types-and-technologies\">Window Types and Technologies</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psheating.php\">Passive Solar Heating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">Windows and Glazing</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Glare and Heat Gain Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1903-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:48','2022-06-23 17:57:48','',1903,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2511',0,'revision','',0),(2512,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:48','2022-06-23 17:57:48','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_582\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"894\"]<img class=\"wp-image-582 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Daylighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).\" width=\"894\" height=\"540\" /> Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).[/caption]<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for daylighting involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts. The following outlines steps to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into new commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Daylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119120119/https://www.commercialwindows.org/case_hl.php\">The Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Office Building, NJ</a></p>\n<p>This building uses several design strategies to bring daylight into a massive central core building including small interior atriums, light shelves, and prismatic glazing.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></p>\n<p>This case study and design guide examine combinations of window area, shading devices, and glazing types to maximize daylighting and save energy.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Controlled, natural lighting provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting design should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process.  The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building provides interior light to building occupants, reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a>  (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a> (accessed September 10, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) – Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Other</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1146-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:48','2022-06-23 17:57:48','',1146,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2512',0,'revision','',0),(2513,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:49','2022-06-23 17:57:49','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\nDaylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).\n\nBuilding orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_116\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"692\"]<img class=\"wp-image-116 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Daylighting-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"692\" height=\"518\" /> Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\nDesigning for daylighting in existing buildings involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current daylight levels and identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step to a daylighting and lighting upgrade is to conduct a lighting audit or survey that establishes information about all the lighting technologies and consumption patterns in a building.  Use <u><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a></u> to benchmark energy usage and identify lighting upgrade opportunities.\n\nThe following steps outline strategies to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into lighting upgrade projects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>\n<ol>\n	<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n	<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n	<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\nWhile daylighting strategies, such as maximizing southern building orientation, may not be technically or financially feasible for a renovation project, many daylighting strategies are available for existing buildings, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>\n<ul>\n	<li>Opening the building perimeter to office space.</li>\n	<li>Transferring light through perimeter spaces through lower partitions or by replacing opaque panels with transparent or translucent panels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Exposing closed-off overhead glazing.</li>\n	<li>Creating light shelves for high spaces.</li>\n	<li>Adding skylights, clerestories, atria, or roof monitors.</li>\n	<li>Improving reflectance values for ceiling tiles, walls, and carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\nDaylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools, which can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a>\n\n<u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a></u> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.\n\n<u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a></u> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.\n\nFor daylighting strategies specific to existing commercial projects, see Guide 5 of the <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></u><em>. </em>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<u><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/existingcommercial/casestudies/atriumii.php\">Atrium II, Secaucus, NJ </a></u>\n\nRenovations to Atrium II, a 260,000 square foot office building in Secaucus, NJ, included improved daylighting through upgrades to the building envelope and the installation of lighting controls such as timers, photocells, and motion sensors.\n\n<u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></u>\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits </b></strong></h2>\nControlled, natural lighting can lead to many improvements:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\nThe cost associated with integrating daylighting strategies into an existing building varies depending on the scope of the project. The design and material selected for interior or exterior shading and solar control devices, for example, impacts the cost. There is a range of options available from very low-cost solutions such as rearranging the layout of a room to a more comprehensive approach of adding integrated lighting controls and shading devices. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building continues to provide interior light to building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <u><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a></u>  (accessed September 10, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <u><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a></u> (accessed September 10, 2018)\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines. <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf</a></u><em> (accessed April 4, 2018).</em>\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> California Energy Commission (CEC) and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid. CEC and Heschong Mahone Group.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <u><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a></u> (accessed July 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <u><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences – Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1889-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:49','2022-06-23 17:57:49','',1889,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2513',0,'revision','',0),(2514,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:57','2022-06-23 17:57:57','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_582\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"894\"]<img class=\"wp-image-582 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Daylighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).\" width=\"894\" height=\"540\" /> Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).[/caption]<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for daylighting involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts. The following outlines steps to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into new commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Daylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119120119/https://www.commercialwindows.org/case_hl.php\">The Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Office Building, NJ</a></p>\n<p>This building uses several design strategies to bring daylight into a massive central core building including small interior atriums, light shelves, and prismatic glazing.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></p>\n<p>This case study and design guide examine combinations of window area, shading devices, and glazing types to maximize daylighting and save energy.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Controlled, natural lighting provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting design should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process.  The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building provides interior light to building occupants, reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112123505/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a>  (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a> (accessed September 10, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) – Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Other</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1146-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:57','2022-06-23 17:57:57','',1146,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2514',0,'revision','',0),(2515,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:57','2022-06-23 17:57:57','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting design illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see<span> </span><em><i>Integrated Design Process</i></em>,<span> </span><em><i>Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction<span> </span></i></em>and<span> </span><em><i>Sensor Controls).</i></em></p>\n<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see<span> </span><em><i>Natural Ventilation<span> </span></i></em>and<span> </span><em><i>Energy Efficient Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup><span> </span>The design and choice of window glazing affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Skylights, solar tubes, clerestory windows, and cupolas can also help introduce and balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, awnings, and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also help distribute natural light. Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see<span> </span><em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_316\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"wp-image-316 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Daylighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – House with cupola (Source: The Cupola House http://www.cupolahouse.org/)\" width=\"600\" height=\"716\" /> Figure 1 – House with cupola (Source: The Cupola House http://www.cupolahouse.org/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for daylighting involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts. The following outlines steps to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Daylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools, which can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a><span> </span>by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a><span> </span>by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved life-cycle cost, reduced emissions, and reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.</li>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see<span> </span><em><i>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improved occupant satisfaction and comfort based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for daylighting should be integral to the design process and should not impose a significant impact on project costs if considered from the early stages of design. Windows with more than one pane and glazing to control temperature fluctuations and reduce UV exposure tend to cost more than conventional windows. Increasing the window to wall ratio to promote natural daylighting cost more than the construction of standard walls. The average national cost of window installation is $5,040, with most homeowners spending between $2,584 and $7,497 depending on materials, features, and size.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Structures such as a copula require more materials and are more technically challenging to build and incur additional costs.  Additional upfront costs associated with daylighting strategies or hiring a daylighting consultant typically pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized home continues to provide interior light to occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32.<span> </span><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112123505/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>WBDG. Daylighting.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a><span> </span>(accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>HomeAdvisor – True Cost Guide – Installing Windows<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/doors-and-windows/install-windows/\">https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/doors-and-windows/install-windows/</a><span> </span>(accessed April 6, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/design_daylight.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – Providing Natural Light</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE – Tips for Daylighting With Windows: The Integrated Approach</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/patternBook.asp?id=13306\">Leslie, Russell P.; Conway, Kathryn M. (2007 online) <em><i>The Lighting Pattern Book for Homes.</i></em></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute -Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/daylighting\">US DOE Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) Daylighting</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1276-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:57','2022-06-23 17:57:57','',1276,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2515',0,'revision','',0),(2516,3,'2022-06-23 17:57:58','2022-06-23 17:57:58','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\nDaylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).\n\nBuilding orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_116\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"692\"]<img class=\"wp-image-116 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Daylighting-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"692\" height=\"518\" /> Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\nDesigning for daylighting in existing buildings involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current daylight levels and identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step to a daylighting and lighting upgrade is to conduct a lighting audit or survey that establishes information about all the lighting technologies and consumption patterns in a building.  Use <u><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a></u> to benchmark energy usage and identify lighting upgrade opportunities.\n\nThe following steps outline strategies to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into lighting upgrade projects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>\n<ol>\n	<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n	<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n	<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\nWhile daylighting strategies, such as maximizing southern building orientation, may not be technically or financially feasible for a renovation project, many daylighting strategies are available for existing buildings, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>\n<ul>\n	<li>Opening the building perimeter to office space.</li>\n	<li>Transferring light through perimeter spaces through lower partitions or by replacing opaque panels with transparent or translucent panels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Exposing closed-off overhead glazing.</li>\n	<li>Creating light shelves for high spaces.</li>\n	<li>Adding skylights, clerestories, atria, or roof monitors.</li>\n	<li>Improving reflectance values for ceiling tiles, walls, and carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\nDaylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools, which can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a>\n\n<u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a></u> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.\n\n<u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a></u> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.\n\nFor daylighting strategies specific to existing commercial projects, see Guide 5 of the <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></u><em>. </em>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<u><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/existingcommercial/casestudies/atriumii.php\">Atrium II, Secaucus, NJ </a></u>\n\nRenovations to Atrium II, a 260,000 square foot office building in Secaucus, NJ, included improved daylighting through upgrades to the building envelope and the installation of lighting controls such as timers, photocells, and motion sensors.\n\n<u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></u>\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits </b></strong></h2>\nControlled, natural lighting can lead to many improvements:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\nThe cost associated with integrating daylighting strategies into an existing building varies depending on the scope of the project. The design and material selected for interior or exterior shading and solar control devices, for example, impacts the cost. There is a range of options available from very low-cost solutions such as rearranging the layout of a room to a more comprehensive approach of adding integrated lighting controls and shading devices. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building continues to provide interior light to building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112123505/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <u><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a></u>  (accessed September 10, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <u><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a></u> (accessed September 10, 2018)\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines. <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf</a></u><em> (accessed April 4, 2018).</em>\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> California Energy Commission (CEC) and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid. CEC and Heschong Mahone Group.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <u><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a></u> (accessed July 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <u><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences – Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1889-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:57:58','2022-06-23 17:57:58','',1889,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2516',0,'revision','',0),(2517,3,'2022-06-23 17:58:05','2022-06-23 17:58:05','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_582\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"894\"]<img class=\"wp-image-582 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Daylighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).\" width=\"894\" height=\"540\" /> Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).[/caption]<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for daylighting involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts. The following outlines steps to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into new commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Daylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119120119/https://www.commercialwindows.org/case_hl.php\">The Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Office Building, NJ</a></p>\n<p>This building uses several design strategies to bring daylight into a massive central core building including small interior atriums, light shelves, and prismatic glazing.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></p>\n<p>This case study and design guide examine combinations of window area, shading devices, and glazing types to maximize daylighting and save energy.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Controlled, natural lighting provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting design should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process.  The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building provides interior light to building occupants, reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112123505/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043434/https://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a>  (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a> (accessed September 10, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) – Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Other</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1146-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:58:05','2022-06-23 17:58:05','',1146,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2517',0,'revision','',0),(2518,3,'2022-06-23 17:58:06','2022-06-23 17:58:06','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting design illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see<span> </span><em><i>Integrated Design Process</i></em>,<span> </span><em><i>Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction<span> </span></i></em>and<span> </span><em><i>Sensor Controls).</i></em></p>\n<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see<span> </span><em><i>Natural Ventilation<span> </span></i></em>and<span> </span><em><i>Energy Efficient Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup><span> </span>The design and choice of window glazing affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Skylights, solar tubes, clerestory windows, and cupolas can also help introduce and balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, awnings, and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also help distribute natural light. Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see<span> </span><em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_316\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"wp-image-316 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Daylighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – House with cupola (Source: The Cupola House http://www.cupolahouse.org/)\" width=\"600\" height=\"716\" /> Figure 1 – House with cupola (Source: The Cupola House http://www.cupolahouse.org/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for daylighting involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts. The following outlines steps to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Daylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools, which can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a><span> </span>by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a><span> </span>by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved life-cycle cost, reduced emissions, and reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.</li>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see<span> </span><em><i>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improved occupant satisfaction and comfort based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for daylighting should be integral to the design process and should not impose a significant impact on project costs if considered from the early stages of design. Windows with more than one pane and glazing to control temperature fluctuations and reduce UV exposure tend to cost more than conventional windows. Increasing the window to wall ratio to promote natural daylighting cost more than the construction of standard walls. The average national cost of window installation is $5,040, with most homeowners spending between $2,584 and $7,497 depending on materials, features, and size.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Structures such as a copula require more materials and are more technically challenging to build and incur additional costs.  Additional upfront costs associated with daylighting strategies or hiring a daylighting consultant typically pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized home continues to provide interior light to occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32.<span> </span><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112123505/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043434/https://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>WBDG. Daylighting.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a><span> </span>(accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>HomeAdvisor – True Cost Guide – Installing Windows<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/doors-and-windows/install-windows/\">https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/doors-and-windows/install-windows/</a><span> </span>(accessed April 6, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/design_daylight.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – Providing Natural Light</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE – Tips for Daylighting With Windows: The Integrated Approach</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/patternBook.asp?id=13306\">Leslie, Russell P.; Conway, Kathryn M. (2007 online) <em><i>The Lighting Pattern Book for Homes.</i></em></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute -Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/daylighting\">US DOE Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) Daylighting</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1276-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:58:06','2022-06-23 17:58:06','',1276,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2518',0,'revision','',0),(2519,3,'2022-06-23 17:58:06','2022-06-23 17:58:06','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\nDaylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).\n\nBuilding orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_116\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"692\"]<img class=\"wp-image-116 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Daylighting-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"692\" height=\"518\" /> Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\nDesigning for daylighting in existing buildings involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current daylight levels and identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step to a daylighting and lighting upgrade is to conduct a lighting audit or survey that establishes information about all the lighting technologies and consumption patterns in a building.  Use <u><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a></u> to benchmark energy usage and identify lighting upgrade opportunities.\n\nThe following steps outline strategies to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into lighting upgrade projects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>\n<ol>\n	<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n	<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n	<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\nWhile daylighting strategies, such as maximizing southern building orientation, may not be technically or financially feasible for a renovation project, many daylighting strategies are available for existing buildings, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>\n<ul>\n	<li>Opening the building perimeter to office space.</li>\n	<li>Transferring light through perimeter spaces through lower partitions or by replacing opaque panels with transparent or translucent panels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Exposing closed-off overhead glazing.</li>\n	<li>Creating light shelves for high spaces.</li>\n	<li>Adding skylights, clerestories, atria, or roof monitors.</li>\n	<li>Improving reflectance values for ceiling tiles, walls, and carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\nDaylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools, which can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a>\n\n<u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a></u> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.\n\n<u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a></u> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.\n\nFor daylighting strategies specific to existing commercial projects, see Guide 5 of the <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></u><em>. </em>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<u><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/existingcommercial/casestudies/atriumii.php\">Atrium II, Secaucus, NJ </a></u>\n\nRenovations to Atrium II, a 260,000 square foot office building in Secaucus, NJ, included improved daylighting through upgrades to the building envelope and the installation of lighting controls such as timers, photocells, and motion sensors.\n\n<u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></u>\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits </b></strong></h2>\nControlled, natural lighting can lead to many improvements:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\nThe cost associated with integrating daylighting strategies into an existing building varies depending on the scope of the project. The design and material selected for interior or exterior shading and solar control devices, for example, impacts the cost. There is a range of options available from very low-cost solutions such as rearranging the layout of a room to a more comprehensive approach of adding integrated lighting controls and shading devices. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building continues to provide interior light to building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112123505/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043434/https://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a></u>  (accessed September 10, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <u><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a></u> (accessed September 10, 2018)\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines. <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf</a></u><em> (accessed April 4, 2018).</em>\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> California Energy Commission (CEC) and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid. CEC and Heschong Mahone Group.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <u><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a></u> (accessed July 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <u><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences – Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1889-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:58:06','2022-06-23 17:58:06','',1889,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2519',0,'revision','',0),(2520,3,'2022-06-23 17:58:15','2022-06-23 17:58:15','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"High-Efficiency Lighting System and NLCs\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What are High-Efficiency Lighting System and NLCs?</h2>\n<p>A high-efficiency lighting system integrates daylighting and energy efficient electrical lighting with networked lighting controls (NLCs), to provide a comfortable environment for occupants while reducing energy usage and costs (see <em>Daylighting, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Lighting accounts for 17% of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings and contributes to a building’s cooling load by emitting waste heat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> More stringent building codes, a phasing out of traditional lighting technologies (e.g., incandescents), utility incentives and rebates, and more energy efficient federal standards for lighting applications (e.g., screw-in light bulbs) have helped to drive the market for energy-efficient lighting technologies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>For example, fluorescent and high emitting diodes (HIDs) replaced incandescents, regarding energy efficiency and performance in the same way that LEDs (light emitting diodes) promise to command the commercial building sector, as LED technology and performance advance beyond screw-based fixtures to linear fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Fig 1 shows an OLED (organic light emitting diode), an emerging lighting technology, which utilizes carbon-based materials and can be molded into a variety of thin-profile configurations such as tiles and window-like materials to provide diffuse light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> OLEDs hold the potential to outperform LEDs as the technology commercializes and costs decline. Advances in materials, optics, electronic design, and smart sensors and controls, including lighting technologies paired with networked lighting controls, promise to offer additional performance and efficiency gains and an enhanced occupant experience through daylight harvesting, vacancy sensing, and task tuning. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> By providing a foundation for future applications of the IoT (Internet of Things), networked lighting controls may also hold the potential to create new benefits and functions beyond supplying basic illumination, such as enhanced security, indoor environmental quality monitoring, and remote maintenance and service (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_589\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"616\"]<img class=\"wp-image-589 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficienct-Lighting-Systems-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)\" width=\"616\" height=\"318\" /> Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate a High-Efficiency Lighting System and NCLs?</strong></h2>\n<p>Electrical lighting design involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts (see <em>Energy-Efficient Windows, Glare, and Heat Gain Reduction, and Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).</p>\n<p>Lighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting and lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>The following provides general best practice guidance on how to optimize daylighting and electrical lighting in new commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide primary or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n<li>Specify lighting products from the <a href=\"https://www.designlights.org/\">DesignLights Consortium</a> or <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">ENERGY STAR</a> qualified product lists.</li>\n<li>Use vacancy sensors (manual on, automatic off) as opposed to occupancy sensors (automatic on, automatic off) to save energy by requiring occupants to flip a switch if they require additional light.</li>\n<li>Provide adjustable task lighting at individual workspaces to save energy by directing appropriate lighting to specific tasks.</li>\n<li>Incorporate exterior motion sensors to save energy and enhance security and safety.</li>\n<li>Consider photo-luminescent egress signage subject to local fire code.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<p>GSA Proving Ground – Advanced Lighting Controls and LED</p>\n<p>This case study conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) investigated LED lighting and Advanced Lighting Controls (ALCs), including light-level tuning, occupancy sensing, and daylight harvesting in open-plan office buildings. The results showed 43% energy savings for buildings that utilized LED and ALCs compared to buildings that only implemented LED lighting. The study also found a significant increase in occupant satisfaction in buildings that utilized light-level tuning. The study concluded that LED and ALCs increase in cost-effectiveness in buildings with high utility rates, generous incentives, and open floor plans.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Supplementing natural daylight with high-efficiency lighting systems and NLCs provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through energy efficiency gains and reduced maintenance and replacement costs through longer-lasting bulbs and fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced number of toxic chemicals released into the waste stream and reduced light pollution.</li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>High-efficiency lighting design and NLCs should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<p>The table below shows costs for Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaries<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_295\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1212\"]<img class=\"wp-image-295 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficiency-Networked-Lighting-Controls-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries\" width=\"1212\" height=\"482\" /> Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries[/caption]<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives. At the time of this writing, incentives for lighting controls range from $20-$45 per fixture. The incentives for performance lighting are $1.00 per watt below the allowable wattage as determined by ASHRAE 90.1-2013 baseline and $30 per eligible fixture. Prescriptive lighting incentives range from $5 to $150 per fixture.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing high-efficiency lighting and NCLs provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Daylit-optimized buildings paired with high-efficiency lighting systems and built-in backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. (WBDG). Energy Efficient Lighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php</a> (accessed May 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. CBECS 2012 – Trends in Lighting in Commercial Buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) requires general service lighting products sold as of January 1, 2020, to have an efficacy of at least 45 lumens per watt.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US DOE. 2017. OLED Basics. Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Iain Campbell et al. 2017. “A New Way to Think About Office Lighting.” Harvard Business Review. Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) Buildings Program. <a href=\"https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting\">https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119123555/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers. “Purchasing Energy-Efficient Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaires.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires</a> (accessed May 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> The Best Available Model category is calculated based on the most efficient model in the database collected from manufacturers as of February 2017.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> The Required Model category is calculated based on new FEMP designated efficiency requirements. Federal agencies must purchase products that meet or exceed FEMP designated efficiency requirements.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> The Less Efficient Model category is calculated based on the previous FEMP requirement for this product type.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?fromSir=0&amp;state=NJ\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.designlights.org\">DesignLights Consortium</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org\">Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iald.org\">International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://lightingpatternsforhealthybuildings.org\">Lighting Research Center, Lighting Patterns for Healthy Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nglia.org\">Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>General Service Administration (GSA)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/about-gsa%E2%80%99s-proving-ground-gpg\">Proving Ground</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov\">Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ’s Clean Energy Program</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">Commercial and Industrial Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">Lighting Incentives</a> (See Performance Lighting and Prescriptive Lighting)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/savings/search?keyword=lighting&amp;f%5B0%5D=im_field_rebate_state%3A860091\">Tax Credits, Rebates, and Savings (Lighting, New Jersey)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/solid-state-lighting\">US DOE – The Building Technologies Office’s Solid-State Lighting Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php?r=minimize_consumption\">Energy Efficient Lighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/electric-lighting-controls\">Electric Lighting Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC High-Efficiency Lighting System and NLCs','','inherit','closed','closed','','1793-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:58:15','2022-06-23 17:58:15','',1793,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2520',0,'revision','',0),(2521,3,'2022-06-23 17:58:16','2022-06-23 17:58:16','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls (NLCs)\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What are High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and NLCs?</h2>\n<p>A high-efficiency lighting system integrates daylighting and energy efficient electrical lighting with networked lighting controls (NLCs), to provide a comfortable environment for occupants while reducing energy consumption and costs (see<span> </span><em>Daylighting, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Lighting accounts for about 5% of the annual energy costs in a typical household and contributes to a household’s cooling load by emitting waste heat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a><span> </span>More stringent building codes, a phasing out of traditional lighting technologies (e.g., incandescents), utility incentives and rebates, and more energy efficient federal standards for lighting applications (e.g., screw-in light bulbs) have helped to drive the market for energy-efficient lighting in the residential sector.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][caption id=\"attachment_559\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1354\"]<img class=\"wp-image-559 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-High-Efficiency-Lighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Fig 1. Common Bulb Technologies with Annual Electric Cost (Source: EnergyStar.gov).\" width=\"1354\" height=\"412\" /> Fig 1. Common Bulb Technologies with Annual Electric Cost (Source: EnergyStar.gov).[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<p>Fig 1 shows the evolution in energy use, cost savings, and lifespan of light bulbs  from standard incandescent to more energy efficient options. The least efficient replacement option is halogen incandescent which are 30% more efficient, followed by compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) which are 75% more efficient, topped by light emitting diodes (LEDs) which are 90% more efficient than traditional incandescent light bulbs.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>Currently available smart bulbs equipped with smart sensors and paired with networked lighting controls that allow for lighting customization and control such as scheduling, daylight harvesting, vacancy sensing, and control of light color and brightness, promise to offer additional performance and efficiency gains and an enhanced occupant experience (see<span> </span><em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a><span> </span>By providing a foundation for future applications of the IoT (Internet of Things), high-efficiency lighting and networked lighting controls hold the potential to create new benefits and functions beyond supplying basic illumination, such as enhanced security, indoor environmental quality monitoring, and remote maintenance and service through.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<h2>How to Implement a High-Efficiency Lighting System and NLCs</h2>\n<p>High-efficiency lighting design involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see<span> </span><em>Integrated Design Process</em>). For example, window selection and placement influences daylighting and electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts (see<span> </span><em>Energy-Efficient Windows, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction, and Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).</p>\n<p>Lighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p>The following provides general best practice guidance on how to optimize daylighting and electrical lighting in new residential buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide primary or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n<li>Specify<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">ENERGY STAR</a><span> </span>qualified lighting products that are at least 75% more efficient and last 25% longer than incandescent lighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></li>\n<li>Use the Federal Trade Commission’s “Lighting Facts Label” to determine a light’s brightness, measured in lumens, annual energy cost, lifespan, and light appearance, measured from warm to cool.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a><span> </span><strong> </strong></li>\n<li>Use vacancy sensors (manual on, automatic off) as opposed to occupancy sensors (automatic on, automatic off) to save energy by requiring occupants to flip a switch if they require additional light.</li>\n<li>Provide adjustable task lighting such as under cabinet lighting to save energy by reducing ambient lighting needs and directing appropriate lighting to specific tasks.</li>\n<li>Incorporate exterior motion sensors to save energy and enhance security and safety.</li>\n<li>Consider installing solar powered outdoor LED lights for lighting outdoor pathways.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see<span> </span><em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n</ol>\n<h3><strong>Examples</strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://usaled.com/index.php/case-studies/residential-lighting-project.html\">Residential lighting upgrade, Southbury, CT.</a></p>\n<p>There were 124 individual lights changed in the home, delivering a savings of over $200 per month amounting to $2,533 per year.  The total investment was  $6,024 and the payback period is 2.4 years. The savings are based on the total delivered power cost of $0.16/kw‐hr.</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/delta/pdf/OutdoorEntry.pdf\">Outdoor entry lighting on a residential home, Albany, NY.</a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>The ceiling-mounted incandescent luminaire in front door entry replaced with motion sensor and Energy Star-rated CFL luminaires</li>\n<li>Reduced glare</li>\n<li>Lit the entry at dusk, improving safety without leaving lights on all day</li>\n<li>Reduced energy use</li>\n<li>Estimated annual energy savings of 208 kW l and an energy bill savings of $30</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Supplementing natural daylight with high-efficiency lighting systems and NLCs provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced utility bills through energy efficiency gains and reduced maintenance and replacement cost through longer-lasting bulbs and fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see<span> </span><em>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced number of toxic chemicals released into the waste stream and reduced light pollution.</li>\n<li>Improved occupant satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></li>\n<li>Increased resale value of the home (1%-3%).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>EnergyStar certified LED light bulbs in common replacement sizes for traditional lighting (40 and 60W) cost around $2 per bulb and pay for themselves in energy saved in a few months.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]</a><span> </span>Utility incentive programs and product manufacturer rebate programs can also help offset upfront costs. See the<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/home/home\">NJ Clean Energy Office</a><span> </span>for available incentives.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing high-efficiency lighting and NCLs provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Daylit-optimized homes paired with high-efficiency lighting systems and built-in backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a><span> </span>Whole Building Design Guide. (WBDG). Energy Efficient Lighting.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php</a><span> </span>(accessed May 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a><span> </span>US DOE. 2018. LEDs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/led-lighting\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/led-lighting</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a><span> </span>The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) requires general service lighting products sold as of January 1, 2020, to have an efficacy of at least 45 lumens per watt.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a><span> </span>EnergyStar. 2017. “The Light Bulb Revolution: EPA Predicts Widespread Adoption of LED Lighting by 2020 if Utility Programs Persist.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/asset/document/LBR_2017-LED-Takeover.pdf\">https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/asset/document/LBR_2017-LED-Takeover.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a><span> </span>US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a><span> </span>Iain Campbell et al. 2017. “A New Way to Think About Office Lighting.” Harvard Business Review. Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) Buildings Program.<span> </span><a href=\"https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting\">https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a><span> </span>WBDG. Daylighting.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a><span> </span>(accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a><span> </span>General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a><span> </span>US DOE. 2018. LEDs.<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/led-lighting\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/led-lighting</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a><span> </span>Federal Trade Commission. 2017. “The FTC “Lighting Facts” Label: Questions and Answers for Manufacturers.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/ftc-lighting-facts-label-questions-answers-manufacturers\">https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/ftc-lighting-facts-label-questions-answers-manufacturers</a><span> </span> (accessed Dec 19, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a><span> </span>Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119123555/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a><span> </span>California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a><span> </span>Consumer Reports. “8 Ways to Boost Your Home Value”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/home-improvement/8-ways-to-boost-your-home-value/\">https://www.consumerreports.org/home-improvement/8-ways-to-boost-your-home-value/</a><span> </span>(accessed May 17, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a><span> </span>EnergyStar. 2017. “The Light Bulb Revolution: EPA Predicts Widespread Adoption of LED Lighting by 2020 if Utility Programs Persist.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/asset/document/LBR_2017-LED-Takeover.pdf\">https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/asset/document/LBR_2017-LED-Takeover.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 19, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=bldrs_lenders_raters.ALP_Builder\">Energy Star Advanced Lighting Package</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/researchAreas/reducingbarriers/index.asp\">Illuminating Energy-Efficient Options</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/energy-efficient-products/lighting\">NJ Clean Energy Program Energy Efficient Lighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php\">National Institute of Building Sciences: Introduction to Energy Efficient Lighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/fluorescent_bulbs.htm\">NJ DEP Fluorescent Bulb Recycling Resources</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://recycleabulb.veoliaes.com/home\">Recycleabulb.com</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][/et_pb_section]','NR High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and NLCs','','inherit','closed','closed','','2281-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:58:16','2022-06-23 17:58:16','',2281,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2521',0,'revision','',0),(2522,3,'2022-06-23 17:58:17','2022-06-23 17:58:17','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>What are High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and NLCs?</h2>\n<p>A high-efficiency lighting system integrates daylighting and energy efficient electrical lighting with networked lighting controls (NLCs), to provide a comfortable environment for occupants while reducing energy usage and costs (see <em>Daylighting, and Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Lighting accounts for 17% of the total electricity consumption in commercial buildings and contributes to a building’s cooling load by emitting waste heat.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a> More stringent building codes, a phasing out of traditional lighting technologies (e.g., incandescents), utility incentives and rebates, and more energy efficient federal standards for lighting applications (e.g., screw-in light bulbs) have helped to drive the market for energy-efficient lighting technologies.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>For example, fluorescent and high emitting diodes (HIDs) replaced incandescents, regarding energy efficiency and performance in the same way that LEDs (light emitting diodes) promise to command the commercial building sector, as LED technology and performance advance beyond screw-based fixtures to linear fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> Fig 1 shows an OLED (organic light emitting diode), an emerging lighting technology, which utilizes carbon-based materials and can be molded into a variety of thin-profile configurations such as tiles and window-like materials to provide diffuse light.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> OLEDs hold the potential to outperform LEDs as the technology commercializes and costs decline. Advances in materials, optics, electronic design, and smart sensors and controls, including lighting technologies paired with networked lighting controls, promise to offer additional performance and efficiency gains and an enhanced occupant experience through daylight harvesting, vacancy sensing, and task tuning. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> By providing a foundation for future applications of the IoT (Internet of Things), networked lighting controls may also hold the potential to create new benefits and functions beyond supplying basic illumination, such as enhanced security, indoor environmental quality monitoring, and remote maintenance and service (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"></a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_589\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"616\"]<img class=\"wp-image-589 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficienct-Lighting-Systems-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)\" width=\"616\" height=\"318\" /> Figure 1. OLED Office Lighting (Source: US DOE Solid-State Lighting Program)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate a High-Efficiency Lighting System and NCLs?</strong></h2>\n<p>Upgrading to high-efficiency lighting systems and NCLs in existing buildings involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts (s<em>ee Windows and Skylights, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction, and Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</em>). Renovations also provide an opportunity to assess current natural light and electrical lighting levels and identify opportunities for improvement.</p>\n<p>The first step to a high-efficiency lighting upgrade is to conduct a lighting audit or survey that establishes information about all the lighting technologies and consumption patterns in a building. Hire a lighting specialist and/or use <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a> to benchmark energy usage and identify lighting upgrade opportunities. Based on the study, identify suitable replacement solutions including lamps, luminaires, and controls, and devise an implementation program.</p>\n<p>Lighting upgrade guidelines, such as the <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-building-upgrade-manual-chapter-6-lighting\">EnergyStar Building Upgrade Manual Chapter 6: Lighting</a>, provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting and lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></p>\n<p>The following provides general best practice guidance on how to optimize daylighting and electrical lighting in existing commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide primary or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n<li>Specify lighting products from the <a href=\"https://www.designlights.org/\">DesignLights Consortium</a> or <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans\">ENERGY STAR</a> qualified product lists.</li>\n<li>Use vacancy sensors (manual on, automatic off) as opposed to occupancy sensors (automatic on, automatic off) to save energy by requiring occupants to flip a switch if they require additional light.</li>\n<li>Provide adjustable task lighting at individual workspaces to save energy by directing appropriate lighting to specific tasks.</li>\n<li>Incorporate exterior motion sensors to save energy and enhance security and safety.</li>\n<li>Consider photo-luminescent egress signage subject to local fire code.</li>\n<li>Plan for backup power for critical lighting needs during a power outage, such as emergency and night-time lighting (see <em>Energy Storage and Backup Power Generation</em>).</li>\n<li>Commission and regularly re-commission all lighting systems and controls to optimize performance and energy savings.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/published-findings/lighting/tled-lighting-retrofits-with-dedicated-drivers\">GSA Proving Ground – TLED Lighting Retrofits with Dedicated Drives</a></p>\n<p>This case study conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) looked at the energy saving benefits of replacing Linear Fluorescent Lamps (LFLs) with Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lamps and with Advanced Lighting Controls (ALCs), such as dimming and occupancy sensing that do not require modifications to the existing ceiling for installation. The study found LED energy savings ranging from 27%-29% when LEDs replaced T8 LFLs with electronic ballasts.</p>\n<h2>Benefits</h2>\n<p>Supplementing natural daylight with high-efficiency lighting systems and NLCs provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through energy efficiency gains and reduced maintenance and replacement costs through longer-lasting bulbs and fixtures.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em>Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a></li>\n<li>Reduced number of toxic chemicals released into the waste stream and reduced light pollution.</li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Costs</h2>\n<p>High-efficiency lighting design and NLCs should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<p>The table below shows costs for Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaries<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_295\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1212\"]<img class=\"wp-image-295 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-High-Efficiency-Networked-Lighting-Controls-Table-1-.png\" alt=\"Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries\" width=\"1212\" height=\"482\" /> Table 1 - Commercial and Industrial Luminaries[/caption]<p>Check the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">New Jersey Office of Clean Energy</a> for available incentives. At the time of this writing, incentives for lighting controls range from $20-$45 per fixture. The incentives for performance lighting are $1.00 per watt below the allowable wattage as determined by ASHRAE 90.1-2013 baseline and $30 per eligible fixture. Prescriptive lighting incentives range from $5 to $150 per fixture.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>Implementing high-efficiency lighting and NCLs provides energy savings and reduces reliance and stress on the electricity grid. Daylit-optimized buildings paired with high-efficiency lighting systems and built-in backup power for critical lighting needs further reduce stress on the grid, especially in the event of a power outage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide. (WBDG). Energy Efficient Lighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php</a> (accessed May 16, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> US Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2017. CBECS 2012 – Trends in Lighting in Commercial Buildings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) requires general service lighting products sold as of January 1, 2020, to have an efficacy of at least 45 lumens per watt.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> US DOE. 2017. OLED Basics. Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/oled-basics</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. 2017. “Guiding SSL Technology Advances.” Department of Solid-State Lighting. <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/09/f33/guiding-ssl-technology-advances_sep2016.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Iain Campbell et al. 2017. “A New Way to Think About Office Lighting.” Harvard Business Review. Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) Buildings Program. <a href=\"https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting\">https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-new-way-to-think-about-office-lighting</a> (accessed Dec 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119123555/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]</a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]</a> US DOE: Energy Savers. “Purchasing Energy-Efficient Commercial and Industrial LED Luminaires.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires\">https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-and-industrial-led-luminaires</a> (accessed May 18, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]</a> The Best Available Model category is calculated based on the most efficient model in the database collected from manufacturers as of February 2017.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]</a> The Required Model category is calculated based on new FEMP designated efficiency requirements. Federal agencies must purchase products that meet or exceed FEMP designated efficiency requirements.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]</a> The Less Efficient Model category is calculated based on the previous FEMP requirement for this product type.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?fromSir=0&amp;state=NJ\">Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.designlights.org\">DesignLights Consortium</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.ies.org\">Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iald.org\">International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://lightingpatternsforhealthybuildings.org\">Lighting Research Center, Lighting Patterns for Healthy Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.nglia.org\">Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>General Service Administration (GSA)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/sustainability/emerging-building-technologies/about-gsa%E2%80%99s-proving-ground-gpg\">Proving Ground</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://sftool.gov\">Sustainable Facilities Tool</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>NJ’s Clean Energy Program</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/home/home\">Commercial and Industrial Programs</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/application-forms/application-forms-0\">Lighting Incentives</a> (See Performance Lighting and Prescriptive Lighting)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/savings/search?keyword=lighting&amp;f%5B0%5D=im_field_rebate_state%3A860091\">Tax Credits, Rebates, and Savings (Lighting, New Jersey)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/solid-state-lighting\">US DOE – The Building Technologies Office’s Solid-State Lighting Program</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/efficientlighting.php?r=minimize_consumption\">Energy Efficient Lighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/electric-lighting-controls\">Electric Lighting Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls','','inherit','closed','closed','','1930-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:58:17','2022-06-23 17:58:17','',1930,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2522',0,'revision','',0),(2523,3,'2022-06-23 17:58:17','2022-06-23 17:58:17','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_582\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"894\"]<img class=\"wp-image-582 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Daylighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).\" width=\"894\" height=\"540\" /> Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).[/caption]<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for daylighting involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts. The following outlines steps to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into new commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Daylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119120119/https://www.commercialwindows.org/case_hl.php\">The Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Office Building, NJ</a></p>\n<p>This building uses several design strategies to bring daylight into a massive central core building including small interior atriums, light shelves, and prismatic glazing.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></p>\n<p>This case study and design guide examine combinations of window area, shading devices, and glazing types to maximize daylighting and save energy.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Controlled, natural lighting provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting design should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process.  The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building provides interior light to building occupants, reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112123505/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043434/https://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a>  (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a> (accessed September 10, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119123555/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) – Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Other</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1146-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:58:17','2022-06-23 17:58:17','',1146,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2523',0,'revision','',0),(2524,3,'2022-06-23 17:58:18','2022-06-23 17:58:18','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"New Residential\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting design illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see<span> </span><em><i>Integrated Design Process</i></em>,<span> </span><em><i>Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction<span> </span></i></em>and<span> </span><em><i>Sensor Controls).</i></em></p>\n<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see<span> </span><em><i>Natural Ventilation<span> </span></i></em>and<span> </span><em><i>Energy Efficient Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup><span> </span>The design and choice of window glazing affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Skylights, solar tubes, clerestory windows, and cupolas can also help introduce and balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, awnings, and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also help distribute natural light. Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see<span> </span><em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).</p>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][caption id=\"attachment_316\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"wp-image-316 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NR-Daylighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – House with cupola (Source: The Cupola House http://www.cupolahouse.org/)\" width=\"600\" height=\"716\" /> Figure 1 – House with cupola (Source: The Cupola House http://www.cupolahouse.org/)[/caption][/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for daylighting involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts. The following outlines steps to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Daylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools, which can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a><span> </span>by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a><span> </span>by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved life-cycle cost, reduced emissions, and reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.</li>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see<span> </span><em><i>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improved occupant satisfaction and comfort based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Planning for daylighting should be integral to the design process and should not impose a significant impact on project costs if considered from the early stages of design. Windows with more than one pane and glazing to control temperature fluctuations and reduce UV exposure tend to cost more than conventional windows. Increasing the window to wall ratio to promote natural daylighting cost more than the construction of standard walls. The average national cost of window installation is $5,040, with most homeowners spending between $2,584 and $7,497 depending on materials, features, and size.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>Structures such as a copula require more materials and are more technically challenging to build and incur additional costs.  Additional upfront costs associated with daylighting strategies or hiring a daylighting consultant typically pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized home continues to provide interior light to occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a><span> </span>Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32.<span> </span><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112123505/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043434/https://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a><span> </span>General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a><span> </span>General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.”<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a><span> </span>WBDG. Daylighting.<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a><span> </span>(accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a><span> </span>Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a><span> </span>Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings.<span> </span><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119123555/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a><span> </span>(accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a><span> </span>California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”<span> </span><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a><span> </span>(accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a><span> </span>HomeAdvisor – True Cost Guide – Installing Windows<span> </span><a href=\"https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/doors-and-windows/install-windows/\">https://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/doors-and-windows/install-windows/</a><span> </span>(accessed April 6, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-energy-efficient-windows/\">Energy-Efficient Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls-nlcs/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nr-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/design_daylight.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – Providing Natural Light</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE – Tips for Daylighting With Windows: The Integrated Approach</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/patternBook.asp?id=13306\">Leslie, Russell P.; Conway, Kathryn M. (2007 online) <em><i>The Lighting Pattern Book for Homes.</i></em></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute -Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/daylighting\">US DOE Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) Daylighting</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NR Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1276-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:58:18','2022-06-23 17:58:18','',1276,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2524',0,'revision','',0),(2525,3,'2022-06-23 17:58:19','2022-06-23 17:58:19','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\nDaylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).\n\nBuilding orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_116\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"692\"]<img class=\"wp-image-116 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Daylighting-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"692\" height=\"518\" /> Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\nDesigning for daylighting in existing buildings involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current daylight levels and identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step to a daylighting and lighting upgrade is to conduct a lighting audit or survey that establishes information about all the lighting technologies and consumption patterns in a building.  Use <u><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a></u> to benchmark energy usage and identify lighting upgrade opportunities.\n\nThe following steps outline strategies to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into lighting upgrade projects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>\n<ol>\n	<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n	<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n	<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\nWhile daylighting strategies, such as maximizing southern building orientation, may not be technically or financially feasible for a renovation project, many daylighting strategies are available for existing buildings, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>\n<ul>\n	<li>Opening the building perimeter to office space.</li>\n	<li>Transferring light through perimeter spaces through lower partitions or by replacing opaque panels with transparent or translucent panels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Exposing closed-off overhead glazing.</li>\n	<li>Creating light shelves for high spaces.</li>\n	<li>Adding skylights, clerestories, atria, or roof monitors.</li>\n	<li>Improving reflectance values for ceiling tiles, walls, and carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\nDaylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools, which can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a>\n\n<u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a></u> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.\n\n<u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a></u> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.\n\nFor daylighting strategies specific to existing commercial projects, see Guide 5 of the <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></u><em>. </em>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<u><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/existingcommercial/casestudies/atriumii.php\">Atrium II, Secaucus, NJ </a></u>\n\nRenovations to Atrium II, a 260,000 square foot office building in Secaucus, NJ, included improved daylighting through upgrades to the building envelope and the installation of lighting controls such as timers, photocells, and motion sensors.\n\n<u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></u>\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits </b></strong></h2>\nControlled, natural lighting can lead to many improvements:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\nThe cost associated with integrating daylighting strategies into an existing building varies depending on the scope of the project. The design and material selected for interior or exterior shading and solar control devices, for example, impacts the cost. There is a range of options available from very low-cost solutions such as rearranging the layout of a room to a more comprehensive approach of adding integrated lighting controls and shading devices. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building continues to provide interior light to building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112123505/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043434/https://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a></u>  (accessed September 10, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <u><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a></u> (accessed September 10, 2018)\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines. <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf</a></u><em> (accessed April 4, 2018).</em>\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> California Energy Commission (CEC) and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid. CEC and Heschong Mahone Group.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119123555/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a></u> (accessed July 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <u><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences – Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1889-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:58:19','2022-06-23 17:58:19','',1889,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2525',0,'revision','',0),(2526,3,'2022-06-23 17:58:44','2022-06-23 17:58:44','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_582\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"894\"]<img class=\"wp-image-582 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Daylighting-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).\" width=\"894\" height=\"540\" /> Figure 1 – Sunshade at Rutgers Visitor Center (Source: Rutgers University).[/caption]<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).</p>\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for daylighting involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. For example, window glazing influences interior electrical lighting design, sizing of mechanical systems, and interior design layouts. The following outlines steps to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into new commercial buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Daylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.</p>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119120119/https://www.commercialwindows.org/case_hl.php\">The Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Office Building, NJ</a></p>\n<p>This building uses several design strategies to bring daylight into a massive central core building including small interior atriums, light shelves, and prismatic glazing.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></p>\n<p>This case study and design guide examine combinations of window area, shading devices, and glazing types to maximize daylighting and save energy.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Controlled, natural lighting provides multiple benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a></li>\n<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\n<p>Daylighting design should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process.  The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building provides interior light to building occupants, reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112123505/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a>(accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043434/https://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a>  (accessed September 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a> (accessed September 10, 2018)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a> (accessed Dec 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119123555/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a> (accessed July 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a> (accessed April 5, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-natural-ventilation/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-views-and-operable-windows/\">Views and Operable Windows</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) – Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Other</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119080957/http://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1146-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:58:44','2022-06-23 17:58:44','',1146,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2526',0,'revision','',0),(2527,3,'2022-06-23 17:58:46','2022-06-23 17:58:46','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Daylighting\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><strong><b>What is Daylighting?</b></strong></h2>\nDaylighting combines building orientation, fenestration (e.g., the location of windows and openings in a building), shading devices, interior design, and lighting and controls.  Daylighting illuminates indoor spaces with appropriate levels of natural light, minimizes glare and heat gain, and reduces electrical lighting needs (see <em><i>Integrated Design Process, Building Orientation, High-Efficiency Lighting Systems, and Networked Lighting Controls, Glare and Heat Gain Reduction and Sensor Controls</i></em>).\n\nBuilding orientation, in combination with window selection and placement and reflection and glare from adjacent buildings, impacts daylighting levels, thermal comfort, ventilation, and views to nature (see <em><i>Natural Ventilation </i></em>and <em><i>Views and Operable Windows</i></em>). A daylighting-optimized building maximizes south and north exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively.<sup><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a></sup> The design and choice of window glazing also affect the amount, distribution, and quality of daylight.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> For example, glazing systems with tinted glass and low-solar low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain with little reduction in visible transmittance or the amount of light in the visible portion of the spectrum.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Introducing daylight from skylights or solar tubes can also help balance daylight in a room. Utilize the upper portion of windows to introduce high levels of daylight and avoid glare issues, while taking advantage of views from the lower portion of windows, balanced by proper shading.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light. Interior designs that incorporate open layouts and light-colored surfaces also bounce light throughout interior spaces. For example, dark interior finishes can compromise an otherwise successful daylighting design.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> Furniture, cubicles, and workstations can block light and have a substantial impact on the light levels in a given space. Model any partition systems or permanent furniture in the design phase as they can have a significant impact on interior light levels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Reduce electrical lighting consumption and costs, and associated waste heat by pairing harvested daylight with automated dimmers and photosensors (see <em><i>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</i></em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_116\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"692\"]<img class=\"wp-image-116 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/EC-Daylighting-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)\" width=\"692\" height=\"518\" /> Figure 1 – Daylighting strategies incorporated into Atrium II, an office building in Secaucus, NJ. (Source: Rutgers Center for Green Building)[/caption]\n<h2><strong><b>How to Implement Daylighting</b></strong></h2>\nDesigning for daylighting in existing buildings involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process. Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current daylight levels and identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step to a daylighting and lighting upgrade is to conduct a lighting audit or survey that establishes information about all the lighting technologies and consumption patterns in a building.  Use <u><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a></u> to benchmark energy usage and identify lighting upgrade opportunities.\n\nThe following steps outline strategies to integrate daylighting and electrical lighting into lighting upgrade projects.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a>\n<ol>\n	<li>Set a Maximum Lighting Power Density (LPD) goal to avoid overlit spaces and to achieve an appropriate level of lighting per area lit or watts per square foot.</li>\n	<li>Set a Daylight Sufficiency Goal that establishes the amount of daylighting, measured in lumens or foot-candles, required to perform a typical task in each space without electrical lighting.</li>\n	<li>Develop a layered lighting strategy that first utilizes daylight to provide basic or ambient lighting levels, and then adds electrical lighting options and controls to vary lighting levels for a variety of tasks and occupant preferences.</li>\n</ol>\nWhile daylighting strategies, such as maximizing southern building orientation, may not be technically or financially feasible for a renovation project, many daylighting strategies are available for existing buildings, including:<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a>\n<ul>\n	<li>Opening the building perimeter to office space.</li>\n	<li>Transferring light through perimeter spaces through lower partitions or by replacing opaque panels with transparent or translucent panels.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Exposing closed-off overhead glazing.</li>\n	<li>Creating light shelves for high spaces.</li>\n	<li>Adding skylights, clerestories, atria, or roof monitors.</li>\n	<li>Improving reflectance values for ceiling tiles, walls, and carpet.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a></li>\n</ul>\nDaylighting guidelines provide general principles and examples, but project specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools, which can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a>\n\n<u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112120531/https://www.commercialwindows.org/fdt.php\">The Facade Design Tool</a></u> by the Efficient Windows Collaborative compares several design parameters including orientation, window area, controls, shading, and window type to predict performance outcomes such as annual energy use and savings, daylight levels, glare, and thermal comfort.\n\n<u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/software\">Low Energy – High Performance:  Building Façade Solutions</a></u> by Berkeley Lab offers a list of simulation software for modeling window system performance.\n\nFor daylighting strategies specific to existing commercial projects, see Guide 5 of the <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></u><em>. </em>\n<h3><strong><b>Examples</b></strong></h3>\n<u><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/existingcommercial/casestudies/atriumii.php\">Atrium II, Secaucus, NJ </a></u>\n\nRenovations to Atrium II, a 260,000 square foot office building in Secaucus, NJ, included improved daylighting through upgrades to the building envelope and the installation of lighting controls such as timers, photocells, and motion sensors.\n\n<u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a></u>\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong><b>Benefits </b></strong></h2>\nControlled, natural lighting can lead to many improvements:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced operating costs through reductions in electrical lighting usage.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Reduced cooling loads and downsized HVAC systems through less heat gain from electrical lighting (see <em><i>Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</i></em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Improved employee productivity and satisfaction based on a shared preference for naturally daylit spaces, reinforcement of circadian rhythms, and connection to nature.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a></li>\n	<li>Above average lease rates and lower tenant turnover.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\"></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong><b>Costs</b></strong></h2>\nThe cost associated with integrating daylighting strategies into an existing building varies depending on the scope of the project. The design and material selected for interior or exterior shading and solar control devices, for example, impacts the cost. There is a range of options available from very low-cost solutions such as rearranging the layout of a room to a more comprehensive approach of adding integrated lighting controls and shading devices. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n<h2><strong><b>Resiliency</b></strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage, a daylighting-optimized building continues to provide interior light to building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid and providing energy savings.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <u><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190112123505/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daylight.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Window Technologies: Transmittance. <u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043434/https://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/transmittance.php</a></u> (accessed July 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\"><sup>[4]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\"><sup>[5]</sup></a> US DOE. <em><i>Lighting Design.</i></em> <u><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money/lighting-design</a></u>  (accessed September 10, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) <em><i>Daylighting. </i></em>September 2016. <u><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting</a></u> (accessed September 10, 2018)\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\"><sup>[7]</sup></a> General Service Administration (GSA) Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings. 2018. “Saving Energy Through Lighting and Daylighting Strategies.” <u><a href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf\">https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Lighting_and_Daylighting_Two_Pager_508_compliant_2-9-15.pdf</a></u>  (accessed Dec 11, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\"><sup>[8]</sup></a> Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines. <u><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf</a></u><em> (accessed April 4, 2018).</em>\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\"><sup>[9]</sup></a> California Energy Commission (CEC) and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Ibid. CEC and Heschong Mahone Group.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\"><sup>[11]</sup></a> WBDG. Daylighting. <u><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\"><sup>[12]</sup></a> Ibid WBDG.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\"><sup>[13]</sup></a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. 2018. Daylight Controls. Windows for High-Performance Buildings. <u><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119123555/https://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php\">http://www.commercialwindows.org/daycontrols.php</a></u> (accessed July 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\"><sup>[14]</sup></a> California Energy Commission and Heschong Mahone Group. 2013 “Office Daylighting Potential”\n\n<u><a href=\"http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf\">http://www.sunlightindoors.com/resources/SunlightBenefits/OfficeDaylightPotential.pdf</a></u> (accessed April 5, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\"><sup>[15]</sup></a> Daylight Dividends, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Daylighting Resources – Productivity.” <u><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp\">http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/dr_productivity.asp</a></u> (accessed April 4, 2018).[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/\">Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-natural-ventilation-2/\">Natural Ventilation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Efficiency HVAC and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-windows-and-skylights/\">Windows and Skylights</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software\">Berkeley Lab – Building Technology and Urban Systems- Windows and Daylighting – Software Tools</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org\">Efficient Windows Collaborative. Windows for High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.iesna.org/\">Illuminating Engineering Society of North America</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">LBNL and US DOE. The Integrated Approach – Tips for Daylighting with Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119080957/http://www.seventhwave.org/daylighting\">Seventhwave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/videos/energy-101-daylighting\">US DOE – Energy Savers – Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>National Institute of Building Sciences – Whole Building Design Guide</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/glazing\">Glazing</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-systems/windows\">Windows</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Daylighting','','inherit','closed','closed','','1889-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:58:46','2022-06-23 17:58:46','',1889,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2527',0,'revision','',0),(2528,3,'2022-06-23 17:59:29','2022-06-23 17:59:29','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Glare and Heat Gain Reduction\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Glare and Heat Gain Reduction?</h2>\n<p>Glare occurs when sunlight or artificial light inhibits a person from visually focusing on his or her task either by casting a veil of light between the task and the viewer or by flooding the eyes with light. For example, sun glare on a document makes the black text almost as bright as the white background, reducing the contrast and making the document difficult to read.</p>\n<p>Heat gain describes when solar radiation or warmth enters a building through windows, skylights or other glazing systems. Maximizing heat gain during the winter through passive solar strategies and minimizing heat gain and reducing cooling loads during the summer, while maintaining daylighting quality, provides energy and cost savings and enhances thermal comfort (see <em>Daylighting</em>).</p>\n<p>Reducing glare and heat gain requires balancing electrical lighting and daylighting goals and utilizing protective barriers such as high-performance window glazing systems and external or internal physical barriers such as shades, blinds, awnings, overhangs or vegetation (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems</em>, <em>Energy-Efficient Windows, </em>and <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_179\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"552\"]<img class=\"wp-image-179 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"552\" height=\"488\" /> Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption][caption id=\"attachment_588\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"586\"]<img class=\"wp-image-588 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"586\" height=\"458\" /> Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</strong></h2>\n<p>Designing for glare and heat gain reduction involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). For example, building orientation, window glazing, and shading devices influence lighting design, mechanical systems, and interior design (see <em>Building Orientation</em>).</p>\n<p>Building orientation, in combination with window selection and placement, impacts daylighting levels and visual and thermal comfort (see <em>Energy-Efficient Windows</em>). A daylighting-optimized building designed to reduce glare and control heat gains maximizes southern and northern exposures and minimizes east and west exposures. Low sun angles make it more difficult to shade and to avoid glare and heat gain from east and west facing windows compared to south and north facing windows that receive more favorable sources of direct and indirect natural light, respectively. <a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Taking advantage of sunlight during the winter through high-performance windows can also help heat the building naturally and alleviate the dependence on the mechanical heating system.</p>\n<p>The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) indicates how much of the sun’s solar energy transmits through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential increases. Visible transmittance (VT) refers to the amount of visible light transmitted through the window. A higher VT means more daylight in a space. Advances in high-performance tinted glass and low-solar-gain low-e coatings reduce solar heat gain while maintaining visible transmittance. Using high-performance windows to provide solar control reduces the need for operating shades, resulting in increased daylight and unobstructed views.</p>\n<p>Project-specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting or lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n<p>Use simulation programs such as the <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/new_selection1.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative Window Selection Tool</a> or <a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen\">Berkeley Lab’s RESFEN</a> to determine energy-efficient and cost-effective window options. Look for the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">ENERGY STAR label</a>, which sets standards for energy-efficiency that often exceed local energy code requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a></p>\n<p>When selecting a window based on performance, look for visible transmittance (VT) levels higher than (&gt; 70%), especially for daylighting applications (see <em>Daylighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, EnergyStar recommends SHGC of 0.4 (40%) or lower for buildings with moderate air conditioning requirements. Look for SHGC values of 0.25 or less for buildings with significant air conditioning costs or summer overheating problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, a U-factor of <u>&lt;</u> 0.25 is recommended for high-performance buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a></p>\n<p>Managing solar heat gains on the exterior of the building prevents heat from entering the building in the first place. In combination with high-performance glazing systems, consider shading devices early in the design process to achieve a well-integrated architectural design.</p>\n<p>Exterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light.</p>\n<p>Interior glare control devices, such as Venetian blinds, miniblinds, vertical<br />slatted blinds, pleated and honeycomb shades, and roll-down shades can reduce direct sunlight and glare but are less effective at reducing cooling loads since they only block sunlight and do not prevent solar gains from entering the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> Motorized and automated shading systems use sensors, time clocks, a building automation system or occupant control to adjust the position of window coverings to reduce glare, daylighting or privacy levels or heat gain (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).</p>\n<p>Natural landscaping such as mature trees or hedgerows can provide shading. Plant a shade tree near the window or skylight to shade it during the summer months and let as much light and heat in as possible during the winter months (see <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).</p>\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/pdf/SmithCaseStudyFinal.pdf\">Smith Middle School Chapel Hill, NC.</a></p>\n<p>This case study documents that proper daylighting design that addresses glare and heat gain reductions can result in energy savings (64% reduction in lighting energy), occupant comfort (teachers and students favor daylighting in the classrooms) and return on investment (4.2 years).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a>.</p>\n<p>This case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.</p>\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Effectively managing glare and heat gains offers multiple benefits, including:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced peak heat gain and cooling requirements in the summer and maximized solar heat gain in winter, leading to mechanical equipment downsizing, saving capital costs, and reducing mechanical loads and operating expenses (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC System)</em>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n<li>Improved daylighting design, reducing electrical lighting requirements.</li>\n<li>Diminished ultraviolet (UV) and other solar radiation which causes fading of fabrics and furnishings.</li>\n<li>Added environmental benefits such as stormwater management and occupant benefits including views and connection to nature by utilizing energy-efficient landscaping.</li>\n<li>Increased occupant visual and thermal comfort by managing glare and solar heat gains resulting in increased occupant satisfaction and productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></li>\n<li>Enhanced visual interest in building design through the use of shading devices, building orientation and architectural form.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>Costs vary depending on the types of strategies implemented. Designing for glare and heat gain reduction should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.</p>\n<p>The cost of windows varies by project. Energy savings combined with improved visual and thermal comfort and daylighting benefits often justify the investment in high-performance windows. Available rebates and incentives can help offset upfront costs. For up-to-date information on available incentives, visit the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=windows_doors.pr_benefits\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/programs\">NJ Clean Energy Program</a> websites.</p>\n<p>The cost of planting a tree or shrub for shade may range from as little as $10 to hundreds of dollars depending on materials and labor and maturity of selected landscaping vegetation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a></p>\n<p>External window coverings range in price from low-budget options for an aluminum awning to more costly investments for a shade structure. There are also additional costs associated with maintenance of outdoor structures, notably year-round or permanently affixed shades.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage or a heat wave during the summer months, a building designed to optimize daylighting and reduce glare and heat gain can maintain comfortable internal temperatures and lighting levels for building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid by reducing the need for electrical lighting and air conditioning.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and US DOE. 2013. The Integrated Approach: Tips for Daylighting with Windows. Page 32. <a href=\"https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf\">https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/tips-for-daylighting-2013.pdf</a> (accessed July 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Energy Star. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Windows and Glazing. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. “Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in New Jersey.” January 2016. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> US DOE. “Energy-Efficient Window Attachments.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> Cost averaged from several suppliers.</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-building-orientation/\">Building Orientation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-landscaping/\">Energy-Efficient Landscaping</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-high-efficiency-lighting-systems-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls (NLCs)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.umn.edu/index.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindowcoverings.org/\">Efficient Window Coverings and Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/residential_windows_doors_and_skylights\">Energy Star – Windows, Doors, and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nfrc.org/\">National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170719235328/http://newbuildings.org:80/resource/daylighting-guide-office-interiors/\">Daylighting Guide for Office Interiors</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE – Energy Savers</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">Energy Efficient Window Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/design/windows-doors-and-skylights/energy-performance-ratings-windows-doors-and\">Energy Performance Ratings for Windows</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/window-types-and-technologies\">Window Types and Technologies</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psheating.php\">Passive Solar Heating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">Windows and Glazing</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Glare and Heat Gain Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1150-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:59:29','2022-06-23 17:59:29','',1150,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2528',0,'revision','',0),(2529,3,'2022-06-23 17:59:30','2022-06-23 17:59:30','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Energy-Efficient Windows\" subhead=\"New Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><strong>What are Energy-Efficient or High-Performance Windows?</strong></h2>\n<p>Windows form part of the fenestration system of a building and play a key role in maintaining a highly insulated building envelope (see <em>Insulation</em>). The fenestration system, or arrangement of openings in a building envelope, determines a building’s HVAC requirements and daylighting.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a> Appropriately placed and selected energy-efficient or high-performance windows maximize natural light and minimize glare and heat gain or loss, decreasing dependence on electric lighting and HVAC systems and improving thermal comfort, energy-efficiency, and daylighting (see <em>Daylighting</em> and <em>Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a></p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_491\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"756\"]<img class=\"wp-image-491 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Efficient-Windows-Fig-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Windows and Skylights (Source: US DOE Energy Savers).\" width=\"756\" height=\"604\" /> Figure 1 – Windows and Skylights (Source: US DOE Energy Savers).[/caption]<p>High-performance window technologies including low emissive or low-e glass panes, spacers, and insulated frames help prevent energy loss due to conduction, radiation, convection, and air leakage (see <em>Air Infiltration</em>). Low-e windows, treated with a microscopically thin coating, reduce heat flow. Spacers or tiny pieces placed between panes in double- or triple- paned windows, create an insulated space often filled with an inert gas such as argon or krypton to increase the window’s insulation properties (see <em>Insulation</em>). Advanced window technologies such as chromogenic windows and auto-operated windows and shading devices offer daylighting, solar heat gain control and ventilation benefits. Two types of chromogenic windows include thermochromic, which uses adhesive coating to adjust tinting passively with window surface temperature; and electrochromic, which use operable switches or automated building control systems to tint the window via electric current.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> Operable windows and shading systems use auto-controlled devices that open and close at specific times of the day to manage ventilation levels or light levels and control indoor temperatures and manage solar heat gain.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a></p>\n<p>State and local energy codes, federal tax credits, and utility incentives, and ENERGY STAR base their criteria for energy-efficient windows on certified ratings by the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC). NFRC labels provide ratings for <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/ufactor.php\">U-factor</a>, <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/shgc.php\">Solar Heat Gain Coefficient</a> (SHGC), <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/vt.php\">Visible Light Transmittance</a> (VT), and optionally <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/al.php\">Air Leakage</a> (AL) and <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/cr.php\">Condensation Resistance</a> (CR) ratings (see Figure 2).</p>\n<p>A window’s U-factor describes its rate of heat transfer or insulating properties. A lower U-factor indicates a window with higher resistance to heat flow, or a better-insulated window.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a> The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) indicates how much of the sun’s solar energy transmits through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential increases. Visible transmittance (VT) refers to the amount of visible light transmitted through the window. A higher VT means more daylight in a space. Advances in high-performance tinted glass and low-solar-gain low-e coatings reduce solar heat gain while maintaining visible transmittance. The Air Leakage (AL) rating describes leakage through cracks in the window assembly. Condensation Resistance (CR) rates windows on a range between 1 and 100 with higher numbers signaling increased resistance to condensation.</p>\n<h2><strong>How to Incorporate Energy Efficient Windows</strong></h2>\n<p>Use simulation programs such as the <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/new_selection1.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative Window Selection Tool</a> or <a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen\">Berkeley Lab’s RESFEN</a> to determine energy-efficient and cost-effective window options. Look for the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">ENERGY STAR label</a>, which sets standards for energy-efficiency that often exceed local energy code requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> When selecting a window based on performance, look for visible transmittance (VT) levels higher than (&gt; 70%), especially for daylighting applications (see <em>Daylighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, EnergyStar recommends SHGC of 0.4 (40%) or lower for buildings with moderate air conditioning requirements. Look for SHGC values of 0.25 or less for buildings with significant air conditioning costs or summer overheating problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, a U-factor of <u>&lt;</u> 0.25 is recommended for high-performance buildings (see Fig. 2).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a></p>\n<p>Window performance depends on proper installation, sealing and flashing to prevent air leakage and water damage. Window manufacturers often provide detailed installation requirements and specifications for their products and may have recommendations of in-house installers and programs, 3rd party installers, or installer certification programs such as <a href=\"http://www.installationmasters.com/\">Installation Masters™.</a> ASTM Standard E 2112 provides a nationally recognized standard for proper window installation.</p>\n[caption id=\"attachment_529\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1882\"]<img class=\"wp-image-529 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Energy-Efficient-Windows-Fig-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – ENERGY STAR Recommended U-factor, SHGC and Air Leakage values for New Jersey’s Mixed Climate (Source: The Efficient Windows Collaborative).\" width=\"1882\" height=\"770\" /> Figure 2 – ENERGY STAR Recommended U-factor, SHGC and Air Leakage values for New Jersey’s Mixed Climate (Source: The Efficient Windows Collaborative).[/caption]\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\n<p>Energy-efficient windows contribute to the satisfaction, health, and productivity of building occupants by providing daylighting, reducing glare, providing views of nature, and regulating thermal comfort. By providing natural light, managing glare, and eliminating the need for window treatments that completely block out sunlight, high-performance windows can reduce electric lighting loads while at the same time reducing the ultraviolet (UV) and other solar radiation which causes fading of fabrics and furnishings. Energy-efficient windows designed as part of an overall energy management strategy can lead to mechanical equipment downsizing, saving capital costs, and reducing mechanical loads and operating expenses (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC System</em>).</p>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\n<p>The cost of windows varies by project. Energy savings combined with improved thermal comfort, daylighting, and enhanced security benefits often justify the investment in high-performance windows. High-performance glazing can result in higher energy savings in connection with daylighting systems. Commercial buildings with adequately specified fenestration systems have the potential to reduce lighting and HVAC costs 10%–40%.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]</a> Maintenance and repair have a significant impact on the life-cycle cost of windows. Glass, a highly durable material only needs replacement when broken. Window frame durability depends upon maintenance. Framing materials typically have a useful life of 20 to 50 years depending upon the type of deterioration such as rot and corrosion.  Sealants, caulks, tapes, and other glazing materials used to achieve weather-tightness typically have a useful life of 15 to 30 years depending upon thermal stress, movement, and environmental exposure.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]</a> Driven by the demand for large TV screens and recent improvements in thin glass technology, the cost of sub-millimeter glass compares to standard, double-strength glass.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]</a></p>\n<p>For up-to-date information on available incentives, visit the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=windows_doors.pr_benefits\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/programs\">NJ Clean Energy Program</a> websites.</p>\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\n<p>In the event of a power outage, a building with energy-efficient windows maintains comfortable internal temperature for building occupants by reducing heat gain and reducing cooling loads during the summer months. During the winter months, energy-efficient windows provide better insulating properties compared to conventional windows while also offering daylighting, passive solar heating, and enhanced thermal comfort in the case of a power outage. Energy-efficient windows reduce reliance and stress on the grid and provide energy savings. In areas prone to flooding, wind-driven rain, snow storms or hurricanes, properly sealed and flashed windows protect against problems caused by water intrusion, including mold, warping, and structural damage.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) – Windows and Glazing <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php</a> (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Efficient Windows Collaborative. Understanding Windows. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/understanding.php\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/understanding.php</a> (accessed April 10, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Jennifer King and Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: Using Smart Technology to Save Energy in Existing Buildings.” February 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.   <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1701.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Christopher Perry. 2017. “Smart Buildings: A Deeper Dive into Market Segments.” December 2017. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. <a href=\"http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1703.pdf\">http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1703.pdf</a> (accessed August 13, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. U-Factor. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/ufactor.php\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/ufactor.php</a> (accessed May 4, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> Energy Star. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Windows and Glazing. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> Ibid.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. “Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in New Jersey.” January 2016. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]</a> US DOE Office of Renewable Energy &amp; Technology (Feb 2018) Windows and Envelope R&amp;D Opportunities Workshop <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf</a> (accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]</a> Philadelphia High-Performance Building Renovation Guidelines. <a href=\"http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf\">http://www.phila.gov/pdfs/PhiladelphiaGreenGuidelines.pdf</a> (accessed April 11, 2018).</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-energy-efficient-windows/#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]</a> US DOE Office of Renewable Energy &amp; Technology (Feb 2018) Windows and Envelope R&amp;D Opportunities Workshop <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf\">https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/03/f49/bto-windows-envelope-workshop-report-2018-03-01.pdf</a> (accessed April 11, 2018).</p>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-sustainable-materials/\">Air Infiltration</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-insulation/\">Insulation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-properly-sized-hvac-equipment/\">Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/nc-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/residential_windows_doors_and_skylights\">Energy Star – Windows, Doors, and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nfrc.org/\">National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/windows-and-building-envelope\">US DOE – Building Technologies Office – Windows and Building Envelope</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute (NBI)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170719235328/http://newbuildings.org:80/resource/daylighting-guide-office-interiors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daylighting Guide for Office Interiors</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">Windows and Glazing</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Efficient Windows Collaborative</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.umn.edu/index.php\">High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/financing.php\">Financing and Incentives</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.org/software.php\">Software and Tools</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','NC Energy-Efficient Windows','','inherit','closed','closed','','1651-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:59:30','2022-06-23 17:59:30','',1651,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2529',0,'revision','',0),(2530,3,'2022-06-23 17:59:31','2022-06-23 17:59:31','[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" background_color=\"#f7f7f7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Glare and Heat Gain Reduction\" subhead=\"Existing Commercial\" text_orientation=\"center\" content_max_width=\"none\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_color=\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)\" background_layout=\"light\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][/et_pb_fullwidth_header][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" width=\"90%\" max_width=\"1200px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||5px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>What is Glare and Heat Gain Reduction?</h2>\nGlare occurs when sunlight or artificial light inhibits a person from visually focusing on his or her task either by casting a veil of light between the task and the viewer or by flooding the eyes with light. For example, sun glare on a document makes the black text almost as bright as the white background, reducing the contrast and making the document difficult to read.\n\nHeat gain describes when solar radiation or warmth enters a building through windows, skylights or other glazing systems. Maximizing heat gain during the winter through passive solar strategies and minimizing heat gain and reducing cooling loads during the summer, while maintaining daylighting quality, provides energy and cost savings and enhances thermal comfort (see <em>Daylighting</em>).\n\nReducing glare and heat gain requires balancing electrical lighting and daylighting goals and utilizing protective barriers such as high-performance window glazing systems and external or internal physical barriers such as shades, blinds, awnings, overhangs or vegetation (see <em>High-Efficiency Lighting Systems</em>, <em>Energy-Efficient Windows, </em>and <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_179\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"552\"]<img class=\"wp-image-179 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-1-.png\" alt=\"Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"552\" height=\"488\" /> Figure 1 – Disability Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_588\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"586\"]<img class=\"wp-image-588 size-full\" src=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NC-Glare-and-Heat-Gain-Reduction-Fig-2-.png\" alt=\"Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)\" width=\"586\" height=\"458\" /> Figure 2 – Discomfort Glare (Source: Florida Solar Energy Center)[/caption]\n<h2><strong>How to Implement Glare and Heat Gain Reduction</strong></h2>\nDesigning for glare and heat gain reduction in existing commercial building involves complex interactions among multiple building systems and disciplines, requiring an integrated design process (see <em>Integrated Design Process</em>). Renovations provide an opportunity to assess current glare and heat gain issues and to identify opportunities for improvement.\n\nThe first step is to conduct an energy audit to identify cost-effective strategies to reduce energy consumption and improve thermal comfort in glare and heat reduction categories such as daylighting and lighting, window replacement, and building envelope upgrades (see <em>Energy Audit</em>). Use <a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/facility-owners-and-managers/existing-buildings/use-portfolio-manager\">Energy Star Portfolio Manager</a> to benchmark energy usage and identify upgrade opportunities.\n\nProject-specific solutions often require hiring a daylighting or lighting expert familiar with advanced computer simulation software and tools that can effectively simulate a range of scenarios and outcomes.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]</a>\n\nUse simulation programs such as the <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/new_selection1.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative Window Selection Tool</a> or <a href=\"https://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen\">Berkeley Lab’s RESFEN</a> to determine energy-efficient and cost-effective window options. Look for the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">ENERGY STAR label</a>, which sets standards for energy-efficiency that often exceed local energy code requirements.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]</a>\n\nThe following strategies and information provide general guidance on reducing glare and heat gain in existing buildings:\n\nThe Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) indicates how much of the sun’s solar energy transmits through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential increases. Visible transmittance (VT) refers to the amount of visible light transmitted through the window. A higher VT means more daylight in a space. Advances in high-performance tinted glass and low-solar-gain low-e coatings reduce solar heat gain while maintaining visible transmittance. Using high-performance windows to provide solar control reduces the need for operating shades, resulting in increased daylight and unobstructed views.\n\nWhen selecting a window based on performance, look for visible transmittance (VT) levels higher than (&gt; 70%), especially for daylighting applications (see <em>Daylighting</em>).<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, EnergyStar recommends SHGC of 0.4 (40%) or lower for buildings with moderate air conditioning requirements. Look for SHGC values of 0.25 or less for buildings with significant air conditioning costs or summer overheating problems.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]</a> For New Jersey’s Northern/Central climate zone, a U-factor of <u>&lt;</u> 0.25 is recommended for high-performance buildings.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]</a>\n\nManaging solar heat gains on the exterior of the building prevents heat from entering the building in the first place. In combination with high-performance glazing systems, consider shading devices early in the design process to achieve a well-integrated architectural design.\n\nExterior shading and control devices such as light shelves, overhangs, louvers, and reflecting systems and self-shading elements of building form such as wings and deep-set windows can reduce heat gains, soften harsh light contrasts, and diffuse natural light.\n\nInterior glare control devices, such as Venetian blinds, miniblinds, vertical\nslatted blinds, pleated and honeycomb shades, and roll-down shades can reduce direct sunlight and glare but are less effective at reducing cooling loads since they only block sunlight and do not prevent solar gains from entering the building.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]</a> Motorized and automated shading systems use sensors, time clocks, a building automation system or occupant control to adjust the position of window coverings to reduce glare, daylighting or privacy levels or heat gain (see <em>Smart Sensors and Controls</em>).\n\nNatural landscaping such as mature trees or hedgerows can provide shading. Plant a shade tree near the window or skylight to shade it during the summer months and let as much light and heat in as possible during the winter months (see <em>Energy-Efficient Landscaping</em>).\n<h3>Examples</h3>\n<a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/pdf/SmithCaseStudyFinal.pdf\">Smith Middle School Chapel Hill, NC.</a>\n\nThis case study documents that proper daylighting design that addresses glare and heat gain reductions can result in energy savings (64% reduction in lighting energy), occupant comfort (teachers and students favor daylighting in the classrooms) and return on investment (4.2 years).\n\n<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122730/https://www.commercialwindows.org/factsheets/WashingtonDesignGuideOffice.pdf\">Perimeter Office Zones, Washington, DC</a>.\n\nThis case study and design guide examine the best combination of window area, shading device and glazing type to save energy.\n<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>\nEffectively managing glare and heat gains offers multiple benefits, including:\n<ul>\n	<li>Reduced peak heat gain and cooling requirements in the summer and maximized solar heat gain in winter, leading to mechanical equipment downsizing, saving capital costs, and reducing mechanical loads and operating expenses (see <em>Properly-Sized HVAC Equipment)</em>.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]</a></li>\n	<li>Improved daylighting design, reducing electrical lighting requirements.</li>\n	<li>Diminished ultraviolet (UV) and other solar radiation which causes fading of fabrics and furnishings.</li>\n	<li>Added environmental benefits such as stormwater management and occupant benefits including views and connection to nature by utilizing energy-efficient landscaping.</li>\n	<li>Increased occupant visual and thermal comfort by managing glare and solar heat gains resulting in increased occupant satisfaction and productivity.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]</a></li>\n	<li>Enhanced visual interest in building design through the use of shading devices, building orientation and architectural form.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><strong>Costs</strong></h2>\nCosts vary depending on the types of strategies implemented. Designing for glare and heat gain reduction should not impose a significant impact to project costs if considered early in the design phase and integrated throughout the design process. The costs of hiring an expert daylighting consultant and electrical lighting designer often pay for themselves through electrical lighting reductions and associated energy cost savings.\n\nThe cost of windows varies by project. Energy savings combined with improved visual and thermal comfort and daylighting benefits often justify the investment in high-performance windows. Available rebates and incentives can help offset upfront costs. For up-to-date information on available incentives, visit the <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=windows_doors.pr_benefits\">ENERGY STAR</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/programs\">NJ Clean Energy Program</a> websites.\n\nThe cost of planting a tree or shrub for shade may range from as little as $10 to hundreds of dollars depending on materials and labor and maturity of selected landscaping vegetation.<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]</a>\n\nExternal window coverings range in price from low-budget options for an aluminum awning to more costly investments for a shade structure. There are also additional costs associated with maintenance of outdoor structures, notably year-round or permanently affixed shades.\n<h2><strong>Resiliency</strong></h2>\nIn the event of a power outage or a heat wave during the summer months, a building designed to optimize daylighting and reduce glare and heat gain can maintain comfortable internal temperatures and lighting levels for building occupants, while at the same time reducing reliance and stress on the grid by reducing the need for electrical lighting and air conditioning.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]</a> WBDG. Daylighting. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php</a> (accessed April 4, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]</a> Energy Star. <a href=\"http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI\">http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&amp;pgw_code=WI</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]</a> Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). Windows and Glazing. <a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing\">https://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows-and-glazing</a> (accessed April 8, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]</a> Ibid.\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]</a> The Efficient Windows Collaborative. “Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in New Jersey.” January 2016. <a href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf\">http://www.efficientwindows.org/factsheets/New%20Jersey.pdf</a> (accessed May 9, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]</a> US DOE. “Energy-Efficient Window Attachments.” <a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]</a> WBDG. Provide Comfortable Environments. <a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php</a> (accessed April 6, 2018).\n\n<a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-glare-and-heat-gain-reduction/#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]</a> Cost averaged from several suppliers.[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.14.8\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Related Strategies</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-daylighting/\">Daylighting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-high-efficiency-lighting-and-networked-lighting-controls/\">High-Efficiency Lighting Systems and Networked Lighting Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-integrated-design-process/\">Integrated Design Process</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-properly-sized-high-performance-hvac-equipment-and-controls/\">Properly-Sized, High-Performance HVAC Equipment and Controls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/ec-smart-sensors-and-controls/\">Smart Sensors and Controls</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.14.9\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2>Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.commercialwindows.umn.edu/index.php\">Efficient Windows Collaborative – High-Performance Commercial Buildings</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.efficientwindowcoverings.org\">Efficient Window Coverings and Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energystar.gov/products/building_products/residential_windows_doors_and_skylights\">Energy Star – Windows, Doors, and Skylights</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.nfrc.org\">National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lrc.rpi.edu\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – Lighting Research Center</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>New Buildings Institute</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net\">Daylighting Pattern Guide</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170719235328/http://newbuildings.org:80/resource/daylighting-guide-office-interiors/\">Daylighting Guide for Office Interiors </a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>US DOE – Energy Savers</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-attachments\">Energy Efficient Window Attachments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/design/windows-doors-and-skylights/energy-performance-ratings-windows-doors-and\">Energy Performance Ratings for Windows </a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/window-types-and-technologies\">Window Types and Technologies</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psheating.php\">Passive Solar Heating</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php\">Provide Comfortable Environments</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices\">Sun Control and Shading Devices</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php\">Windows and Glazing</a></li>\n</ul>[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]','EC Glare and Heat Gain Reduction','','inherit','closed','closed','','1903-revision-v1','','','2022-06-23 17:59:31','2022-06-23 17:59:31','',1903,'https://greenmanual.rutgers.edu/?p=2530',0,'revision','',0),